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from collections import Counter
from copy import deepcopy
from dataclasses import astuple, dataclass, replace
from importlib.resources import path
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any, Literal, Optional, Union, cast, Tuple, Dict, List
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.pipeline import make_pipeline
import sklearn.preprocessing
import torch
import os
from category_encoders import LeaveOneOutEncoder
from sklearn.impute import SimpleImputer
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from scipy.spatial.distance import cdist
from . import util
from .metrics import calculate_metrics as calculate_metrics_
from .util import TaskType, load_json
ArrayDict = Dict[str, np.ndarray]
TensorDict = Dict[str, torch.Tensor]
CAT_MISSING_VALUE = '__nan__'
CAT_RARE_VALUE = '__rare__'
Normalization = Literal['standard', 'quantile', 'minmax']
NumNanPolicy = Literal['drop-rows', 'mean']
CatNanPolicy = Literal['most_frequent']
CatEncoding = Literal['one-hot', 'counter']
YPolicy = Literal['default']
class StandardScaler1d(StandardScaler):
def partial_fit(self, X, *args, **kwargs):
assert X.ndim == 1
return super().partial_fit(X[:, None], *args, **kwargs)
def transform(self, X, *args, **kwargs):
assert X.ndim == 1
return super().transform(X[:, None], *args, **kwargs).squeeze(1)
def inverse_transform(self, X, *args, **kwargs):
assert X.ndim == 1
return super().inverse_transform(X[:, None], *args, **kwargs).squeeze(1)
def get_category_sizes(X: Union[torch.Tensor, np.ndarray]) -> List[int]:
XT = X.T.cpu().tolist() if isinstance(X, torch.Tensor) else X.T.tolist()
return [len(set(x)) for x in XT]
@dataclass(frozen=False)
class Dataset:
X_num: Optional[ArrayDict]
X_cat: Optional[ArrayDict]
y: ArrayDict
y_info: Dict[str, Any]
task_type: TaskType
n_classes: Optional[int]
@classmethod
def from_dir(cls, dir_: Union[Path, str]) -> 'Dataset':
dir_ = Path(dir_)
splits = [k for k in ['train', 'val', 'test'] if dir_.joinpath(f'y_{k}.npy').exists()]
def load(item) -> ArrayDict:
return {
x: cast(np.ndarray, np.load(dir_ / f'{item}_{x}.npy', allow_pickle=True)) # type: ignore[code]
for x in splits
}
if Path(dir_ / 'info.json').exists():
info = util.load_json(dir_ / 'info.json')
else:
info = None
return Dataset(
load('X_num') if dir_.joinpath('X_num_train.npy').exists() else None,
load('X_cat') if dir_.joinpath('X_cat_train.npy').exists() else None,
load('y'),
{},
TaskType(info['task_type']),
info.get('n_classes'),
)
@property
def is_binclass(self) -> bool:
return self.task_type == TaskType.BINCLASS
@property
def is_multiclass(self) -> bool:
return self.task_type == TaskType.MULTICLASS
@property
def is_regression(self) -> bool:
return self.task_type == TaskType.REGRESSION
@property
def n_num_features(self) -> int:
return 0 if self.X_num is None else self.X_num['train'].shape[1]
@property
def n_cat_features(self) -> int:
return 0 if self.X_cat is None else self.X_cat['train'].shape[1]
@property
def n_features(self) -> int:
return self.n_num_features + self.n_cat_features
def size(self, part: Optional[str]) -> int:
return sum(map(len, self.y.values())) if part is None else len(self.y[part])
@property
def nn_output_dim(self) -> int:
if self.is_multiclass:
assert self.n_classes is not None
return self.n_classes
else:
return 1
def get_category_sizes(self, part: str) -> List[int]:
return [] if self.X_cat is None else get_category_sizes(self.X_cat[part])
def calculate_metrics(
self,
predictions: Dict[str, np.ndarray],
prediction_type: Optional[str],
) -> Dict[str, Any]:
metrics = {
x: calculate_metrics_(
self.y[x], predictions[x], self.task_type, prediction_type, self.y_info
)
for x in predictions
}
if self.task_type == TaskType.REGRESSION:
score_key = 'rmse'
score_sign = -1
else:
score_key = 'accuracy'
score_sign = 1
for part_metrics in metrics.values():
part_metrics['score'] = score_sign * part_metrics[score_key]
return metrics
def change_val(dataset: Dataset, val_size: float = 0.2):
# should be done before transformations
y = np.concatenate([dataset.y['train'], dataset.y['val']], axis=0)
ixs = np.arange(y.shape[0])
if dataset.is_regression:
train_ixs, val_ixs = train_test_split(ixs, test_size=val_size, random_state=777)
else:
train_ixs, val_ixs = train_test_split(ixs, test_size=val_size, random_state=777, stratify=y)
dataset.y['train'] = y[train_ixs]
dataset.y['val'] = y[val_ixs]
if dataset.X_num is not None:
X_num = np.concatenate([dataset.X_num['train'], dataset.X_num['val']], axis=0)
dataset.X_num['train'] = X_num[train_ixs]
dataset.X_num['val'] = X_num[val_ixs]
if dataset.X_cat is not None:
X_cat = np.concatenate([dataset.X_cat['train'], dataset.X_cat['val']], axis=0)
dataset.X_cat['train'] = X_cat[train_ixs]
dataset.X_cat['val'] = X_cat[val_ixs]
return dataset
def num_process_nans(dataset: Dataset, policy: Optional[NumNanPolicy]) -> Dataset:
assert dataset.X_num is not None
nan_masks = {k: np.isnan(v) for k, v in dataset.X_num.items()}
if not any(x.any() for x in nan_masks.values()): # type: ignore[code]
assert policy is None
return dataset
assert policy is not None
if policy == 'drop-rows':
valid_masks = {k: ~v.any(1) for k, v in nan_masks.items()}
assert valid_masks[
'test'
].all(), 'Cannot drop test rows, since this will affect the final metrics.'
new_data = {}
for data_name in ['X_num', 'X_cat', 'y']:
data_dict = getattr(dataset, data_name)
if data_dict is not None:
new_data[data_name] = {
k: v[valid_masks[k]] for k, v in data_dict.items()
}
dataset = replace(dataset, **new_data)
elif policy == 'mean':
new_values = np.nanmean(dataset.X_num['train'], axis=0)
X_num = deepcopy(dataset.X_num)
for k, v in X_num.items():
num_nan_indices = np.where(nan_masks[k])
v[num_nan_indices] = np.take(new_values, num_nan_indices[1])
dataset = replace(dataset, X_num=X_num)
else:
assert util.raise_unknown('policy', policy)
return dataset
# Inspired by: https://github.com/yandex-research/rtdl/blob/a4c93a32b334ef55d2a0559a4407c8306ffeeaee/lib/data.py#L20
def normalize(
X: ArrayDict, normalization: Normalization, seed: Optional[int], return_normalizer : bool = False
) -> ArrayDict:
X_train = X['train']
if normalization == 'standard':
normalizer = sklearn.preprocessing.StandardScaler()
elif normalization == 'minmax':
normalizer = sklearn.preprocessing.MinMaxScaler()
elif normalization == 'quantile':
normalizer = sklearn.preprocessing.QuantileTransformer(
output_distribution='normal',
n_quantiles=max(min(X['train'].shape[0] // 30, 1000), 10),
subsample=int(1e9),
random_state=seed,
)
# noise = 1e-3
# if noise > 0:
# assert seed is not None
# stds = np.std(X_train, axis=0, keepdims=True)
# noise_std = noise / np.maximum(stds, noise) # type: ignore[code]
# X_train = X_train + noise_std * np.random.default_rng(seed).standard_normal(
# X_train.shape
# )
else:
util.raise_unknown('normalization', normalization)
normalizer.fit(X_train)
if return_normalizer:
return {k: normalizer.transform(v) for k, v in X.items()}, normalizer
return {k: normalizer.transform(v) for k, v in X.items()}
def cat_process_nans(X: ArrayDict, policy: Optional[CatNanPolicy]) -> ArrayDict:
assert X is not None
nan_masks = {k: v == CAT_MISSING_VALUE for k, v in X.items()}
if any(x.any() for x in nan_masks.values()): # type: ignore[code]
if policy is None:
X_new = X
elif policy == 'most_frequent':
imputer = SimpleImputer(missing_values=CAT_MISSING_VALUE, strategy=policy) # type: ignore[code]
imputer.fit(X['train'])
X_new = {k: cast(np.ndarray, imputer.transform(v)) for k, v in X.items()}
else:
util.raise_unknown('categorical NaN policy', policy)
else:
assert policy is None
X_new = X
return X_new
def cat_drop_rare(X: ArrayDict, min_frequency: float) -> ArrayDict:
assert 0.0 < min_frequency < 1.0
min_count = round(len(X['train']) * min_frequency)
X_new = {x: [] for x in X}
for column_idx in range(X['train'].shape[1]):
counter = Counter(X['train'][:, column_idx].tolist())
popular_categories = {k for k, v in counter.items() if v >= min_count}
for part in X_new:
X_new[part].append(
[
(x if x in popular_categories else CAT_RARE_VALUE)
for x in X[part][:, column_idx].tolist()
]
)
return {k: np.array(v).T for k, v in X_new.items()}
def cat_encode(
X: ArrayDict,
encoding: Optional[CatEncoding],
y_train: Optional[np.ndarray],
seed: Optional[int],
return_encoder : bool = False
) -> Tuple[ArrayDict, bool, Optional[Any]]: # (X, is_converted_to_numerical)
if encoding != 'counter':
y_train = None
# Step 1. Map strings to 0-based ranges
if encoding is None:
unknown_value = np.iinfo('int64').max - 3
oe = sklearn.preprocessing.OrdinalEncoder(
handle_unknown='use_encoded_value', # type: ignore[code]
unknown_value=unknown_value, # type: ignore[code]
dtype='int64', # type: ignore[code]
).fit(X['train'])
encoder = make_pipeline(oe)
encoder.fit(X['train'])
X = {k: encoder.transform(v) for k, v in X.items()}
max_values = X['train'].max(axis=0)
for part in X.keys():
if part == 'train': continue
for column_idx in range(X[part].shape[1]):
X[part][X[part][:, column_idx] == unknown_value, column_idx] = (
max_values[column_idx] + 1
)
if return_encoder:
return (X, False, encoder)
return (X, False)
# Step 2. Encode.
elif encoding == 'one-hot':
ohe = sklearn.preprocessing.OneHotEncoder(
handle_unknown='ignore', sparse=False, dtype=np.float32 # type: ignore[code]
)
encoder = make_pipeline(ohe)
# encoder.steps.append(('ohe', ohe))
encoder.fit(X['train'])
X = {k: encoder.transform(v) for k, v in X.items()}
elif encoding == 'counter':
assert y_train is not None
assert seed is not None
loe = LeaveOneOutEncoder(sigma=0.1, random_state=seed, return_df=False)
encoder.steps.append(('loe', loe))
encoder.fit(X['train'], y_train)
X = {k: encoder.transform(v).astype('float32') for k, v in X.items()} # type: ignore[code]
if not isinstance(X['train'], pd.DataFrame):
X = {k: v.values for k, v in X.items()} # type: ignore[code]
else:
util.raise_unknown('encoding', encoding)
if return_encoder:
return X, True, encoder # type: ignore[code]
return (X, True)
def build_target(
y: ArrayDict, policy: Optional[YPolicy], task_type: TaskType
) -> Tuple[ArrayDict, Dict[str, Any]]:
info: Dict[str, Any] = {'policy': policy}
if policy is None:
pass
elif policy == 'default':
if task_type == TaskType.REGRESSION:
mean, std = float(y['train'].mean()), float(y['train'].std())
y = {k: (v - mean) / std for k, v in y.items()}
info['mean'] = mean
info['std'] = std
else:
util.raise_unknown('policy', policy)
return y, info
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class Transformations:
seed: int = 0
normalization: Optional[Normalization] = None
num_nan_policy: Optional[NumNanPolicy] = None
cat_nan_policy: Optional[CatNanPolicy] = None
cat_min_frequency: Optional[float] = None
cat_encoding: Optional[CatEncoding] = None
y_policy: Optional[YPolicy] = 'default'
def transform_dataset(
dataset: Dataset,
transformations: Transformations,
cache_dir: Optional[Path],
transform_cols_num: int = 0
) -> Dataset:
# WARNING: the order of transformations matters. Moreover, the current
# implementation is not ideal in that sense.
if cache_dir is not None:
transformations_md5 = hashlib.md5(
str(transformations).encode('utf-8')
).hexdigest()
transformations_str = '__'.join(map(str, astuple(transformations)))
cache_path = (
cache_dir / f'cache__{transformations_str}__{transformations_md5}.pickle'
)
if cache_path.exists():
cache_transformations, value = util.load_pickle(cache_path)
if transformations == cache_transformations:
print(
f"Using cached features: {cache_dir.name + '/' + cache_path.name}"
)
return value
else:
raise RuntimeError(f'Hash collision for {cache_path}')
else:
cache_path = None
if dataset.X_num is not None:
dataset = num_process_nans(dataset, transformations.num_nan_policy)
num_transform = None
cat_transform = None
X_num = dataset.X_num
if X_num is not None and transformations.normalization is not None:
X_num, num_transform = normalize(
X_num,
transformations.normalization,
transformations.seed,
return_normalizer=True
)
num_transform = num_transform
if dataset.X_cat is None:
assert transformations.cat_nan_policy is None
assert transformations.cat_min_frequency is None
# assert transformations.cat_encoding is None
X_cat = None
else:
X_cat = cat_process_nans(dataset.X_cat, transformations.cat_nan_policy)
if transformations.cat_min_frequency is not None:
X_cat = cat_drop_rare(X_cat, transformations.cat_min_frequency)
X_cat, is_num, cat_transform = cat_encode(
X_cat,
transformations.cat_encoding,
dataset.y['train'],
transformations.seed,
return_encoder=True
)
if is_num:
X_num = (
X_cat
if X_num is None
else {x: np.hstack([X_num[x], X_cat[x]]) for x in X_num}
)
X_cat = None
y, y_info = build_target(dataset.y, transformations.y_policy, dataset.task_type)
dataset = replace(dataset, X_num=X_num, X_cat=X_cat, y=y, y_info=y_info)
dataset.num_transform = num_transform
dataset.cat_transform = cat_transform
if cache_path is not None:
util.dump_pickle((transformations, dataset), cache_path)
# if return_transforms:
# return dataset, num_transform, cat_transform
return dataset
def build_dataset(
path: Union[str, Path],
transformations: Transformations,
cache: bool
) -> Dataset:
path = Path(path)
dataset = Dataset.from_dir(path)
return transform_dataset(dataset, transformations, path if cache else None)
def prepare_tensors(
dataset: Dataset, device: Union[str, torch.device]
) -> Tuple[Optional[TensorDict], Optional[TensorDict], TensorDict]:
X_num, X_cat, Y = (
None if x is None else {k: torch.as_tensor(v) for k, v in x.items()}
for x in [dataset.X_num, dataset.X_cat, dataset.y]
)
if device.type != 'cpu':
X_num, X_cat, Y = (
None if x is None else {k: v.to(device) for k, v in x.items()}
for x in [X_num, X_cat, Y]
)
assert X_num is not None
assert Y is not None
if not dataset.is_multiclass:
Y = {k: v.float() for k, v in Y.items()}
return X_num, X_cat, Y
###############
## DataLoader##
###############
class TabDataset(torch.utils.data.Dataset):
def __init__(
self, dataset : Dataset, split : Literal['train', 'val', 'test']
):
super().__init__()
self.X_num = torch.from_numpy(dataset.X_num[split]) if dataset.X_num is not None else None
self.X_cat = torch.from_numpy(dataset.X_cat[split]) if dataset.X_cat is not None else None
self.y = torch.from_numpy(dataset.y[split])
assert self.y is not None
assert self.X_num is not None or self.X_cat is not None
def __len__(self):
return len(self.y)
def __getitem__(self, idx):
out_dict = {
'y': self.y[idx].long() if self.y is not None else None,
}
x = np.empty((0,))
if self.X_num is not None:
x = self.X_num[idx]
if self.X_cat is not None:
x = torch.cat([x, self.X_cat[idx]], dim=0)
return x.float(), out_dict
def prepare_dataloader(
dataset : Dataset,
split : str,
batch_size: int,
):
torch_dataset = TabDataset(dataset, split)
loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
torch_dataset,
batch_size=batch_size,
shuffle=(split == 'train'),
num_workers=1,
)
while True:
yield from loader
def prepare_torch_dataloader(
dataset : Dataset,
split : str,
shuffle : bool,
batch_size: int,
) -> torch.utils.data.DataLoader:
torch_dataset = TabDataset(dataset, split)
loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(torch_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=shuffle, num_workers=1)
return loader
def dataset_from_csv(paths : Dict[str, str], cat_features, target, T):
assert 'train' in paths
y = {}
X_num = {}
X_cat = {} if len(cat_features) else None
for split in paths.keys():
df = pd.read_csv(paths[split])
y[split] = df[target].to_numpy().astype(float)
if X_cat is not None:
X_cat[split] = df[cat_features].to_numpy().astype(str)
X_num[split] = df.drop(cat_features + [target], axis=1).to_numpy().astype(float)
dataset = Dataset(X_num, X_cat, y, {}, None, len(np.unique(y['train'])))
return transform_dataset(dataset, T, None)
class FastTensorDataLoader:
"""
A DataLoader-like object for a set of tensors that can be much faster than
TensorDataset + DataLoader because dataloader grabs individual indices of
the dataset and calls cat (slow).
Source: https://discuss.pytorch.org/t/dataloader-much-slower-than-manual-batching/27014/6
"""
def __init__(self, *tensors, batch_size=32, shuffle=False):
"""
Initialize a FastTensorDataLoader.
:param *tensors: tensors to store. Must have the same length @ dim 0.
:param batch_size: batch size to load.
:param shuffle: if True, shuffle the data *in-place* whenever an
iterator is created out of this object.
:returns: A FastTensorDataLoader.
"""
assert all(t.shape[0] == tensors[0].shape[0] for t in tensors)
self.tensors = tensors
self.dataset_len = self.tensors[0].shape[0]
self.batch_size = batch_size
self.shuffle = shuffle
# Calculate # batches
n_batches, remainder = divmod(self.dataset_len, self.batch_size)
if remainder > 0:
n_batches += 1
self.n_batches = n_batches
def __iter__(self):
if self.shuffle:
r = torch.randperm(self.dataset_len)
self.tensors = [t[r] for t in self.tensors]
self.i = 0
return self
def __next__(self):
if self.i >= self.dataset_len:
raise StopIteration
batch = tuple(t[self.i:self.i+self.batch_size] for t in self.tensors)
self.i += self.batch_size
return batch
def __len__(self):
return self.n_batches
def prepare_fast_dataloader(
D : Dataset,
split : str,
batch_size: int,
y_type: str = 'float'
):
if D.X_cat is not None:
if D.X_num is not None:
X = torch.from_numpy(np.concatenate([D.X_num[split], D.X_cat[split]], axis=1)).float()
else:
X = torch.from_numpy(D.X_cat[split]).float()
else:
X = torch.from_numpy(D.X_num[split]).float()
if y_type == 'float':
y = torch.from_numpy(D.y[split]).float()
else:
y = torch.from_numpy(D.y[split]).long()
dataloader = FastTensorDataLoader(X, y, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=(split=='train'))
while True:
yield from dataloader
def prepare_fast_torch_dataloader(
D : Dataset,
split : str,
batch_size: int
):
if D.X_cat is not None:
X = torch.from_numpy(np.concatenate([D.X_num[split], D.X_cat[split]], axis=1)).float()
else:
X = torch.from_numpy(D.X_num[split]).float()
y = torch.from_numpy(D.y[split])
dataloader = FastTensorDataLoader(X, y, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=(split=='train'))
return dataloader
def round_columns(X_real, X_synth, columns):
for col in columns:
uniq = np.unique(X_real[:,col])
dist = cdist(X_synth[:, col][:, np.newaxis].astype(float), uniq[:, np.newaxis].astype(float))
X_synth[:, col] = uniq[dist.argmin(axis=1)]
return X_synth
def concat_features(D : Dataset):
if D.X_num is None:
assert D.X_cat is not None
X = {k: pd.DataFrame(v, columns=range(D.n_features)) for k, v in D.X_cat.items()}
elif D.X_cat is None:
assert D.X_num is not None
X = {k: pd.DataFrame(v, columns=range(D.n_features)) for k, v in D.X_num.items()}
else:
X = {
part: pd.concat(
[
pd.DataFrame(D.X_num[part], columns=range(D.n_num_features)),
pd.DataFrame(
D.X_cat[part],
columns=range(D.n_num_features, D.n_features),
),
],
axis=1,
)
for part in D.y.keys()
}
return X
def concat_to_pd(X_num, X_cat, y):
if X_num is None:
return pd.concat([
pd.DataFrame(X_cat, columns=list(range(X_cat.shape[1]))),
pd.DataFrame(y, columns=['y'])
], axis=1)
if X_cat is not None:
return pd.concat([
pd.DataFrame(X_num, columns=list(range(X_num.shape[1]))),
pd.DataFrame(X_cat, columns=list(range(X_num.shape[1], X_num.shape[1] + X_cat.shape[1]))),
pd.DataFrame(y, columns=['y'])
], axis=1)
return pd.concat([
pd.DataFrame(X_num, columns=list(range(X_num.shape[1]))),
pd.DataFrame(y, columns=['y'])
], axis=1)
def read_pure_data(path, split='train'):
y = np.load(os.path.join(path, f'y_{split}.npy'), allow_pickle=True)
X_num = None
X_cat = None
if os.path.exists(os.path.join(path, f'X_num_{split}.npy')):
X_num = np.load(os.path.join(path, f'X_num_{split}.npy'), allow_pickle=True)
if os.path.exists(os.path.join(path, f'X_cat_{split}.npy')):
X_cat = np.load(os.path.join(path, f'X_cat_{split}.npy'), allow_pickle=True)
return X_num, X_cat, y
def read_changed_val(path, val_size=0.2):
path = Path(path)
X_num_train, X_cat_train, y_train = read_pure_data(path, 'train')
X_num_val, X_cat_val, y_val = read_pure_data(path, 'val')
is_regression = load_json(path / 'info.json')['task_type'] == 'regression'
y = np.concatenate([y_train, y_val], axis=0)
ixs = np.arange(y.shape[0])
if is_regression:
train_ixs, val_ixs = train_test_split(ixs, test_size=val_size, random_state=777)
else:
train_ixs, val_ixs = train_test_split(ixs, test_size=val_size, random_state=777, stratify=y)
y_train = y[train_ixs]
y_val = y[val_ixs]
if X_num_train is not None:
X_num = np.concatenate([X_num_train, X_num_val], axis=0)
X_num_train = X_num[train_ixs]
X_num_val = X_num[val_ixs]
if X_cat_train is not None:
X_cat = np.concatenate([X_cat_train, X_cat_val], axis=0)
X_cat_train = X_cat[train_ixs]
X_cat_val = X_cat[val_ixs]
return X_num_train, X_cat_train, y_train, X_num_val, X_cat_val, y_val
#############
def load_dataset_info(dataset_dir_name: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
path = Path("data/" + dataset_dir_name)
info = util.load_json(path / 'info.json')
info['size'] = info['train_size'] + info['val_size'] + info['test_size']
info['n_features'] = info['n_num_features'] + info['n_cat_features']
info['path'] = path
return info
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