import pandas as pd def normalize_counts(counts: pd.DataFrame): if "Patient" in counts.columns: counts = counts.set_index("Patient") counts = counts.apply( pd.to_numeric, errors="coerce" ) counts = counts.fillna(0) counts_sum = counts.sum(axis=1) counts_sum = counts_sum.replace(0,1) cpm = counts.div( counts_sum, axis=0 ) * 1e6 return cpm