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"source": "starter list — Middle Egyptian phrase-initial particles. Verify against Allen 14th ed. or Gardiner Egyptian Grammar §239 ff.",
"purpose": "Soft phrase-start prior in the SphinxTrie segmenter. When YOLO output contains one of these Gardiner sequences, the slot at its first sign is a strong candidate for a phrase boundary (the previous slot is end-of-previous-phrase).",
"particles": {
"jw": {
"gardiner": ["M17", "G43"],
"meaning": "is / circumstantial auxiliary",
"register": "narrative",
"notes": "Most common Middle Egyptian phrase-opener. Sometimes written M17 alone in late ME."
},
"jn": {
"gardiner": ["M17", "N35"],
"meaning": "by (agent marker) / interrogative",
"register": "all",
"notes": "Also marks rhetorical questions when phrase-initial."
},
"mk": {
"gardiner": ["Aa15", "V31"],
"meaning": "behold (sg.)!",
"register": "speech",
"alt_spellings": [["G17", "V31"]],
"notes": "Vocative-like attention marker. G17 V31 variant in some hands."
},
"mTn": {
"gardiner": ["Aa15", "V13", "N35"],
"meaning": "behold (pl.)!",
"register": "speech",
"alt_spellings": [["G17", "V13", "N35"]],
"notes": "Plural counterpart of mk. G17 variant common."
},
"jx": {
"gardiner": ["M17", "Aa1"],
"meaning": "may, then, so that (optative/sequential)",
"register": "all"
},
"nn": {
"gardiner": ["N35", "N35"],
"meaning": "not / there is not (negation)",
"register": "all",
"alt_spellings": [["M22"]],
"notes": "Phrase-initial negation. Single M22 (junction-of-river plant) sometimes used as logogram."
},
"HA": {
"gardiner": ["O4", "G1"],
"meaning": "would that! (wish particle)",
"register": "speech",
"alt_spellings": [["O4"]],
"notes": "Some scribes drop the alef G1."
},
"wnt": {
"gardiner": ["E34", "N35", "X1"],
"meaning": "indeed / that (subordinator)",
"register": "all"
},
"jstw": {
"gardiner": ["M17", "S29", "X1", "G43"],
"meaning": "now (parenthetical)",
"register": "narrative"
},
"Hr_ntt": {
"gardiner": ["D2", "D21", "X1", "X1"],
"meaning": "because / since (subordinator)",
"register": "all",
"notes": "Often phrase-initial in subordinate clauses introducing causes."
},
"smwn": {
"gardiner": ["S29", "Aa15", "G43", "N35"],
"meaning": "perhaps",
"register": "speech"
},
"wnn": {
"gardiner": ["E34", "N35", "N35"],
"meaning": "exists / continuative auxiliary",
"register": "all",
"notes": "Often phrase-initial when introducing existential clauses."
}
},
"notes": [
"These are typical Middle Egyptian phrase-initial particles. Coverage is intentionally narrow — these are the strongest signals; rarer particles can be added later.",
"The segmenter should treat these as soft priors: when the YOLO sequence contains a particle's full Gardiner sequence at a position, score a phrase boundary just before it.",
"Some particles (jw, jn, mk, jx) are short (2 codes) and overlap phonetically with non-particle words. Use the boundary signal cumulatively, not deterministically."
]
}
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