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// ~70+ mine sites spanning all major mineral types and producing regions
export type MineralType =
| 'Gold'
| 'Silver'
| 'Copper'
| 'Lithium'
| 'Cobalt'
| 'Rare Earths'
| 'Nickel'
| 'Platinum'
| 'Palladium'
| 'Iron Ore'
| 'Uranium'
| 'Aluminum'
| 'Zinc'
| 'Lead'
| 'Tin'
| 'Manganese'
| 'Chromium'
| 'Coal'
| 'Molybdenum';
export type MineSiteStatus = 'producing' | 'development' | 'care-and-maintenance' | 'exploration' | 'closed';
export interface MineSite {
id: string;
name: string;
lat: number;
lon: number;
mineral: MineralType;
country: string;
operator: string;
status: MineSiteStatus;
significance: string;
productionRank?: string; // e.g. "World's largest", "#2 globally"
productionCapacity?: string; // e.g. "1.2Mt Cu/yr"
annualOutput?: string; // human-readable output for tooltip
openPitOrUnderground?: 'open-pit' | 'underground' | 'in-situ' | 'both';
}
export interface ProcessingPlant {
id: string;
name: string;
lat: number;
lon: number;
type: 'smelter' | 'refinery' | 'processing' | 'separation';
mineral: MineralType;
country: string;
operator: string;
materials?: string[]; // alternative minerals processed
status: 'operating' | 'planned' | 'idle';
significance: string;
outputCapacity?: string;
capacityTpa?: number; // annual capacity in tonnes
}
export interface CommodityPort {
id: string;
name: string;
lat: number;
lon: number;
country: string;
city: string;
commodities: MineralType[];
annualThroughput?: string;
annualVolumeMt?: number; // annual volume in megatonnes
significance: string;
}
// ============================================================
// MINE SITES — ~70 of the world's most significant operations
// ============================================================
export const MINING_SITES: MineSite[] = [
// === GOLD ===
{
id: 'carlin-trend',
name: 'Carlin Trend',
lat: 40.73,
lon: -116.12,
mineral: 'Gold',
country: 'USA',
operator: 'Nevada Gold Mines (Barrick/Newmont JV)',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Largest gold mining district in Western Hemisphere. ~3.5Moz/yr combined output.',
productionRank: 'Western Hemisphere #1',
openPitOrUnderground: 'both',
},
{
id: 'super-pit',
name: 'Super Pit (KCGM)',
lat: -30.784,
lon: 121.498,
mineral: 'Gold',
country: 'Australia',
operator: 'Northern Star Resources',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'One of Australia\'s largest open-pit gold mines. ~600koz/yr.',
productionRank: 'Australia #2',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'boddington',
name: 'Boddington',
lat: -32.795,
lon: 116.48,
mineral: 'Gold',
country: 'Australia',
operator: 'Newmont',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Australia\'s largest gold mine. Also significant copper by-product.',
productionRank: 'Australia #1',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'mponeng',
name: 'Mponeng',
lat: -26.486,
lon: 27.445,
mineral: 'Gold',
country: 'South Africa',
operator: 'AngloGold Ashanti',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'World\'s deepest gold mine (4km). High-grade underground operation.',
productionRank: 'World deepest mine',
openPitOrUnderground: 'underground',
},
{
id: 'olimpiada',
name: 'Olimpiada',
lat: 59.03,
lon: 93.37,
mineral: 'Gold',
country: 'Russia',
operator: 'Polyus',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Russia\'s largest gold mine, among world\'s top 5. Siberian deposit.',
productionRank: 'World top 5',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'lihir',
name: 'Lihir',
lat: -3.12,
lon: 152.65,
mineral: 'Gold',
country: 'Papua New Guinea',
operator: 'Newcrest/Newmont',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Active volcanic island gold mine. ~950koz/yr.',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'obuasi',
name: 'Obuasi',
lat: 6.20,
lon: -1.67,
mineral: 'Gold',
country: 'Ghana',
operator: 'AngloGold Ashanti',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'High-grade West African gold mine. Historically one of Africa\'s largest producers.',
openPitOrUnderground: 'underground',
},
{
id: 'pueblo-viejo',
name: 'Pueblo Viejo',
lat: 19.33,
lon: -70.06,
mineral: 'Gold',
country: 'Dominican Republic',
operator: 'Barrick Gold / Newmont JV',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Largest gold mine in the Caribbean. ~800koz/yr.',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'detour-lake',
name: 'Detour Lake',
lat: 50.05,
lon: -79.70,
mineral: 'Gold',
country: 'Canada',
operator: 'Agnico Eagle',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Canada\'s largest open-pit gold mine by land area. ~700koz/yr.',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'cortez',
name: 'Cortez (Pipeline)',
lat: 40.26,
lon: -116.35,
mineral: 'Gold',
country: 'USA',
operator: 'Nevada Gold Mines (Barrick)',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Major Tier One gold mine in Nevada. Part of Nevada Gold Mines complex.',
openPitOrUnderground: 'both',
},
{
id: 'donlin-gold',
name: 'Donlin Gold',
lat: 61.98,
lon: -158.08,
mineral: 'Gold',
country: 'USA',
operator: 'Barrick / NovaGold JV',
status: 'development',
significance: 'One of the world\'s largest undeveloped gold deposits. Remote Alaska site.',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'muruntau',
name: 'Muruntau',
lat: 41.56,
lon: 64.58,
mineral: 'Gold',
country: 'Uzbekistan',
operator: 'Navoi Mining & Metallurgy Combinat',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'World\'s largest open-pit gold mine by area. ~2.8Moz/yr. State-owned.',
productionRank: 'World #2 gold mine',
annualOutput: '2.8 Moz/yr',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'kibali',
name: 'Kibali',
lat: 3.07,
lon: 29.76,
mineral: 'Gold',
country: 'DRC',
operator: 'Barrick Gold / AngloGold Ashanti JV',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Largest gold mine in DRC. ~800koz/yr. Underground and open-pit hybrid.',
annualOutput: '800 Koz/yr',
openPitOrUnderground: 'both',
},
{
id: 'sukhoi-log',
name: 'Sukhoi Log',
lat: 58.29,
lon: 115.22,
mineral: 'Gold',
country: 'Russia',
operator: 'Polyus (under development)',
status: 'development',
significance: 'One of the world\'s largest undeveloped gold deposits. Est. ~2.3Moz/yr at full capacity.',
annualOutput: '~2.3 Moz/yr (projected)',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'ahafo',
name: 'Ahafo',
lat: 7.06,
lon: -2.34,
mineral: 'Gold',
country: 'Ghana',
operator: 'Newmont',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Major Newmont operation in Ghana\'s prolific Ashanti Belt. ~800koz/yr.',
annualOutput: '800 Koz/yr',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'loulo-gounkoto',
name: 'Loulo-Gounkoto',
lat: 14.85,
lon: -11.41,
mineral: 'Gold',
country: 'Mali',
operator: 'Barrick Gold',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Key Barrick operation in West Africa. ~700koz/yr. Subject to Malian mining code pressure.',
annualOutput: '700 Koz/yr',
openPitOrUnderground: 'underground',
},
{
id: 'south-deep',
name: 'South Deep',
lat: -26.52,
lon: 27.54,
mineral: 'Gold',
country: 'South Africa',
operator: 'Gold Fields',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'One of the world\'s largest gold mines by reserves. Deep underground operation (~3km).',
annualOutput: '300 Koz/yr',
openPitOrUnderground: 'underground',
},
{
id: 'kumtor',
name: 'Kumtor',
lat: 41.81,
lon: 78.19,
mineral: 'Gold',
country: 'Kyrgyzstan',
operator: 'Centerra Gold (state-nationalized)',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Largest gold mine in Central Asia. ~500koz/yr. Nationalized by Kyrgyzstan in 2022.',
annualOutput: '500 Koz/yr',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'yanacocha',
name: 'Yanacocha',
lat: -6.94,
lon: -78.56,
mineral: 'Gold',
country: 'Peru',
operator: 'Newmont / Buenaventura / IFC JV',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Largest gold mine in South America. ~400koz/yr. Transitioning to Yanacocha Sulfides project.',
annualOutput: '400 Koz/yr',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'cerro-negro',
name: 'Cerro Negro',
lat: -46.75,
lon: -67.50,
mineral: 'Gold',
country: 'Argentina',
operator: 'Newmont',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'High-grade Patagonian gold mine. ~300koz/yr. One of the highest-grade operations globally.',
annualOutput: '300 Koz/yr',
openPitOrUnderground: 'underground',
},
{
id: 'tropicana',
name: 'Tropicana',
lat: -29.30,
lon: 124.80,
mineral: 'Gold',
country: 'Australia',
operator: 'AngloGold Ashanti / Regis Resources',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Remote Western Australian gold mine in the Great Victoria Desert. ~500koz/yr.',
annualOutput: '500 Koz/yr',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
// === SILVER ===
{
id: 'fresnillo-mine',
name: 'Fresnillo Mine',
lat: 23.17,
lon: -102.87,
mineral: 'Silver',
country: 'Mexico',
operator: 'Fresnillo plc',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'World\'s largest primary silver mine. >50Moz/yr silver output.',
productionRank: 'World #1 silver mine',
openPitOrUnderground: 'underground',
},
{
id: 'penasquito',
name: 'Peñasquito',
lat: 25.18,
lon: -101.81,
mineral: 'Silver',
country: 'Mexico',
operator: 'Newmont',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Mexico\'s largest open-pit mine. World\'s largest silver producer by output. Gold/zinc/lead by-products.',
productionRank: 'World #2 silver mine',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'kghm-silver',
name: 'KGHM Copper/Silver Complex',
lat: 51.62,
lon: 16.24,
mineral: 'Silver',
country: 'Poland',
operator: 'KGHM Polska Miedź',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Europe\'s largest copper and silver producer. World\'s second-largest silver producer.',
openPitOrUnderground: 'underground',
},
// === COPPER ===
{
id: 'escondida',
name: 'Escondida',
lat: -24.27,
lon: -69.07,
mineral: 'Copper',
country: 'Chile',
operator: 'BHP / Rio Tinto / JECO',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'World\'s largest copper mine. ~1.2Mt Cu/yr. Atacama Desert, Chile.',
productionRank: 'World #1 copper mine',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
productionCapacity: '1.2Mt Cu/yr',
},
{
id: 'chuquicamata',
name: 'Chuquicamata',
lat: -22.30,
lon: -68.93,
mineral: 'Copper',
country: 'Chile',
operator: 'Codelco',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'World\'s largest open-pit copper mine by volume. Transitioning to underground.',
productionRank: 'World largest open pit by volume',
openPitOrUnderground: 'both',
},
{
id: 'el-teniente',
name: 'El Teniente',
lat: -34.08,
lon: -70.36,
mineral: 'Copper',
country: 'Chile',
operator: 'Codelco',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'World\'s largest underground copper mine. ~430kt Cu/yr.',
productionRank: 'World #1 underground copper mine',
openPitOrUnderground: 'underground',
},
{
id: 'grasberg',
name: 'Grasberg',
lat: -4.05,
lon: 137.12,
mineral: 'Copper',
country: 'Indonesia',
operator: 'Freeport-McMoRan / Inalum',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'World\'s second-largest copper mine. Also world\'s largest gold mine by contained gold.',
productionRank: 'World #2 copper, #1 gold',
openPitOrUnderground: 'underground',
},
{
id: 'cerro-verde',
name: 'Cerro Verde',
lat: -16.52,
lon: -71.60,
mineral: 'Copper',
country: 'Peru',
operator: 'Freeport-McMoRan / Buenaventura / SMM',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Major Peruvian copper producer. ~500kt Cu/yr.',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'antamina',
name: 'Antamina',
lat: -9.53,
lon: -77.04,
mineral: 'Copper',
country: 'Peru',
operator: 'BHP / Glencore / Teck / Mitsubishi',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'World-class copper-zinc mine in the Andes. ~460kt Cu/yr.',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'morenci',
name: 'Morenci',
lat: 33.08,
lon: -109.36,
mineral: 'Copper',
country: 'USA',
operator: 'Freeport-McMoRan',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Largest copper mine in North America. ~500kt Cu/yr.',
productionRank: 'North America #1 copper mine',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'kamoa-kakula',
name: 'Kamoa-Kakula',
lat: -5.54,
lon: 25.96,
mineral: 'Copper',
country: 'DRC',
operator: 'Ivanhoe Mines / Zijin Mining',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Highest-grade major copper mine discovered in 30 years. Fastest-growing producer.',
productionRank: 'World #3 copper mine (growing)',
openPitOrUnderground: 'underground',
},
{
id: 'oyu-tolgoi',
name: 'Oyu Tolgoi',
lat: 43.00,
lon: 107.00,
mineral: 'Copper',
country: 'Mongolia',
operator: 'Rio Tinto / Turquoise Hill',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'World\'s third-largest copper-gold deposit. Underground expansion ramping up.',
openPitOrUnderground: 'both',
},
{
id: 'lumwana',
name: 'Lumwana',
lat: -12.52,
lon: 25.36,
mineral: 'Copper',
country: 'Zambia',
operator: 'Barrick Gold',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'One of Africa\'s largest copper mines. ~140kt Cu/yr. Major Zambian producer.',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
// === LITHIUM ===
{
id: 'greenbushes',
name: 'Greenbushes',
lat: -33.86,
lon: 116.01,
mineral: 'Lithium',
country: 'Australia',
operator: 'Talison Lithium (Albemarle / Tianqi)',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'World\'s largest hard-rock lithium mine. Highest-grade spodumene deposit.',
productionRank: 'World #1 hard-rock lithium',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
productionCapacity: '~1.5Mt spodumene/yr',
},
{
id: 'salar-atacama',
name: 'Salar de Atacama',
lat: -23.50,
lon: -68.33,
mineral: 'Lithium',
country: 'Chile',
operator: 'SQM / Albemarle',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'World\'s largest and lowest-cost lithium brine source. ~150kt LCE/yr.',
productionRank: 'World #1 lithium brine',
openPitOrUnderground: 'in-situ',
productionCapacity: '150kt LCE/yr',
},
{
id: 'pilgangoora',
name: 'Pilgangoora',
lat: -21.03,
lon: 118.91,
mineral: 'Lithium',
country: 'Australia',
operator: 'Pilbara Minerals',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Major hard-rock lithium mine. World\'s largest spodumene project after Greenbushes.',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'olaroz',
name: 'Olaroz',
lat: -23.47,
lon: -66.81,
mineral: 'Lithium',
country: 'Argentina',
operator: 'Allkem / Toyota Tsusho',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Key Argentina lithium brine operation. Part of the Lithium Triangle.',
openPitOrUnderground: 'in-situ',
},
{
id: 'cauchari-olaroz',
name: 'Cauchari-Olaroz',
lat: -23.82,
lon: -66.89,
mineral: 'Lithium',
country: 'Argentina',
operator: 'Lithium Americas / Ganfeng',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'One of Argentina\'s largest lithium brine projects. Recently commenced production.',
openPitOrUnderground: 'in-situ',
},
{
id: 'silver-peak',
name: 'Silver Peak',
lat: 37.75,
lon: -117.65,
mineral: 'Lithium',
country: 'USA',
operator: 'Albemarle',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Only active US lithium mine. Nevada brine operation since 1966.',
openPitOrUnderground: 'in-situ',
},
{
id: 'thacker-pass',
name: 'Thacker Pass',
lat: 41.85,
lon: -118.15,
mineral: 'Lithium',
country: 'USA',
operator: 'Lithium Americas',
status: 'development',
significance: 'Largest known lithium deposit in the US. Under development in Nevada.',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'manono',
name: 'Manono',
lat: -7.30,
lon: 27.41,
mineral: 'Lithium',
country: 'DRC',
operator: 'AVZ Minerals',
status: 'development',
significance: 'World\'s largest hard-rock lithium deposit. DRC asset under development.',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
// === COBALT ===
{
id: 'mutanda',
name: 'Mutanda',
lat: -10.78,
lon: 25.80,
mineral: 'Cobalt',
country: 'DRC',
operator: 'Glencore',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'World\'s largest cobalt mine. ~25kt Co/yr when at full capacity.',
productionRank: 'World #1 cobalt mine',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'tenke-fungurume',
name: 'Tenke Fungurume',
lat: -10.61,
lon: 26.16,
mineral: 'Cobalt',
country: 'DRC',
operator: 'CMOC',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Major cobalt-copper producer. Chinese-owned. ~17kt Co/yr.',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'kamoto',
name: 'Kamoto (KOV)',
lat: -10.87,
lon: 25.55,
mineral: 'Cobalt',
country: 'DRC',
operator: 'Glencore / Katanga Mining',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Major DRC cobalt-copper underground mine.',
openPitOrUnderground: 'underground',
},
// === RARE EARTHS ===
{
id: 'bayan-obo',
name: 'Bayan Obo',
lat: 41.76,
lon: 109.95,
mineral: 'Rare Earths',
country: 'China',
operator: 'China Northern Rare Earth Group',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'World\'s largest rare earth mine. ~45% of global REE production from this single site.',
productionRank: 'World #1 REE mine',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'mountain-pass',
name: 'Mountain Pass',
lat: 35.47,
lon: -115.53,
mineral: 'Rare Earths',
country: 'USA',
operator: 'MP Materials',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Only significant rare earth mine and processor in the US. Strategic national asset.',
productionRank: 'US #1 REE mine',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'mount-weld',
name: 'Mount Weld',
lat: -28.86,
lon: 122.17,
mineral: 'Rare Earths',
country: 'Australia',
operator: 'Lynas Rare Earths',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Highest-grade rare earth deposit outside China. Key non-Chinese REE source.',
productionRank: 'World #2 REE mine',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'southern-ion-adsorption',
name: 'Southern China REE',
lat: 25.85,
lon: 114.93,
mineral: 'Rare Earths',
country: 'China',
operator: 'Multiple Chinese operators',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Jiangxi/Guangdong ion-adsorption clay deposits. Key source of heavy rare earths (dysprosium, terbium) critical for EV motors.',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'kvanefjeld',
name: 'Kvanefjeld',
lat: 60.96,
lon: -47.00,
mineral: 'Rare Earths',
country: 'Greenland',
operator: 'Energy Transition Minerals',
status: 'exploration',
significance: 'World-class REE + uranium deposit in Greenland. Subject to Greenland political debate.',
},
// === NICKEL ===
{
id: 'weda-bay',
name: 'Weda Bay / Halmahera',
lat: 0.47,
lon: 127.94,
mineral: 'Nickel',
country: 'Indonesia',
operator: 'Tsingshan / Eramet',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Largest nickel pig iron (NPI) production hub. Core of Indonesia\'s nickel dominance.',
productionRank: 'Indonesia nickel #1 region',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'morowali',
name: 'Morowali Industrial Park',
lat: -2.10,
lon: 121.90,
mineral: 'Nickel',
country: 'Indonesia',
operator: 'Tsingshan Group (various)',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Largest integrated nickel production hub globally. Drives ~50% of world\'s battery-grade nickel.',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'norilsk-mine',
name: 'Norilsk Complex',
lat: 69.33,
lon: 88.21,
mineral: 'Nickel',
country: 'Russia',
operator: 'Nornickel',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'World\'s largest palladium mine and top nickel producer. Arctic Siberian site.',
productionRank: 'World #1 palladium, #2 nickel',
openPitOrUnderground: 'underground',
},
{
id: 'voiseys-bay',
name: 'Voisey\'s Bay',
lat: 56.37,
lon: -62.08,
mineral: 'Nickel',
country: 'Canada',
operator: 'Vale',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'High-grade nickel-cobalt-copper mine in Labrador. Strategic Canadian deposit.',
openPitOrUnderground: 'underground',
},
{
id: 'goro',
name: 'Goro (Vale Nouvelle-Calédonie)',
lat: -22.27,
lon: 167.00,
mineral: 'Nickel',
country: 'New Caledonia',
operator: 'Prony Resources',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Major laterite nickel operation. Battery-grade nickel and cobalt production.',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'taganito',
name: 'Taganito',
lat: 9.15,
lon: 125.77,
mineral: 'Nickel',
country: 'Philippines',
operator: 'Sumitomo / DMCI',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Key Philippine nickel laterite mine. Major Japanese nickel supply source.',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
// === PLATINUM / PALLADIUM ===
{
id: 'mogalakwena',
name: 'Mogalakwena',
lat: -24.05,
lon: 28.76,
mineral: 'Platinum',
country: 'South Africa',
operator: 'Anglo American Platinum',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'World\'s largest open-pit platinum mine. Bushveld Igneous Complex.',
productionRank: 'World #1 open-pit PGM mine',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'marikana',
name: 'Marikana / Rustenburg',
lat: -25.68,
lon: 27.38,
mineral: 'Platinum',
country: 'South Africa',
operator: 'Sibanye-Stillwater',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Major Bushveld Complex platinum operations. Historically significant labor site.',
openPitOrUnderground: 'underground',
},
{
id: 'zimplats',
name: 'Zimplats',
lat: -18.12,
lon: 30.45,
mineral: 'Platinum',
country: 'Zimbabwe',
operator: 'Impala Platinum',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Zimbabwe\'s largest mining company. World\'s third-largest PGM producer.',
openPitOrUnderground: 'both',
},
{
id: 'stillwater',
name: 'Stillwater',
lat: 45.37,
lon: -109.93,
mineral: 'Palladium',
country: 'USA',
operator: 'Sibanye-Stillwater',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Only significant PGM mine in North America. Primary US palladium source.',
productionRank: 'North America #1 PGM',
openPitOrUnderground: 'underground',
},
// === IRON ORE ===
{
id: 'pilbara',
name: 'Pilbara Iron Ore (BHP)',
lat: -22.50,
lon: 119.00,
mineral: 'Iron Ore',
country: 'Australia',
operator: 'BHP',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'BHP\'s Pilbara hub — world\'s most productive iron ore mining region. ~280Mt/yr.',
productionRank: 'BHP Pilbara iron ore hub',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'pilbara-rio',
name: 'Pilbara Iron Ore (Rio Tinto)',
lat: -22.70,
lon: 118.60,
mineral: 'Iron Ore',
country: 'Australia',
operator: 'Rio Tinto',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Rio Tinto\'s Pilbara operations — 16 mines feeding 4 port facilities. ~330Mt/yr.',
productionRank: 'World #1 iron ore producer (Rio)',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'carajas',
name: 'Carajás',
lat: -5.83,
lon: -50.61,
mineral: 'Iron Ore',
country: 'Brazil',
operator: 'Vale',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'World\'s largest iron ore mine by proven reserves. Highest grade iron ore (~67% Fe).',
productionRank: 'World #1 iron ore reserve',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
productionCapacity: '~180Mt/yr',
},
{
id: 'sishen',
name: 'Sishen',
lat: -27.79,
lon: 22.98,
mineral: 'Iron Ore',
country: 'South Africa',
operator: 'Kumba Iron Ore (Anglo American)',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Africa\'s largest iron ore mine. Major export source for European and Asian steel mills.',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'kiruna',
name: 'Kiruna',
lat: 67.85,
lon: 20.32,
mineral: 'Iron Ore',
country: 'Sweden',
operator: 'LKAB',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Europe\'s largest iron ore mine. Undergoing city relocation due to mine expansion.',
openPitOrUnderground: 'underground',
},
// === URANIUM ===
{
id: 'mcarthur-river',
name: 'McArthur River',
lat: 57.76,
lon: -105.03,
mineral: 'Uranium',
country: 'Canada',
operator: 'Cameco',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'World\'s highest-grade uranium mine. 25x average uranium ore grade. Saskatchewan, Canada.',
productionRank: 'World #1 by grade',
openPitOrUnderground: 'underground',
},
{
id: 'cigar-lake',
name: 'Cigar Lake',
lat: 57.67,
lon: -105.61,
mineral: 'Uranium',
country: 'Canada',
operator: 'Cameco / Orano',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'World\'s largest high-grade uranium deposit currently in production.',
productionRank: 'World #1 by production volume (high-grade)',
openPitOrUnderground: 'underground',
},
{
id: 'kazakh-isu',
name: 'Kazakhstan ISL Fields',
lat: 43.60,
lon: 65.40,
mineral: 'Uranium',
country: 'Kazakhstan',
operator: 'Kazatomprom',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Cluster of in-situ leaching uranium operations. Kazakhstan produces ~40% of world supply.',
productionRank: 'World #1 uranium producer country',
openPitOrUnderground: 'in-situ',
},
{
id: 'olympic-dam',
name: 'Olympic Dam',
lat: -30.44,
lon: 136.89,
mineral: 'Uranium',
country: 'Australia',
operator: 'BHP',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'World\'s largest known uranium ore body. Also produces copper, gold, silver.',
productionRank: 'World #1 uranium ore body',
openPitOrUnderground: 'underground',
},
{
id: 'rossing',
name: 'Rössing',
lat: -22.45,
lon: 14.99,
mineral: 'Uranium',
country: 'Namibia',
operator: 'China National Uranium Corp',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'One of the world\'s largest open-pit uranium mines. Chinese-owned since 2019.',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
{
id: 'husab',
name: 'Husab',
lat: -22.46,
lon: 15.18,
mineral: 'Uranium',
country: 'Namibia',
operator: 'China General Nuclear Power',
status: 'producing',
significance: 'Second-largest uranium mine globally by production. 100% Chinese-owned.',
productionRank: 'World #2 uranium mine',
openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit',
},
];
// ============================================================
// PROCESSING PLANTS — Smelters, refineries, separation facilities
// ============================================================
export const PROCESSING_PLANTS: ProcessingPlant[] = [
// Rare Earth Processing
{
id: 'baotou-ree',
name: 'Baotou REE Processing Complex',
lat: 40.66,
lon: 109.84,
type: 'separation',
mineral: 'Rare Earths',
country: 'China',
operator: 'China Northern Rare Earth Group',
status: 'operating',
significance: 'World\'s largest rare earth processing hub. Processes ore from Bayan Obo.',
outputCapacity: '~70% of global REE separation',
},
{
id: 'lynas-lamp',
name: 'Lynas Advanced Materials Plant (LAMP)',
lat: 4.26,
lon: 103.35,
type: 'separation',
mineral: 'Rare Earths',
country: 'Malaysia',
operator: 'Lynas Rare Earths',
status: 'operating',
significance: 'Largest rare earth processing facility outside China. Processes Mt Weld ore.',
outputCapacity: '~10kt NdPr oxide/yr',
},
{
id: 'mp-processing',
name: 'Mountain Pass Processing',
lat: 35.47,
lon: -115.53,
type: 'processing',
mineral: 'Rare Earths',
country: 'USA',
operator: 'MP Materials',
status: 'operating',
significance: 'US rare earth concentrate processing. Building downstream magnet manufacturing.',
},
// Lithium Processing
{
id: 'ganzhou-lithium',
name: 'Ganzhou Lithium Hub',
lat: 25.85,
lon: 114.93,
type: 'refinery',
mineral: 'Lithium',
country: 'China',
operator: 'Ganfeng / multiple Chinese processors',
status: 'operating',
significance: 'China\'s major lithium chemical refining hub. Processes spodumene into battery-grade lithium.',
outputCapacity: '~200kt LCE/yr',
},
{
id: 'kwinana-lithium',
name: 'Kwinana Lithium Refinery',
lat: -32.24,
lon: 115.77,
type: 'refinery',
mineral: 'Lithium',
country: 'Australia',
operator: 'Tianqi Lithium',
status: 'operating',
significance: 'First lithium hydroxide refinery in Australia. Processes Greenbushes concentrate.',
outputCapacity: '24kt LiOH/yr',
},
// Copper Smelters
{
id: 'chagres-smelter',
name: 'Chagres Copper Smelter',
lat: -32.49,
lon: -70.78,
type: 'smelter',
mineral: 'Copper',
country: 'Chile',
operator: 'Anglo American',
status: 'operating',
significance: 'Major Chilean copper smelter. Part of integrated Andean copper production chain.',
},
{
id: 'nkana-smelter',
name: 'Nkana Copper Smelter',
lat: -12.82,
lon: 28.22,
type: 'smelter',
mineral: 'Copper',
country: 'Zambia',
operator: 'Glencore / Mopani Copper',
status: 'operating',
significance: 'Key Zambian copper smelter and refinery on the Copperbelt.',
},
{
id: 'aurubis-hamburg',
name: 'Aurubis Hamburg',
lat: 53.53,
lon: 10.03,
type: 'refinery',
mineral: 'Copper',
country: 'Germany',
operator: 'Aurubis',
status: 'operating',
significance: 'Europe\'s largest copper smelter. Major recycled copper processor.',
outputCapacity: '~1Mt refined copper/yr',
},
// Gold Refineries
{
id: 'rand-refinery',
name: 'Rand Refinery',
lat: -26.16,
lon: 28.16,
type: 'refinery',
mineral: 'Gold',
country: 'South Africa',
operator: 'Rand Refinery (Consortium)',
status: 'operating',
significance: 'World\'s largest gold refinery by cumulative output. Processes most of SA gold production.',
outputCapacity: '~700t gold/yr',
},
{
id: 'pamp-refinery',
name: 'PAMP Refinery',
lat: 46.11,
lon: 8.92,
type: 'refinery',
mineral: 'Gold',
country: 'Switzerland',
operator: 'MKS PAMP',
status: 'operating',
significance: 'Switzerland\'s leading precious metals refinery. Produces LBMA-accredited gold bars.',
},
// Nickel Processing
{
id: 'norilsk-smelter',
name: 'Norilsk Nickel Smelter',
lat: 69.33,
lon: 88.20,
type: 'smelter',
mineral: 'Nickel',
country: 'Russia',
operator: 'Nornickel',
status: 'operating',
significance: 'World\'s largest nickel and palladium smelter. Also major SO2 emitter (Arctic pollution concern).',
outputCapacity: '~250kt Ni/yr, ~90t Pd/yr',
},
];
// ============================================================
// COMMODITY PORTS — Major mineral export/import terminals
// ============================================================
export const COMMODITY_PORTS: CommodityPort[] = [
{
id: 'port-hedland',
name: 'Port Hedland',
lat: -20.31,
lon: 118.58,
country: 'Australia',
city: 'Port Hedland',
commodities: ['Iron Ore'],
annualThroughput: '~580Mt/yr iron ore',
significance: 'World\'s largest bulk export port. Handles ~18% of global seaborne iron ore trade.',
},
{
id: 'dampier-port',
name: 'Dampier (Rio Tinto)',
lat: -20.66,
lon: 116.72,
country: 'Australia',
city: 'Dampier',
commodities: ['Iron Ore'],
annualThroughput: '~200Mt/yr iron ore',
significance: 'Rio Tinto\'s primary iron ore export terminal. Part of Pilbara port network.',
},
{
id: 'punta-patache',
name: 'Coloso Port / Antofagasta',
lat: -23.65,
lon: -70.41,
country: 'Chile',
city: 'Antofagasta',
commodities: ['Copper'],
annualThroughput: '~1.2Mt Cu/yr',
significance: 'Chile\'s primary copper export port. Gateway for Escondida and northern Atacama mines.',
},
{
id: 'santos-brazil',
name: 'Port of Santos',
lat: -23.96,
lon: -46.33,
country: 'Brazil',
city: 'Santos',
commodities: ['Iron Ore'],
annualThroughput: '~130Mt/yr iron ore',
significance: 'Brazil\'s largest port. Key iron ore and agricultural export terminal.',
},
{
id: 'richards-bay',
name: 'Richards Bay Coal Terminal',
lat: -28.80,
lon: 32.07,
country: 'South Africa',
city: 'Richards Bay',
commodities: ['Coal'],
annualThroughput: '~70Mt/yr coal',
significance: 'Africa\'s largest dry bulk export terminal. Primary South African coal export point.',
},
{
id: 'mombasa-port',
name: 'Port of Mombasa',
lat: -4.04,
lon: 39.67,
country: 'Kenya',
city: 'Mombasa',
commodities: ['Cobalt', 'Copper'],
annualThroughput: '~35Mt/yr general cargo',
significance: 'Primary export gateway for DRC and Zambia cobalt and copper.',
},
{
id: 'walvis-bay',
name: 'Walvis Bay',
lat: -22.96,
lon: 14.50,
country: 'Namibia',
city: 'Walvis Bay',
commodities: ['Uranium'],
annualThroughput: 'Major Namibian uranium export point',
significance: 'Primary export port for Namibian uranium from Rössing and Husab mines.',
},
{
id: 'tema-ghana',
name: 'Tema Port',
lat: 5.64,
lon: -0.01,
country: 'Ghana',
city: 'Tema',
commodities: ['Gold'],
annualThroughput: '~130t gold/yr',
significance: 'Primary gold export gateway for Ghana, one of Africa\'s largest gold producers.',
},
{
id: 'callao-peru',
name: 'Port of Callao',
lat: -12.05,
lon: -77.15,
country: 'Peru',
city: 'Callao',
commodities: ['Copper', 'Gold', 'Zinc', 'Silver'],
annualThroughput: '~3Mt metals/yr',
significance: 'Peru\'s main port. Primary export point for Andean copper, zinc, and silver production.',
},
{
id: 'tianjin-port',
name: 'Port of Tianjin',
lat: 38.99,
lon: 117.72,
country: 'China',
city: 'Tianjin',
commodities: ['Iron Ore', 'Copper', 'Aluminum'],
annualThroughput: '~600Mt/yr total',
significance: 'China\'s largest commodity import port. Primary iron ore, copper concentrate, and LME metals gateway.',
},
{
id: 'lme-warehouse-antwerp',
name: 'LME Antwerp Warehouse Hub',
lat: 51.23,
lon: 4.41,
country: 'Belgium',
city: 'Antwerp',
commodities: ['Copper', 'Aluminum', 'Zinc', 'Nickel'],
significance: 'Major LME-licensed metals warehouse network in Europe. Zinc and copper storage hub.',
},
];
|