| """ |
| Skin Disease Knowledge Base |
| Contains disease info, medicines, and recommendations for all CV model classes. |
| """ |
|
|
| DISEASE_KB = { |
| "Acne": { |
| "description": ( |
| "Acne is a skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become plugged " |
| "with oil and dead skin cells. It causes whiteheads, blackheads, or pimples. " |
| "Most common in teenagers, but can affect people of all ages." |
| ), |
| "severity_indicators": { |
| "Mild": "Few whiteheads or blackheads, occasional small pimples", |
| "Moderate": "Multiple pimples, some nodules, visible redness", |
| "Severe": "Many nodules/cysts, widespread inflammation, scarring risk", |
| "Critical": "Severe cystic acne, deep abscesses, significant scarring", |
| }, |
| "medicines": [ |
| {"name": "Benzoyl Peroxide 5% Gel", "type": "Topical", "dosage": "Apply thin layer", |
| "frequency": "Once or twice daily", "duration": "6-8 weeks", |
| "side_effects": ["Skin dryness", "Peeling", "Redness"], "prescription_required": False}, |
| {"name": "Clindamycin Phosphate Gel 1%", "type": "Topical Antibiotic", "dosage": "Apply thin layer", |
| "frequency": "Twice daily", "duration": "8-12 weeks", |
| "side_effects": ["Dryness", "Oiliness", "Burning sensation"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| {"name": "Tretinoin Cream 0.025%", "type": "Retinoid", "dosage": "Pea-sized amount", |
| "frequency": "Once daily at night", "duration": "3-6 months", |
| "side_effects": ["Skin peeling", "Redness", "Sun sensitivity"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| ], |
| "recommendations": { |
| "lifestyle": ["Wash face twice daily with gentle cleanser", "Avoid touching or picking pimples", |
| "Change pillowcases weekly", "Keep hair clean and off face", "Manage stress through exercise"], |
| "diet": ["Reduce dairy and high glycemic foods", "Increase water intake (8+ glasses daily)", |
| "Eat more fruits and vegetables", "Limit chocolate and greasy foods"], |
| "precautions": ["Always use non-comedogenic sunscreen SPF 30+", "Avoid oil-based makeup products", |
| "Do not share towels or face cloths", "Avoid excessive scrubbing"], |
| "when_to_see_doctor": ["Acne doesn't improve after 2-3 months of OTC treatment", |
| "Acne is causing scarring", "You have painful cysts under the skin"], |
| "home_remedies": ["Apply tea tree oil (diluted) to affected areas", "Use ice pack to reduce inflammation", |
| "Apply honey mask for antibacterial properties"], |
| }, |
| }, |
|
|
| "Eczema": { |
| "description": ( |
| "Eczema (atopic dermatitis) makes skin red, itchy, and inflamed. " |
| "Common in children but can occur at any age. Long lasting and tends to flare periodically." |
| ), |
| "severity_indicators": { |
| "Mild": "Dry, itchy patches, minimal redness", |
| "Moderate": "Red inflamed patches, some oozing, significant itching", |
| "Severe": "Widespread inflammation, crusting, sleep disruption", |
| "Critical": "Skin infections, severe weeping, extreme discomfort", |
| }, |
| "medicines": [ |
| {"name": "Hydrocortisone Cream 1%", "type": "Topical Corticosteroid", "dosage": "Apply thin layer", |
| "frequency": "1-2 times daily", "duration": "1-2 weeks", |
| "side_effects": ["Skin thinning with prolonged use", "Stretch marks"], "prescription_required": False}, |
| {"name": "Tacrolimus Ointment 0.1%", "type": "Calcineurin Inhibitor", "dosage": "Apply thin layer", |
| "frequency": "Twice daily", "duration": "As directed", |
| "side_effects": ["Burning sensation", "Itching initially", "Skin infection risk"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| {"name": "Cetirizine 10mg", "type": "Oral Antihistamine", "dosage": "10mg tablet", |
| "frequency": "Once daily", "duration": "During flare-ups", |
| "side_effects": ["Drowsiness", "Dry mouth", "Dizziness"], "prescription_required": False}, |
| ], |
| "recommendations": { |
| "lifestyle": ["Moisturize skin at least twice daily", "Take short lukewarm showers", |
| "Wear soft, breathable fabrics (cotton)", "Identify and avoid personal triggers"], |
| "diet": ["Identify food triggers through elimination diet", "Increase anti-inflammatory foods", |
| "Stay well hydrated", "Consider probiotics", "Reduce processed and sugary foods"], |
| "precautions": ["Avoid harsh soaps or detergents", "Use fragrance-free products", |
| "Keep nails short to prevent scratching damage"], |
| "when_to_see_doctor": ["Skin becomes infected (yellow crusting, warmth, pus)", |
| "OTC treatments not effective after 2 weeks"], |
| "home_remedies": ["Apply pure coconut oil as moisturizer", "Oatmeal bath to soothe itching", |
| "Cold compress for immediate itch relief", "Aloe vera gel"], |
| }, |
| }, |
|
|
| "Psoriasis": { |
| "description": ( |
| "Psoriasis causes red, itchy scaly patches, most commonly on knees, elbows, trunk, and scalp. " |
| "A chronic disease with no cure, but symptoms can be managed effectively." |
| ), |
| "severity_indicators": { |
| "Mild": "Small patches, minimal scaling", |
| "Moderate": "Multiple patches, moderate scaling and redness", |
| "Severe": "Large areas affected, thick plaques, significant discomfort", |
| "Critical": "Widespread coverage, joint involvement (psoriatic arthritis)", |
| }, |
| "medicines": [ |
| {"name": "Calcipotriene 0.005% Cream", "type": "Vitamin D3 Analogue", "dosage": "Apply thin layer", |
| "frequency": "Twice daily", "duration": "6-8 weeks", |
| "side_effects": ["Skin irritation", "Burning", "Peeling"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| {"name": "Betamethasone Dipropionate Cream", "type": "Topical Corticosteroid", "dosage": "Apply thin layer", |
| "frequency": "Once or twice daily", "duration": "4-6 weeks", |
| "side_effects": ["Skin atrophy", "Stretch marks", "Rebound effect"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| {"name": "Coal Tar Shampoo 5%", "type": "Topical Keratolytic", "dosage": "Apply to scalp", |
| "frequency": "2-3 times weekly", "duration": "Long-term maintenance", |
| "side_effects": ["Skin discoloration", "Odor", "Photosensitivity"], "prescription_required": False}, |
| ], |
| "recommendations": { |
| "lifestyle": ["Maintain healthy weight", "Quit smoking if applicable", "Limit alcohol consumption", |
| "Manage stress with yoga or meditation", "Get regular moderate exercise"], |
| "diet": ["Eat anti-inflammatory foods (berries, leafy greens)", "Increase Omega-3 fatty acids", |
| "Reduce alcohol consumption"], |
| "precautions": ["Moisturize daily with thick creams", "Protect skin from cuts and scrapes", |
| "Avoid skin products with alcohol or fragrances"], |
| "when_to_see_doctor": ["Sudden widespread outbreak", "Joints become painful or swollen", |
| "Current treatment stops working"], |
| "home_remedies": ["Apply aloe vera gel", "Dead sea salt baths", "Apple cider vinegar for scalp psoriasis"], |
| }, |
| }, |
|
|
| "Melanoma": { |
| "description": ( |
| "Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer, developing in melanocytes. " |
| "Know the ABCDE warning signs: Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Evolving." |
| ), |
| "severity_indicators": { |
| "Mild": "Small lesion, confined, early stage", |
| "Moderate": "Growing lesion, color variation, irregular borders", |
| "Severe": "Infiltrating deeper layers, potential lymph node involvement", |
| "Critical": "Metastatic, spread to distant organs", |
| }, |
| "medicines": [ |
| {"name": "Imiquimod Cream 5%", "type": "Immunomodulator", "dosage": "Apply once daily", |
| "frequency": "5 days per week", "duration": "6 weeks", |
| "side_effects": ["Skin reactions", "Flu-like symptoms", "Erosion"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| {"name": "Pembrolizumab (Keytruda)", "type": "Immunotherapy (specialist only)", |
| "dosage": "As prescribed by oncologist", "frequency": "Every 3-6 weeks IV", "duration": "As prescribed", |
| "side_effects": ["Fatigue", "Immune reactions", "Rash"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| ], |
| "recommendations": { |
| "lifestyle": ["🚨 USE SUNSCREEN SPF 50+ DAILY - CRITICAL", "Wear protective clothing and wide-brim hats", |
| "Avoid tanning beds completely", "Regular skin self-examinations"], |
| "diet": ["Antioxidant-rich foods (berries, dark leafy greens)", "Green tea polyphenols", |
| "Selenium-rich foods (Brazil nuts, fish)"], |
| "precautions": ["🚨 SEEK IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION", "Do not attempt home treatment", |
| "Monitor ABCDE: Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Evolving"], |
| "when_to_see_doctor": ["⚠️ IMMEDIATELY - This is a medical emergency", |
| "Any changing mole or new skin lesion", |
| "Mole that bleeds, itches, or has irregular borders"], |
| "home_remedies": ["⚠️ NO HOME REMEDIES - Seek immediate medical care", |
| "Apply sunscreen to all exposed areas"], |
| }, |
| }, |
|
|
| "Darier's Disease": { |
| "description": ( |
| "Darier's Disease (keratosis follicularis) is a rare genetic skin disorder characterized by " |
| "warty, yellowish-brown papules and plaques on seborrheic areas (chest, back, forehead). " |
| "Caused by mutations in the ATP2A2 gene." |
| ), |
| "severity_indicators": { |
| "Mild": "Few isolated papules with mild odor", |
| "Moderate": "Multiple papules coalescing into plaques", |
| "Severe": "Extensive plaques, secondary infection, significant odor", |
| "Critical": "Widespread erosions, secondary bacterial or herpetic infection", |
| }, |
| "medicines": [ |
| {"name": "Acitretin 25mg", "type": "Oral Retinoid", "dosage": "25mg daily", |
| "frequency": "Once daily with food", "duration": "Long-term", |
| "side_effects": ["Dry lips", "Hair loss", "Liver effects", "Teratogenic"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| {"name": "Isotretinoin 0.5mg/kg", "type": "Oral Retinoid", "dosage": "0.5-1mg/kg/day", |
| "frequency": "Once daily", "duration": "4-6 months", |
| "side_effects": ["Dry skin", "Photosensitivity", "Elevated triglycerides"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| {"name": "Clindamycin Lotion 1%", "type": "Topical Antibiotic (for secondary infection)", |
| "dosage": "Apply to affected areas", "frequency": "Twice daily", "duration": "2-4 weeks", |
| "side_effects": ["Dryness", "Contact dermatitis"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| ], |
| "recommendations": { |
| "lifestyle": ["Avoid heat and sweating (major triggers)", "Wear light, loose-fitting clothing", |
| "Keep skin cool with air conditioning", "Avoid ultraviolet light exposure"], |
| "diet": ["Stay well hydrated", "Anti-inflammatory foods", "Avoid foods that cause sweating"], |
| "precautions": ["Apply sunscreen SPF 50+", "Avoid trauma to skin", |
| "Prevent secondary infection with good hygiene"], |
| "when_to_see_doctor": ["Signs of bacterial or viral (herpes) superinfection", |
| "Condition significantly worsening"], |
| "home_remedies": ["Cool compresses for comfort", "Gentle cleansing with mild soap", |
| "Emollients/moisturizers to soften plaques"], |
| }, |
| }, |
|
|
| "Epidermolysis Bullosa Pruriginosa": { |
| "description": ( |
| "Epidermolysis Bullosa Pruriginosa is a rare sub-type of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa " |
| "with intensely pruritic plaques, lichenification, and scarring, predominantly on the limbs. " |
| "Results from mutations in the COL7A1 gene." |
| ), |
| "severity_indicators": { |
| "Mild": "Localized pruritic plaques, minimal blistering", |
| "Moderate": "Multiple plaques, recurrent blisters, significant itching", |
| "Severe": "Widespread blistering, severe scarring, milia formation", |
| "Critical": "Extensive skin loss, secondary infection, contractures", |
| }, |
| "medicines": [ |
| {"name": "Clobetasol Propionate 0.05%", "type": "Potent Topical Corticosteroid", |
| "dosage": "Apply thin layer", "frequency": "Once or twice daily", "duration": "2-4 weeks", |
| "side_effects": ["Skin atrophy", "Stretch marks", "Telangiectasia"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| {"name": "Gabapentin 300mg", "type": "Neuropathic Itch Agent", "dosage": "300mg", |
| "frequency": "Up to three times daily", "duration": "As prescribed", |
| "side_effects": ["Drowsiness", "Dizziness", "Weight gain"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| {"name": "Doxycycline 100mg", "type": "Oral Antibiotic (for infection prophylaxis)", |
| "dosage": "100mg", "frequency": "Once or twice daily", "duration": "As directed", |
| "side_effects": ["Nausea", "Photosensitivity", "Esophageal irritation"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| ], |
| "recommendations": { |
| "lifestyle": ["Handle skin very gently to prevent blistering", "Use non-adhesive wound dressings", |
| "Wear protective soft clothing", "Seek specialist care at an EB center"], |
| "diet": ["High-protein diet to support wound healing", "Iron and zinc supplements as advised", |
| "Soft foods if oral mucosa is affected"], |
| "precautions": ["Never pop blisters without guidance", "Keep wounds covered", |
| "Monitor for signs of infection", "Genetic counseling for family planning"], |
| "when_to_see_doctor": ["Any signs of wound infection", "Rapidly worsening blisters", |
| "Difficulty eating (oral involvement)"], |
| "home_remedies": ["Gentle cool soaks for wound care", "Non-stick silicone wound dressings", |
| "Petroleum jelly (Vaseline) over wounds"], |
| }, |
| }, |
|
|
| "Hailey-Hailey Disease": { |
| "description": ( |
| "Hailey-Hailey Disease (benign familial pemphigus) is a rare hereditary blistering skin disorder " |
| "causing painful erosions and blisters in skin folds (neck, armpits, groin). " |
| "Caused by mutations in the ATP2C1 gene. Flares triggered by heat, friction, infection." |
| ), |
| "severity_indicators": { |
| "Mild": "Occasional small blisters or erosions in skin folds", |
| "Moderate": "Recurrent erosions with crusting and mild odor", |
| "Severe": "Extensive erosions, secondary infection, significant discomfort", |
| "Critical": "Widespread erosions, severe secondary bacterial/fungal infection", |
| }, |
| "medicines": [ |
| {"name": "Doxycycline 100mg + Nicotinamide 500mg", "type": "Oral Combination", |
| "dosage": "Standard doses", "frequency": "Twice daily", "duration": "As directed", |
| "side_effects": ["GI upset", "Photosensitivity", "Flushing"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| {"name": "Ciclosporin 3-5 mg/kg", "type": "Oral Immunosuppressant", |
| "dosage": "3-5 mg/kg/day", "frequency": "Once or twice daily", "duration": "Maintenance", |
| "side_effects": ["Hypertension", "Nephrotoxicity", "Increased infection risk"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| {"name": "Clotrimazole + Hydrocortisone Cream", "type": "Combination Topical", |
| "dosage": "Apply to affected area", "frequency": "Twice daily", "duration": "2-4 weeks", |
| "side_effects": ["Skin thinning", "Burning"], "prescription_required": False}, |
| ], |
| "recommendations": { |
| "lifestyle": ["Avoid heat, friction, and sweating", "Use air conditioning to stay cool", |
| "Wear loose, breathable fabrics", "Keep skin folds dry with absorbent powder"], |
| "diet": ["Anti-inflammatory diet", "Stay hydrated", "Avoid foods that trigger sweating"], |
| "precautions": ["Avoid occlusive dressings over erosions", "Keep intertriginous areas clean and dry", |
| "Monitor for fungal and bacterial superinfection"], |
| "when_to_see_doctor": ["Signs of secondary infection", "No response to topical treatments", |
| "Widespread involvement affecting quality of life"], |
| "home_remedies": ["Gentle cleansing of skin folds", "Cooling compresses", "Drying powders in skin folds"], |
| }, |
| }, |
|
|
| "Hemangioma": { |
| "description": ( |
| "A hemangioma is a benign growth of blood vessels forming a bright red birthmark. " |
| "The most common benign tumor in infancy, typically harmless and often shrinks over time." |
| ), |
| "severity_indicators": { |
| "Mild": "Small, superficial, stable hemangioma", |
| "Moderate": "Growing lesion, cosmetically concerning", |
| "Severe": "Ulcerated hemangioma, functional impairment (near eye/airway)", |
| "Critical": "Life-threatening involvement (airway blockage, high-output cardiac failure)", |
| }, |
| "medicines": [ |
| {"name": "Propranolol 1-3 mg/kg/day", "type": "Oral Beta-Blocker", |
| "dosage": "1-3 mg/kg/day divided", "frequency": "Twice or three times daily", "duration": "6-12 months", |
| "side_effects": ["Bradycardia", "Hypoglycemia", "Bronchospasm"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| {"name": "Timolol 0.5% Gel", "type": "Topical Beta-Blocker", |
| "dosage": "1 drop to lesion surface", "frequency": "Twice daily", "duration": "6-12 months", |
| "side_effects": ["Local skin reactions", "Bradycardia (systemic absorption)"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| ], |
| "recommendations": { |
| "lifestyle": ["Monitor growth pattern with regular photos", "Protect from trauma to prevent bleeding", |
| "Seek specialist evaluation for periocular or airway lesions", |
| "Most regress spontaneously by age 7-10"], |
| "diet": ["No specific dietary changes required", "Maintain healthy general nutrition"], |
| "precautions": ["Avoid trauma to hemangioma", "Watch for ulceration (bleeding, pain)", |
| "Annual dermatologist review for large or complex lesions"], |
| "when_to_see_doctor": ["Located near eyes, nose, or mouth", "Rapid growth", |
| "Ulceration or bleeding", "Multiple hemangiomas"], |
| "home_remedies": ["Gentle wound care if ulcerated", "Protect with soft dressings", |
| "Cool compresses for comfort"], |
| }, |
| }, |
|
|
| "Impetigo": { |
| "description": ( |
| "Impetigo is a highly contagious bacterial skin infection, most common in children. " |
| "It causes red sores that rupture, ooze for days, then form a yellow-brown crust. " |
| "Caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes." |
| ), |
| "severity_indicators": { |
| "Mild": "Few small lesions, no systemic symptoms", |
| "Moderate": "Multiple lesions, spreading to other areas", |
| "Severe": "Widespread infection, bullous impetigo, lymphadenopathy", |
| "Critical": "Secondary complications (cellulitis, septicemia)", |
| }, |
| "medicines": [ |
| {"name": "Mupirocin Ointment 2%", "type": "Topical Antibiotic", |
| "dosage": "Apply to lesions", "frequency": "Three times daily", "duration": "5-7 days", |
| "side_effects": ["Local irritation", "Burning", "Itching"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| {"name": "Flucloxacillin 250-500mg", "type": "Oral Antibiotic", |
| "dosage": "250-500mg", "frequency": "Four times daily (fasting)", "duration": "5-7 days", |
| "side_effects": ["GI upset", "Diarrhea", "Allergic reaction"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| {"name": "Amoxicillin-Clavulanate 500mg", "type": "Oral Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic", |
| "dosage": "500mg", "frequency": "Three times daily", "duration": "7 days", |
| "side_effects": ["Diarrhea", "Nausea", "Rash"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| ], |
| "recommendations": { |
| "lifestyle": ["Keep lesions covered to prevent spreading", "Wash hands frequently", |
| "Do not share towels, clothing, or personal items", |
| "Child should stay home from school until 24-48h on antibiotics"], |
| "diet": ["Maintain good nutrition to support immune system", "Stay well hydrated"], |
| "precautions": ["Highly contagious — isolate from others", "Disinfect surfaces and bedding", |
| "Complete full course of antibiotics"], |
| "when_to_see_doctor": ["No improvement after 48-72h of treatment", "Fever or systemic illness", |
| "Spreading beyond initial area", "Blistering (bullous) form"], |
| "home_remedies": ["Soak crusts in warm water to gently remove", |
| "Gentle cleansing with antiseptic soap", "Keep area clean and dry"], |
| }, |
| }, |
|
|
| "Leishmaniasis": { |
| "description": ( |
| "Leishmaniasis (Leishmanios) is a parasitic disease transmitted by sandfly bites. " |
| "Cutaneous leishmaniasis presents as painless ulcers at bite sites, often with a " |
| "'volcano crater' appearance with raised borders." |
| ), |
| "severity_indicators": { |
| "Mild": "Single small, stable ulcer", |
| "Moderate": "Larger ulcer, satellite lesions, regional lymphadenopathy", |
| "Severe": "Multiple ulcers, disfiguring lesions, mucocutaneous involvement", |
| "Critical": "Visceral leishmaniasis with organ involvement", |
| }, |
| "medicines": [ |
| {"name": "Meglumine Antimoniate injection", "type": "Antiparasitic (systemic)", |
| "dosage": "20 mg/kg/day IM", "frequency": "Once daily IM injection", "duration": "20-28 days", |
| "side_effects": ["Pain at injection site", "Nausea", "Cardiotoxicity", "Hepatotoxicity"], |
| "prescription_required": True}, |
| {"name": "Miltefosine 2.5 mg/kg", "type": "Oral Antiparasitic", |
| "dosage": "2.5 mg/kg/day", "frequency": "Once or twice daily", "duration": "28 days", |
| "side_effects": ["Vomiting", "Diarrhea", "Teratogenic - contraindicated in pregnancy"], |
| "prescription_required": True}, |
| ], |
| "recommendations": { |
| "lifestyle": ["Use insect repellent with DEET in endemic areas", |
| "Sleep under permethrin-treated bed nets", |
| "Wear long sleeves and pants at dusk/dawn", |
| "Apply wound care to ulcerative lesions"], |
| "diet": ["High-protein diet to support immune response and healing", |
| "Vitamin C and zinc for wound healing"], |
| "precautions": ["Report travel history to endemic regions to your doctor", |
| "Protect pets (dogs can be reservoir hosts)", |
| "Monitor for systemic symptoms (fever, weight loss, fatigue)"], |
| "when_to_see_doctor": ["Any non-healing ulcer after travel to endemic region", |
| "Development of fever, weight loss, fatigue", |
| "Mucosal lesions in nose or mouth"], |
| "home_remedies": ["Keep ulcers clean and covered", "Avoid secondary trauma to lesions", |
| "Requires medical treatment — no effective home cures"], |
| }, |
| }, |
|
|
| "Discoid Lupus Erythematosus": { |
| "description": ( |
| "Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE) is a chronic autoimmune skin condition causing " |
| "disc-shaped, scarring plaques on sun-exposed areas (face, scalp, ears). " |
| "Can cause permanent scarring and alopecia." |
| ), |
| "severity_indicators": { |
| "Mild": "Few small, stable discoid lesions", |
| "Moderate": "Multiple plaques, active inflammation, early scarring", |
| "Severe": "Widespread plaques, significant scarring, scarring alopecia", |
| "Critical": "Extensive involvement with systemic progression", |
| }, |
| "medicines": [ |
| {"name": "Hydroxychloroquine 200-400mg", "type": "Antimalarial (Disease-Modifying)", |
| "dosage": "200-400mg daily", "frequency": "Once or twice daily with food", "duration": "Long-term", |
| "side_effects": ["Retinal toxicity (regular eye monitoring needed)", "GI upset", "Skin pigmentation"], |
| "prescription_required": True}, |
| {"name": "Triamcinolone Acetonide intralesional", "type": "Intralesional Corticosteroid", |
| "dosage": "2.5-10 mg/mL", "frequency": "Every 4-6 weeks by specialist", "duration": "As needed", |
| "side_effects": ["Skin atrophy", "Hypopigmentation", "Fat necrosis"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| {"name": "Mometasone Furoate Cream 0.1%", "type": "Potent Topical Corticosteroid", |
| "dosage": "Apply thin layer", "frequency": "Once daily", "duration": "4-8 weeks", |
| "side_effects": ["Skin atrophy", "Telangiectasia", "Striae"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| ], |
| "recommendations": { |
| "lifestyle": ["STRICT sun avoidance — primary trigger", "Use SPF 50+ broad-spectrum sunscreen daily", |
| "Wear UV-protective clothing (UPF 50+) and wide-brim hats", |
| "Avoid tanning beds", "Manage stress"], |
| "diet": ["Anti-inflammatory diet rich in omega-3s", "Vitamin D supplementation", |
| "Avoid alfalfa sprouts (may exacerbate lupus)"], |
| "precautions": ["Monitor for systemic lupus signs (joint pain, fatigue, fever)", |
| "Regular ophthalmology check-ups if on hydroxychloroquine", |
| "Annual blood tests (ANA, CBC, kidney function)"], |
| "when_to_see_doctor": ["Rapidly spreading lesions", "New systemic symptoms", |
| "No response to treatment after 3 months"], |
| "home_remedies": ["Consistent daily sunscreen application", |
| "Aloe vera for soothing non-active areas"], |
| }, |
| }, |
|
|
| "Molluscum Contagiosum": { |
| "description": ( |
| "Molluscum Contagiosum is a common viral skin infection causing small, dome-shaped, " |
| "pearly-white bumps with a central dimple (umbilication). Caused by poxvirus MCV. " |
| "Usually self-limiting in immunocompetent individuals." |
| ), |
| "severity_indicators": { |
| "Mild": "Few isolated lesions in one area", |
| "Moderate": "Multiple lesions, spreading to nearby areas", |
| "Severe": "Widespread lesions (>100), secondary eczematous reaction", |
| "Critical": "Extensive disease in immunocompromised individuals", |
| }, |
| "medicines": [ |
| {"name": "Imiquimod Cream 5%", "type": "Topical Immunomodulator", |
| "dosage": "Apply to each lesion", "frequency": "3 times per week at night", "duration": "Up to 16 weeks", |
| "side_effects": ["Skin redness", "Erosion", "Flaking"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| {"name": "Cantharidin 0.7% solution", "type": "Blistering Agent (applied by clinician)", |
| "dosage": "Applied by dermatologist", "frequency": "Every 2-4 weeks in clinic", "duration": "Until clearance", |
| "side_effects": ["Blistering", "Scarring risk", "Pain"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| ], |
| "recommendations": { |
| "lifestyle": ["Avoid scratching or picking lesions to prevent spreading", "Cover lesions in public", |
| "Avoid sharing towels, swimwear, or personal items", |
| "Usually resolves on its own in 6-18 months"], |
| "diet": ["Maintain healthy immune function with balanced nutrition", "Vitamin C and zinc"], |
| "precautions": ["Very contagious via skin-to-skin contact", "Avoid sexual contact if genital lesions", |
| "Screen for other STIs if sexually transmitted"], |
| "when_to_see_doctor": ["Lesions near eyes", "Widespread, rapidly spreading lesions", |
| "Immunocompromised individuals"], |
| "home_remedies": ["Tea tree oil (diluted) applied carefully", |
| "Keeping skin moisturized around lesions"], |
| }, |
| }, |
|
|
| "Porokeratosis": { |
| "description": ( |
| "Porokeratosis is a group of rare disorders of abnormal keratinization, presenting as " |
| "plaques with a distinct raised ridged border (cornoid lamella). " |
| "Exacerbated by sun exposure and has a small risk of malignant transformation." |
| ), |
| "severity_indicators": { |
| "Mild": "Single, small, stable lesion", |
| "Moderate": "Multiple lesions, some inflammation", |
| "Severe": "Widespread lesions, significant cosmetic concern", |
| "Critical": "Signs of malignant transformation (ulceration, rapid growth)", |
| }, |
| "medicines": [ |
| {"name": "5-Fluorouracil Cream 5%", "type": "Topical Chemotherapy", |
| "dosage": "Apply thin layer", "frequency": "Once or twice daily", "duration": "2-4 weeks per course", |
| "side_effects": ["Significant skin inflammation", "Erosion", "Photosensitivity"], |
| "prescription_required": True}, |
| {"name": "Imiquimod Cream 5%", "type": "Topical Immunomodulator", |
| "dosage": "Apply to lesions", "frequency": "3-5 times per week", "duration": "12-16 weeks", |
| "side_effects": ["Erythema", "Erosions", "Flu-like symptoms"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| {"name": "Acitretin 25mg", "type": "Oral Retinoid (for widespread disease)", |
| "dosage": "25mg", "frequency": "Once daily", "duration": "Long-term", |
| "side_effects": ["Dry lips", "Hair loss", "Teratogenic"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| ], |
| "recommendations": { |
| "lifestyle": ["Strict sun protection — UV is primary trigger", "Apply SPF 50+ sunscreen daily", |
| "Wear UV-protective clothing", "Avoid tanning beds", |
| "Annual skin checks for malignant transformation"], |
| "diet": ["Antioxidant-rich diet for skin protection", "Vitamin D supplementation"], |
| "precautions": ["Monitor lesions for malignancy signs (ulceration, rapid growth, bleeding)", |
| "Annual dermatology review", "Photograph lesions to track changes"], |
| "when_to_see_doctor": ["Any lesion showing rapid growth, ulceration, or bleeding", |
| "New lesions appearing rapidly"], |
| "home_remedies": ["Emollients to soften scale", "Consistent daily sunscreen application"], |
| }, |
| }, |
|
|
| "Tinea Corporis (Ringworm)": { |
| "description": ( |
| "Tinea Corporis (ringworm) is a superficial fungal infection caused by dermatophytes " |
| "(Trichophyton, Microsporum). Presents as a ring-shaped, scaly, red patch with central clearing " |
| "and a raised, well-defined border. Highly contagious." |
| ), |
| "severity_indicators": { |
| "Mild": "One small ring-shaped patch", |
| "Moderate": "Multiple patches, moderate itching and inflammation", |
| "Severe": "Widespread infection, deep follicular involvement (Majocchi's granuloma)", |
| "Critical": "Deep fungal infection, secondary bacterial infection", |
| }, |
| "medicines": [ |
| {"name": "Clotrimazole Cream 1%", "type": "Topical Antifungal", |
| "dosage": "Apply thin layer", "frequency": "Twice daily", "duration": "2-4 weeks", |
| "side_effects": ["Skin irritation", "Burning", "Redness"], "prescription_required": False}, |
| {"name": "Terbinafine Cream 1%", "type": "Topical Antifungal", |
| "dosage": "Apply to affected area and 2cm beyond", "frequency": "Once or twice daily", "duration": "1-2 weeks", |
| "side_effects": ["Itching", "Burning", "Dryness"], "prescription_required": False}, |
| {"name": "Terbinafine 250mg oral", "type": "Oral Antifungal (for extensive disease)", |
| "dosage": "250mg", "frequency": "Once daily", "duration": "2-4 weeks", |
| "side_effects": ["GI upset", "Taste disturbance", "Hepatotoxicity (rare)"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| ], |
| "recommendations": { |
| "lifestyle": ["Keep skin dry and clean", "Do not share personal items", |
| "Shower immediately after sports or sweating", "Wear loose, breathable clothing", |
| "Treat affected pets"], |
| "diet": ["Reduce sugar intake", "Eat probiotic-rich foods (yogurt, kefir)", |
| "Garlic — natural antifungal properties"], |
| "precautions": ["Avoid sharing clothing, towels, or bedding", "Disinfect shared surfaces", |
| "Wash bed sheets in hot water", "Complete full treatment course"], |
| "when_to_see_doctor": ["No improvement after 2 weeks of OTC treatment", |
| "Infection spreads to scalp or nails", |
| "Signs of secondary bacterial infection"], |
| "home_remedies": ["Tea tree oil (diluted with carrier oil)", "Apple cider vinegar compress", |
| "Coconut oil application"], |
| }, |
| }, |
|
|
| "Tungiasis": { |
| "description": ( |
| "Tungiasis is a parasitic skin disease caused by the female sand flea (Tunga penetrans), " |
| "endemic in tropical regions. The flea burrows into skin (usually feet) causing intensely " |
| "painful, inflammatory lesions that can lead to secondary bacterial infection and tetanus." |
| ), |
| "severity_indicators": { |
| "Mild": "1-2 lesions, mild pain and itching", |
| "Moderate": "Several lesions, moderate inflammation and pain", |
| "Severe": "Numerous lesions, secondary infection, impaired mobility", |
| "Critical": "Superinfection with tetanus or necrotizing fasciitis risk", |
| }, |
| "medicines": [ |
| {"name": "Ivermectin 200mcg/kg", "type": "Oral Antiparasitic", |
| "dosage": "200 mcg/kg", "frequency": "Single dose or repeat in 2 weeks", |
| "duration": "Single to 2-week course", |
| "side_effects": ["Dizziness", "Nausea"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| {"name": "Thiabendazole 10% cream", "type": "Topical Antiparasitic", |
| "dosage": "Apply to lesion", "frequency": "Twice daily", "duration": "5-7 days", |
| "side_effects": ["Local irritation"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| {"name": "Amoxicillin-Clavulanate 500mg", "type": "Oral Antibiotic (for secondary infection)", |
| "dosage": "500mg", "frequency": "Three times daily", "duration": "7 days", |
| "side_effects": ["Diarrhea", "Nausea"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| ], |
| "recommendations": { |
| "lifestyle": ["Wear closed-toe shoes in endemic areas", |
| "Avoid walking barefoot outdoors in endemic regions", |
| "Inspect feet daily when in endemic areas", |
| "Ensure tetanus vaccination is up to date", |
| "Seek removal of embedded flea by a healthcare provider"], |
| "diet": ["Maintain good nutrition to support immune function and wound healing"], |
| "precautions": ["Do NOT attempt to remove flea with non-sterile instruments", |
| "Ensure sterile extraction by healthcare professional", |
| "Monitor for signs of tetanus (jaw stiffness, muscle spasms)"], |
| "when_to_see_doctor": ["Multiple lesions or rapid spread", |
| "Signs of secondary infection (pus, redness, fever)", |
| "Any jaw stiffness or muscle rigidity (tetanus emergency)"], |
| "home_remedies": ["Do NOT attempt home removal", "Keep feet clean and wounds covered", |
| "Coconut oil or Vaseline to soften skin around lesion"], |
| }, |
| }, |
|
|
| "Basal Cell Carcinoma": { |
| "description": ( |
| "Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer, developing in basal cells. " |
| "Appears as a pearly, waxy bump or flat flesh-colored scar-like lesion on sun-exposed areas. " |
| "Rarely metastasizes but causes local tissue destruction if untreated." |
| ), |
| "severity_indicators": { |
| "Mild": "Small, superficial BCC, well-defined borders", |
| "Moderate": "Nodular BCC, pearly border, local invasion", |
| "Severe": "Ulcerative or infiltrative BCC, large size, recurrence", |
| "Critical": "Locally advanced, perineural invasion, metastatic (rare)", |
| }, |
| "medicines": [ |
| {"name": "Imiquimod Cream 5%", "type": "Topical Immunotherapy (superficial BCC only)", |
| "dosage": "Apply to lesion and 1cm margin", "frequency": "5 days/week", "duration": "6 weeks", |
| "side_effects": ["Severe skin inflammation", "Ulceration", "Flu-like symptoms"], |
| "prescription_required": True}, |
| {"name": "Vismodegib 150mg", "type": "Oral Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitor (advanced BCC)", |
| "dosage": "150mg", "frequency": "Once daily", "duration": "As directed by oncologist", |
| "side_effects": ["Muscle cramps", "Hair loss", "Taste changes", "Fatigue", "Teratogenic"], |
| "prescription_required": True}, |
| {"name": "5-Fluorouracil Cream 5%", "type": "Topical Chemotherapy (superficial BCC only)", |
| "dosage": "Apply twice daily", "frequency": "Twice daily", "duration": "3-6 weeks", |
| "side_effects": ["Severe inflammation", "Erosion", "Photosensitivity"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| ], |
| "recommendations": { |
| "lifestyle": ["🚨 SEEK DERMATOLOGIST/SURGEON EVALUATION — Excision is standard treatment", |
| "Use SPF 50+ broad-spectrum sunscreen daily", |
| "Wear UV-protective clothing and wide-brim hat", |
| "Avoid tanning beds completely", "Annual full-body skin checks"], |
| "diet": ["Antioxidant-rich diet", "Selenium-rich foods", "Green tea polyphenols"], |
| "precautions": ["🚨 Do NOT delay treatment — local destruction worsens without treatment", |
| "Monitor surgical scars for recurrence", |
| "Protect all scar tissue from sun exposure with SPF 50+"], |
| "when_to_see_doctor": ["🚨 IMMEDIATELY — BCC requires diagnosis and surgical excision", |
| "Any pearly bump that bleeds easily or fails to heal"], |
| "home_remedies": ["⚠️ No effective home remedies — medical treatment is mandatory", |
| "Apply sunscreen religiously to protect surrounding skin"], |
| }, |
| }, |
|
|
| "Lichen Planus": { |
| "description": ( |
| "Lichen Planus is an inflammatory autoimmune condition affecting skin, hair, nails, and mucous membranes. " |
| "Presents with flat-topped, purple, polygonal papules with fine white lines (Wickham's striae). " |
| "Often intensely pruritic." |
| ), |
| "severity_indicators": { |
| "Mild": "Few papules, manageable itching", |
| "Moderate": "Multiple papules, significant pruritus, oral involvement", |
| "Severe": "Widespread plaques, bullous lesions, erosive oral/genital disease", |
| "Critical": "Extensive erosive mucosal lichen planus, esophageal involvement", |
| }, |
| "medicines": [ |
| {"name": "Clobetasol Propionate 0.05%", "type": "Potent Topical Corticosteroid", |
| "dosage": "Apply thin layer", "frequency": "Once or twice daily", "duration": "4-8 weeks", |
| "side_effects": ["Skin atrophy", "Striae", "Telangiectasia"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| {"name": "Prednisolone 30-40mg", "type": "Oral Corticosteroid (for severe/widespread disease)", |
| "dosage": "30-40mg", "frequency": "Once daily (morning)", "duration": "Tapering course over 4-6 weeks", |
| "side_effects": ["Weight gain", "Glucose elevation", "Mood changes", "Osteoporosis risk"], |
| "prescription_required": True}, |
| {"name": "Hydroxychloroquine 200-400mg", "type": "Antimalarial (for chronic disease)", |
| "dosage": "200-400mg", "frequency": "Once daily", "duration": "Long-term", |
| "side_effects": ["Retinal toxicity (eye monitoring required)", "GI upset"], "prescription_required": True}, |
| ], |
| "recommendations": { |
| "lifestyle": ["Manage stress (known trigger for flares)", "Avoid skin trauma (Koebner phenomenon)", |
| "Practice good oral hygiene for oral lesions", "Moisturize regularly to reduce itch"], |
| "diet": ["Avoid acidic, spicy, or hard foods if oral involvement", |
| "Soft diet for painful oral lesions", "Anti-inflammatory foods"], |
| "precautions": ["Hepatitis C testing recommended (association with lichen planus)", |
| "Monitor oral lesions for malignant transformation (rare)", |
| "Regular dental and dermatology follow-ups"], |
| "when_to_see_doctor": ["No improvement after 4-6 weeks of topical treatment", |
| "Erosive oral or genital lesions", "Any oral lesion that changes rapidly"], |
| "home_remedies": ["Aloe vera gel for soothing", "Oatmeal baths for itch relief", |
| "Cold compresses to reduce inflamed areas"], |
| }, |
| }, |
|
|
| "Nevus (Mole)": { |
| "description": ( |
| "A nevus (mole) is a common benign growth of melanocytes. Most are harmless and stable, " |
| "but careful monitoring is essential. ABCDE criteria help identify potentially malignant change: " |
| "Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter >6mm, Evolving." |
| ), |
| "severity_indicators": { |
| "Mild": "Small, symmetric, uniform color, stable mole", |
| "Moderate": "Slightly irregular border or color, needs monitoring", |
| "Severe": "Multiple atypical features (dysplastic nevus), biopsy recommended", |
| "Critical": "ABCDE criteria met — suspect melanoma, biopsy urgently required", |
| }, |
| "medicines": [ |
| {"name": "No medication required for benign stable nevi", "type": "Monitoring only", |
| "dosage": "N/A", "frequency": "N/A", "duration": "Annual review", |
| "side_effects": [], "prescription_required": False}, |
| ], |
| "recommendations": { |
| "lifestyle": ["Perform monthly self-examination of all moles", |
| "Use SPF 50+ sunscreen on all moles", |
| "Photograph moles regularly with dates to track changes", |
| "Annual full-body dermatologist review", |
| "Avoid tanning beds — significantly increases melanoma risk"], |
| "diet": ["Antioxidant-rich diet for general skin health", "Vitamin D through safe dietary sources"], |
| "precautions": ["Monitor ABCDE: Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Evolving", |
| "Never attempt to remove moles yourself"], |
| "when_to_see_doctor": ["Any mole that changes in size, shape, or color", |
| "Mole that bleeds, itches, or becomes raised", |
| "New mole appearing in an adult over 30"], |
| "home_remedies": ["⚠️ DO NOT attempt home removal of moles", |
| "Daily sunscreen application is the key protective measure"], |
| }, |
| }, |
|
|
| "Normal Skin": { |
| "description": ( |
| "The analyzed area appears to show normal, healthy skin without significant pathological findings. " |
| "No disease condition has been detected. Continue with good general skincare practices." |
| ), |
| "severity_indicators": { |
| "Mild": "Healthy skin — no concerning findings", |
| "Moderate": "N/A", |
| "Severe": "N/A", |
| "Critical": "N/A", |
| }, |
| "medicines": [], |
| "recommendations": { |
| "lifestyle": ["Cleanse skin gently twice daily", "Apply broad-spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen daily", |
| "Stay hydrated (8+ glasses of water per day)", "Get adequate sleep (7-9 hours)"], |
| "diet": ["Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains", |
| "Include omega-3 fatty acids (fish, flaxseed, walnuts)", |
| "Foods rich in vitamins A, C, E for skin health"], |
| "precautions": ["Perform monthly skin self-examinations", |
| "Protect from sun exposure (main cause of premature aging)", |
| "Avoid smoking (damages collagen and accelerates aging)"], |
| "when_to_see_doctor": ["If any new lesion, mole change, or skin abnormality appears", |
| "Annual preventive dermatology check-up recommended"], |
| "home_remedies": ["Consistent moisturizer application after showering", "Aloe vera for soothing dry skin", |
| "Gentle exfoliation 1-2 times per week"], |
| }, |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| "Ringworm": { |
| "description": "Ringworm (tinea corporis) is a fungal infection causing ring-shaped, scaly red patches.", |
| "severity_indicators": {"Mild": "One small ring-shaped patch", "Moderate": "Multiple patches", |
| "Severe": "Widespread", "Critical": "Deep infection"}, |
| "medicines": [ |
| {"name": "Clotrimazole Cream 1%", "type": "Topical Antifungal", "dosage": "Apply thin layer", |
| "frequency": "Twice daily", "duration": "2-4 weeks", |
| "side_effects": ["Skin irritation", "Burning"], "prescription_required": False}, |
| ], |
| "recommendations": { |
| "lifestyle": ["Keep skin dry and clean", "Do not share towels or clothing"], |
| "diet": ["Reduce sugar intake", "Eat probiotic-rich foods"], |
| "precautions": ["Complete full course of treatment", "Wash bedding in hot water"], |
| "when_to_see_doctor": ["No improvement after 2 weeks"], |
| "home_remedies": ["Tea tree oil (diluted)", "Apple cider vinegar compress"], |
| }, |
| }, |
|
|
| "Unknown": { |
| "description": ( |
| "The skin condition could not be clearly identified. " |
| "Please consult a dermatologist for proper evaluation." |
| ), |
| "severity_indicators": { |
| "Mild": "Minor skin change, low concern", |
| "Moderate": "Noticeable skin change, warrants attention", |
| "Severe": "Significant skin change, medical attention recommended", |
| "Critical": "Seek immediate medical care", |
| }, |
| "medicines": [], |
| "recommendations": { |
| "lifestyle": ["Maintain good general skin hygiene", "Keep skin moisturized", "Stay hydrated"], |
| "diet": ["Eat a balanced, nutritious diet", "Include skin-healthy nutrients (vitamins A, C, E)"], |
| "precautions": ["⚠️ Please consult a qualified dermatologist for proper diagnosis", |
| "Avoid self-medicating"], |
| "when_to_see_doctor": ["As soon as possible for proper diagnosis"], |
| "home_remedies": ["Keep area clean and moisturized", "Avoid irritating the area"], |
| }, |
| }, |
| } |
|
|
| |
| DISEASE_DATABASE = DISEASE_KB |
|
|
| |
| def _normalize(name: str) -> str: |
| """Lowercase + strip for fuzzy matching.""" |
| return name.lower().strip().replace("-", " ").replace("_", " ") |
|
|
| _NORMALIZED_MAP = {_normalize(k): k for k in DISEASE_KB} |
|
|
| def get_disease_info(disease_name: str) -> dict: |
| """ |
| Retrieve disease information. Tries exact match first, then |
| case-insensitive / hyphen-normalized match, then falls back to 'Unknown'. |
| """ |
| if disease_name in DISEASE_KB: |
| return DISEASE_KB[disease_name] |
| norm = _normalize(disease_name) |
| key = _NORMALIZED_MAP.get(norm) |
| if key: |
| return DISEASE_KB[key] |
| return DISEASE_KB["Unknown"] |
|
|
| def get_all_disease_names() -> list: |
| """Return all disease names in the knowledge base.""" |
| return list(DISEASE_KB.keys()) |
|
|
