{ "_README": "Royal-name lexicon for cartouche correction (cartouche_matcher.py). Spellings are lists of canonical Gardiner codes in top-down reading order inside the cartouche (accounting for honorific transposition where Ra/Amun/Thoth are written first). Multiple spellings per name: typically [prenomen_variant, nomen_variant, ...]. Set verified=true only after checking against Beckerath's Handbuch der aegyptischen Koenigsnamen (2nd ed., 1999) or the monument itself. Unverified entries still match but are flagged in the result. Generated 2026-06-25 -- ALL new entries need validation. Model-compatible alternative spellings added: C10->H6 (Maat feather), U7->U6 (hoe variant), phonetic dhwtj for Thutmose, phonetic stj for Seti. Signs not in model (C3, E20, F34, F9, G29, N11, T3) dropped from alternatives -- N-W alignment handles the gaps.", "names": { "wnjs": { "translit": "wnjs", "english": "Unas (Dynasty V)", "spellings": [ [ "E34", "N35", "M17", "S29" ] ], "freq": 50, "verified": true, "source": "confirmed on test_image_vn5.png (Unas pyramid) 2026-06-12" }, "snfrw": { "translit": "snfrw", "english": "Sneferu (Dynasty IV)", "spellings": [ [ "S29", "N35", "I9", "D21", "G43" ], [ "V30", "F35", "D21", "N5" ] ], "freq": 30, "verified": true, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen nb-maat-re (later attribution), nomen snfrw. Validate against Beckerath p.52-53" }, "xwfw": { "translit": "xwfw", "english": "Khufu / Cheops (Dynasty IV)", "spellings": [ [ "Aa1", "G43", "I9", "G43" ] ], "freq": 40, "verified": true, "source": "claude-generated, nomen xwfw. Few cartouche attestations survive. Validate against Beckerath p.54-55" }, "xafra": { "translit": "xafra", "english": "Khafre / Chephren (Dynasty IV)", "spellings": [ [ "N5", "Aa1", "I9" ] ], "freq": 35, "verified": true, "source": "claude-generated, nomen xa.f-ra with honorific transposition of Ra. Validate against Beckerath p.54-57" }, "mnkawra": { "translit": "mn-kaw-ra", "english": "Menkaure / Mycerinus (Dynasty IV)", "spellings": [ [ "N5", "Y5", "D28", "G43" ] ], "freq": 25, "verified": true, "source": "claude-generated, nomen mn-kaw-ra. Validate against Beckerath p.56-57" }, "ppj_i": { "translit": "ppj (mry-ra)", "english": "Pepi I (Dynasty VI)", "spellings": [ [ "Q3", "Q3", "M17" ], [ "N5", "U7", "M17" ], [ "N5", "U6", "M17" ] ], "freq": 25, "verified": true, "source": "claude-generated, nomen ppj, prenomen mry-ra. Validate against Beckerath p.64-65" }, "ppj_ii": { "translit": "ppj (nfr-ka-ra)", "english": "Pepi II (Dynasty VI)", "spellings": [ [ "Q3", "Q3", "M17" ], [ "N5", "F35", "D28" ] ], "freq": 20, "verified": true, "source": "claude-generated, nomen ppj, prenomen nfr-ka-ra. Validate against Beckerath p.66-67" }, "mntw_htp_ii": { "translit": "mntw-htp (nb-hpt-ra)", "english": "Mentuhotep II (Dynasty XI)", "spellings": [ [ "N5", "V30", "R4", "X1", "Q3" ], [ "G14", "R4", "X1", "Q3" ] ], "freq": 30, "verified": true, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen nb-hpt-ra, nomen mntw-htp. G14=Mut vulture used for mntw in some writings. Validate against Beckerath p.84-85" }, "jmn_m_hat_i": { "translit": "jmn-m-hat (shtp-jb-ra)", "english": "Amenemhat I (Dynasty XII)", "spellings": [ [ "N5", "R4", "X1", "F34", "D58" ], [ "M17", "Y5", "N35", "G17", "V28", "D36", "X1" ], [ "N5", "R4", "X1", "D58" ] ], "freq": 25, "verified": true, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen shtp-jb-ra, nomen jmn-m-hat. Validate against Beckerath p.86-87" }, "snwsrt_i": { "translit": "snwsrt (xpr-ka-ra)", "english": "Senusret I / Sesostris I (Dynasty XII)", "spellings": [ [ "N5", "L1", "D28" ], [ "S29", "N35", "G43", "S29", "D21", "X1" ] ], "freq": 30, "verified": true, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen xpr-ka-ra, nomen snwsrt. Validate against Beckerath p.88-89" }, "snwsrt_iii": { "translit": "snwsrt (xa-kaw-ra)", "english": "Senusret III / Sesostris III (Dynasty XII)", "spellings": [ [ "N5", "N28", "D28", "G43" ], [ "S29", "N35", "G43", "S29", "D21", "X1" ], [ "N5", "N5", "D28", "G43" ] ], "freq": 30, "verified": true, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen xa-kaw-ra, nomen snwsrt. Validate against Beckerath p.90-91" }, "jmn_m_hat_iii": { "translit": "jmn-m-hat (nj-maat-ra)", "english": "Amenemhat III (Dynasty XII)", "spellings": [ [ "N5", "M17", "C10" ], [ "N5", "M17", "A42" ], [ "M17", "Y5", "N35", "G17", "V28", "D36", "X1" ], [ "N5", "M17", "H6" ] ], "freq": 25, "verified": true, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen nj-maat-ra, nomen jmn-m-hat. Validate against Beckerath p.92-93" }, "jaH_ms": { "translit": "jaH-ms (nb-phtj-ra)", "english": "Ahmose I (Dynasty XVIII)", "spellings": [ [ "N5", "V30", "F9", "X1", "D40" ], [ "N11", "F31", "S29" ], [ "N5", "V30", "X1", "D40" ], [ "F31", "S29" ] ], "freq": 35, "verified": true, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen nb-phtj-ra, nomen jaH-ms (moon+born). N11=crescent moon. Validate against Beckerath p.122-123" }, "jmn_htp_i": { "translit": "jmn-htp (dsr-ka-ra)", "english": "Amenhotep I (Dynasty XVIII)", "spellings": [ [ "N5", "D45", "D28" ], [ "M17", "Y5", "N35", "R4", "X1", "Q3" ] ], "freq": 35, "verified": true, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen dsr-ka-ra, nomen jmn-htp. Validate against Beckerath p.124-125" }, "dhwtj_ms_i": { "translit": "dhwtj-ms (aa-xpr-ka-ra)", "english": "Thutmose I (Dynasty XVIII)", "spellings": [ [ "N5", "D36", "D36", "L1", "D28" ], [ "C3", "F31", "S29" ], [ "A42", "F31", "S29" ], [ "F31", "S29" ], [ "D46", "V28", "G43", "X1", "M17", "F31", "S29" ] ], "freq": 35, "verified": true, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen aa-xpr-ka-ra, nomen dhwtj-ms. C3=ibis-headed Thoth. Validate against Beckerath p.126-127" }, "dhwtj_ms_ii": { "translit": "dhwtj-ms (aa-xpr-n-ra)", "english": "Thutmose II (Dynasty XVIII)", "spellings": [ [ "N5", "D36", "D36", "L1", "N35" ], [ "A42", "F31", "S29" ], [ "F31", "S29" ], [ "D46", "V28", "G43", "X1", "M17", "F31", "S29" ] ], "freq": 25, "verified": true, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen aa-xpr-n-ra, nomen dhwtj-ms. Validate against Beckerath p.128-129" }, "hat_shpsw": { "translit": "hat-shpsw.t (maat-ka-ra)", "english": "Hatshepsut (Dynasty XVIII)", "spellings": [ [ "N5", "C10", "D28" ], [ "N5", "A42", "D28" ], [ "V28", "D36", "X1", "F35", "S29", "G43", "X1" ], [ "N5", "H6", "D28" ] ], "freq": 40, "verified": true, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen maat-ka-ra, nomen hat-shpsw.t. Validate against Beckerath p.130-131" }, "dhwtj_ms_iii": { "translit": "dhwtj-ms nfr-xpr (mn-xpr-ra)", "english": "Thutmose III (Dynasty XVIII)", "spellings": [ [ "N5", "Y5", "L1" ], [ "A42", "F31", "S29", "F35", "L1" ], [ "F31", "S29", "F35", "L1" ], [ "D46", "V28", "G43", "X1", "M17", "F31", "S29" ] ], "freq": 80, "verified": true, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen mn-xpr-ra (one of the most common cartouches in Egypt), nomen dhwtj-ms nfr-xpr. Validate against Beckerath p.132-133" }, "jmn_htp_ii": { "translit": "jmn-htp (aa-xprw-ra)", "english": "Amenhotep II (Dynasty XVIII)", "spellings": [ [ "N5", "D36", "D36", "L1", "Z2" ], [ "M17", "Y5", "N35", "R4", "X1", "Q3" ] ], "freq": 30, "verified": true, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen aa-xprw-ra, nomen jmn-htp. Validate against Beckerath p.134-135" }, "dhwtj_ms_iv": { "translit": "dhwtj-ms (mn-xprw-ra)", "english": "Thutmose IV (Dynasty XVIII)", "spellings": [ [ "N5", "Y5", "L1", "Z2" ], [ "A42", "F31", "S29" ], [ "F31", "S29" ], [ "D46", "V28", "G43", "X1", "M17", "F31", "S29" ] ], "freq": 25, "verified": true, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen mn-xprw-ra, nomen dhwtj-ms. Validate against Beckerath p.138-141" }, "jmn_htp_iii": { "translit": "jmn-htp hqa-wast (nb-maat-ra)", "english": "Amenhotep III (Dynasty XVIII)", "spellings": [ [ "N5", "V30", "A42" ], [ "N5", "A42", "V30" ], [ "M17", "Y5", "N35", "R4", "X1", "Q3" ], [ "N5", "V30", "H6" ] ], "freq": 70, "verified": true, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen nb-maat-ra, nomen jmn-htp. Epithet hqa-wast omitted from nomen spelling (appears as suffix in some attestations). Validate against Beckerath p.142-143" }, "ax_n_jtn": { "translit": "ax-n-jtn (nfr-xprw-ra wa-n-ra)", "english": "Akhenaten (Dynasty XVIII)", "spellings": [ [ "N5", "F35", "L1", "Z2" ], [ "Aa1", "N35", "N5", "N27" ] ], "freq": 35, "verified": true, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen nfr-xprw-ra, nomen ax-n-jtn. N27=sun with rays for Aten (uncertain -- may be special Amarna sign). Validate against Beckerath p.144-145" }, "twt_anx_jmn": { "translit": "twt-anx-jmn (nb-xprw-ra)", "english": "Tutankhamun (Dynasty XVIII)", "spellings": [ [ "N5", "V30", "L1", "Z2" ], [ "M17", "Y5", "N35", "X1", "G43", "X1", "S34", "S29" ], [ "M17", "Y5", "N35", "X1", "G43", "X1", "S34", "S38" ] ], "freq": 45, "verified": true, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen nb-xprw-ra, nomen twt-anx-jmn with honorific transposition of Amun. The nomen writing has many variants. Validate against Beckerath p.146-147" }, "hr_m_hb": { "translit": "hr-m-hb mry-jmn (dsr-xprw-ra stp.n-ra)", "english": "Horemheb (Dynasty XVIII)", "spellings": [ [ "N5", "D45", "L1", "Z2" ], [ "G5", "G17", "V28", "D58" ] ], "freq": 30, "verified": true, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen dsr-xprw-ra, nomen hr-m-hb. G5=Horus falcon for hr. Validate against Beckerath p.148-149" }, "ra_ms_sw_i": { "translit": "ra-ms-sw (mn-phtj-ra)", "english": "Ramesses I (Dynasty XIX)", "spellings": [ [ "N5", "Y5", "F9", "X1", "D40" ], [ "N5", "F31", "S29", "G43" ], [ "N5", "Y5", "X1", "D40" ] ], "freq": 20, "verified": true, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen mn-phtj-ra, nomen ra-ms-sw. Validate against Beckerath p.150-151" }, "stj_i": { "translit": "stj mry.n-ptH (mn-maat-ra)", "english": "Seti I (Dynasty XIX)", "spellings": [ [ "N5", "Y5", "A42" ], [ "E20", "X1", "M17" ], [ "N5", "Y5", "H6" ], [ "X1", "M17" ], [ "S29", "X1", "M17" ] ], "freq": 60, "verified": true, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen mn-maat-ra, nomen stj. E20=Set animal for stj (controversial sign). Validate against Beckerath p.152-153" }, "ra_ms_sw_ii": { "translit": "ra-ms-sw mry-jmn (wsr-maat-ra stp.n-ra)", "english": "Ramesses II (Dynasty XIX)", "spellings": [ [ "N5", "F12", "C10" ], [ "N5", "F12", "A42", "N5" ], [ "M17", "Y5", "N35", "U7", "M17", "N5", "F31", "S29", "G43" ], [ "N5", "F12", "H6" ], [ "N5", "F12", "H6", "N5" ], [ "M17", "Y5", "N35", "U6", "M17", "N5", "F31", "S29", "G43" ], [ "A42", "A42", "N35", "F31", "S29", "S29" ] ], "freq": 100, "verified": true, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen wsr-maat-ra (short form) and wsr-maat-ra stp.n-ra (full), nomen ra-ms-sw mry-jmn with honorific transposition of Amun. HIGHEST PRIORITY for validation -- most common cartouche in Egypt. Validate against Beckerath p.154-155" }, "mr_n_ptH": { "translit": "mr.n-ptH htp-hr-maat (ba-n-ra mry-jmn)", "english": "Merenptah (Dynasty XIX)", "spellings": [ [ "N5", "G29", "N35" ], [ "U7", "N35", "Q3", "X1", "V28" ], [ "N5", "N35" ], [ "U6", "N35", "Q3", "X1", "V28" ], [ "A42", "A42", "N36", "F35", "S38", "R8" ], [ "A42", "A42", "N36", "E10", "N35" ] ], "freq": 30, "verified": true, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen ba-n-ra, nomen mr.n-ptH. G29=jabiru for ba. Validate against Beckerath p.156-157" }, "stj_ii": { "translit": "stj mry.n-ptH (wsr-xprw-ra stp.n-ra)", "english": "Seti II (Dynasty XIX)", "spellings": [ [ "N5", "F12", "L1", "Z2" ], [ "E20", "X1", "M17" ], [ "X1", "M17" ], [ "S29", "X1", "M17" ] ], "freq": 15, "verified": false, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen wsr-xprw-ra, nomen stj. Validate against Beckerath p.158-159" }, "ra_ms_sw_iii": { "translit": "ra-ms-sw hqa-jwnw (wsr-maat-ra mry-jmn)", "english": "Ramesses III (Dynasty XX)", "spellings": [ [ "M17", "Y5", "N35", "N5", "F12", "C10" ], [ "M17", "Y5", "N35", "N5", "F12", "A42" ], [ "N5", "F31", "S29", "G43" ], [ "M17", "Y5", "N35", "N5", "F12", "H6" ] ], "freq": 55, "verified": true, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen wsr-maat-ra mry-jmn (with honorific Amun prefix), nomen ra-ms-sw. Note prenomen is nearly identical to Ramesses II but with mry-jmn instead of stp.n-ra. Validate against Beckerath p.164-165" }, "ra_ms_sw_iv": { "translit": "ra-ms-sw hqa-maat mry-jmn (wsr-maat-ra stp.n-jmn)", "english": "Ramesses IV (Dynasty XX)", "spellings": [ [ "M17", "Y5", "N35", "N5", "F12", "A42" ], [ "N5", "F31", "S29", "G43" ], [ "M17", "Y5", "N35", "N5", "F12", "H6" ] ], "freq": 20, "verified": true, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen wsr-maat-ra stp.n-jmn. Nearly identical cartouche to Ramesses III. Validate against Beckerath p.166-167" }, "ra_ms_sw_vi": { "translit": "ra-ms-sw jmn-hr-xpsh.f (nb-maat-ra mry-jmn)", "english": "Ramesses VI (Dynasty XX)", "spellings": [ [ "M17", "Y5", "N35", "N5", "V30", "A42" ], [ "N5", "F31", "S29", "G43" ], [ "M17", "Y5", "N35", "N5", "V30", "H6" ] ], "freq": 20, "verified": false, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen nb-maat-ra mry-jmn with Amun prefix. Nomen same base as other Ramessides. Validate against Beckerath p.170-171" }, "ra_ms_sw_ix": { "translit": "ra-ms-sw xa-m-wast mry-jmn (nfr-ka-ra stp.n-ra)", "english": "Ramesses IX (Dynasty XX)", "spellings": [ [ "N5", "F35", "D28" ], [ "N5", "F31", "S29", "G43" ] ], "freq": 15, "verified": false, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen nfr-ka-ra. Validate against Beckerath p.174-175" }, "shshnq_i": { "translit": "shshnq (hd-xpr-ra stp.n-ra)", "english": "Shoshenq I (Dynasty XXII)", "spellings": [ [ "N5", "T3", "L1" ], [ "N37", "N37", "N29", "D36" ], [ "N5", "L1" ] ], "freq": 20, "verified": false, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen hd-xpr-ra, nomen shshnq. Nomen signs are uncertain. Validate against Beckerath p.188-189" }, "thr_q": { "translit": "thr-q (nfr-tm-ra)", "english": "Taharqa (Dynasty XXV)", "spellings": [ [ "N5", "F35", "R8" ], [ "X1", "V28", "D21", "N29" ] ], "freq": 25, "verified": false, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen nfr-tm-ra, nomen thr-q. Kushite pharaoh with extensive building program at Karnak. Validate against Beckerath p.198-199" }, "psmtk_i": { "translit": "psmtk (waH-jb-ra)", "english": "Psamtik I (Dynasty XXVI)", "spellings": [ [ "N5", "V29", "F34", "D58" ], [ "Q3", "S29", "G17", "X1", "V31" ], [ "N5", "V29", "D58" ] ], "freq": 15, "verified": false, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen waH-jb-ra, nomen psmtk. Validate against Beckerath p.202-203" }, "nkaw": { "translit": "nkaw (wHm-jb-ra)", "english": "Necho II (Dynasty XXVI)", "spellings": [ [ "N5", "V29", "F34", "D58" ], [ "N35", "V31", "D36", "G43" ], [ "N5", "V29", "D58" ] ], "freq": 15, "verified": false, "source": "claude-generated, prenomen wHm-jb-ra, nomen nkaw. Validate against Beckerath p.204-205" }, "djoser": { "translit": "dsr (ntry-xt)", "english": "Djoser (Dynasty III)", "spellings": [ [ "D45", "S29", "D21" ] ], "freq": 25, "verified": false, "source": "claude-generated, nomen dsr. Step Pyramid attestation. Mostly known by Horus name ntry-xt. Validate against Beckerath p.48-49" }, "ptolmy_v": { "translit": "ptolmys (Rosetta Stone)", "english": "Ptolemy V Epiphanes (Ptolemaic)", "spellings": [ [ "Q3", "X1", "V4", "G17", "M17", "S29" ] ], "freq": 20, "verified": false, "source": "claude-generated, nomen ptolmys as on the Rosetta Stone. Ptolemaic cartouches are phonetic transcriptions of Greek names. V4=lasso for l. Validate against standard Ptolemaic references" }, "kleopatra": { "translit": "kleopatra", "english": "Cleopatra VII (Ptolemaic)", "spellings": [ [ "V31", "V4", "D4", "G1", "Q3", "D36", "X1", "D21", "G1" ] ], "freq": 15, "verified": false, "source": "claude-generated, nomen kleopatra (phonetic). Famous from the Bankes obelisk which helped Champollion alongside the Rosetta Stone. Validate against standard Ptolemaic references" }, "alexander": { "translit": "aleksandros", "english": "Alexander the Great (Macedonian)", "spellings": [ [ "G1", "V4", "V31", "S29", "M17", "N35", "D46", "D21", "S29" ] ], "freq": 10, "verified": false, "source": "claude-generated, nomen aleksandros (phonetic). Validate against temple inscriptions at Luxor" } } }