"""Model registry + cached loader for serving real models behind the app (F006).

The Gradio app injects its policy through ``build_demo(policy_factory=...)``,
called once per ask. This module is the real-model side of that seam: a small
registry of selectable models and a cached loader that returns a ready ``Policy``.

FORMAT PARITY (non-negotiable): serving reuses ``ModelPolicy`` verbatim, which
routes every formatting decision through the single source of truth
``server/tooling.py`` — the same system prompt (``get_system_prompt``), the same
tool JSON schema (``get_tool_definitions``), the same chat-template rendering, and
the same ``<tool_call>{...}</tool_call>`` parser (``parse_action``). There is NO
second parser and NO alternate prompt here. Each model's ``enable_thinking`` is set
from its training config so ``/no_think`` matches training (all current: False).

CACHING (the pitfall): the factory is called once PER ASK. We must NOT reload
multi-GB weights per question. ``_LOADED`` caches ``(model, tokenizer)`` per key
(loaded at most once per process); ``get_policy`` returns a FRESH ``ModelPolicy``
each call wrapping the shared model — fresh per-episode transcript, cheap to build.

ZeroGPU: the load happens in the PARENT process (``preload_available`` at startup,
or lazily on first ask) so a per-call ``@spaces.GPU`` fork inherits the cache;
``_maybe_to_cuda`` is the only torch touch in the load path (see the serve plan's
ZeroGPU fork-and-cache note).

Dep-light at import: torch/transformers are pulled only when a real model is
actually loaded (``_load_model_and_tokenizer`` / ``_maybe_to_cuda`` import them
lazily), so importing this module — and building the selector UI — stays headless.
"""

from __future__ import annotations

from dataclasses import dataclass
import logging
from typing import Any

try:  # package import (canonical) then flat-layout / direct-run fallback
    from ..evaluation.model_policy import ModelPolicy
    from ..evaluation.policies import Policy
except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover - flat-layout fallback
    from evaluation.model_policy import ModelPolicy  # type: ignore[no-redef]
    from evaluation.policies import Policy  # type: ignore[no-redef]

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# The no-model deterministic default. Handled by the app (it owns _DemoScriptPolicy +
# the active_db_id plumbing); never routed through get_policy (avoids a serving<->app_ui
# import cycle).
DEMO_KEY = "demo"


class ModelUnavailableError(RuntimeError):
    """A registered model is selected but not yet published/loadable."""


@dataclass(frozen=True)
class ModelSpec:
    """One selectable model.

    ``source`` is an HF repo id or a local dir (empty for the demo entry).
    ``enable_thinking`` MUST match how the model was trained (parity). ``available``
    is False for a model not yet on the Hub; flip it once F008 pushes it.
    """

    label: str
    source: str
    enable_thinking: bool = False
    revision: str | None = None
    is_demo: bool = False
    available: bool = True


# Ordered: the demo is first (the default). The fine-tuned slot is wired but disabled
# until F008 pushes it to the Hub — flipping ``available=True`` lights up the dropdown
# entry with no other change. All current models trained with enable_thinking=False
# (configs/modal_1p7b_fullft_v2.json: "enable_thinking": false), so /no_think matches.
MODEL_REGISTRY: dict[str, ModelSpec] = {
    DEMO_KEY: ModelSpec(
        label="Demo — scripted, no model (instant)",
        source="",
        is_demo=True,
    ),
    "qwen3-0.6b": ModelSpec(
        label="Qwen3-0.6B — vanilla (not fine-tuned)",
        source="Qwen/Qwen3-0.6B",
    ),
    "qwen3-1.7b": ModelSpec(
        label="Qwen3-1.7B — vanilla (not fine-tuned)",
        source="Qwen/Qwen3-1.7B",
    ),
    "sqlenv-1.7b-grpo-v2": ModelSpec(
        label="Qwen3-1.7B — fine-tuned on SQLEnv (GRPO v2)",
        source="hjerpe/sqlenv-qwen3-1.7b-grpo-v2",
        available=True,  # published 2026-06-14 to the Hub (public)
    ),
}

# Module-level cache: key -> (model, tokenizer). Populated lazily on first real request
# (or eagerly by preload_available). Never holds the demo key.
_LOADED: dict[str, tuple[Any, Any]] = {}


def default_model_key() -> str:
    """The dropdown's default selection — the instant, offline demo."""
    return DEMO_KEY


def get_spec(key: str) -> ModelSpec | None:
    """The ``ModelSpec`` for ``key`` (None if unknown)."""
    return MODEL_REGISTRY.get(key)


def dropdown_choices(*, include_unavailable: bool = True) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
    """``(label, key)`` pairs for ``gr.Dropdown(choices=...)``.

    Demo first, then available models. Unavailable (not-yet-pushed) models are
    shown with a "coming soon" suffix when ``include_unavailable`` so the roadmap is
    visible; selecting one is gated in the app (and ``get_policy`` raises
    ``ModelUnavailableError``).
    """
    choices: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
    for key, spec in MODEL_REGISTRY.items():
        if spec.is_demo or spec.available:
            choices.append((spec.label, key))
        elif include_unavailable:
            choices.append((f"{spec.label} — coming soon", key))
    return choices


def _load_model_and_tokenizer(source: str, revision: str | None) -> tuple[Any, Any]:
    """Lazy wrapper over the shared loader (keeps training imports off the hot path)."""
    try:
        from ..training.data_loading import load_model_and_tokenizer
    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover - flat-layout fallback
        from training.data_loading import (  # type: ignore[no-redef]
            load_model_and_tokenizer,
        )
    # "auto" loads in the checkpoint's native dtype (bf16 for our Qwen3 models) —
    # halves memory vs the fp32 default, which matters on the ZeroGPU parent that
    # holds every preloaded model. Tool-call FORMAT parity is unaffected by dtype.
    return load_model_and_tokenizer(source, revision=revision, torch_dtype="auto")


def _maybe_to_cuda(model: Any) -> Any:
    """Place the model on CUDA — the GPU-placement step of the load path.

    On a ZeroGPU Space, ``import spaces`` (done first in ``app.py``) enables a CUDA
    emulation, so moving to ``cuda`` at load time is the REQUIRED pattern; the model
    is materialized on the real GPU inside ``@spaces.GPU``. ``cuda.is_available()`` is
    False on the startup container, so we must NOT guard on it. On a CPU-only box
    ``.to("cuda")`` raises, so we fall back to CPU.
    """
    try:
        return model.to("cuda")
    except Exception:  # CPU fallback when no CUDA is available (e.g. local dev)
        return model


def _ensure_loaded(key: str) -> tuple[Any, Any]:
    """Load ``(model, tokenizer)`` for ``key`` once; cache and return it."""
    cached = _LOADED.get(key)
    if cached is not None:
        return cached
    spec = MODEL_REGISTRY[key]
    logger.info("Loading model %r from %s ...", key, spec.source)
    model, tokenizer = _load_model_and_tokenizer(spec.source, spec.revision)
    model = _maybe_to_cuda(model)
    model.eval()
    _LOADED[key] = (model, tokenizer)
    return _LOADED[key]


def get_policy(key: str) -> Policy:
    """Return a FRESH ``ModelPolicy`` for ``key`` (loads weights once, then caches).

    Cheap per call: ensures the shared ``(model, tokenizer)`` is loaded, then wraps
    it in a new ``ModelPolicy`` (fresh per-episode transcript). Raises for the demo
    key (built by the app) and for unavailable models.
    """
    spec = MODEL_REGISTRY.get(key)
    if spec is None:
        raise KeyError(f"Unknown model key: {key!r}")
    if spec.is_demo:
        raise ValueError("the demo policy is built by the app, not serving.get_policy")
    if not spec.available:
        raise ModelUnavailableError(
            f"Model {key!r} ({spec.source}) is not published yet — "
            "push it to the Hub (F008) and set available=True."
        )
    model, tokenizer = _ensure_loaded(key)
    return ModelPolicy(model, tokenizer, enable_thinking=spec.enable_thinking)


def preload_available() -> list[str]:
    """Eager-load every available real model into the cache (call at Space startup).

    Runs in the PARENT process so a later per-ask ``@spaces.GPU`` fork inherits the
    loaded weights (ZeroGPU does not persist state created inside the GPU call). A
    failed preload is logged and skipped — that model simply loads lazily on first
    ask. Returns the keys successfully preloaded.
    """
    loaded: list[str] = []
    for key, spec in MODEL_REGISTRY.items():
        if spec.is_demo or not spec.available:
            continue
        try:
            _ensure_loaded(key)
            loaded.append(key)
        except Exception:  # never let a bad preload crash startup
            logger.warning(
                "Preload failed for %r (%s); it will load lazily on first ask.",
                key,
                spec.source,
                exc_info=True,
            )
    return loaded