em/ui.py

"""UI components and build_ui function for the EM module."""
from __future__ import annotations

from typing import TYPE_CHECKING

import plotly.graph_objects as go
from trame.widgets import html as trame_html, vuetify3, plotly as plotly_widgets
from pyvista.trame.ui import plotter_ui

from .state import state, ctrl, get_server
from .globals import plotter, GRID_SIZES
from .geometry import build_geometry_placeholder as _build_geometry_placeholder
from .excitation import build_excitation_placeholder as _build_excitation_placeholder
from .simulation import run_simulation_only, reset_to_defaults, stop_simulation_handler, process_uploaded_em_job_result
from .exports import (
    export_vtk, export_vtk_all_frames, export_mp4,
    export_sim_timeseries_csv, export_sim_timeseries_png, export_sim_timeseries_html,
    export_qpu_timeseries_csv, export_qpu_timeseries_png, export_qpu_timeseries_html,
)
from .handlers import build_qubit_plot

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    pass


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Placeholder builders for preview areas
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

def _build_empty_figure(message: str = "") -> go.Figure:
    """Build an empty placeholder figure with optional message."""
    fig = go.Figure()
    if message:
        fig.add_annotation(
            text=message,
            x=0.5, y=0.5, showarrow=False,
            font=dict(size=16, color="#888")
        )
    fig.update_layout(
        margin=dict(l=20, r=20, t=40, b=20),
        paper_bgcolor="#ffffff",
        plot_bgcolor="#ffffff",
        height=400,
    )
    fig.update_xaxes(visible=False)
    fig.update_yaxes(visible=False)
    return fig


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Main UI Builder
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

def build_ui():
    """Render the EM UI inside the host layout."""
    _server = get_server()
    if _server is None or not state.bound or not ctrl.bound:
        raise RuntimeError('Call set_server(server) before build_ui().')
    
    with vuetify3.VContainer(fluid=True, classes="pa-0 fill-height"):
        # Upload Dialog
        with vuetify3.VDialog(v_model=("show_upload_dialog", False), max_width="500px"):
            with vuetify3.VCard():
                vuetify3.VCardTitle("Upload Geometry")
                with vuetify3.VCardText(classes="py-1 px-2"):
                    vuetify3.VFileInput(
                        show_size=True,
                        label="Select geometry file",
                        accept=".vtp,.vtk,.glb,.stl",
                        update_binary=("uploaded_file_info", 1),
                    )
                with vuetify3.VCardActions():
                    vuetify3.VSpacer()
                    vuetify3.VBtn("Cancel", click="show_upload_dialog = false")

        # Snackbars for status messages
        vuetify3.VSnackbar(
            v_model=("show_upload_status", False),
            children=["{{ upload_status_message }}"],
            timeout=4000,
            location="bottom right",
            color="primary",
            variant="tonal",
        )
        vuetify3.VSnackbar(
            v_model=("show_export_status", False),
            children=["{{ export_status_message }}"],
            timeout=4000,
            location="bottom right",
            color="primary",
            variant="tonal",
        )

        with vuetify3.VRow(no_gutters=True, classes="fill-height"):
            # Left Column - Configuration
            with vuetify3.VCol(cols=5, classes="pa-1 d-flex flex-column"):
                _build_overview_card()
                _build_geometry_card()
                _build_excitation_card()
                _build_material_card()
                _build_time_card()
                _build_meshing_card()
                _build_backends_card()
                _build_output_preferences_card()
                _build_run_buttons()
                _build_job_upload_card()
                vuetify3.VSpacer()
                _build_reset_button()

            # Right Column - Visualization
            with vuetify3.VCol(cols=7, classes="pa-1 d-flex flex-column"):
                _build_output_config_card()
                _build_main_plot_area()
                _build_qpu_plot_area()
                _build_no_geometry_placeholder()
                _build_status_console()

        # Floating status window
        _build_status_window()


def _build_overview_card():
    """Build the Overview/Introduction card."""
    with vuetify3.VCard(classes="mb-1", style=("overview_card_style", "font-size: 0.8rem;")):
        with vuetify3.VCardTitle("Overview", classes="text-subtitle-1 text-primary", style="font-size: 0.9rem; padding: 6px 10px;"):
            pass
        with vuetify3.VCardText(classes="py-1 px-2"):
            vuetify3.VSelect(
                label="Select a problem",
                v_model=("problem_selection", None),
                items=(
                    "problem_options",
                    [
                        "Propagation in a given medium (no bodies)",
                        "Scattering from a perfectly conducting body",
                    ],
                ),
                placeholder="Select a problem",
                density="compact",
                color="primary",
            )

def _build_geometry_card():
    """Build the Geometry configuration card."""
    with vuetify3.VCard(classes="mb-1", style=("geometry_card_style", "font-size: 0.8rem;")):
        with vuetify3.VCardTitle("Geometry", classes="text-subtitle-1 text-primary", style="font-size: 0.9rem; padding: 6px 10px;"):
            pass
        with vuetify3.VCardText(classes="py-1 px-2"):
            vuetify3.VSelect(
                label="Select",
                v_model=("geometry_selection", None),
                items=("geometry_options",),
                placeholder="Select",
                density="compact",
                color="primary",
            )
            with vuetify3.VContainer(v_if="geometry_selection === 'Square Metallic Body'", classes="pa-0 mt-2"):
                with vuetify3.VRow(dense=True):
                    with vuetify3.VCol():
                        with vuetify3.VTooltip("Square hole edge length s in domain units [0,1]. Must be ≤ 1. UI-only.", location="bottom", color="primary"):
                            with vuetify3.Template(v_slot_activator="{ props }"):
                                vuetify3.VTextField(
                                    v_bind="props",
                                    v_model=("hole_size_edge", 0.2),
                                    label="Hole Edge Length [0 - 1]",
                                    type="number",
                                    step=0.05,
                                    min=0,
                                    density="compact",
                                    color="primary",
                                )
                    with vuetify3.VCol():
                        with vuetify3.VTooltip("Hole center as (x, y). Both x and y must be strictly within (0,1). Example: (0.5, 0.5). UI-only.", location="bottom", color="primary"):
                            with vuetify3.Template(v_slot_activator="{ props }"):
                                vuetify3.VTextField(
                                    v_bind="props",
                                    v_model=("hole_center_pair", "(0.5, 0.5)"),
                                    label="Hole Center (X, Y)",
                                    density="compact",
                                    color="primary",
                                )
                with vuetify3.VRow(dense=True, classes="mt-1"):
                    with vuetify3.VCol(cols=12):
                        vuetify3.VSwitch(
                            v_model=("hole_snap", True),
                            label="Snap edges to nearest grid lines",
                            color="primary",
                            inset=True,
                            density="compact",
                        )
                vuetify3.VAlert(
                    v_if="hole_error_message",
                    type="error",
                    variant="tonal",
                    density="compact",
                    children=["{{ hole_error_message }}"],
                    classes="mt-1",
                )


def _build_excitation_card():
    """Build the Excitation/Initial State configuration card."""
    with vuetify3.VCard(classes="mb-1", style=("excitation_card_style", "font-size: 0.8rem;")):
        with vuetify3.VCardTitle("Excitation: Initial State", classes="text-subtitle-1 text-primary", style="font-size: 0.9rem; padding: 6px 10px;"):
            pass
        with vuetify3.VCardText(classes="py-1 px-2"):
            with vuetify3.VRow(classes="d-flex align-center", dense=True, no_gutters=True):
                with vuetify3.VCol(classes="flex-grow-1"):
                    vuetify3.VSelect(
                        label="Select",
                        v_model=("dist_type", None),
                        items=("dist_type_options", ["None", "Delta", "Gaussian"]),
                        placeholder="Select",
                        density="compact",
                        color="primary",
                    )
                with vuetify3.VCol(cols="auto", classes="ml-1"):
                    with vuetify3.VTooltip("Show or hide configuration for the selected excitation", location="bottom", color="primary"):
                        with vuetify3.Template(v_slot_activator="{ props }"):
                            with vuetify3.VBtn(
                                icon=True,
                                density="compact",
                                variant="text",
                                click="excitation_config_open = !excitation_config_open",
                                disabled=("!dist_type", False),
                                v_bind="props",
                            ):
                                vuetify3.VIcon("mdi-cog", color=("excitation_config_open ? 'primary' : 'grey'",))
                        trame_html.Span("Toggle parameter inputs for the chosen excitation")
            # Delta config
            with vuetify3.VExpandTransition():
                with vuetify3.VSheet(
                    v_if="excitation_config_open && dist_type === 'Delta'",
                    classes="pa-2 mt-1 rounded-lg",
                    style="background-color: rgba(95,37,159,0.03); border: 1px solid rgba(95,37,159,0.15);",
                ):
                    with vuetify3.VTooltip("Impulse position (x, y) in [0,1]. Example: (0.6, 0.6).", location="bottom", color="primary"):
                        with vuetify3.Template(v_slot_activator="{ props }"):
                            vuetify3.VTextField(
                                v_bind="props",
                                v_model=("peak_pair", "(0.5, 0.5)"),
                                label="Peak (x, y) in [0,1]",
                                density="compact",
                                color="primary",
                            )
            # Gaussian config
            with vuetify3.VExpandTransition():
                with vuetify3.VSheet(
                    v_if="excitation_config_open && dist_type === 'Gaussian'",
                    classes="pa-2 mt-1 rounded-lg",
                    style="background-color: rgba(95,37,159,0.03); border: 1px solid rgba(95,37,159,0.15);",
                ):
                    with vuetify3.VRow(dense=True):
                        with vuetify3.VCol():
                            with vuetify3.VTooltip("Gaussian center μ (x, y) in [0,1]. Example: (0.5, 0.5).", location="bottom", color="primary"):
                                with vuetify3.Template(v_slot_activator="{ props }"):
                                    vuetify3.VTextField(
                                        v_bind="props",
                                        v_model=("mu_pair", "(0.5, 0.5)"),
                                        label="Mu (x, y) in [0,1]",
                                        density="compact",
                                        color="primary",
                                    )
                    with vuetify3.VRow(dense=True, classes="mt-1"):
                        with vuetify3.VCol():
                            with vuetify3.VTooltip("Gaussian spread σx in [0,1] of domain length.", location="bottom", color="primary"):
                                with vuetify3.Template(v_slot_activator="{ props }"):
                                    vuetify3.VTextField(
                                        v_bind="props",
                                        v_model=("sigma_x", 0.25),
                                        label="Sigma X (0–1)",
                                        type="number",
                                        step="0.01",
                                        density="compact",
                                        color="primary",
                                    )
                        with vuetify3.VCol():
                            with vuetify3.VTooltip("Gaussian spread σy in [0,1] of domain length.", location="bottom", color="primary"):
                                with vuetify3.Template(v_slot_activator="{ props }"):
                                    vuetify3.VTextField(
                                        v_bind="props",
                                        v_model=("sigma_y", 0.15),
                                        label="Sigma Y (0–1)",
                                        type="number",
                                        step="0.01",
                                        density="compact",
                                        color="primary",
                                    )
            vuetify3.VAlert(v_if="excitation_error_message", type="error", variant="tonal", density="compact", children=["{{ excitation_error_message }}"], classes="mt-1")
            vuetify3.VAlert(
                v_if="excitation_info_message",
                type="info",
                variant="tonal",
                density="compact",
                children=["{{ excitation_info_message }}"],
                classes="mt-1",
                style="white-space: pre-line;",
            )


def _build_material_card():
    """Build the Material Properties card."""
    with vuetify3.VCard(classes="mb-1", style="font-size: 0.8rem;"):
        with vuetify3.VCardTitle("Material Properties (Medium)", classes="text-subtitle-1 text-primary", style="font-size: 0.9rem; padding: 6px 10px;"):
            pass
        with vuetify3.VCardText(classes="py-1 px-2"):
            with vuetify3.VRow(dense=True):
                with vuetify3.VCol(cols="6"):
                    with vuetify3.VTooltip("Relative permittivity. ε_r = ε / ε₀. Default 1.0 (free space).", location="bottom", color="primary"):
                        with vuetify3.Template(v_slot_activator="{ props }"):
                            vuetify3.VTextField(v_bind="props", v_model=("coeff_permittivity", 1.0), label="Permittivity (εr)", type="number", step="0.1", density="compact", color="primary")
                with vuetify3.VCol(cols="6"):
                    with vuetify3.VTooltip("Relative permeability. μ_r = μ / μ₀. Default 1.0 (non-magnetic).", location="bottom", color="primary"):
                        with vuetify3.Template(v_slot_activator="{ props }"):
                            vuetify3.VTextField(v_bind="props", v_model=("coeff_permeability", 1.0), label="Permeability (μr)", type="number", step="0.1", density="compact", color="primary")


def _build_time_card():
    """Build the Time configuration card."""
    with vuetify3.VCard(classes="mb-1", style="font-size: 0.8rem;"):
        with vuetify3.VCardTitle("Time", classes="text-subtitle-1 text-primary", style="font-size: 0.9rem; padding: 6px 10px;"):
            pass
        with vuetify3.VCardText(classes="py-1 px-2"):
            with vuetify3.VTooltip("Sets the total duration for the simulation to run.", location="bottom", color="primary"):
                with vuetify3.Template(v_slot_activator="{ props }"):
                    vuetify3.VTextField(
                        v_bind="props",
                        v_model=("T", 1.0),
                        label="Total Time (T)",
                        type="number",
                        step="0.1",
                        density="compact",
                        color="primary",
                    )


def _build_meshing_card():
    """Build the Meshing card with qubit plot hover."""
    with vuetify3.VCard(classes="mb-1", style=("meshing_card_style", "font-size: 0.8rem;")):
        with vuetify3.VCardTitle("Meshing", classes="text-subtitle-1 text-primary", style="font-size: 0.9rem; padding: 6px 10px;"):
            pass
        with vuetify3.VCardText(classes="py-1 px-2"):
            with vuetify3.VMenu(open_on_hover=True, close_on_content_click=True, location="end"):
                with vuetify3.Template(v_slot_activator="{ props }"):
                    with vuetify3.VSlider(
                        v_bind="props",
                        v_model=("nx_slider_index", None),
                        label="No. of points per direction:",
                        min=0,
                        max=len(GRID_SIZES) - 1,
                        step=1,
                        show_ticks="always",
                        thumb_label="always",
                        density="compact",
                        color="primary",
                    ):
                        vuetify3.Template(
                            v_slot_thumb_label="{ modelValue }",
                            children=["{{ modelValue === null ? 'Select' : grid_size_labels[modelValue] }}"],
                        )
                # Hover content: enlarged Plotly graph
                with vuetify3.VSheet(classes="pa-2", elevation=6, rounded=True, style="width: 644px;"):
                    qubit_fig_widget = plotly_widgets.Figure(
                        figure=build_qubit_plot(int(state.nx or 16)),
                        responsive=True,
                        style="width: 616px; height: 364px; min-height: 364px;",
                    )
                    ctrl.qubit_plot_update = qubit_fig_widget.update


def _build_backends_card():
    """Build the Backends selection card."""
    with vuetify3.VCard(classes="mb-1", style=("backend_card_style", "font-size: 0.8rem;")):
        with vuetify3.VCardTitle("Backends", classes="text-subtitle-1 text-primary", style="font-size: 0.9rem; padding: 6px 10px;"):
            pass
        with vuetify3.VCardText(classes="py-1 px-2"):
            with vuetify3.VRow(dense=True, classes="mb-2"):
                with vuetify3.VCol():
                    vuetify3.VAlert(
                        type="info",
                        color="primary",
                        variant="tonal",
                        density="compact",
                        children=[
                            "Selected: ",
                            "{{ backend_type || '—' }}",
                            " - ",
                            "{{ backend_type === 'Simulator' ? selected_simulator : (backend_type === 'QPU' ? selected_qpu : '—') }}",
                        ],
                    )
            with vuetify3.VMenu(open_on_hover=True, close_on_content_click=True, location="end"):
                with vuetify3.Template(v_slot_activator="{ props }"):
                    vuetify3.VBtn(v_bind="props", text="Choose Backend", color="primary", variant="tonal", block=True)
                with vuetify3.VList(density="compact"):
                    with vuetify3.VMenu(open_on_hover=True, close_on_content_click=True, location="end", offset=8):
                        with vuetify3.Template(v_slot_activator="{ props }"):
                            vuetify3.VListItem(v_bind="props", title="Simulator", prepend_icon="mdi-robot-outline", append_icon="mdi-chevron-right")
                        with vuetify3.VList(density="compact"):
                            vuetify3.VListItem(title="IBM Qiskit simulator", click="backend_type = 'Simulator'; selected_simulator = 'IBM Qiskit simulator'")
                            vuetify3.VListItem(title="Statevector Estimator", click="backend_type = 'Simulator'; selected_simulator = 'Statevector Estimator'")
                    with vuetify3.VMenu(open_on_hover=True, close_on_content_click=True, location="end", offset=8):
                        with vuetify3.Template(v_slot_activator="{ props }"):
                            vuetify3.VListItem(v_bind="props", title="QPU", prepend_icon="mdi-chip", append_icon="mdi-chevron-right")
                        with vuetify3.VList(density="compact"):
                            vuetify3.VListItem(title="IBM QPU", click="backend_type = 'QPU'; selected_qpu = 'IBM QPU'")
                            vuetify3.VListItem(title="IonQ QPU", click="backend_type = 'QPU'; selected_qpu = 'IonQ QPU'")


def _build_output_preferences_card():
    """Build the Output Preferences card (appears after backend selection)."""
    with vuetify3.VCard(v_if="backend_type", classes="mb-0", style=("output_card_style", "font-size: 0.8rem;")):
        with vuetify3.VCardTitle("Output Preferences", classes="text-subtitle-1 text-primary", style="font-size: 0.9rem; padding: 6px 10px;"):
            pass
        with vuetify3.VCardText(classes="py-1 px-2"):
            vuetify3.VCardSubtitle("Select Δt intervals for plotting output snapshots", classes="text-caption font-weight-bold mt-1", style="font-size: 0.75rem;")
            with vuetify3.VTooltip("Snapshot interval (Δt). Solver runs at fixed 0.1 s; frames are saved every Δt.", location="bottom", color="primary"):
                with vuetify3.Template(v_slot_activator="{ props }"):
                    vuetify3.VTextField(v_bind="props", v_model=("dt_user", 0.1), label="Δt", type="number", step="0.1", density="compact", color="primary", classes="mt-1")
            vuetify3.VAlert(v_if="temporal_warning", type="warning", variant="tonal", density="compact", children=["{{ temporal_warning }}"], classes="mt-1")

            # IBM QPU monitor options (single field, single position ONLY)
            with vuetify3.VContainer(v_if="backend_type === 'QPU' && selected_qpu === 'IBM QPU'", classes="pa-0 mt-2"):
                vuetify3.VAlert(
                    type="info",
                    variant="tonal",
                    density="compact",
                    children=["IBM QPU: Only ONE field component and ONE monitor position supported."],
                    classes="mb-2",
                )
                with vuetify3.VRow(dense=True, classes="mb-1 align-center"):
                    with vuetify3.VCol(cols=4, sm=3, md=3):
                        vuetify3.VSelect(
                            label="Field",
                            v_model=("qpu_field_components", "Ez"),
                            items=("ibm_qpu_field_options", ["Ez", "Hx", "Hy"]),
                            density="compact",
                            color="primary",
                            hide_details=True,
                            style="max-width: 160px;",
                        )
                    with vuetify3.VCol(cols=8, sm=9, md=9):
                        vuetify3.VTextField(
                            label="Monitor position (x, y) in [0,1]",
                            v_model=("qpu_monitor_samples", "(0.5, 0.5)"),
                            density="compact",
                            color="primary",
                            hide_details=True,
                            style="max-width: 320px;",
                            hint="Single position only for IBM QPU",
                        )
                vuetify3.VAlert(
                    v_if="qpu_monitor_sample_info",
                    type="info",
                    variant="tonal",
                    density="compact",
                    children=["{{ qpu_monitor_sample_info }}"],
                    classes="mb-1",
                    style="white-space: pre-line;",
                )

            # Statevector Estimator monitor options (supports multiple fields and positions)
            with vuetify3.VContainer(v_if="backend_type === 'Simulator' && selected_simulator === 'Statevector Estimator'", classes="pa-0 mt-2"):
                with vuetify3.VRow(dense=True, classes="mb-1 align-center"):
                    with vuetify3.VCol(cols=4, sm=3, md=3):
                        vuetify3.VSelect(
                            label="Field",
                            v_model=("qpu_field_components", "Ez"),
                            items=("qpu_field_options", ["All", "Ez", "Hx", "Hy"]),
                            density="compact",
                            color="primary",
                            hide_details=True,
                            style="max-width: 160px;",
                        )
                    with vuetify3.VCol(cols=8, sm=9, md=9):
                        vuetify3.VTextField(
                            label="Sample position(s) (x, y) in [0,1]",
                            v_model=("qpu_monitor_samples", "(0.5, 0.5)"),
                            density="compact",
                            color="primary",
                            hide_details=True,
                            style="max-width: 320px;",
                        )
                vuetify3.VAlert(
                    v_if="qpu_monitor_sample_info",
                    type="info",
                    variant="tonal",
                    density="compact",
                    children=["{{ qpu_monitor_sample_info }}"],
                    classes="mb-1",
                    style="white-space: pre-line;",
                )


def _build_job_upload_card():
    """Build the Job Result Upload card for loading previously saved QPU results."""
    with vuetify3.VCard(classes="mb-1", style="font-size: 0.8rem;"):
        with vuetify3.VCardTitle("Upload Results", classes="text-subtitle-1 text-primary", style="font-size: 0.9rem; padding: 6px 10px;"):
            pass
        with vuetify3.VCardText(classes="py-1 px-2"):
            trame_html.Div(
                "Retrieve completed job results from IBM or IonQ using the Job ID",
                classes="text-caption text-medium-emphasis mb-2",
            )

            # Platform selector
            with vuetify3.VTooltip(location="top"):
                with vuetify3.Template(v_slot_activator="{ props }"):
                    vuetify3.VSelect(
                        v_bind="props",
                        label="Platform",
                        v_model=("em_job_platform", "IBM"),
                        items=("['IBM', 'IonQ']",),
                        density="compact",
                        hide_details=True,
                        color="primary",
                        classes="mb-2",
                        prepend_icon="mdi-chip",
                    )
                trame_html.Span("Select the quantum hardware provider (IBM or IonQ)")

            # Job ID input
            with vuetify3.VTooltip(location="top"):
                with vuetify3.Template(v_slot_activator="{ props }"):
                    vuetify3.VTextField(
                        v_bind="props",
                        label="Job ID",
                        v_model=("em_job_id", ""),
                        density="compact",
                        hide_details=True,
                        color="primary",
                        classes="mb-2",
                        placeholder="e.g., 019b368e-6e22-7525-8512-fd16e0503673",
                        prepend_icon="mdi-identifier",
                    )
                trame_html.Span("Enter the Job ID (UUID format from IBM or IonQ)")

            # Field / monitor / time parameters
            with vuetify3.VRow(dense=True, classes="mb-2"):
                with vuetify3.VCol(cols=6):
                    with vuetify3.VTooltip(location="top"):
                        with vuetify3.Template(v_slot_activator="{ props }"):
                            vuetify3.VSelect(
                                v_bind="props",
                                label="Field Type",
                                v_model=("em_job_field_type", "Ez"),
                                items=("['Ez', 'Hx', 'Hy']",),
                                density="compact",
                                hide_details=True,
                                color="primary",
                            )
                        trame_html.Span("Select which field component to plot (Ez, Hx, Hy)")
                with vuetify3.VCol(cols=6):
                    with vuetify3.VTooltip(location="top"):
                        with vuetify3.Template(v_slot_activator="{ props }"):
                            vuetify3.VTextField(
                                v_bind="props",
                                label="Monitor Point (x, y)",
                                v_model=("em_job_monitor_point", "(0, 0)"),
                                density="compact",
                                hide_details=True,
                                color="primary",
                                placeholder="(x, y)",
                            )
                        trame_html.Span("Integer grid indices of the monitor point")

            with vuetify3.VRow(dense=True, classes="mb-2"):
                with vuetify3.VCol(cols=4):
                    with vuetify3.VTooltip(location="top"):
                        with vuetify3.Template(v_slot_activator="{ props }"):
                            vuetify3.VTextField(
                                v_bind="props",
                                label="Total Time (T)",
                                v_model=("em_job_total_time", 1.0),
                                type="number",
                                density="compact",
                                hide_details=True,
                                color="primary",
                            )
                        trame_html.Span("Total simulation time")
                with vuetify3.VCol(cols=4):
                    with vuetify3.VTooltip(location="top"):
                        with vuetify3.Template(v_slot_activator="{ props }"):
                            vuetify3.VTextField(
                                v_bind="props",
                                label="Snapshot Δt",
                                v_model=("em_job_snapshot_dt", 0.1),
                                type="number",
                                density="compact",
                                hide_details=True,
                                color="primary",
                            )
                        trame_html.Span("Time between snapshots")
                with vuetify3.VCol(cols=4):
                    with vuetify3.VTooltip(location="top"):
                        with vuetify3.Template(v_slot_activator="{ props }"):
                            vuetify3.VTextField(
                                v_bind="props",
                                label="No. of Points per Direction",
                                v_model=("em_job_nx", 4),
                                type="number",
                                density="compact",
                                hide_details=True,
                                color="primary",
                            )
                        trame_html.Span("Grid dimension nx (grid is nx × nx)")

            vuetify3.VBtn(
                text="Retrieve & Generate Plot",
                color="secondary",
                variant="tonal",
                block=True,
                disabled=("!em_job_id || em_job_is_processing", True),
                loading=("em_job_is_processing", False),
                click=process_uploaded_em_job_result,
                prepend_icon="mdi-chart-box-outline",
                classes="mb-2",
            )
            
            # Success message
            vuetify3.VAlert(
                v_if="em_job_upload_success",
                type="success",
                variant="tonal",
                density="compact",
                closable=True,
                children=["{{ em_job_upload_success }}"],
                classes="mt-2",
            )
            
            # Error message
            vuetify3.VAlert(
                v_if="em_job_upload_error",
                type="error",
                variant="tonal",
                density="compact",
                closable=True,
                children=["{{ em_job_upload_error }}"],
                classes="mt-2",
            )


def _build_run_buttons():
    """Build the Run and Stop buttons row."""
    with vuetify3.VRow(dense=True, classes="mb-2"):
        with vuetify3.VCol(cols=9):
            with vuetify3.VTooltip("Starts the quantum simulation with the specified parameters.", location="bottom", color="primary"):
                with vuetify3.Template(v_slot_activator="{ props }"):
                    vuetify3.VBtn(
                        v_bind="props",
                        text=("run_button_text", "RUN!"),
                        click=run_simulation_only,
                        color="primary",
                        block=True,
                        disabled=("is_running || run_button_text === 'Successful!' || !geometry_selection || !dist_type || !!temporal_warning || nx === null || !backend_type", False),
                    )
        with vuetify3.VCol(cols=3):
            with vuetify3.VTooltip("Stop the running simulation", location="bottom", color="primary"):
                with vuetify3.Template(v_slot_activator="{ props }"):
                    vuetify3.VBtn(
                        v_bind="props",
                        text="Stop",
                        click=stop_simulation_handler,
                        color="error",
                        block=True,
                        disabled=("stop_button_disabled", True),
                    )


def _build_reset_button():
    """Build the Reset button."""
    with trame_html.Div(style="flex: 0 0 auto;"):
        with vuetify3.VTooltip("Reset all parameters to their default values", location="bottom", color="primary"):
            with vuetify3.Template(v_slot_activator="{ props }"):
                vuetify3.VBtn(
                    v_bind="props",
                    text="Reset",
                    click=reset_to_defaults,
                    color="secondary",
                    block=True,
                )


def _build_output_config_card():
    """Build the Output Configuration card (appears after simulation, not for QPU)."""
    with vuetify3.VCard(v_if="simulation_has_run && backend_type !== 'QPU' && !(backend_type === 'Simulator' && selected_simulator === 'Statevector Estimator')", classes="mb-1", style="font-size: 0.8rem;"):
        with vuetify3.VCardSubtitle("Output Configuration", classes="text-subtitle-1 text-primary", style="font-size: 0.9rem; padding: 6px 10px; font-weight: 600; color: #1A1A1A;"):
            with vuetify3.VCardText(classes="py-1 px-2", style="color: #1A1A1A;"):
                with vuetify3.VRadioGroup(v_model=("output_type", "Surface Plot"), row=True, density="compact", color="primary"):
                    vuetify3.VRadio(label="Surface", value="Surface Plot", style="font-weight: 500;")
                    vuetify3.VRadio(label="Time Series", value="Time Series Plot", style="font-weight: 500;")
                
                # Surface Plot options
                with vuetify3.VContainer(v_if="output_type === 'Surface Plot'", classes="pa-0"):
                    vuetify3.VSelect(v_model=("surface_field", "Ez"), items=("surface_field_options", ["Ez", "Hx", "Hy"]), label="Field Component", density="compact", color="primary", style="font-weight: 500;")
                    with vuetify3.VMenu(open_on_hover=True, close_on_content_click=True, location="end"):
                        with vuetify3.Template(v_slot_activator="{ props }"):
                            vuetify3.VBtn(v_bind="props", text="DOWNLOAD", color="primary", variant="tonal", block=True, classes="mt-1")
                        with vuetify3.VList(density="compact"):
                            vuetify3.VListSubheader("VTK")
                            vuetify3.VListItem(title="Current frame (VTK)", prepend_icon="mdi-download", click=export_vtk)
                            vuetify3.VListItem(title="All frames (VTK sequence)", prepend_icon="mdi-download-multiple", click=export_vtk_all_frames)
                            vuetify3.VDivider()
                            vuetify3.VListItem(title="Animation (MP4)", prepend_icon="mdi-movie", click=export_mp4)
                
                # Time Series options
                with vuetify3.VContainer(v_if="output_type === 'Time Series Plot'", classes="pa-0"):
                    vuetify3.VSelect(v_model=("timeseries_field", "Ez"), items=("timeseries_field_options", ["All", "Ez", "Hx", "Hy"]), label="Field Component", density="compact", color="primary", style="font-weight: 500;")
                    vuetify3.VTextarea(
                        v_model=("timeseries_points", "(0.5, 0.5)"),
                        label="Monitor Position(s) (x, y) in [0,1]",
                        hint="e.g., (0.50, 0.50) or multiple comma-separated pairs",
                        rows=2,
                        auto_grow=True,
                        color="primary",
                        style="font-weight: 500;",
                    )
                    vuetify3.VAlert(
                        v_if="timeseries_point_info",
                        type="info",
                        variant="tonal",
                        density="compact",
                        children=["{{ timeseries_point_info }}"],
                        classes="mt-1",
                        style="white-space: pre-line;",
                    )
                    with vuetify3.VMenu(open_on_hover=True, close_on_content_click=True, location="end"):
                        with vuetify3.Template(v_slot_activator="{ props }"):
                            vuetify3.VBtn(v_bind="props", text="DOWNLOAD", color="primary", variant="tonal", block=True, classes="mt-1")
                        with vuetify3.VList(density="compact"):
                            vuetify3.VListItem(title="Download CSV", prepend_icon="mdi-download", click=export_sim_timeseries_csv)
                            vuetify3.VListItem(title="Download PNG", prepend_icon="mdi-image", click=export_sim_timeseries_png)
                            vuetify3.VListItem(title="Download HTML", prepend_icon="mdi-file-html", click=export_sim_timeseries_html)


def _build_main_plot_area():
    """Build the main plot area (PyVista for Simulator)."""
    with vuetify3.VCard(
        v_if="geometry_selection && ((backend_type !== 'QPU' && !(backend_type === 'Simulator' && selected_simulator === 'Statevector Estimator')) || !qpu_ts_ready) && !(is_running && (backend_type === 'QPU' || (backend_type === 'Simulator' && selected_simulator === 'Statevector Estimator')))",
        classes="mb-1 flex-grow-1 d-flex flex-column",
        style="min-height: 0;",
    ):
        # Running indicator
        with vuetify3.VContainer(v_if="is_running", fluid=True, classes="fill-height d-flex flex-column align-center justify-center"):
            vuetify3.VProgressCircular(indeterminate=True, size=64, color="primary")
            vuetify3.VCardSubtitle("Running simulation...", classes="mt-4")
        
        # Geometry preview (no excitation selected yet)
        with vuetify3.VContainer(
            v_if="!is_running && geometry_selection && !dist_type",
            fluid=True,
            classes="pa-0 flex-grow-1 d-flex align-center justify-center",
            style="width: 100%; min-height: 560px;",
        ):
            geometry_preview_widget = plotly_widgets.Figure(
                figure=_build_geometry_placeholder("Select a geometry to preview."),
                responsive=True,
                style="width: 100%; height: 100%;",
            )
            ctrl.geometry_preview_update = geometry_preview_widget.update
        
        # Excitation preview (before simulation runs)
        with vuetify3.VContainer(
            v_if="!is_running && dist_type && !simulation_has_run",
            fluid=True,
            classes="pa-0 flex-grow-1 d-flex align-center justify-center",
            style="width: 100%; min-height: 580px;",
        ):
            excitation_preview_widget = plotly_widgets.Figure(
                figure=_build_excitation_placeholder("Select an excitation to preview."),
                responsive=True,
                style="width: 100%; height: 100%;",
            )
            ctrl.excitation_preview_update = excitation_preview_widget.update
        
        # Surface Plot: PyVista view
        with vuetify3.VContainer(v_if="!is_running && simulation_has_run && output_type === 'Surface Plot'", fluid=True, classes="pa-0", style=("pyvista_view_style", "aspect-ratio: 1 / 1; width: 100%;")):
            view = plotter_ui(plotter)
            ctrl.view_update = view.update
        
        # Time Series: Plotly figure
        with vuetify3.VContainer(v_if="!is_running && simulation_has_run && output_type === 'Time Series Plot'", fluid=True, classes="d-flex align-center justify-center pa-2", style="overflow: hidden;"):
            sim_ts = plotly_widgets.Figure(
                figure=go.Figure(layout=dict(width=900, height=660)),
                responsive=False,
                style="width: 900px; height: 660px;",
            )
            ctrl.sim_ts_update = sim_ts.update
        
        # Time slider for surface plot
        with vuetify3.VContainer(v_if="simulation_has_run && output_type === 'Surface Plot' && backend_type !== 'QPU' && !(backend_type === 'Simulator' && selected_simulator === 'Statevector Estimator')", fluid=True, classes="pa-0 mt-2"):
            vuetify3.VSlider(v_model=("time_val", 0.0), label="Time", min=0, max=("T", 10.0), step=("dt_user", 0.1), thumb_label="always", density="compact", color="primary")


def _build_qpu_plot_area():
    """Build the QPU plot area (Plotly time series)."""
    with vuetify3.VCard(v_if="geometry_selection && (backend_type === 'QPU' || (backend_type === 'Simulator' && selected_simulator === 'Statevector Estimator')) && (is_running || qpu_ts_ready)", classes="flex-grow-1", style="min-height: 0;"):
        # Running indicator
        with vuetify3.VContainer(v_if="is_running", fluid=True, classes="fill-height d-flex flex-column align-center justify-center"):
            vuetify3.VProgressCircular(indeterminate=True, size=64, color="primary")
            vuetify3.VCardSubtitle("Running {{ backend_type === 'QPU' ? selected_qpu : selected_simulator }}...", classes="mt-4")
        
        # QPU timeseries with toolbar
        with vuetify3.VContainer(v_if="!is_running && qpu_ts_ready", fluid=True, classes="pa-2"):
            with vuetify3.VToolbar(density="compact", flat=True, color="transparent", classes="px-0"):
                vuetify3.VSelect(
                    label="Component",
                    v_model=("qpu_plot_filter", "All"),
                    items=("qpu_plot_field_options", ["All"]),
                    density="compact",
                    color="primary",
                    hide_details=True,
                    style="max-width: 180px; margin-right: 8px;",
                    disabled=("!qpu_ts_ready", True),
                    update_modelValue=(ctrl.qpu_set_plot_filter, "[$event]")
                )
                vuetify3.VSelect(
                    label="Position",
                    v_model=("qpu_plot_position_filter", "All positions"),
                    items=("qpu_plot_position_options", ["All positions"]),
                    density="compact",
                    color="primary",
                    hide_details=True,
                    style="max-width: 200px; margin-right: 8px;",
                    disabled=("!qpu_ts_ready", True),
                    update_modelValue=(ctrl.qpu_set_plot_position_filter, "[$event]")
                )
                vuetify3.VSpacer()
                vuetify3.VBtn(
                    text="Clear Selection",
                    color="secondary",
                    variant="text",
                    click=ctrl.on_qpu_ts_clear,
                    disabled=("!qpu_ts_ready", True),
                )
                with vuetify3.VMenu(open_on_hover=True, close_on_content_click=True, location="end", offset=8):
                    with vuetify3.Template(v_slot_activator="{ props }"):
                        vuetify3.VBtn(
                            v_bind="props",
                            text="DOWNLOAD",
                            color="primary",
                            variant="tonal",
                            disabled=("!qpu_ts_ready", True),
                        )
                    with vuetify3.VList(density="compact"):
                        vuetify3.VListItem(title="Download CSV", prepend_icon="mdi-download", click=export_qpu_timeseries_csv, disabled=("!qpu_ts_ready", True))
                        vuetify3.VListItem(title="Download PNG", prepend_icon="mdi-image", click=export_qpu_timeseries_png, disabled=("!qpu_ts_ready", True))
                        vuetify3.VListItem(title="Download HTML", prepend_icon="mdi-file-html", click=export_qpu_timeseries_html, disabled=("!qpu_ts_ready", True))
            
            trame_html.Div(style="height: 6px;")
            
            # Plotly figure for QPU timeseries
            qpu_ts_widget = plotly_widgets.Figure(
                figure=go.Figure(layout=dict(width=900, height=660)),
                responsive=False,
                style=("qpu_plot_style", "display: none; width: 900px; height: 660px; margin: 0 auto;"),
                click=ctrl.on_qpu_ts_click,
            )
            ctrl.qpu_ts_update = qpu_ts_widget.update


def _build_no_geometry_placeholder():
    """Build placeholder when no geometry is selected."""
    with vuetify3.VContainer(v_if="!geometry_selection", fluid=True, classes="flex-grow-1 d-flex align-center justify-center text-medium-emphasis"):
        vuetify3.VCardText("Select a geometry to display the preview and results.")


def _build_status_console():
    """Build the Status/Console card."""
    with vuetify3.VCard(classes="mt-2", style="font-size: 0.8rem;"):
        with vuetify3.VCardTitle("Status", classes="text-subtitle-1 text-primary", style="font-size: 0.9rem; padding: 6px 10px;"):
            pass
        with vuetify3.VCardText(classes="py-1 px-2", style="height: 150px; overflow-y: auto; background-color: #f5f5f5; font-family: monospace;"):
            vuetify3.VTextarea(
                v_model=("console_output", ""),
                readonly=True,
                auto_grow=False,
                rows=6,
                variant="plain",
                hide_details=True,
                style="font-family: monospace; width: 100%; height: 100%;"
            )


def _build_status_window():
    """Build the floating status window (bottom right)."""
    with vuetify3.VCard(
        v_if="status_visible",
        style="position: fixed; bottom: 16px; right: 16px; z-index: 1000; min-width: 320px; max-width: 450px;",
        elevation=8
    ):
        with vuetify3.VCardTitle(classes="d-flex align-center", style="font-size: 0.95rem; padding: 8px 12px;"):
            vuetify3.VIcon("mdi-information-outline", size="small", classes="mr-2")
            trame_html.Span("Simulation Status")
            vuetify3.VSpacer()
            vuetify3.VBtn(
                icon="mdi-close",
                size="x-small",
                variant="text",
                click="status_visible = false"
            )
        vuetify3.VDivider()
        with vuetify3.VCardText(classes="py-2 px-3"):
            vuetify3.VAlert(
                type=("status_type", "info"),
                variant="tonal",
                density="compact",
                children=["{{ status_message }}"]
            )
            with vuetify3.VContainer(v_if="show_progress", classes="pa-0 mt-2"):
                vuetify3.VProgressLinear(
                    model_value=("simulation_progress", 0),
                    color="primary",
                    height=6,
                    striped=True
                )
                trame_html.Div(
                    "{{ simulation_progress }}% complete",
                    classes="text-caption text-center mt-1",
                    style="font-size: 0.75rem;"
                )