Create hourlheck.py

hourlheck.py

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+import pandas as pd
+import numpy as np
+import pulp as pl
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+import gradio as gr
+from itertools import product
+import io
+import base64
+import tempfile
+import os
+from datetime import datetime
+
+def am_pm(hour):
+    """Converts 24-hour time to AM/PM format."""
+    period = "AM"
+    if hour >= 12:
+        period = "PM"
+    if hour > 12:
+        hour -= 12
+    elif hour == 0:
+        hour = 12  # Midnight
+    return f"{int(hour):02d}:00 {period}"
+
+def show_dataframe(csv_path):
+    """Reads a CSV file and returns a Pandas DataFrame."""
+    try:
+        df = pd.read_csv(csv_path)
+        return df
+    except Exception as e:
+        return f"Error loading CSV: {e}"
+
+def optimize_staffing(
+    csv_file,
+    beds_per_staff,
+    max_hours_per_staff,  # This will now be interpreted as hours per 28-day period
+    hours_per_cycle,
+    rest_days_per_week,
+    clinic_start,
+    clinic_end,
+    overlap_time,
+    max_start_time_change,
+    exact_staff_count=None,
+    overtime_percent=100
+):
+    # Load data
+    try:
+        if isinstance(csv_file, str):
+            # Handle the case when a filepath is passed directly
+            data = pd.read_csv(csv_file)
+        else:
+            # Handle the case when file object is uploaded through Gradio
+            data = pd.read_csv(io.StringIO(csv_file.decode('utf-8')))
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"Error loading CSV file: {e}")
+        return f"Error loading CSV file: {e}", None, None, None, None
+    
+    # Rename the index column if necessary
+    if data.columns[0] not in ['day', 'Day', 'DAY']:
+        data = data.rename(columns={data.columns[0]: 'day'})
+    
+    # Fill missing values
+    for col in data.columns:
+        if col.startswith('cycle'):
+            data[col] = data[col].fillna(0)
+    
+    # Calculate clinic hours
+    if clinic_end < clinic_start:
+        clinic_hours = 24 - clinic_start + clinic_end
+    else:
+        clinic_hours = clinic_end - clinic_start
+    
+    # Get number of days in the dataset
+    num_days = len(data)
+    
+    # Parameters
+    BEDS_PER_STAFF = float(beds_per_staff)
+    STANDARD_PERIOD_DAYS = 30  # Standard 4-week period
+    
+    # Scale MAX_HOURS_PER_STAFF based on the ratio of actual days to standard period
+    BASE_MAX_HOURS = float(max_hours_per_staff)  # This is for a 28-day period
+    MAX_HOURS_PER_STAFF = BASE_MAX_HOURS * (num_days / STANDARD_PERIOD_DAYS)
+    
+    # Log the adjustment for transparency
+    original_results = f"Input max hours per staff (28-day period): {BASE_MAX_HOURS}\n"
+    original_results += f"Adjusted max hours for {num_days}-day period: {MAX_HOURS_PER_STAFF:.1f}\n\n"
+    
+    HOURS_PER_CYCLE = float(hours_per_cycle)
+    REST_DAYS_PER_WEEK = int(rest_days_per_week)
+    SHIFT_TYPES = [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]  # More flexible shift types from 3 to 12 hours
+    OVERLAP_TIME = float(overlap_time)
+    CLINIC_START = int(clinic_start)
+    CLINIC_END = int(clinic_end)
+    CLINIC_HOURS = clinic_hours
+    MAX_START_TIME_CHANGE = int(max_start_time_change)
+    OVERTIME_ALLOWED = 1 + (overtime_percent / 100)  # Convert percentage to multiplier
+    
+    # Calculate staff needed per cycle (beds/BEDS_PER_STAFF, rounded up)
+    for col in data.columns:
+        if col.startswith('cycle') and not col.endswith('_staff'):
+            data[f'{col}_staff'] = np.ceil(data[col] / BEDS_PER_STAFF)
+    
+    # Get cycle names and number of cycles
+    cycle_cols = [col for col in data.columns if col.startswith('cycle') and not col.endswith('_staff')]
+    num_cycles = len(cycle_cols)
+    
+    # Define cycle times
+    cycle_times = {}
+    for i, cycle in enumerate(cycle_cols):
+        cycle_start = (CLINIC_START + i * HOURS_PER_CYCLE) % 24
+        cycle_end = (CLINIC_START + (i + 1) * HOURS_PER_CYCLE) % 24
+        cycle_times[cycle] = (cycle_start, cycle_end)
+    
+    # Get staff requirements
+    max_staff_needed = max([data[f'{cycle}_staff'].max() for cycle in cycle_cols])
+    
+    # Define possible shift start times
+    shift_start_times = list(range(CLINIC_START, CLINIC_START + int(CLINIC_HOURS) - min(SHIFT_TYPES) + 1))
+    
+    # Generate all possible shifts
+    possible_shifts = []
+    for duration in SHIFT_TYPES:
+        for start_time in shift_start_times:
+            end_time = (start_time + duration) % 24
+            
+            # Create a shift with its coverage of cycles
+            shift = {
+                'id': f"{duration}hr_{start_time:02d}",
+                'start': start_time,
+                'end': end_time,
+                'duration': duration,
+                'cycles_covered': set()
+            }
+            
+            # Determine which cycles this shift covers with hourly granularity
+            for cycle, (cycle_start, cycle_end) in cycle_times.items():
+                # Convert to 24-hour range for easier comparison
+                cycle_hours = []
+                
+                # Handle overnight cycles
+                if cycle_end < cycle_start:  # overnight cycle
+                    # Add all hours from cycle_start to midnight
+                    cycle_hours.extend(range(int(cycle_start), 24))
+                    # Add all hours from midnight to cycle_end
+                    cycle_hours.extend(range(0, int(cycle_end)))
+                else:  # normal cycle
+                    # Add all hours from cycle_start to cycle_end
+                    cycle_hours.extend(range(int(cycle_start), int(cycle_end)))
+                
+                # Get shift hours
+                shift_hours = []
+                
+                # Handle overnight shifts
+                if end_time < start_time:  # overnight shift
+                    # Add all hours from start_time to midnight
+                    shift_hours.extend(range(int(start_time), 24))
+                    # Add all hours from midnight to end_time
+                    shift_hours.extend(range(0, int(end_time)))
+                else:  # normal shift
+                    # Add all hours from start_time to end_time
+                    shift_hours.extend(range(int(start_time), int(end_time)))
+                
+                # Check if all cycle hours are covered by the shift
+                if all(hour in shift_hours for hour in cycle_hours):
+                    shift['cycles_covered'].add(cycle)
+            
+            if shift['cycles_covered']:  # Only add shifts that cover at least one cycle
+                possible_shifts.append(shift)
+    
+    # Estimate minimum number of staff needed - more precise calculation
+    total_staff_hours = 0
+    for _, row in data.iterrows():
+        for cycle in cycle_cols:
+            total_staff_hours += row[f'{cycle}_staff'] * HOURS_PER_CYCLE
+    
+    # Calculate theoretical minimum staff with perfect utilization
+    theoretical_min_staff = np.ceil(total_staff_hours / MAX_HOURS_PER_STAFF)
+    
+    # Add a small buffer for rest day constraints
+    min_staff_estimate = np.ceil(theoretical_min_staff * (7 / (7 - REST_DAYS_PER_WEEK)))
+    
+    # Use exact_staff_count if provided, otherwise estimate
+    if exact_staff_count is not None and exact_staff_count > 0:
+        # When exact staff count is provided, only create that many staff in the model
+        estimated_staff = exact_staff_count
+        num_staff_to_create = exact_staff_count  # Only create exactly this many staff
+    else:
+        # Add some buffer for constraints like rest days and shift changes
+        estimated_staff = max(min_staff_estimate, max_staff_needed + 1)
+        num_staff_to_create = int(estimated_staff)  # Create the estimated number of staff
+    
+    def optimize_schedule(num_staff, time_limit=600):
+        try:
+            # Create a binary linear programming model
+            model = pl.LpProblem("Staff_Scheduling", pl.LpMinimize)
+            
+            # Decision variables
+            x = pl.LpVariable.dicts("shift", 
+                                   [(s, d, shift['id']) for s in range(1, num_staff+1) 
+                                                        for d in range(1, num_days+1) 
+                                                        for shift in possible_shifts],
+                                   cat='Binary')
+            
+            # Staff usage variable (1 if staff s is used at all, 0 otherwise)
+            staff_used = pl.LpVariable.dicts("staff_used", range(1, num_staff+1), cat='Binary')
+            
+            # Total hours worked by all staff
+            total_hours = pl.LpVariable("total_hours", lowBound=0)
+            
+            # CRITICAL CHANGE: Remove coverage violation variables - make coverage a hard constraint
+            # CRITICAL CHANGE: Remove overtime variables - make overtime a hard constraint
+            
+            # Objective function now only focuses on minimizing staff count and total hours
+            # Increase the weight on staff count to aggressively minimize staff
+            model += (
+                10**12 * pl.lpSum(staff_used[s] for s in range(1, num_staff+1)) +
+                1 * total_hours
+            )
+            
+            # Link total_hours to the sum of all hours worked
+            model += total_hours == pl.lpSum(x[(s, d, shift['id'])] * shift['duration'] 
+                         for s in range(1, num_staff+1) 
+                         for d in range(1, num_days+1) 
+                         for shift in possible_shifts)
+        
+            # Link staff_used variable with shift assignments
+            for s in range(1, num_staff+1):
+                model += pl.lpSum(x[(s, d, shift['id'])] 
+                                 for d in range(1, num_days+1) 
+                                 for shift in possible_shifts) <= num_days * staff_used[s]
+                
+                # If staff is used, they must work at least one shift
+                model += pl.lpSum(x[(s, d, shift['id'])] 
+                                 for d in range(1, num_days+1) 
+                                 for shift in possible_shifts) >= staff_used[s]
+            
+            # Maintain staff ordering (to avoid symmetrical solutions)
+            for s in range(1, num_staff):
+                model += staff_used[s] >= staff_used[s+1]
+            
+            # Each staff works at most one shift per day
+            for s in range(1, num_staff+1):
+                for d in range(1, num_days+1):
+                    model += pl.lpSum(x[(s, d, shift['id'])] for shift in possible_shifts) <= 1
+        
+            # Rest day constraints (with more flexibility)
+            min_rest_days = max(1, REST_DAYS_PER_WEEK - 1)  # Reduce minimum rest days by 1
+            for s in range(1, num_staff+1):
+                for w in range((num_days + 6) // 7):
+                    week_start = w*7 + 1
+                    week_end = min(week_start + 6, num_days)
+                    days_in_this_week = week_end - week_start + 1
+                    
+                    if days_in_this_week < 7:
+                        adjusted_rest_days = max(1, int(min_rest_days * days_in_this_week / 7))
+                    else:
+                        adjusted_rest_days = min_rest_days
+                    
+                    model += pl.lpSum(x[(s, d, shift['id'])] 
+                                     for d in range(week_start, week_end+1) 
+                                        for shift in possible_shifts) <= days_in_this_week - adjusted_rest_days
+        
+            # HARD CONSTRAINT: Maximum hours per week for each staff - relaxed to allow more flexibility
+            for s in range(1, num_staff+1):
+                for w in range((num_days + 6) // 7):
+                    week_start = w*7 + 1
+                    week_end = min(week_start + 6, num_days)
+                    
+                    # Calculate total hours worked by this staff in this week
+                    weekly_hours = pl.lpSum(x[(s, d, shift['id'])] * shift['duration'] 
+                         for d in range(week_start, week_end+1) 
+                         for shift in possible_shifts)
+                    
+                    # RELAXED constraint: Allow up to 72 hours per week (was 60)
+                    model += weekly_hours <= 72
+        
+            # HARD CONSTRAINT: Full coverage required
+            for d in range(1, num_days+1):
+                day_index = d - 1  # 0-indexed for DataFrame
+                
+                for cycle in cycle_cols:
+                    staff_needed = data.iloc[day_index][f'{cycle}_staff']
+                    
+                    # Get all shifts that cover this cycle
+                    covering_shifts = [shift for shift in possible_shifts if cycle in shift['cycles_covered']]
+                    
+                    # Staff assigned must be at least staff_needed - NO VIOLATIONS ALLOWED
+                    model += (pl.lpSum(x[(s, d, shift['id'])] 
+                                 for s in range(1, num_staff+1) 
+                                     for shift in covering_shifts) >= staff_needed)
+            
+            # Solve with extended time limit
+            solver = pl.PULP_CBC_CMD(timeLimit=time_limit, msg=1, gapRel=0.01)  # Tighter gap for better solutions
+            model.solve(solver)
+            
+            # Check if a feasible solution was found
+            if model.status == pl.LpStatusOptimal or model.status == pl.LpStatusNotSolved:
+                # Extract the solution
+                schedule = []
+                for s in range(1, num_staff+1):
+                    for d in range(1, num_days+1):
+                        for shift in possible_shifts:
+                            if pl.value(x[(s, d, shift['id'])]) == 1:
+                                # Find the shift details
+                                shift_details = next((sh for sh in possible_shifts if sh['id'] == shift['id']), None)
+                                
+                                schedule.append({
+                                    'staff_id': s,
+                                    'day': d,
+                                    'shift_id': shift['id'],
+                                    'start': shift_details['start'],
+                                    'end': shift_details['end'],
+                                    'duration': shift_details['duration'],
+                                    'cycles_covered': list(shift_details['cycles_covered'])
+                                })
+                
+                return schedule, model.objective.value()
+            else:
+                return None, None
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"Error in optimization: {e}")
+            return None, None
+    
+    # Try to solve with estimated number of staff
+    if exact_staff_count is not None and exact_staff_count > 0:
+        # If exact staff count is specified, only try with that count
+        staff_count = int(exact_staff_count)
+        results = f"Using exactly {staff_count} staff as specified...\n"
+        
+        # Try to solve with exactly this many staff
+        schedule, objective = optimize_schedule(staff_count, time_limit=1200)  # Increase time limit
+        
+        if schedule is None:
+            results += f"Failed to find a feasible solution with exactly {staff_count} staff.\n"
+            results += "Try increasing the staff count.\n"
+            return results, None, None, None, None, None
+    else:
+        # Start from theoretical minimum and work up
+        min_staff = max(1, int(theoretical_min_staff))  # Start from theoretical minimum
+        max_staff = int(min_staff_estimate) + 5  # Allow some buffer
+        
+        results = f"Theoretical minimum staff needed: {theoretical_min_staff:.1f}\n"
+        results += f"Searching for minimum staff count starting from {min_staff}...\n"
+        
+        # Try each staff count from min to max
+        for staff_count in range(min_staff, max_staff + 1):
+            results += f"Trying with {staff_count} staff...\n"
+            
+            # Increase time limit for each attempt to give the solver more time
+            time_limit = 600 + (staff_count - min_staff) * 200  # More time for larger staff counts
+            schedule, objective = optimize_schedule(staff_count, time_limit)
+            
+            if schedule is not None:
+                results += f"Found feasible solution with {staff_count} staff.\n"
+                break
+        
+        if schedule is None:
+            results += "Failed to find a feasible solution with the attempted staff counts.\n"
+            results += "Try increasing the staff count manually or relaxing constraints.\n"
+            return results, None, None, None, None, None
+    
+    results += f"Optimal solution found with {staff_count} staff\n"
+    results += f"Total staff hours: {objective}\n"
+    
+    # Convert to DataFrame for analysis
+    schedule_df = pd.DataFrame(schedule)
+    
+    # Analyze staff workload
+    staff_hours = {}
+    for s in range(1, staff_count+1):
+        staff_shifts = schedule_df[schedule_df['staff_id'] == s]
+        total_hours = staff_shifts['duration'].sum()
+        staff_hours[s] = total_hours
+    
+    # After calculating staff hours, filter out staff with 0 hours before displaying
+    active_staff_hours = {s: hours for s, hours in staff_hours.items() if hours > 0}
+    
+    results += "\nStaff Hours:\n"
+    for staff_id, hours in active_staff_hours.items():
+        utilization = (hours / MAX_HOURS_PER_STAFF) * 100
+        results += f"Staff {staff_id}: {hours} hours ({utilization:.1f}% utilization)\n"
+        # Add overtime information
+        if hours > MAX_HOURS_PER_STAFF:
+            overtime = hours - MAX_HOURS_PER_STAFF
+            overtime_percent = (overtime / MAX_HOURS_PER_STAFF) * 100
+            results += f"  Overtime: {overtime:.1f} hours ({overtime_percent:.1f}%)\n"
+    
+    # Use active_staff_hours for average utilization calculation
+    active_staff_count = len(active_staff_hours)
+    avg_utilization = sum(active_staff_hours.values()) / (active_staff_count * MAX_HOURS_PER_STAFF) * 100
+    results += f"\nAverage staff utilization: {avg_utilization:.1f}%\n"
+    
+    # Check coverage for each day and cycle
+    coverage_check = []
+    for d in range(1, num_days+1):
+        day_index = d - 1  # 0-indexed for DataFrame
+        
+        day_schedule = schedule_df[schedule_df['day'] == d]
+        
+        for cycle in cycle_cols:
+            required = data.iloc[day_index][f'{cycle}_staff']
+            
+            # Count staff covering this cycle (must fully cover all hours)
+            assigned = sum(1 for _, shift in day_schedule.iterrows() 
+                          if cycle in shift['cycles_covered'])
+            
+            coverage_check.append({
+                'day': d,
+                'cycle': cycle,
+                'required': required,
+                'assigned': assigned,
+                'satisfied': assigned >= required
+            })
+    
+    coverage_df = pd.DataFrame(coverage_check)
+    satisfaction = coverage_df['satisfied'].mean() * 100
+    results += f"Coverage satisfaction: {satisfaction:.1f}%\n"
+    
+    if satisfaction < 100:
+        results += "Warning: Not all staffing requirements are met!\n"
+        unsatisfied = coverage_df[~coverage_df['satisfied']]
+        results += unsatisfied.to_string() + "\n"
+    
+    # Generate detailed schedule report
+    detailed_schedule = "Detailed Schedule:\n"
+    for d in range(1, num_days+1):
+        day_schedule = schedule_df[schedule_df['day'] == d]
+        day_schedule = day_schedule.sort_values(['start'])
+        
+        detailed_schedule += f"\nDay {d}:\n"
+        for _, shift in day_schedule.iterrows():
+            start_hour = shift['start']
+            end_hour = shift['end']
+
+            start_str = am_pm(start_hour)
+            end_str = am_pm(end_hour)
+
+            cycles = ", ".join(shift['cycles_covered'])
+            detailed_schedule += f"  Staff {shift['staff_id']}: {start_str}-{end_str} ({shift['duration']} hrs), Cycles: {cycles}\n"
+    
+    # Generate schedule visualization
+    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(15, 8))
+    
+    # Prepare schedule for plotting
+    staff_days = {}
+    for s in range(1, staff_count+1):
+        staff_days[s] = [0] * num_days  # 0 means off duty
+    
+    for _, shift in schedule_df.iterrows():
+        staff_id = shift['staff_id']
+        day = shift['day'] - 1  # 0-indexed
+        staff_days[staff_id][day] = shift['duration']
+    
+    # Plot the schedule
+    for s, hours in staff_days.items():
+        ax.bar(range(1, num_days+1), hours, label=f'Staff {s}')
+    
+    ax.set_xlabel('Day')
+    ax.set_ylabel('Shift Hours')
+    ax.set_title('Staff Schedule')
+    ax.set_xticks(range(1, num_days+1))
+    ax.legend()
+    
+    # Save the figure to a temporary file
+    plot_path = None
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix='.png', delete=False) as f:
+        plt.savefig(f.name)
+        plt.close(fig)
+        plot_path = f.name
+    
+    # Create a Gantt chart with advanced visuals and alternating labels - only showing active staff
+    gantt_path = create_gantt_chart(schedule_df, num_days, staff_count)
+
+    # Convert schedule to CSV data
+    schedule_df['start_ampm'] = schedule_df['start'].apply(am_pm)
+    schedule_df['end_ampm'] = schedule_df['end'].apply(am_pm)
+    schedule_csv = schedule_df[['staff_id', 'day', 'start_ampm', 'end_ampm', 'duration', 'cycles_covered']].to_csv(index=False)
+
+    # Create a temporary file and write the CSV data into it
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w', delete=False, suffix=".csv") as temp_file:
+        temp_file.write(schedule_csv)
+        schedule_csv_path = temp_file.name
+
+    # Create staff assignment table
+    staff_assignment_data = []
+    for d in range(1, num_days + 1):
+        cycle_staff = {}
+        for cycle in cycle_cols:
+            # Get staff IDs assigned to this cycle on this day
+            staff_ids = schedule_df[(schedule_df['day'] == d) & (schedule_df['cycles_covered'].apply(lambda x: cycle in x))]['staff_id'].tolist()
+            cycle_staff[cycle] = len(staff_ids)
+        staff_assignment_data.append([d] + [cycle_staff[cycle] for cycle in cycle_cols])
+
+    staff_assignment_df = pd.DataFrame(staff_assignment_data, columns=['Day'] + cycle_cols)
+    
+    # Create CSV files for download
+    staff_assignment_csv_path = None
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w', delete=False, suffix=".csv") as temp_file:
+        staff_assignment_df.to_csv(temp_file.name, index=False)
+        staff_assignment_csv_path = temp_file.name
+    
+    # Return all required values in the correct order
+    return results, staff_assignment_df, gantt_path, schedule_df, plot_path, schedule_csv_path, staff_assignment_csv_path
+
+def convert_to_24h(time_str):
+    """Converts AM/PM time string to 24-hour format."""
+    try:
+        time_obj = datetime.strptime(time_str, "%I:00 %p")
+        return time_obj.hour
+    except ValueError:
+        return None
+
+def gradio_wrapper(
+    csv_file, beds_per_staff, max_hours_per_staff, hours_per_cycle,
+    rest_days_per_week, clinic_start_ampm, clinic_end_ampm, overlap_time, max_start_time_change,
+    exact_staff_count=None, overtime_percent=100
+):
+    try:
+        print("Starting gradio_wrapper function...")
+        print(f"Input parameters: beds_per_staff={beds_per_staff}, max_hours={max_hours_per_staff}, hours_per_cycle={hours_per_cycle}")
+        print(f"Clinic times: {clinic_start_ampm} to {clinic_end_ampm}")
+        
+        # Convert AM/PM times to 24-hour format
+        clinic_start = convert_to_24h(clinic_start_ampm)
+        clinic_end = convert_to_24h(clinic_end_ampm)
+        print(f"Converted clinic times: {clinic_start} to {clinic_end}")
+        
+        # Check if CSV file is provided
+        if csv_file is None:
+            print("Error: No CSV file provided")
+            empty_staff_df = pd.DataFrame(columns=["Day"])
+            return empty_staff_df, None, None, None, None, None
+        
+        # Call the optimization function
+        print("Calling optimize_staffing function...")
+        results, staff_assignment_df, gantt_path, schedule_df, plot_path, schedule_csv_path, staff_assignment_csv_path = optimize_staffing(
+            csv_file, beds_per_staff, max_hours_per_staff, hours_per_cycle,
+            rest_days_per_week, clinic_start, clinic_end, overlap_time, max_start_time_change,
+            exact_staff_count, overtime_percent
+        )
+        
+        print("Optimization completed successfully")
+        # Return the results
+        return staff_assignment_df, gantt_path, schedule_df, plot_path, schedule_csv_path, staff_assignment_csv_path
+    except Exception as e:
+        # If there's an error in the optimization process, return a meaningful error message
+        import traceback
+        print(f"Error during optimization: {str(e)}")
+        print(traceback.format_exc())  # Print the full traceback for debugging
+        empty_staff_df = pd.DataFrame(columns=["Day"])
+        # Return error in the first output
+        return empty_staff_df, None, None, None, None, None
+
+# Create a Gantt chart with advanced visuals and alternating labels - only showing active staff
+def create_gantt_chart(schedule_df, num_days, staff_count):
+    # Get the list of active staff IDs (staff who have at least one shift)
+    active_staff_ids = sorted(schedule_df['staff_id'].unique())
+    active_staff_count = len(active_staff_ids)
+    
+    # Create a mapping from original staff ID to position in the chart
+    staff_position = {staff_id: i+1 for i, staff_id in enumerate(active_staff_ids)}
+    
+    # Create a larger figure with higher DPI
+    plt.figure(figsize=(max(30, num_days * 1.5), max(12, active_staff_count * 0.8)), dpi=200)
+    
+    # Use a more sophisticated color palette - only for active staff
+    colors = plt.cm.viridis(np.linspace(0.1, 0.9, active_staff_count))
+    
+    # Set a modern style
+    plt.style.use('seaborn-v0_8-whitegrid')
+    
+    # Create a new axis with a slight background color
+    ax = plt.gca()
+    ax.set_facecolor('#f8f9fa')
+    
+    # Sort by staff then day
+    schedule_df = schedule_df.sort_values(['staff_id', 'day'])
+    
+    # Plot Gantt chart - only for active staff
+    for i, staff_id in enumerate(active_staff_ids):
+        staff_shifts = schedule_df[schedule_df['staff_id'] == staff_id]
+        
+        y_pos = active_staff_count - i  # Position based on index in active staff list
+        
+        # Add staff label with a background box
+        ax.text(-0.7, y_pos, f"Staff {staff_id}", fontsize=12, fontweight='bold', 
+                ha='right', va='center', bbox=dict(facecolor='white', edgecolor='gray', 
+                                                  boxstyle='round,pad=0.5', alpha=0.9))
+        
+        # Add a subtle background for each staff row
+        ax.axhspan(y_pos-0.4, y_pos+0.4, color='white', alpha=0.4, zorder=-5)
+        
+        # Track shift positions to avoid label overlap
+        shift_positions = []
+        
+        for idx, shift in enumerate(staff_shifts.iterrows()):
+            _, shift = shift
+            day = shift['day']
+            start_hour = shift['start']
+            end_hour = shift['end']
+            duration = shift['duration']
+            
+            # Format times for display
+            start_ampm = am_pm(start_hour)
+            end_ampm = am_pm(end_hour)
+            
+            # Calculate shift position
+            shift_start_pos = day-1+start_hour/24
+            
+            # Handle overnight shifts
+            if end_hour < start_hour:  # Overnight shift
+                # First part of shift (until midnight)
+                rect1 = ax.barh(y_pos, (24-start_hour)/24, left=shift_start_pos, 
+                       height=0.6, color=colors[i], alpha=0.9, 
+                       edgecolor='black', linewidth=1, zorder=10)
+                
+                # Add gradient effect
+                for r in rect1:
+                    r.set_edgecolor('black')
+                    r.set_linewidth(1)
+                
+                # Second part of shift (after midnight)
+                rect2 = ax.barh(y_pos, end_hour/24, left=day, 
+                       height=0.6, color=colors[i], alpha=0.9,
+                       edgecolor='black', linewidth=1, zorder=10)
+                
+                # Add gradient effect
+                for r in rect2:
+                    r.set_edgecolor('black')
+                    r.set_linewidth(1)
+                
+                # For overnight shifts, we'll place the label in the first part if it's long enough
+                shift_width = (24-start_hour)/24
+                if shift_width >= 0.1:  # Only add label if there's enough space
+                    label_pos = shift_start_pos + shift_width/2
+                    
+                    # Alternate labels above and below
+                    y_offset = 0.35 if idx % 2 == 0 else -0.35
+                    
+                    # Add label with background for better readability
+                    label = f"{start_ampm}-{end_ampm}"
+                    text = ax.text(label_pos, y_pos + y_offset, label, 
+                           ha='center', va='center', fontsize=9, fontweight='bold',
+                           color='black', bbox=dict(facecolor='white', alpha=0.9, pad=3, 
+                                                   boxstyle='round,pad=0.3', edgecolor='gray'),
+                           zorder=20)
+                    
+                    shift_positions.append(label_pos)
+            else:
+                # Regular shift
+                shift_width = duration/24
+                rect = ax.barh(y_pos, shift_width, left=shift_start_pos, 
+                       height=0.6, color=colors[i], alpha=0.9,
+                       edgecolor='black', linewidth=1, zorder=10)
+                
+                # Add gradient effect
+                for r in rect:
+                    r.set_edgecolor('black')
+                    r.set_linewidth(1)
+                
+                # Only add label if there's enough space
+                if shift_width >= 0.1:
+                    label_pos = shift_start_pos + shift_width/2
+                    
+                    # Alternate labels above and below
+                    y_offset = 0.35 if idx % 2 == 0 else -0.35
+                    
+                    # Add label with background for better readability
+                    label = f"{start_ampm}-{end_ampm}"
+                    text = ax.text(label_pos, y_pos + y_offset, label, 
+                           ha='center', va='center', fontsize=9, fontweight='bold',
+                           color='black', bbox=dict(facecolor='white', alpha=0.9, pad=3, 
+                                                   boxstyle='round,pad=0.3', edgecolor='gray'),
+                           zorder=20)
+                    
+                    shift_positions.append(label_pos)
+    
+    # Add weekend highlighting with a more sophisticated look
+    for day in range(1, num_days + 1):
+        # Determine if this is a weekend (assuming day 1 is Monday)
+        is_weekend = (day % 7 == 0) or (day % 7 == 6)  # Saturday or Sunday
+        
+        if is_weekend:
+            ax.axvspan(day-1, day, alpha=0.15, color='#ff9999', zorder=-10)
+            day_label = "Saturday" if day % 7 == 6 else "Sunday"
+            ax.text(day-0.5, 0.2, day_label, ha='center', fontsize=10, color='#cc0000',
+                   fontweight='bold', bbox=dict(facecolor='white', alpha=0.7, pad=2, boxstyle='round'))
+    
+    # Set x-axis ticks for each day with better formatting
+    ax.set_xticks(np.arange(0.5, num_days, 1))
+    day_labels = [f"Day {d}" for d in range(1, num_days+1)]
+    ax.set_xticklabels(day_labels, rotation=0, ha='center', fontsize=10)
+    
+    # Add vertical lines between days with better styling
+    for day in range(1, num_days):
+        ax.axvline(x=day, color='#aaaaaa', linestyle='-', alpha=0.5, zorder=-5)
+    
+    # Set y-axis ticks for each staff
+    ax.set_yticks(np.arange(1, active_staff_count+1))
+    ax.set_yticklabels([])  # Remove default labels as we've added custom ones
+    
+    # Set axis limits with some padding
+    ax.set_xlim(-0.8, num_days)
+    ax.set_ylim(0.5, active_staff_count + 0.5)
+    
+    # Add grid for hours (every 6 hours) with better styling
+    for day in range(num_days):
+        for hour in [6, 12, 18]:
+            ax.axvline(x=day + hour/24, color='#cccccc', linestyle=':', alpha=0.5, zorder=-5)
+            # Add small hour markers at the bottom
+            hour_label = "6AM" if hour == 6 else "Noon" if hour == 12 else "6PM"
+            ax.text(day + hour/24, 0, hour_label, ha='center', va='bottom', fontsize=7, 
+                   color='#666666', rotation=90, alpha=0.7)
+    
+    # Add title and labels with more sophisticated styling
+    plt.title(f'Staff Schedule ({active_staff_count} Active Staff)', fontsize=24, fontweight='bold', pad=20, color='#333333')
+    plt.xlabel('Day', fontsize=16, labelpad=10, color='#333333')
+    
+    # Add a legend for time reference with better styling
+    time_box = plt.figtext(0.01, 0.01, "Time Reference:", ha='left', fontsize=10, 
+                          fontweight='bold', color='#333333')
+    time_markers = ['6 AM', 'Noon', '6 PM', 'Midnight']
+    for i, time in enumerate(time_markers):
+        plt.figtext(0.08 + i*0.06, 0.01, time, ha='left', fontsize=9, color='#555555')
+    
+    # Remove spines
+    for spine in ['top', 'right', 'left']:
+        ax.spines[spine].set_visible(False)
+    
+    # Add a note about weekends with better styling
+    weekend_note = plt.figtext(0.01, 0.97, "Red areas = Weekends", fontsize=12, 
+                              color='#cc0000', fontweight='bold',
+                              bbox=dict(facecolor='white', alpha=0.7, pad=5, boxstyle='round'))
+    
+    # Add a subtle border around the entire chart
+    plt.box(False)
+    
+    # Save the Gantt chart with high quality
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix='.png', delete=False) as f:
+        plt.tight_layout()
+        plt.savefig(f.name, dpi=200, bbox_inches='tight', facecolor='white')
+        plt.close()
+        return f.name
+
+# Define Gradio UI
+am_pm_times = [f"{i:02d}:00 AM" for i in range(1, 13)] + [f"{i:02d}:00 PM" for i in range(1, 13)]
+
+with gr.Blocks(title="Staff Scheduling Optimizer", css="""
+    #staff_assignment_table {
+        width: 100% !important;
+    }
+    #csv_schedule {
+        width: 100% !important;
+    }
+    .container {
+        max-width: 100% !important;
+        padding: 0 !important;
+    }
+    .download-btn {
+        margin-top: 10px !important;
+    }
+    """) as iface:
+    
+    gr.Markdown("# Staff Scheduling Optimizer")
+    gr.Markdown("Upload a CSV file with cycle data and configure parameters to generate an optimal staff schedule.")
+    
+    with gr.Row():
+        # LEFT PANEL - Inputs
+        with gr.Column(scale=1):
+            gr.Markdown("### Input Parameters")
+            
+            # Input parameters
+            csv_input = gr.File(label="Upload CSV")
+            beds_per_staff = gr.Number(label="Beds per Staff", value=3)
+            max_hours_per_staff = gr.Number(label="Maximum monthly hours", value=160)
+            hours_per_cycle = gr.Number(label="Hours per Cycle", value=4)
+            rest_days_per_week = gr.Number(label="Rest Days per Week", value=2)
+            clinic_start_ampm = gr.Dropdown(label="Clinic Start Hour (AM/PM)", choices=am_pm_times, value="08:00 AM")
+            clinic_end_ampm = gr.Dropdown(label="Clinic End Hour (AM/PM)", choices=am_pm_times, value="08:00 PM")
+            overlap_time = gr.Number(label="Overlap Time", value=0)
+            max_start_time_change = gr.Number(label="Max Start Time Change", value=2)
+            exact_staff_count = gr.Number(label="Exact Staff Count (optional)", value=None)
+            overtime_percent = gr.Slider(label="Overtime Allowed (%)", minimum=0, maximum=100, value=100, step=10)
+            
+            optimize_btn = gr.Button("Optimize Schedule", variant="primary", size="lg")
+        
+        # RIGHT PANEL - Outputs
+        with gr.Column(scale=2):
+            gr.Markdown("### Results")
+            
+            # Tabs for different outputs - reordered
+            with gr.Tabs():
+                with gr.TabItem("Detailed Schedule"):
+                    with gr.Row():
+                        csv_schedule = gr.Dataframe(label="Detailed Schedule", elem_id="csv_schedule")
+                    
+                    with gr.Row():
+                        schedule_download_file = gr.File(label="Download Detailed Schedule", visible=True)
+                
+                with gr.TabItem("Gantt Chart"):
+                    gantt_chart = gr.Image(label="Staff Schedule Visualization", elem_id="gantt_chart")
+                
+                with gr.TabItem("Staff Coverage by Cycle"):
+                    with gr.Row():
+                        staff_assignment_table = gr.Dataframe(label="Staff Count in Each Cycle (Staff May Overlap)", elem_id="staff_assignment_table")
+                    
+                    with gr.Row():
+                        staff_download_file = gr.File(label="Download Coverage Table", visible=True)
+                
+                with gr.TabItem("Hours Visualization"):
+                    schedule_visualization = gr.Image(label="Hours by Day Visualization", elem_id="schedule_visualization")
+    
+    # Define download functions
+    def create_download_link(df, filename="data.csv"):
+        """Create a CSV download link for a dataframe"""
+        if df is None or df.empty:
+            return None
+        
+        csv_data = df.to_csv(index=False)
+        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w', delete=False, suffix='.csv') as f:
+            f.write(csv_data)
+            return f.name
+
+    # Connect the button to the optimization function
+    optimize_btn.click(
+        fn=gradio_wrapper,
+        inputs=[
+            csv_input, beds_per_staff, max_hours_per_staff, hours_per_cycle,
+            rest_days_per_week, clinic_start_ampm, clinic_end_ampm, 
+            overlap_time, max_start_time_change, exact_staff_count, overtime_percent
+        ],
+        outputs=[
+            staff_assignment_table, gantt_chart, csv_schedule, schedule_visualization, 
+            staff_download_file, schedule_download_file
+        ]
+    )
+
+# Launch the Gradio app
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    print("Starting Gradio interface...")
+    iface.launch(share=True)
+    print("Gradio interface launched")