"""向量存储 + 混合检索. ChromaDB v1.0 (Rust core) multi-vector 集合: - 同一 collection 同时存 dense (1024d) + ColBERT (变长多向量) - sparse 走旁路 BM25-style (用 BGE-M3 产出的 lexical weights 反序列化) 混合检索 (三路 RRF): - dense 走 ChromaDB HNSW - sparse 走反序列化 + dot product - colbert 走 late interaction max-sim - 三路结果 RRF 融合 """ from __future__ import annotations import json import logging import sqlite3 import threading import time from dataclasses import dataclass from pathlib import Path from typing import Any import numpy as np from app.config import settings from app.core.paths import chroma_dir, sqlite_dir from app.models import db logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) # ========== 检索结果 ========== @dataclass class RetrievalHit: chunk_id: str doc_id: str text: str score: float page_no: int | None heading: str | None context_prefix: str | None meta: dict[str, Any] # 用于 CRAG evaluate sparse_score: float = 0.0 dense_score: float = 0.0 colbert_score: float = 0.0 # rerank 后填充 rerank_score: float = 0.0 original_rank: int = 0 # ========== Sparse 旁路索引 (SQLite) ========== class SparseSidecar: """存 sparse lexical weights, 用 sqlite 反查 + 打分. 表 schema: chunk_sparse(chunk_id, weights_json) """ def __init__(self, db_path: Path) -> None: self.db_path = db_path self._lock = threading.Lock() self._ensure_table() def _ensure_table(self) -> None: with db.transaction() as _: db.get_conn().execute( """ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS chunk_sparse ( chunk_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY, weights_json TEXT NOT NULL ) """ ) def upsert_bulk(self, items: list[tuple[str, dict[int, float]]]) -> None: if not items: return with self._lock, db.transaction(): db.get_conn().executemany( "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO chunk_sparse (chunk_id, weights_json) VALUES (?, ?)", [(cid, json.dumps({str(k): v for k, v in w.items()})) for cid, w in items], ) def upsert_colbert(self, items: list[tuple[str, np.ndarray]]) -> None: """ColBERT 多向量太占地方, 暂存为 .npy 文件, 路径记到 chunk_sparse 旁表.""" if not items: return from app.core.paths import data_dir colbert_dir = data_dir() / "colbert" colbert_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) with self._lock, db.transaction(): for cid, vec in items: path = colbert_dir / f"{cid}.npy" np.save(path, vec) db.get_conn().execute( "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO chunk_sparse (chunk_id, weights_json) VALUES (?, ?)", (cid, json.dumps({"colbert_path": str(path.relative_to(data_dir()))})), ) def get_sparse(self, chunk_id: str) -> dict[int, float] | None: row = db.get_conn().execute( "SELECT weights_json FROM chunk_sparse WHERE chunk_id = ? AND weights_json NOT LIKE '%colbert_path%'", (chunk_id,), ).fetchone() if not row: return None try: d = json.loads(row["weights_json"]) return {int(k): float(v) for k, v in d.items()} except (json.JSONDecodeError, ValueError): return None def get_colbert_path(self, chunk_id: str) -> str | None: row = db.get_conn().execute( "SELECT weights_json FROM chunk_sparse WHERE chunk_id = ? AND weights_json LIKE '%colbert_path%'", (chunk_id,), ).fetchone() if not row: return None try: d = json.loads(row["weights_json"]) return d.get("colbert_path") except json.JSONDecodeError: return None def score_sparse( self, query_weights: dict[int, float], candidate_ids: list[str] ) -> dict[str, float]: """对 candidate 计算 sparse 分数 (q·d 内积). 0 表示完全无重叠.""" out: dict[str, float] = {} if not query_weights: return out for cid in candidate_ids: doc_w = self.get_sparse(cid) if not doc_w: out[cid] = 0.0 continue # 公共 token 上的内积 s = 0.0 for tid, qw in query_weights.items(): dw = doc_w.get(tid) if dw is not None: s += qw * dw out[cid] = s return out def delete_by_doc(self, doc_id: str) -> int: # 通过 doc chunks 关联删除 rows = db.get_conn().execute( "SELECT id FROM chunks WHERE doc_id = ?", (doc_id,) ).fetchall() if not rows: return 0 ids = [r["id"] for r in rows] cur = db.get_conn().execute( f"DELETE FROM chunk_sparse WHERE chunk_id IN ({','.join('?' * len(ids))})", ids, ) return cur.rowcount # ========== ChromaDB 客户端 ========== _chroma_client = None _chroma_collection = None _sparse_sidecar: SparseSidecar | None = None def get_chroma(): global _chroma_client, _chroma_collection, _sparse_sidecar if _chroma_client is None: import chromadb from chromadb.config import Settings as ChromaSettings chroma_dir() _chroma_client = chromadb.PersistentClient( path=str(settings.chroma_dir), settings=ChromaSettings(anonymized_telemetry=False, allow_reset=False), ) # ChromaDB v1.0+ 支持 multi-vector; 不指定 embedding_function (我们自己 embed) _chroma_collection = _chroma_client.get_or_create_collection( name=settings.chroma_collection, metadata={"hnsw:space": "cosine"}, embedding_function=None, ) # 旁路 sparse 索引 _sparse_sidecar = SparseSidecar(settings.sqlite_db_path) logger.info( "ChromaDB ready: dir=%s collection=%s", settings.chroma_dir, settings.chroma_collection, ) return _chroma_client, _chroma_collection, _sparse_sidecar # ========== Upsert ========== def upsert_chunks( *, ids: list[str], embeddings: np.ndarray, # (N, 1024) dense documents: list[str], # 文本 metadatas: list[dict[str, Any]], sparse_weights: list[dict[int, float]] | None = None, colbert_vecs: list[np.ndarray] | None = None, ) -> None: """写入 ChromaDB + 旁路 sparse/colbert.""" if not ids: return _, coll, sidecar = get_chroma() coll.upsert( ids=ids, embeddings=embeddings.tolist(), documents=documents, metadatas=metadatas, ) if sparse_weights: sidecar.upsert_bulk(list(zip(ids, sparse_weights))) if colbert_vecs and settings.enable_colbert: sidecar.upsert_colbert(list(zip(ids, colbert_vecs))) # ========== Query ========== def query_dense( query_emb: np.ndarray, k: int = 20, where: dict | None = None ) -> list[tuple[str, float, dict]]: _, coll, _ = get_chroma() res = coll.query( query_embeddings=[query_emb.tolist()], n_results=k, where=where, include=["metadatas", "distances", "documents"], ) if not res["ids"]: return [] out: list[tuple[str, float, dict]] = [] for i, cid in enumerate(res["ids"][0]): # cosine distance -> 转为 similarity dist = res["distances"][0][i] if res["distances"] else 0.0 sim = 1.0 - dist out.append((cid, sim, { "text": res["documents"][0][i] if res["documents"] else "", "meta": res["metadatas"][0][i] if res["metadatas"] else {}, })) return out def rrf_fuse( *ranked_lists: list[tuple[str, float, dict]], k: int = 60, ) -> list[tuple[str, float, dict]]: """Reciprocal Rank Fusion. 每个 list 是 [(id, score, payload), ...], 排名越靠前 (index 0) 权重越高. score = sum 1/(k + rank_i) """ scores: dict[str, float] = {} payloads: dict[str, dict] = {} for ranked in ranked_lists: for rank, (cid, _score, payload) in enumerate(ranked): scores[cid] = scores.get(cid, 0.0) + 1.0 / (k + rank + 1) if cid not in payloads: payloads[cid] = payload elif payload and payload.get("text"): payloads[cid] = payload out = sorted(scores.items(), key=lambda x: -x[1]) return [(cid, sc, payloads[cid]) for cid, sc in out] def hybrid_query( *, query_emb: np.ndarray, query_sparse: dict[int, float] | None = None, query_colbert_emb: np.ndarray | None = None, k: int = 20, where: dict | None = None, over_retrieve: int = 50, ) -> list[RetrievalHit]: """三路混合检索 + RRF. Args: query_emb: dense 向量 (1024d) query_sparse: 稀疏权重 query_colbert_emb: (T, 1024) 多向量 k: 最终返回 top-k over_retrieve: 每路多取一些再融合 """ started = time.time() # 路 1: dense (ChromaDB HNSW) dense = query_dense(query_emb, k=over_retrieve, where=where) # 路 2: sparse (旁路 + 反查) sparse: list[tuple[str, float, dict]] = [] if query_sparse: _, _, sidecar = get_chroma() cand_ids = [cid for cid, _, _ in dense] # dense top-N 作为候选, 避免全表 sparse_scores = sidecar.score_sparse(query_sparse, cand_ids) # 按 sparse score 排序 sparse = sorted( [ (cid, sparse_scores.get(cid, 0.0), {"text": "", "meta": {}}) for cid in cand_ids ], key=lambda x: -x[1], ) # 路 3: colbert (late interaction) colbert_ranked: list[tuple[str, float, dict]] = [] if settings.enable_colbert and query_colbert_emb is not None and len(query_colbert_emb) > 0: from app.core.paths import data_dir # 只对 dense top-N 计算 colbert _, _, sidecar = get_chroma() cand_ids = [cid for cid, _, _ in dense[:30]] scored: list[tuple[str, float]] = [] for cid in cand_ids: rel_path = sidecar.get_colbert_path(cid) if not rel_path: continue full = data_dir() / rel_path if not full.exists(): continue try: doc_vec = np.load(full) except Exception: # noqa: BLE001 continue # max-sim sims = doc_vec @ query_colbert_emb.T # (T_doc, T_q) if sims.size == 0: continue max_per_doc = sims.max(axis=0).mean() # mean of per-query-token max scored.append((cid, float(max_per_doc))) colbert_ranked = sorted(scored, key=lambda x: -x[1]) colbert_ranked = [(cid, s, {"text": "", "meta": {}}) for cid, s in colbert_ranked] # RRF 融合 fused = rrf_fuse(dense, sparse, colbert_ranked, k=60)[:k] # 构造 RetrievalHit hits: list[RetrievalHit] = [] for cid, rrf_score, payload in fused: meta = payload.get("meta", {}) hits.append(RetrievalHit( chunk_id=cid, doc_id=meta.get("doc_id", ""), text=payload.get("text", ""), score=rrf_score, page_no=meta.get("page_no"), heading=meta.get("heading"), context_prefix=meta.get("context_prefix"), meta=meta, )) logger.debug("hybrid_query returned %d hits in %dms", len(hits), int((time.time() - started) * 1000)) return hits # ========== Delete ========== def delete_by_doc(doc_id: str) -> int: """从 ChromaDB + sparse 旁路一并删除.""" _, coll, sidecar = get_chroma() # 先列 id (ChromaDB v1.0 用 where 过滤删除) try: coll.delete(where={"doc_id": doc_id}) except Exception as e: # noqa: BLE001 logger.warning("ChromaDB delete by where failed (%s), falling back to per-chunk", e) # fallback: 列出来删 rows = db.get_conn().execute("SELECT id FROM chunks WHERE doc_id = ?", (doc_id,)).fetchall() ids = [r["id"] for r in rows] if ids: coll.delete(ids=ids) n = sidecar.delete_by_doc(doc_id) return n