// Commodity variant: Geographic data for mine sites, processing plants, and export ports // ~70+ mine sites spanning all major mineral types and producing regions export type MineralType = | 'Gold' | 'Silver' | 'Copper' | 'Lithium' | 'Cobalt' | 'Rare Earths' | 'Nickel' | 'Platinum' | 'Palladium' | 'Iron Ore' | 'Uranium' | 'Aluminum' | 'Zinc' | 'Lead' | 'Tin' | 'Manganese' | 'Chromium' | 'Coal' | 'Molybdenum'; export type MineSiteStatus = 'producing' | 'development' | 'care-and-maintenance' | 'exploration' | 'closed'; export interface MineSite { id: string; name: string; lat: number; lon: number; mineral: MineralType; country: string; operator: string; status: MineSiteStatus; significance: string; productionRank?: string; // e.g. "World's largest", "#2 globally" productionCapacity?: string; // e.g. "1.2Mt Cu/yr" annualOutput?: string; // human-readable output for tooltip openPitOrUnderground?: 'open-pit' | 'underground' | 'in-situ' | 'both'; } export interface ProcessingPlant { id: string; name: string; lat: number; lon: number; type: 'smelter' | 'refinery' | 'processing' | 'separation'; mineral: MineralType; country: string; operator: string; materials?: string[]; // alternative minerals processed status: 'operating' | 'planned' | 'idle'; significance: string; outputCapacity?: string; capacityTpa?: number; // annual capacity in tonnes } export interface CommodityPort { id: string; name: string; lat: number; lon: number; country: string; city: string; commodities: MineralType[]; annualThroughput?: string; annualVolumeMt?: number; // annual volume in megatonnes significance: string; } // ============================================================ // MINE SITES — ~70 of the world's most significant operations // ============================================================ export const MINING_SITES: MineSite[] = [ // === GOLD === { id: 'carlin-trend', name: 'Carlin Trend', lat: 40.73, lon: -116.12, mineral: 'Gold', country: 'USA', operator: 'Nevada Gold Mines (Barrick/Newmont JV)', status: 'producing', significance: 'Largest gold mining district in Western Hemisphere. ~3.5Moz/yr combined output.', productionRank: 'Western Hemisphere #1', openPitOrUnderground: 'both', }, { id: 'super-pit', name: 'Super Pit (KCGM)', lat: -30.784, lon: 121.498, mineral: 'Gold', country: 'Australia', operator: 'Northern Star Resources', status: 'producing', significance: 'One of Australia\'s largest open-pit gold mines. ~600koz/yr.', productionRank: 'Australia #2', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'boddington', name: 'Boddington', lat: -32.795, lon: 116.48, mineral: 'Gold', country: 'Australia', operator: 'Newmont', status: 'producing', significance: 'Australia\'s largest gold mine. Also significant copper by-product.', productionRank: 'Australia #1', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'mponeng', name: 'Mponeng', lat: -26.486, lon: 27.445, mineral: 'Gold', country: 'South Africa', operator: 'AngloGold Ashanti', status: 'producing', significance: 'World\'s deepest gold mine (4km). High-grade underground operation.', productionRank: 'World deepest mine', openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', }, { id: 'olimpiada', name: 'Olimpiada', lat: 59.03, lon: 93.37, mineral: 'Gold', country: 'Russia', operator: 'Polyus', status: 'producing', significance: 'Russia\'s largest gold mine, among world\'s top 5. Siberian deposit.', productionRank: 'World top 5', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'lihir', name: 'Lihir', lat: -3.12, lon: 152.65, mineral: 'Gold', country: 'Papua New Guinea', operator: 'Newcrest/Newmont', status: 'producing', significance: 'Active volcanic island gold mine. ~950koz/yr.', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'obuasi', name: 'Obuasi', lat: 6.20, lon: -1.67, mineral: 'Gold', country: 'Ghana', operator: 'AngloGold Ashanti', status: 'producing', significance: 'High-grade West African gold mine. Historically one of Africa\'s largest producers.', openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', }, { id: 'pueblo-viejo', name: 'Pueblo Viejo', lat: 19.33, lon: -70.06, mineral: 'Gold', country: 'Dominican Republic', operator: 'Barrick Gold / Newmont JV', status: 'producing', significance: 'Largest gold mine in the Caribbean. ~800koz/yr.', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'detour-lake', name: 'Detour Lake', lat: 50.05, lon: -79.70, mineral: 'Gold', country: 'Canada', operator: 'Agnico Eagle', status: 'producing', significance: 'Canada\'s largest open-pit gold mine by land area. ~700koz/yr.', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'cortez', name: 'Cortez (Pipeline)', lat: 40.26, lon: -116.35, mineral: 'Gold', country: 'USA', operator: 'Nevada Gold Mines (Barrick)', status: 'producing', significance: 'Major Tier One gold mine in Nevada. Part of Nevada Gold Mines complex.', openPitOrUnderground: 'both', }, { id: 'donlin-gold', name: 'Donlin Gold', lat: 61.98, lon: -158.08, mineral: 'Gold', country: 'USA', operator: 'Barrick / NovaGold JV', status: 'development', significance: 'One of the world\'s largest undeveloped gold deposits. Remote Alaska site.', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'muruntau', name: 'Muruntau', lat: 41.56, lon: 64.58, mineral: 'Gold', country: 'Uzbekistan', operator: 'Navoi Mining & Metallurgy Combinat', status: 'producing', significance: 'World\'s largest open-pit gold mine by area. ~2.8Moz/yr. State-owned.', productionRank: 'World #2 gold mine', annualOutput: '2.8 Moz/yr', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'kibali', name: 'Kibali', lat: 3.07, lon: 29.76, mineral: 'Gold', country: 'DRC', operator: 'Barrick Gold / AngloGold Ashanti JV', status: 'producing', significance: 'Largest gold mine in DRC. ~800koz/yr. Underground and open-pit hybrid.', annualOutput: '800 Koz/yr', openPitOrUnderground: 'both', }, { id: 'sukhoi-log', name: 'Sukhoi Log', lat: 58.29, lon: 115.22, mineral: 'Gold', country: 'Russia', operator: 'Polyus (under development)', status: 'development', significance: 'One of the world\'s largest undeveloped gold deposits. Est. ~2.3Moz/yr at full capacity.', annualOutput: '~2.3 Moz/yr (projected)', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'ahafo', name: 'Ahafo', lat: 7.06, lon: -2.34, mineral: 'Gold', country: 'Ghana', operator: 'Newmont', status: 'producing', significance: 'Major Newmont operation in Ghana\'s prolific Ashanti Belt. ~800koz/yr.', annualOutput: '800 Koz/yr', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'loulo-gounkoto', name: 'Loulo-Gounkoto', lat: 14.85, lon: -11.41, mineral: 'Gold', country: 'Mali', operator: 'Barrick Gold', status: 'producing', significance: 'Key Barrick operation in West Africa. ~700koz/yr. Subject to Malian mining code pressure.', annualOutput: '700 Koz/yr', openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', }, { id: 'south-deep', name: 'South Deep', lat: -26.52, lon: 27.54, mineral: 'Gold', country: 'South Africa', operator: 'Gold Fields', status: 'producing', significance: 'One of the world\'s largest gold mines by reserves. Deep underground operation (~3km).', annualOutput: '300 Koz/yr', openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', }, { id: 'kumtor', name: 'Kumtor', lat: 41.81, lon: 78.19, mineral: 'Gold', country: 'Kyrgyzstan', operator: 'Centerra Gold (state-nationalized)', status: 'producing', significance: 'Largest gold mine in Central Asia. ~500koz/yr. Nationalized by Kyrgyzstan in 2022.', annualOutput: '500 Koz/yr', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'yanacocha', name: 'Yanacocha', lat: -6.94, lon: -78.56, mineral: 'Gold', country: 'Peru', operator: 'Newmont / Buenaventura / IFC JV', status: 'producing', significance: 'Largest gold mine in South America. ~400koz/yr. Transitioning to Yanacocha Sulfides project.', annualOutput: '400 Koz/yr', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'cerro-negro', name: 'Cerro Negro', lat: -46.75, lon: -67.50, mineral: 'Gold', country: 'Argentina', operator: 'Newmont', status: 'producing', significance: 'High-grade Patagonian gold mine. ~300koz/yr. One of the highest-grade operations globally.', annualOutput: '300 Koz/yr', openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', }, { id: 'tropicana', name: 'Tropicana', lat: -29.30, lon: 124.80, mineral: 'Gold', country: 'Australia', operator: 'AngloGold Ashanti / Regis Resources', status: 'producing', significance: 'Remote Western Australian gold mine in the Great Victoria Desert. ~500koz/yr.', annualOutput: '500 Koz/yr', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, // === SILVER === { id: 'fresnillo-mine', name: 'Fresnillo Mine', lat: 23.17, lon: -102.87, mineral: 'Silver', country: 'Mexico', operator: 'Fresnillo plc', status: 'producing', significance: 'World\'s largest primary silver mine. >50Moz/yr silver output.', productionRank: 'World #1 silver mine', openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', }, { id: 'penasquito', name: 'Peñasquito', lat: 25.18, lon: -101.81, mineral: 'Silver', country: 'Mexico', operator: 'Newmont', status: 'producing', significance: 'Mexico\'s largest open-pit mine. World\'s largest silver producer by output. Gold/zinc/lead by-products.', productionRank: 'World #2 silver mine', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'kghm-silver', name: 'KGHM Copper/Silver Complex', lat: 51.62, lon: 16.24, mineral: 'Silver', country: 'Poland', operator: 'KGHM Polska Miedź', status: 'producing', significance: 'Europe\'s largest copper and silver producer. World\'s second-largest silver producer.', openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', }, // === COPPER === { id: 'escondida', name: 'Escondida', lat: -24.27, lon: -69.07, mineral: 'Copper', country: 'Chile', operator: 'BHP / Rio Tinto / JECO', status: 'producing', significance: 'World\'s largest copper mine. ~1.2Mt Cu/yr. Atacama Desert, Chile.', productionRank: 'World #1 copper mine', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', productionCapacity: '1.2Mt Cu/yr', }, { id: 'chuquicamata', name: 'Chuquicamata', lat: -22.30, lon: -68.93, mineral: 'Copper', country: 'Chile', operator: 'Codelco', status: 'producing', significance: 'World\'s largest open-pit copper mine by volume. Transitioning to underground.', productionRank: 'World largest open pit by volume', openPitOrUnderground: 'both', }, { id: 'el-teniente', name: 'El Teniente', lat: -34.08, lon: -70.36, mineral: 'Copper', country: 'Chile', operator: 'Codelco', status: 'producing', significance: 'World\'s largest underground copper mine. ~430kt Cu/yr.', productionRank: 'World #1 underground copper mine', openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', }, { id: 'grasberg', name: 'Grasberg', lat: -4.05, lon: 137.12, mineral: 'Copper', country: 'Indonesia', operator: 'Freeport-McMoRan / Inalum', status: 'producing', significance: 'World\'s second-largest copper mine. Also world\'s largest gold mine by contained gold.', productionRank: 'World #2 copper, #1 gold', openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', }, { id: 'cerro-verde', name: 'Cerro Verde', lat: -16.52, lon: -71.60, mineral: 'Copper', country: 'Peru', operator: 'Freeport-McMoRan / Buenaventura / SMM', status: 'producing', significance: 'Major Peruvian copper producer. ~500kt Cu/yr.', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'antamina', name: 'Antamina', lat: -9.53, lon: -77.04, mineral: 'Copper', country: 'Peru', operator: 'BHP / Glencore / Teck / Mitsubishi', status: 'producing', significance: 'World-class copper-zinc mine in the Andes. ~460kt Cu/yr.', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'morenci', name: 'Morenci', lat: 33.08, lon: -109.36, mineral: 'Copper', country: 'USA', operator: 'Freeport-McMoRan', status: 'producing', significance: 'Largest copper mine in North America. ~500kt Cu/yr.', productionRank: 'North America #1 copper mine', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'kamoa-kakula', name: 'Kamoa-Kakula', lat: -5.54, lon: 25.96, mineral: 'Copper', country: 'DRC', operator: 'Ivanhoe Mines / Zijin Mining', status: 'producing', significance: 'Highest-grade major copper mine discovered in 30 years. Fastest-growing producer.', productionRank: 'World #3 copper mine (growing)', openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', }, { id: 'oyu-tolgoi', name: 'Oyu Tolgoi', lat: 43.00, lon: 107.00, mineral: 'Copper', country: 'Mongolia', operator: 'Rio Tinto / Turquoise Hill', status: 'producing', significance: 'World\'s third-largest copper-gold deposit. Underground expansion ramping up.', openPitOrUnderground: 'both', }, { id: 'lumwana', name: 'Lumwana', lat: -12.52, lon: 25.36, mineral: 'Copper', country: 'Zambia', operator: 'Barrick Gold', status: 'producing', significance: 'One of Africa\'s largest copper mines. ~140kt Cu/yr. Major Zambian producer.', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, // === LITHIUM === { id: 'greenbushes', name: 'Greenbushes', lat: -33.86, lon: 116.01, mineral: 'Lithium', country: 'Australia', operator: 'Talison Lithium (Albemarle / Tianqi)', status: 'producing', significance: 'World\'s largest hard-rock lithium mine. Highest-grade spodumene deposit.', productionRank: 'World #1 hard-rock lithium', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', productionCapacity: '~1.5Mt spodumene/yr', }, { id: 'salar-atacama', name: 'Salar de Atacama', lat: -23.50, lon: -68.33, mineral: 'Lithium', country: 'Chile', operator: 'SQM / Albemarle', status: 'producing', significance: 'World\'s largest and lowest-cost lithium brine source. ~150kt LCE/yr.', productionRank: 'World #1 lithium brine', openPitOrUnderground: 'in-situ', productionCapacity: '150kt LCE/yr', }, { id: 'pilgangoora', name: 'Pilgangoora', lat: -21.03, lon: 118.91, mineral: 'Lithium', country: 'Australia', operator: 'Pilbara Minerals', status: 'producing', significance: 'Major hard-rock lithium mine. World\'s largest spodumene project after Greenbushes.', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'olaroz', name: 'Olaroz', lat: -23.47, lon: -66.81, mineral: 'Lithium', country: 'Argentina', operator: 'Allkem / Toyota Tsusho', status: 'producing', significance: 'Key Argentina lithium brine operation. Part of the Lithium Triangle.', openPitOrUnderground: 'in-situ', }, { id: 'cauchari-olaroz', name: 'Cauchari-Olaroz', lat: -23.82, lon: -66.89, mineral: 'Lithium', country: 'Argentina', operator: 'Lithium Americas / Ganfeng', status: 'producing', significance: 'One of Argentina\'s largest lithium brine projects. Recently commenced production.', openPitOrUnderground: 'in-situ', }, { id: 'silver-peak', name: 'Silver Peak', lat: 37.75, lon: -117.65, mineral: 'Lithium', country: 'USA', operator: 'Albemarle', status: 'producing', significance: 'Only active US lithium mine. Nevada brine operation since 1966.', openPitOrUnderground: 'in-situ', }, { id: 'thacker-pass', name: 'Thacker Pass', lat: 41.85, lon: -118.15, mineral: 'Lithium', country: 'USA', operator: 'Lithium Americas', status: 'development', significance: 'Largest known lithium deposit in the US. Under development in Nevada.', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'manono', name: 'Manono', lat: -7.30, lon: 27.41, mineral: 'Lithium', country: 'DRC', operator: 'AVZ Minerals', status: 'development', significance: 'World\'s largest hard-rock lithium deposit. DRC asset under development.', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, // === COBALT === { id: 'mutanda', name: 'Mutanda', lat: -10.78, lon: 25.80, mineral: 'Cobalt', country: 'DRC', operator: 'Glencore', status: 'producing', significance: 'World\'s largest cobalt mine. ~25kt Co/yr when at full capacity.', productionRank: 'World #1 cobalt mine', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'tenke-fungurume', name: 'Tenke Fungurume', lat: -10.61, lon: 26.16, mineral: 'Cobalt', country: 'DRC', operator: 'CMOC', status: 'producing', significance: 'Major cobalt-copper producer. Chinese-owned. ~17kt Co/yr.', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'kamoto', name: 'Kamoto (KOV)', lat: -10.87, lon: 25.55, mineral: 'Cobalt', country: 'DRC', operator: 'Glencore / Katanga Mining', status: 'producing', significance: 'Major DRC cobalt-copper underground mine.', openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', }, // === RARE EARTHS === { id: 'bayan-obo', name: 'Bayan Obo', lat: 41.76, lon: 109.95, mineral: 'Rare Earths', country: 'China', operator: 'China Northern Rare Earth Group', status: 'producing', significance: 'World\'s largest rare earth mine. ~45% of global REE production from this single site.', productionRank: 'World #1 REE mine', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'mountain-pass', name: 'Mountain Pass', lat: 35.47, lon: -115.53, mineral: 'Rare Earths', country: 'USA', operator: 'MP Materials', status: 'producing', significance: 'Only significant rare earth mine and processor in the US. Strategic national asset.', productionRank: 'US #1 REE mine', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'mount-weld', name: 'Mount Weld', lat: -28.86, lon: 122.17, mineral: 'Rare Earths', country: 'Australia', operator: 'Lynas Rare Earths', status: 'producing', significance: 'Highest-grade rare earth deposit outside China. Key non-Chinese REE source.', productionRank: 'World #2 REE mine', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'southern-ion-adsorption', name: 'Southern China REE', lat: 25.85, lon: 114.93, mineral: 'Rare Earths', country: 'China', operator: 'Multiple Chinese operators', status: 'producing', significance: 'Jiangxi/Guangdong ion-adsorption clay deposits. Key source of heavy rare earths (dysprosium, terbium) critical for EV motors.', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'kvanefjeld', name: 'Kvanefjeld', lat: 60.96, lon: -47.00, mineral: 'Rare Earths', country: 'Greenland', operator: 'Energy Transition Minerals', status: 'exploration', significance: 'World-class REE + uranium deposit in Greenland. Subject to Greenland political debate.', }, // === NICKEL === { id: 'weda-bay', name: 'Weda Bay / Halmahera', lat: 0.47, lon: 127.94, mineral: 'Nickel', country: 'Indonesia', operator: 'Tsingshan / Eramet', status: 'producing', significance: 'Largest nickel pig iron (NPI) production hub. Core of Indonesia\'s nickel dominance.', productionRank: 'Indonesia nickel #1 region', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'morowali', name: 'Morowali Industrial Park', lat: -2.10, lon: 121.90, mineral: 'Nickel', country: 'Indonesia', operator: 'Tsingshan Group (various)', status: 'producing', significance: 'Largest integrated nickel production hub globally. Drives ~50% of world\'s battery-grade nickel.', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'norilsk-mine', name: 'Norilsk Complex', lat: 69.33, lon: 88.21, mineral: 'Nickel', country: 'Russia', operator: 'Nornickel', status: 'producing', significance: 'World\'s largest palladium mine and top nickel producer. Arctic Siberian site.', productionRank: 'World #1 palladium, #2 nickel', openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', }, { id: 'voiseys-bay', name: 'Voisey\'s Bay', lat: 56.37, lon: -62.08, mineral: 'Nickel', country: 'Canada', operator: 'Vale', status: 'producing', significance: 'High-grade nickel-cobalt-copper mine in Labrador. Strategic Canadian deposit.', openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', }, { id: 'goro', name: 'Goro (Vale Nouvelle-Calédonie)', lat: -22.27, lon: 167.00, mineral: 'Nickel', country: 'New Caledonia', operator: 'Prony Resources', status: 'producing', significance: 'Major laterite nickel operation. Battery-grade nickel and cobalt production.', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'taganito', name: 'Taganito', lat: 9.15, lon: 125.77, mineral: 'Nickel', country: 'Philippines', operator: 'Sumitomo / DMCI', status: 'producing', significance: 'Key Philippine nickel laterite mine. Major Japanese nickel supply source.', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, // === PLATINUM / PALLADIUM === { id: 'mogalakwena', name: 'Mogalakwena', lat: -24.05, lon: 28.76, mineral: 'Platinum', country: 'South Africa', operator: 'Anglo American Platinum', status: 'producing', significance: 'World\'s largest open-pit platinum mine. Bushveld Igneous Complex.', productionRank: 'World #1 open-pit PGM mine', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'marikana', name: 'Marikana / Rustenburg', lat: -25.68, lon: 27.38, mineral: 'Platinum', country: 'South Africa', operator: 'Sibanye-Stillwater', status: 'producing', significance: 'Major Bushveld Complex platinum operations. Historically significant labor site.', openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', }, { id: 'zimplats', name: 'Zimplats', lat: -18.12, lon: 30.45, mineral: 'Platinum', country: 'Zimbabwe', operator: 'Impala Platinum', status: 'producing', significance: 'Zimbabwe\'s largest mining company. World\'s third-largest PGM producer.', openPitOrUnderground: 'both', }, { id: 'stillwater', name: 'Stillwater', lat: 45.37, lon: -109.93, mineral: 'Palladium', country: 'USA', operator: 'Sibanye-Stillwater', status: 'producing', significance: 'Only significant PGM mine in North America. Primary US palladium source.', productionRank: 'North America #1 PGM', openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', }, // === IRON ORE === { id: 'pilbara', name: 'Pilbara Iron Ore (BHP)', lat: -22.50, lon: 119.00, mineral: 'Iron Ore', country: 'Australia', operator: 'BHP', status: 'producing', significance: 'BHP\'s Pilbara hub — world\'s most productive iron ore mining region. ~280Mt/yr.', productionRank: 'BHP Pilbara iron ore hub', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'pilbara-rio', name: 'Pilbara Iron Ore (Rio Tinto)', lat: -22.70, lon: 118.60, mineral: 'Iron Ore', country: 'Australia', operator: 'Rio Tinto', status: 'producing', significance: 'Rio Tinto\'s Pilbara operations — 16 mines feeding 4 port facilities. ~330Mt/yr.', productionRank: 'World #1 iron ore producer (Rio)', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'carajas', name: 'Carajás', lat: -5.83, lon: -50.61, mineral: 'Iron Ore', country: 'Brazil', operator: 'Vale', status: 'producing', significance: 'World\'s largest iron ore mine by proven reserves. Highest grade iron ore (~67% Fe).', productionRank: 'World #1 iron ore reserve', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', productionCapacity: '~180Mt/yr', }, { id: 'sishen', name: 'Sishen', lat: -27.79, lon: 22.98, mineral: 'Iron Ore', country: 'South Africa', operator: 'Kumba Iron Ore (Anglo American)', status: 'producing', significance: 'Africa\'s largest iron ore mine. Major export source for European and Asian steel mills.', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'kiruna', name: 'Kiruna', lat: 67.85, lon: 20.32, mineral: 'Iron Ore', country: 'Sweden', operator: 'LKAB', status: 'producing', significance: 'Europe\'s largest iron ore mine. Undergoing city relocation due to mine expansion.', openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', }, // === URANIUM === { id: 'mcarthur-river', name: 'McArthur River', lat: 57.76, lon: -105.03, mineral: 'Uranium', country: 'Canada', operator: 'Cameco', status: 'producing', significance: 'World\'s highest-grade uranium mine. 25x average uranium ore grade. Saskatchewan, Canada.', productionRank: 'World #1 by grade', openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', }, { id: 'cigar-lake', name: 'Cigar Lake', lat: 57.67, lon: -105.61, mineral: 'Uranium', country: 'Canada', operator: 'Cameco / Orano', status: 'producing', significance: 'World\'s largest high-grade uranium deposit currently in production.', productionRank: 'World #1 by production volume (high-grade)', openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', }, { id: 'kazakh-isu', name: 'Kazakhstan ISL Fields', lat: 43.60, lon: 65.40, mineral: 'Uranium', country: 'Kazakhstan', operator: 'Kazatomprom', status: 'producing', significance: 'Cluster of in-situ leaching uranium operations. Kazakhstan produces ~40% of world supply.', productionRank: 'World #1 uranium producer country', openPitOrUnderground: 'in-situ', }, { id: 'olympic-dam', name: 'Olympic Dam', lat: -30.44, lon: 136.89, mineral: 'Uranium', country: 'Australia', operator: 'BHP', status: 'producing', significance: 'World\'s largest known uranium ore body. Also produces copper, gold, silver.', productionRank: 'World #1 uranium ore body', openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', }, { id: 'rossing', name: 'Rössing', lat: -22.45, lon: 14.99, mineral: 'Uranium', country: 'Namibia', operator: 'China National Uranium Corp', status: 'producing', significance: 'One of the world\'s largest open-pit uranium mines. Chinese-owned since 2019.', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, { id: 'husab', name: 'Husab', lat: -22.46, lon: 15.18, mineral: 'Uranium', country: 'Namibia', operator: 'China General Nuclear Power', status: 'producing', significance: 'Second-largest uranium mine globally by production. 100% Chinese-owned.', productionRank: 'World #2 uranium mine', openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', }, ]; // ============================================================ // PROCESSING PLANTS — Smelters, refineries, separation facilities // ============================================================ export const PROCESSING_PLANTS: ProcessingPlant[] = [ // Rare Earth Processing { id: 'baotou-ree', name: 'Baotou REE Processing Complex', lat: 40.66, lon: 109.84, type: 'separation', mineral: 'Rare Earths', country: 'China', operator: 'China Northern Rare Earth Group', status: 'operating', significance: 'World\'s largest rare earth processing hub. Processes ore from Bayan Obo.', outputCapacity: '~70% of global REE separation', }, { id: 'lynas-lamp', name: 'Lynas Advanced Materials Plant (LAMP)', lat: 4.26, lon: 103.35, type: 'separation', mineral: 'Rare Earths', country: 'Malaysia', operator: 'Lynas Rare Earths', status: 'operating', significance: 'Largest rare earth processing facility outside China. Processes Mt Weld ore.', outputCapacity: '~10kt NdPr oxide/yr', }, { id: 'mp-processing', name: 'Mountain Pass Processing', lat: 35.47, lon: -115.53, type: 'processing', mineral: 'Rare Earths', country: 'USA', operator: 'MP Materials', status: 'operating', significance: 'US rare earth concentrate processing. Building downstream magnet manufacturing.', }, // Lithium Processing { id: 'ganzhou-lithium', name: 'Ganzhou Lithium Hub', lat: 25.85, lon: 114.93, type: 'refinery', mineral: 'Lithium', country: 'China', operator: 'Ganfeng / multiple Chinese processors', status: 'operating', significance: 'China\'s major lithium chemical refining hub. Processes spodumene into battery-grade lithium.', outputCapacity: '~200kt LCE/yr', }, { id: 'kwinana-lithium', name: 'Kwinana Lithium Refinery', lat: -32.24, lon: 115.77, type: 'refinery', mineral: 'Lithium', country: 'Australia', operator: 'Tianqi Lithium', status: 'operating', significance: 'First lithium hydroxide refinery in Australia. Processes Greenbushes concentrate.', outputCapacity: '24kt LiOH/yr', }, // Copper Smelters { id: 'chagres-smelter', name: 'Chagres Copper Smelter', lat: -32.49, lon: -70.78, type: 'smelter', mineral: 'Copper', country: 'Chile', operator: 'Anglo American', status: 'operating', significance: 'Major Chilean copper smelter. Part of integrated Andean copper production chain.', }, { id: 'nkana-smelter', name: 'Nkana Copper Smelter', lat: -12.82, lon: 28.22, type: 'smelter', mineral: 'Copper', country: 'Zambia', operator: 'Glencore / Mopani Copper', status: 'operating', significance: 'Key Zambian copper smelter and refinery on the Copperbelt.', }, { id: 'aurubis-hamburg', name: 'Aurubis Hamburg', lat: 53.53, lon: 10.03, type: 'refinery', mineral: 'Copper', country: 'Germany', operator: 'Aurubis', status: 'operating', significance: 'Europe\'s largest copper smelter. Major recycled copper processor.', outputCapacity: '~1Mt refined copper/yr', }, // Gold Refineries { id: 'rand-refinery', name: 'Rand Refinery', lat: -26.16, lon: 28.16, type: 'refinery', mineral: 'Gold', country: 'South Africa', operator: 'Rand Refinery (Consortium)', status: 'operating', significance: 'World\'s largest gold refinery by cumulative output. Processes most of SA gold production.', outputCapacity: '~700t gold/yr', }, { id: 'pamp-refinery', name: 'PAMP Refinery', lat: 46.11, lon: 8.92, type: 'refinery', mineral: 'Gold', country: 'Switzerland', operator: 'MKS PAMP', status: 'operating', significance: 'Switzerland\'s leading precious metals refinery. Produces LBMA-accredited gold bars.', }, // Nickel Processing { id: 'norilsk-smelter', name: 'Norilsk Nickel Smelter', lat: 69.33, lon: 88.20, type: 'smelter', mineral: 'Nickel', country: 'Russia', operator: 'Nornickel', status: 'operating', significance: 'World\'s largest nickel and palladium smelter. Also major SO2 emitter (Arctic pollution concern).', outputCapacity: '~250kt Ni/yr, ~90t Pd/yr', }, ]; // ============================================================ // COMMODITY PORTS — Major mineral export/import terminals // ============================================================ export const COMMODITY_PORTS: CommodityPort[] = [ { id: 'port-hedland', name: 'Port Hedland', lat: -20.31, lon: 118.58, country: 'Australia', city: 'Port Hedland', commodities: ['Iron Ore'], annualThroughput: '~580Mt/yr iron ore', significance: 'World\'s largest bulk export port. Handles ~18% of global seaborne iron ore trade.', }, { id: 'dampier-port', name: 'Dampier (Rio Tinto)', lat: -20.66, lon: 116.72, country: 'Australia', city: 'Dampier', commodities: ['Iron Ore'], annualThroughput: '~200Mt/yr iron ore', significance: 'Rio Tinto\'s primary iron ore export terminal. Part of Pilbara port network.', }, { id: 'punta-patache', name: 'Coloso Port / Antofagasta', lat: -23.65, lon: -70.41, country: 'Chile', city: 'Antofagasta', commodities: ['Copper'], annualThroughput: '~1.2Mt Cu/yr', significance: 'Chile\'s primary copper export port. Gateway for Escondida and northern Atacama mines.', }, { id: 'santos-brazil', name: 'Port of Santos', lat: -23.96, lon: -46.33, country: 'Brazil', city: 'Santos', commodities: ['Iron Ore'], annualThroughput: '~130Mt/yr iron ore', significance: 'Brazil\'s largest port. Key iron ore and agricultural export terminal.', }, { id: 'richards-bay', name: 'Richards Bay Coal Terminal', lat: -28.80, lon: 32.07, country: 'South Africa', city: 'Richards Bay', commodities: ['Coal'], annualThroughput: '~70Mt/yr coal', significance: 'Africa\'s largest dry bulk export terminal. Primary South African coal export point.', }, { id: 'mombasa-port', name: 'Port of Mombasa', lat: -4.04, lon: 39.67, country: 'Kenya', city: 'Mombasa', commodities: ['Cobalt', 'Copper'], annualThroughput: '~35Mt/yr general cargo', significance: 'Primary export gateway for DRC and Zambia cobalt and copper.', }, { id: 'walvis-bay', name: 'Walvis Bay', lat: -22.96, lon: 14.50, country: 'Namibia', city: 'Walvis Bay', commodities: ['Uranium'], annualThroughput: 'Major Namibian uranium export point', significance: 'Primary export port for Namibian uranium from Rössing and Husab mines.', }, { id: 'tema-ghana', name: 'Tema Port', lat: 5.64, lon: -0.01, country: 'Ghana', city: 'Tema', commodities: ['Gold'], annualThroughput: '~130t gold/yr', significance: 'Primary gold export gateway for Ghana, one of Africa\'s largest gold producers.', }, { id: 'callao-peru', name: 'Port of Callao', lat: -12.05, lon: -77.15, country: 'Peru', city: 'Callao', commodities: ['Copper', 'Gold', 'Zinc', 'Silver'], annualThroughput: '~3Mt metals/yr', significance: 'Peru\'s main port. Primary export point for Andean copper, zinc, and silver production.', }, { id: 'tianjin-port', name: 'Port of Tianjin', lat: 38.99, lon: 117.72, country: 'China', city: 'Tianjin', commodities: ['Iron Ore', 'Copper', 'Aluminum'], annualThroughput: '~600Mt/yr total', significance: 'China\'s largest commodity import port. Primary iron ore, copper concentrate, and LME metals gateway.', }, { id: 'lme-warehouse-antwerp', name: 'LME Antwerp Warehouse Hub', lat: 51.23, lon: 4.41, country: 'Belgium', city: 'Antwerp', commodities: ['Copper', 'Aluminum', 'Zinc', 'Nickel'], significance: 'Major LME-licensed metals warehouse network in Europe. Zinc and copper storage hub.', }, ];