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Sample patient cases for demo / testing.
Includes original demo cases + real cases drawn from the evaluation datasets.
"""
SAMPLE_CASES = {
# ── Original demo cases ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
"Demo: Possible Pneumonia": {
"symptoms": "65-year-old male. Fever 38.9°C for 3 days, productive cough with yellow-green sputum, shortness of breath on exertion, right-sided chest pain worsening with deep breathing. Started with cold symptoms 1 week ago.",
"history": "Type 2 diabetes (on metformin), hypertension (on amlodipine), ex-smoker (30 pack-years, quit 5 years ago). No known allergies.",
"labs": "WBC: 14.2 (high), Neutrophils: 85%, CRP: 87 mg/L (high), Procalcitonin: 0.8 ng/mL (elevated), SpO2: 93% on room air, Glucose: 210 mg/dL",
"vitals": "BP: 145/88, HR: 102 bpm, RR: 22/min, Temp: 38.9°C, SpO2: 93%"
},
"Demo: Possible MI": {
"symptoms": "55-year-old female. Sudden crushing chest pain radiating to left arm and jaw, started 2 hours ago. Sweating, nausea, shortness of breath. Pain 9/10.",
"history": "Hyperlipidaemia (on statin), post-menopausal, family history of heart disease (father MI at 60). Non-smoker. BMI 31.",
"labs": "Troponin I: 2.4 ng/mL (very high), CK-MB: 45 U/L (high), BNP: 180 pg/mL, Total cholesterol: 240 mg/dL, LDL: 165 mg/dL",
"vitals": "BP: 160/95, HR: 115 bpm (irregular), RR: 20/min, Temp: 37.1°C, SpO2: 96%"
},
"Demo: Possible Appendicitis": {
"symptoms": "22-year-old male. Severe abdominal pain starting around the navel 12 hours ago, now localised to right lower abdomen. Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite. Pain worsens with movement.",
"history": "No significant past medical history. No medications.",
"labs": "WBC: 15.8 (high), Neutrophils: 88%, CRP: 65 mg/L (high), Urine: normal, Beta-HCG: negative",
"vitals": "BP: 118/76, HR: 98 bpm, RR: 18/min, Temp: 38.3°C, SpO2: 99%"
},
# ── DDxPlus eval dataset cases ────────────────────────────────────────────
"DDxPlus: Pulmonary Embolism": {
"symptoms": "48-year-old female. Sudden onset shortness of breath and sharp pleuritic chest pain. Right calf swelling and tenderness for 5 days prior. Just returned from long-haul flight. SpO2 dropped to 90%.",
"history": "Oral contraceptive pill use. No prior clotting history. Sedentary occupation.",
"labs": "D-dimer: 3.2 mg/L (markedly elevated), Troponin: mildly elevated, ABG: PaO2 68 mmHg, PaCO2 32 mmHg",
"vitals": "BP: 100/68, HR: 118 bpm, RR: 26/min, Temp: 37.4°C, SpO2: 90%"
},
"DDxPlus: Spontaneous Pneumothorax": {
"symptoms": "24-year-old tall thin male. Acute onset right-sided sharp chest pain and dyspnoea at rest. No cough, no fever. Sudden onset while sitting at rest.",
"history": "Non-smoker. No lung disease. Family history of Marfan syndrome.",
"labs": "ABG: mild hypoxia. WBC: normal. CXR: absent lung markings right side.",
"vitals": "BP: 122/78, HR: 108 bpm, RR: 20/min, Temp: 36.8°C, SpO2: 94%"
},
"DDxPlus: Acute Pancreatitis": {
"symptoms": "42-year-old male. Severe epigastric pain radiating to the back, started 6 hours ago after heavy meal and alcohol. Nausea, vomiting, unable to eat. Pain constant and boring.",
"history": "Heavy alcohol use (10+ units/day). Previous similar episode 1 year ago.",
"labs": "Amylase: 980 U/L (very high), Lipase: 1240 U/L (very high), WBC: 16.2, CRP: 142 mg/L, Bilirubin: mildly elevated",
"vitals": "BP: 105/70, HR: 112 bpm, RR: 20/min, Temp: 38.1°C, SpO2: 97%"
},
"DDxPlus: Atrial Fibrillation": {
"symptoms": "67-year-old male. Palpitations and dizziness for 3 hours. Aware of irregular heartbeat. Mild breathlessness on exertion. No chest pain. No syncope.",
"history": "Hypertension (on amlodipine), type 2 diabetes. Previous TIA 2 years ago (on aspirin).",
"labs": "TSH: normal. Troponin: negative. Electrolytes: normal. ECG: absent P waves, irregular R-R.",
"vitals": "BP: 148/94, HR: 132 bpm (irregularly irregular), RR: 18/min, Temp: 36.8°C, SpO2: 97%"
},
"DDxPlus: Tuberculosis": {
"symptoms": "34-year-old male. Productive cough for 6 weeks, haemoptysis on 3 occasions, drenching night sweats, 8 kg weight loss. Low-grade fever in evenings.",
"history": "Born in high-prevalence country. Immigrated 2 years ago. No BCG vaccination record. HIV status unknown. Shared housing.",
"labs": "WBC: 11.2, Lymphocytes: elevated, ESR: 98 mm/hr, CRP: 45 mg/L, Sputum AFB smear: positive (2+)",
"vitals": "BP: 112/72, HR: 88 bpm, RR: 18/min, Temp: 38.1°C (evening), SpO2: 96%"
},
# ── MedQA-USMLE style vignettes ───────────────────────────────────────────
"MedQA: Diabetic Ketoacidosis": {
"symptoms": "19-year-old male with type 1 diabetes. Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, polyuria for 2 days. Ran out of insulin 3 days ago. Fruity-smelling breath noted on exam.",
"history": "Type 1 diabetes mellitus diagnosed age 11. On insulin glargine + lispro (non-compliant). No other medications.",
"labs": "Glucose: 520 mg/dL, pH: 7.18, HCO3: 8 mEq/L, Anion gap: 28, Ketones: large (serum), Na: 131, K: 5.8",
"vitals": "BP: 98/62, HR: 124 bpm, RR: 28/min (Kussmaul breathing), Temp: 37.0°C, SpO2: 98%"
},
"MedQA: Bacterial Meningitis": {
"symptoms": "20-year-old college student. Fever, severe headache, neck stiffness for 12 hours. Photophobia, nausea, vomiting. Petechial rash on lower extremities. Kernig sign positive.",
"history": "Lives in university dormitory. Meningococcal vaccine not up to date.",
"labs": "WBC: 22,000 (neutrophilia), CRP: 210 mg/L, CSF: cloudy, protein 180 mg/dL, glucose 28 mg/dL, WBC 2800/mm3",
"vitals": "BP: 88/56, HR: 136 bpm, RR: 24/min, Temp: 40.1°C, SpO2: 96%"
},
"MedQA: Ischemic Stroke": {
"symptoms": "72-year-old male. Sudden onset left-sided facial droop, left arm weakness, slurred speech starting 90 minutes ago. Right gaze preference on exam. No headache.",
"history": "Atrial fibrillation (not anticoagulated), hypertension, type 2 diabetes. Smoker 40 pack-years.",
"labs": "Blood glucose: 148 mg/dL, INR: 1.1, Platelets: 210. CT head: no haemorrhage.",
"vitals": "BP: 185/105, HR: 88 bpm (irregular), RR: 16/min, Temp: 37.0°C, SpO2: 97%"
},
"MedQA: Heart Failure": {
"symptoms": "71-year-old female. Progressive breathlessness on exertion over 3 weeks, now at rest. Bilateral ankle swelling. Orthopnoea (3 pillows). Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea.",
"history": "Ischaemic heart disease (MI 4 years ago), hypertension, type 2 diabetes. On aspirin, metformin, amlodipine.",
"labs": "BNP: 1,450 pg/mL (very elevated), Creatinine: 1.6 mg/dL, Na: 132, ECG: sinus tachycardia + LBBB",
"vitals": "BP: 155/95, HR: 104 bpm, RR: 22/min, Temp: 36.9°C, SpO2: 90% on room air"
},
}
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