# PregoPal Modal Deploy Guide

> Final update: 2026-06-12
> Covers both deploy.py (pre-built wheel) and deploy_omni.py (llama.cpp-omni full-duplex)

---

## 1. Deploy Solutions Comparison

| Aspect | Solution A (deploy.py) | Solution B (deploy_omni.py) |
|--------|----------------------|------------------------------|
| Engine | llama-cpp-python (mainline) | llama.cpp-omni (OpenBMB fork) |
| Capabilities | Text + Vision | Text + Vision + Audio + TTS + token2wav |
| Build method | Pre-built wheel (5s) | Source compile (~77min) |
| Image build time | 45s | ~77min |
| GPU | T4 | T4 / L4 |
| Deploy mode | @asgi_app() | @asgi_app() + llama-server subprocess |
| Status | Deployed (stable) | Compiled + inference verified on T4 |
| App name | prego-pal-minicpm | prego-pal-minicpm-omni |

**Solution B core difference**: Uses OpenBMB branch llama-server binary, supports multiple mmproj (vision + audio) and full-duplex TTS/STT.

---

## 2. Solution A: Pre-built wheel (deploy.py)

### Image Definition
```python
_image = (
    Image.debian_slim(python_version="3.11")
    .pip_install("fastapi", "uvicorn[standard]", "httpx", "numpy", "Pillow")
    .pip_install(
        "llama-cpp-python",
        extra_index_url="https://ggml-org.github.io/llama-cpp-python/whl/cu121",
    )
    .run_commands('python -c "import llama_cpp; print('OK')"')
)
```

### Key Parameters
- Model: MiniCPM-o-4_5-Q4_K_M.gguf + vision mmproj
- LLM: n_gpu_layers=-1, n_ctx=8192
- GPU: T4 (16GB VRAM)
- Concurrency: 10
- Idle timeout: 300s

### Deploy & Test
```bash
modal deploy modal_deploy.deploy
modal run modal_deploy.deploy::test_inference
curl https://andrew-jiabin--prego-pal-minicpm-serve.modal.run/health
```

---

## 3. Solution B: llama.cpp-omni source compile (deploy_omni.py)

> **⚠️ 这是已编译成功的 Production 版本。deploy_omni.py 及其配套的 llamacpp_omni/ 源码目录严禁随意修改或删除。**
> 任何修改必须经过完整编译验证（`modal run --detach -m modal_deploy.deploy_omni::diagnose_volume` 编译通过 + 模型加载正常），确认无误后方可合并。
> 当前成功的 Image ID: `im-AxWdR31ZWeEDIfXIPcxAhZ`（2026-06-11 编译）

### Architecture
```
FastAPI (ASGI) <-> llama-server (subprocess, 127.0.0.1:8081)
                   |
            Modal Volume: GGUF models (vision + audio + TTS + token2wav)
```

### Source
llama.cpp-omni (OpenBMB fork, no longer public). Using tc-mb/llama.cpp-omni fork.
Stored in: modal_deploy/llamacpp_omni/ (3411 files, 156MB).

### Build Dependencies (Debian 12 + CUDA 12.4)
```bash
# NVIDIA apt repo setup
curl -L -o /tmp/cuda-keyring.deb https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/debian12/x86_64/cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb
dpkg -i /tmp/cuda-keyring.deb
apt-get update
apt-get install -y cuda-toolkit-12-4 cuda-compiler-12-4 cuda-driver-dev-12-4
```

### CMake Flags
| Flag | Purpose |
|------|---------|
| `-DGGML_CUDA=ON` | CUDA backend |
| `-DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=ON` | Build llama-server |
| `-DLLAMA_CUDA_FORCE_MMQ=ON` | Simplify matrix multiply templates (faster compile) |
| `-DGGML_CUDA_NO_VMM=ON` | Skip libcuda.so.1 linking at build time |
| `-DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES='75;89'` | T4(sm_75) + L4(sm_89) |

### llama-server Launch Args
```bash
llama-server \
  -m /models/MiniCPM-o-4_5-gguf/MiniCPM-o-4_5-Q4_K_M.gguf \
  --mmproj /models/MiniCPM-o-4_5-gguf/vision/MiniCPM-o-4_5-vision-F16.gguf \
  # Note: --mmproj only accepts ONE file (vision). Audio encoder is
  # loaded via /v1/stream/omni_prefill API at runtime, NOT via --mmproj.
  --voxcpm2-base-lm /models/MiniCPM-o-4_5-gguf/tts/MiniCPM-o-4_5-tts-F16.gguf \
  --voxcpm2-acoustic /models/MiniCPM-o-4_5-gguf/tts/MiniCPM-o-4_5-projector-F16.gguf \
  --host 127.0.0.1 --port 8081 \
  -ngl 99 -c 8192 --no-mmap --jinja
```

### Deploy & Test
```bash
modal deploy modal_deploy.deploy_omni
modal run -m modal_deploy.deploy_omni::diagnose_volume
modal run --detach -m modal_deploy.deploy_omni::test_inference
```

### Test Results (2026-06-11, T4)

**Status**: ✅ Deployed to production on T4.

**Production URL**: `https://andrew-jiabin--prego-pal-minicpm-omni-serve.modal.run`

| Metric | Value |
|--------|-------|
| Cold start (model load) | ~9.5s |
| Chinese inference | 1.1s, 34 tokens, correct content |
| English inference | 1.3s, 50 tokens (truncated by max_tokens) |
| GPU memory (model) | ~11.6 GB |
| GPU memory (mmproj) | ~1.1 GB |
| VRAM left | ~2-3 GB |

**Example outputs**:
- **Chinese**: "你好，我是MiniCPM系列模型，由面壁智能和OpenBMB开源社区开发。..."
- **English**: Empty (finish_reason=length, 50 tokens of special tokens)

**Notes**:
- English inference returns empty content when max_tokens is low; the model generates special tokens first (e.g. `<|im_start|>assistant`). Use higher max_tokens or better prompt to get valid English output.
- `--jinja` flag is required for correct chat template formatting.

### API Endpoints
| Endpoint | Method | Description |
|----------|--------|-------------|
| /v1/chat/completions | POST | OpenAI compatible (chat, multimodal, streaming) |
| /v1/audio/speech | POST | TTS: text -> speech WAV |
| /v1/audio/speech/stream | POST | Streaming TTS |
| /v1/audio/transcriptions | POST | STT: speech -> text |
| /v1/embeddings | POST | Embeddings |
| /health | GET | Health check (includes audio/vision/TTS status) |
| /v1/models | GET | Model list |

---

## 4. Volume Management

### Volume Info
- Name: `minicpm-o-4_5-models`
- Mount: `/models`
- Structure: `/MiniCPM-o-4_5-gguf/`

### File Inventory (10 files, ~7.8 GB total)

| File | Size | Description |
|------|------|-------------|
| MiniCPM-o-4_5-Q4_K_M.gguf | 4.68 GB | Main model (Q4_K_M quantized) |
| vision/MiniCPM-o-4_5-vision-F16.gguf | 1.02 GB | Vision projector |
| audio/MiniCPM-o-4_5-audio-F16.gguf | 0.61 GB | Audio encoder |
| tts/MiniCPM-o-4_5-tts-F16.gguf | 1.08 GB | TTS BaseLM |
| tts/MiniCPM-o-4_5-projector-F16.gguf | 0.01 GB | TTS projector |
| token2wav-gguf/encoder.gguf | 0.14 GB | Token2wav encoder |
| token2wav-gguf/flow_extra.gguf | 0.01 GB | Flow extra |
| token2wav-gguf/flow_matching.gguf | 0.43 GB | Flow matching |
| token2wav-gguf/hifigan2.gguf | 0.08 GB | HiFiGAN decoder |
| token2wav-gguf/prompt_cache.gguf | 0.20 GB | Prompt cache |

### Commands
```bash
modal volume put minicpm-o-4_5-models ./models/MiniCPM-o-4_5-gguf /
modal volume ls minicpm-o-4_5-models
```

---

## 5. CLI Quick Reference

```bash
# Deploy
modal deploy modal_deploy.deploy                # Solution A
modal deploy modal_deploy.deploy_omni           # Solution B

# Dev (hot-reload, solution A only)
modal serve modal_deploy.deploy

# Volume diagnostics
modal run -m modal_deploy.deploy_omni::diagnose_volume

# Inference testing
modal run -m modal_deploy.deploy_omni::test_inference

# Detach mode (avoids disconnect killing build)
modal run --detach -m modal_deploy.deploy_omni::diagnose_volume

# Logs
modal app logs prego-pal-minicpm
modal app logs prego-pal-minicpm-omni

# List apps & clean up stopped apps
modal app list
```

---

## 6. Pitfalls Log

### 6.1 GitHub access blocked in Modal build containers
**Problem**: `git clone` from Modal build container fails (no auth).
**Fix**: Use `Image.add_local_dir()` with `copy=True` to ship source from local machine.

### 6.2 Debian-slim has no curl/wget
**Problem**: Minimal base image lacks download tools.
**Fix**: `apt_install("curl")` before `run_commands` that need downloads.

### 6.3 libcuda.so.1 linking failure at build time
**Problem**: Build container has no NVIDIA driver, linker cannot find libcuda.so.1.
**Root cause**: ggml-cuda.so links CUDA::cuda_driver (libcuda.so.1) for VMM support.
**Fix**: `-DGGML_CUDA_NO_VMM=ON` disables CUDA driver linking. Runtime Modal GPU container provides the real libcuda.so.1.

### 6.4 CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES syntax
**Problem**: `75,89` (comma-separated) causes cmake error.
**Fix**: `-DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES='75;89'` with semicolons and single quotes.

### 6.5 add_local_dir + run_commands ordering
**Problem**: Modal errors if `run_commands` comes after `add_local_dir` without `copy=True`.
**Fix**: `.add_local_dir(..., copy=True)` then `.run_commands(...)`.

### 6.6 Network disconnect kills running build
**Problem**: Local terminal disconnect terminates remote build.
**Workaround**: `modal run --detach` submits to cloud and returns immediately.
Monitor progress on Modal web UI.

---

## 7. Cost Estimation

| GPU | Price/hour | Per request (2s) | Monthly 1000 req |
|-----|-----------|-----------------|-----------------|
| T4 (Solution A+B) | $0.50/hr | $0.00028 | $0.28 |
| L4 (optional) | $0.42/hr | $0.00023 | $0.23 |
| A100 (baseline) | $1.50/hr | $0.00083 | $0.83 |

---

---

## 8. 🔴 Production Script Protect

The following files are **PRODUCTION ASSETS** — do not modify or delete without full rebuild verification:

| File | Reason |
|------|--------|
| `modal_deploy/deploy_omni.py` | Main deploy script for full-duplex Solution B. Build proven working. |
| `modal_deploy/llamacpp_omni/` | llama.cpp-omni source (3411 files). Exact checkout used for successful build. |
| `modal_deploy/build_llama_server.sh` | Scratchpad local cross-compile attempt (unused, but committed). |

**Verification required before merge**: `modal run --detach -m modal_deploy.deploy_omni::diagnose_volume` must pass.

---

## 9. File Map

| File | Description |
|------|-------------|
| modal_deploy/deploy.py | Solution A: FastAPI + llama-cpp-python (deployed) |
| modal_deploy/deploy_omni.py | Solution B: FastAPI + llama-server subprocess |
| modal_deploy/deploy_backup.py | Solution A backup |
| modal_deploy/llamacpp_omni/ | llama.cpp-omni source (3411 files, 156MB) |
| modal_deploy/client.py | Python API client (OpenAI compatible) |
| modal_deploy/README.md | Deploy instructions |
| modal_deploy/build_llama_server.sh | Local cross-compile script (unused) |
| docs/README_modal_deploy.md | This file - comprehensive guide |