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"""
Agent Communication module for the A2A Protocol Layer.
This module implements the Agent-to-Agent (A2A) protocol for enabling
communication and collaboration between multiple AI agents.
"""
import asyncio
import json
import logging
import time
import uuid
from typing import Dict, List, Any, Optional, Union, Callable
import aiohttp
import httpx
# Configure logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class A2AProtocol:
"""
Implements the Agent-to-Agent (A2A) protocol.
This class manages communication between AI agents, enabling task delegation,
coordination, and information exchange for complex multi-agent workflows.
"""
def __init__(self):
"""Initialize the A2AProtocol."""
self.agent_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
self.agent_name = "Browser Agent"
self.agent_capabilities = [
"web_browsing",
"form_filling",
"data_extraction",
"api_calling",
"content_analysis"
]
self.known_agents = {} # agent_id -> agent_info
self.active_conversations = {} # conversation_id -> conversation_data
self.pending_requests = {} # request_id -> future
self.session = None
self.message_handlers = []
logger.info("A2AProtocol instance created")
async def initialize(self, agent_name: str = None, capabilities: List[str] = None):
"""
Initialize the A2A protocol.
Args:
agent_name: Optional custom name for this agent
capabilities: Optional list of agent capabilities
Returns:
bool: True if initialization was successful
"""
try:
self.session = aiohttp.ClientSession(
headers={
"Content-Type": "application/json",
"User-Agent": f"A2A-Protocol/2025 {self.agent_name}"
}
)
if agent_name:
self.agent_name = agent_name
if capabilities:
self.agent_capabilities = capabilities
# Register default message handlers
self._register_default_handlers()
logger.info(f"A2A Protocol initialized for agent {self.agent_name} ({self.agent_id})")
return True
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Error initializing A2A Protocol: {str(e)}")
return False
async def register_with_directory(self, directory_url: str) -> bool:
"""
Register this agent with a central agent directory.
Args:
directory_url: URL of the agent directory service
Returns:
bool: True if registration was successful
"""
try:
registration_data = {
"agent_id": self.agent_id,
"agent_name": self.agent_name,
"capabilities": self.agent_capabilities,
"status": "online",
"version": "1.0.0",
"protocol_version": "A2A-2025",
"timestamp": time.time()
}
async with self.session.post(
f"{directory_url}/register",
json=registration_data
) as response:
if response.status == 200:
data = await response.json()
logger.info(f"Successfully registered with agent directory: {data.get('message', 'OK')}")
return True
else:
logger.error(f"Failed to register with agent directory. Status: {response.status}")
return False
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Error registering with agent directory: {str(e)}")
return False
async def discover_agents(self, directory_url: str, capabilities: List[str] = None) -> List[Dict]:
"""
Discover other agents with specific capabilities.
Args:
directory_url: URL of the agent directory service
capabilities: Optional list of required capabilities to filter by
Returns:
List[Dict]: List of discovered agents
"""
try:
params = {}
if capabilities:
params["capabilities"] = ",".join(capabilities)
async with self.session.get(
f"{directory_url}/discover",
params=params
) as response:
if response.status == 200:
data = await response.json()
agents = data.get("agents", [])
# Update known agents
for agent in agents:
agent_id = agent.get("agent_id")
if agent_id and agent_id != self.agent_id:
self.known_agents[agent_id] = agent
logger.info(f"Discovered {len(agents)} agents")
return agents
else:
logger.error(f"Failed to discover agents. Status: {response.status}")
return []
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Error discovering agents: {str(e)}")
return []
async def send_message(self, recipient_id: str, message_type: str, content: Dict, conversation_id: str = None) -> Dict:
"""
Send a message to another agent.
Args:
recipient_id: ID of the recipient agent
message_type: Type of message (e.g., 'request', 'response', 'update')
content: Message content
conversation_id: Optional ID for an ongoing conversation
Returns:
Dict: Message receipt confirmation
"""
try:
# Create a new conversation if not provided
if not conversation_id:
conversation_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
self.active_conversations[conversation_id] = {
"start_time": time.time(),
"participants": [self.agent_id, recipient_id],
"messages": []
}
# Create message
message = {
"message_id": str(uuid.uuid4()),
"conversation_id": conversation_id,
"sender_id": self.agent_id,
"sender_name": self.agent_name,
"recipient_id": recipient_id,
"message_type": message_type,
"content": content,
"timestamp": time.time(),
"protocol_version": "A2A-2025"
}
# Store in conversation history
if conversation_id in self.active_conversations:
self.active_conversations[conversation_id]["messages"].append(message)
# Get recipient endpoint
recipient = self.known_agents.get(recipient_id)
if not recipient or "endpoint" not in recipient:
raise ValueError(f"Unknown recipient or missing endpoint: {recipient_id}")
# Send message to recipient
async with self.session.post(
f"{recipient['endpoint']}/receive",
json=message
) as response:
if response.status == 200:
data = await response.json()
logger.info(f"Message sent successfully to {recipient_id}: {message_type}")
return {
"success": True,
"message_id": message["message_id"],
"conversation_id": conversation_id,
"receipt": data
}
else:
error_text = await response.text()
logger.error(f"Failed to send message to {recipient_id}. Status: {response.status}, Error: {error_text}")
return {
"success": False,
"error": f"Failed to send message. Status: {response.status}"
}
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Error sending message to {recipient_id}: {str(e)}")
return {
"success": False,
"error": str(e)
}
async def request_task(self, recipient_id: str, task_description: str, parameters: Dict = None, timeout: int = 60) -> Dict:
"""
Request another agent to perform a task.
Args:
recipient_id: ID of the recipient agent
task_description: Description of the requested task
parameters: Optional parameters for the task
timeout: Timeout in seconds for the request
Returns:
Dict: Task result or error
"""
try:
# Create a unique request ID
request_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
# Create a future for the response
future = asyncio.get_event_loop().create_future()
self.pending_requests[request_id] = future
# Create the task request message
content = {
"request_id": request_id,
"task_description": task_description,
"parameters": parameters or {},
"response_required": True,
"timeout_seconds": timeout
}
# Send the request
result = await self.send_message(recipient_id, "task_request", content)
if not result.get("success", False):
# Failed to send request
if request_id in self.pending_requests:
del self.pending_requests[request_id]
return {
"success": False,
"error": result.get("error", "Failed to send task request")
}
# Wait for response with timeout
try:
response = await asyncio.wait_for(future, timeout=timeout)
return {
"success": True,
"request_id": request_id,
"response": response
}
except asyncio.TimeoutError:
# Request timed out
if request_id in self.pending_requests:
del self.pending_requests[request_id]
return {
"success": False,
"error": f"Request timed out after {timeout} seconds"
}
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Error requesting task from {recipient_id}: {str(e)}")
return {
"success": False,
"error": str(e)
}
async def handle_incoming_message(self, message: Dict) -> Dict:
"""
Handle an incoming message from another agent.
Args:
message: Incoming message data
Returns:
Dict: Response data
"""
try:
# Validate message format
if not self._validate_message(message):
return {
"success": False,
"error": "Invalid message format"
}
# Store in conversation history
conversation_id = message.get("conversation_id")
if conversation_id not in self.active_conversations:
self.active_conversations[conversation_id] = {
"start_time": time.time(),
"participants": [message.get("sender_id"), self.agent_id],
"messages": []
}
self.active_conversations[conversation_id]["messages"].append(message)
# Process message based on type
message_type = message.get("message_type", "").lower()
content = message.get("content", {})
# Find handler for message type
for handler in self.message_handlers:
if handler["type"] == message_type:
return await handler["handler"](message, content)
# Default handler if no specific handler found
logger.warning(f"No handler for message type: {message_type}")
return {
"success": True,
"message": "Message received but not processed",
"handled": False
}
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Error handling incoming message: {str(e)}")
return {
"success": False,
"error": str(e)
}
async def respond_to_task(self, request_id: str, result: Dict, conversation_id: str, recipient_id: str) -> Dict:
"""
Respond to a task request from another agent.
Args:
request_id: Original request ID
result: Task execution result
conversation_id: Ongoing conversation ID
recipient_id: ID of the requesting agent
Returns:
Dict: Response status
"""
content = {
"request_id": request_id,
"result": result,
"timestamp": time.time()
}
return await self.send_message(recipient_id, "task_response", content, conversation_id)
def register_message_handler(self, message_type: str, handler: Callable[[Dict, Dict], Dict]) -> bool:
"""
Register a handler for a specific message type.
Args:
message_type: Type of messages to handle
handler: Async function to handle messages of this type
Returns:
bool: True if registration was successful
"""
# Check for existing handler of the same type
for existing in self.message_handlers:
if existing["type"] == message_type:
# Update existing handler
existing["handler"] = handler
logger.info(f"Updated handler for message type: {message_type}")
return True
# Add new handler
self.message_handlers.append({
"type": message_type,
"handler": handler
})
logger.info(f"Registered new handler for message type: {message_type}")
return True
def _validate_message(self, message: Dict) -> bool:
"""
Validate the format of an incoming message.
Args:
message: Message to validate
Returns:
bool: True if valid, False otherwise
"""
required_fields = ["message_id", "conversation_id", "sender_id", "message_type", "content"]
for field in required_fields:
if field not in message:
logger.error(f"Missing required field in message: {field}")
return False
return True
async def _handle_task_request(self, message: Dict, content: Dict) -> Dict:
"""
Handle a task request from another agent.
Args:
message: Full message data
content: Message content
Returns:
Dict: Response data
"""
# This would typically delegate to the appropriate handler based on task type
# For now, we'll just acknowledge receipt
return {
"success": True,
"message": "Task request acknowledged",
"request_id": content.get("request_id")
}
async def _handle_task_response(self, message: Dict, content: Dict) -> Dict:
"""
Handle a task response from another agent.
Args:
message: Full message data
content: Message content
Returns:
Dict: Response data
"""
request_id = content.get("request_id")
# Check if we have a pending request with this ID
if request_id in self.pending_requests:
future = self.pending_requests[request_id]
if not future.done():
# Resolve the future with the response
future.set_result(content.get("result"))
# Clean up
del self.pending_requests[request_id]
return {
"success": True,
"message": "Task response processed"
}
else:
logger.warning(f"Received response for unknown request: {request_id}")
return {
"success": True,
"message": "No pending request found for this ID",
"request_id": request_id
}
def _register_default_handlers(self):
"""Register default message handlers."""
self.register_message_handler("task_request", self._handle_task_request)
self.register_message_handler("task_response", self._handle_task_response)
# Other default handlers could be registered here
async def get_conversation_history(self, conversation_id: str) -> Dict:
"""
Get the history of a conversation.
Args:
conversation_id: ID of the conversation
Returns:
Dict: Conversation data
"""
if conversation_id in self.active_conversations:
return {
"success": True,
"conversation": self.active_conversations[conversation_id]
}
else:
return {
"success": False,
"error": f"Conversation not found: {conversation_id}"
}
async def shutdown(self):
"""Clean up resources."""
if self.session:
await self.session.close()
logger.info("A2A Protocol resources cleaned up")
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