{ "schema_version": "2.0", "title": "Lab Marker Knowledge Graph", "purpose": "Educational knowledge graph for common laboratory markers used by Blood Test Explainer. It supports explanation agents, not diagnosis or treatment.", "medical_disclaimer": "Reference intervals vary by laboratory method, sex, pregnancy status, altitude, acute illness, medications, and clinical context. Abnormal values should be interpreted by a qualified clinician.", "age_group_definitions": { "child": "1-12 years, excluding neonates/infants when a source gave separate infant intervals", "teenager": "13-17 years", "adult": "18-64 years", "elder": "65+ years; adult CBC intervals are reused unless a source provides an elder-specific or sex-specific threshold" }, "sex_definitions": { "male": "Patient sex category as reported by the lab or patient record. Do not infer from name.", "female": "Patient sex category as reported by the lab or patient record. Pregnancy, menstruation, menopause, and hormone therapy can change interpretation.", "unknown": "Use when sex is absent, unclear, nonbinary, or not safely mappable to a binary lab reference interval. Prefer the lab-provided reference range and show a caution." }, "sex_significance_policy": "Agents should extract patient sex when present and pass it through the pipeline. For markers with sex_specific_statistics_per_group_age, prefer the sex-specific interval over the age-only fallback. If sex is unknown or the patient context does not fit binary lab intervals, use the lab's own reference range first and explain that sex-specific interpretation may require clinician review.", "statistics_method": "For each age group, minimal_value and maximum_value represent the lower and upper educational reference interval endpoints. normal_value is the midpoint of that interval, rounded to 2 decimals where useful. Age-only statistics are fallback ranges; sex_specific_statistics_per_group_age is preferred when present and patient sex is known.", "sources": { "medlineplus_cbc": "https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/", "medlineplus_rbc": "https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/red-blood-cell-rbc-count/", "medlineplus_differential": "https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/blood-differential/", "medlineplus_differential_encyclopedia": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003657.htm", "medlineplus_esr": "https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/erythrocyte-sedimentation-rate-esr/", "uiowa_cbc_reference": "https://www.healthcare.uiowa.edu/path_handbook/handbook/test299.html", "uiowa_pediatric_reference": "https://www.healthcare.uiowa.edu/path_handbook/appendix/heme/pediatric_normals.html", "seattle_childrens_hematocrit": "https://seattlechildrenslab.testcatalog.org/show/LAB289--1", "seattle_childrens_platelet": "https://seattlechildrenslab.testcatalog.org/show/LAB301-1", "seattle_childrens_esr": "https://seattlechildrenslab.testcatalog.org/show/LAB322-1", "uchicago_cbc_diff": "https://uchicagomedlabs.testcatalog.org/show/CBCDIFF-1", "uchicago_esr_reference": "https://uchicagomedlabs.testcatalog.org/show/ESR-1", "cleveland_clinic_esr": "https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/17747-sed-rate-erythrocyte-sedimentation-rate-or-esr-test", "nih_ods_iron": "https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iron-HealthProfessional/", "nih_ods_b12": "https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/", "nih_ods_folate": "https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Folate-HealthProfessional/", "cdc_physical_activity": "https://www.cdc.gov/physical-activity-basics/guidelines/index.html" }, "tests": [ { "id": "acth", "display_name": "ACTH", "aliases": [ "Adrenocorticotropic Hormone" ], "category": "Hormone", "unit": "pg/mL", "description": "ACTH measures pituitary signal that drives cortisol production.", "why_important": "A high ACTH may appear when the adrenal glands are underactive or in certain tumors. A low ACTH may appear with steroid use or pituitary causes of low cortisol.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support hormone health with adequate protein, healthy fats, fiber, and micronutrients.", "Avoid extreme dieting or rapid weight changes unless medically supervised." ], "exercises": [ "Use resistance training and sleep regularity to support hormonal balance.", "Adjust training load during symptomatic hormone disorders." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid unsupervised hormone-boosting products.", "Use prescribed hormone therapies only under endocrine or reproductive specialist guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 7, "normal_value": 35.0, "maximum_value": 63 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 7, "normal_value": 35.0, "maximum_value": 63 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 7, "normal_value": 35.0, "maximum_value": 63 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 7, "normal_value": 35.0, "maximum_value": 63 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rk2b3X6CU4w" }, { "id": "albumin", "display_name": "Albumin", "aliases": [ "ALB" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "g/dL", "description": "Albumin measures main protein made by the liver.", "why_important": "A high albumin most often reflects dehydration. A low albumin can reflect nutrition, inflammation, or liver/kidney conditions.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 3.5, "normal_value": 4.25, "maximum_value": 5.0 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 3.5, "normal_value": 4.25, "maximum_value": 5.0 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 3.5, "normal_value": 4.25, "maximum_value": 5.0 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 3.5, "normal_value": 4.25, "maximum_value": 5.0 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1LhGUAUsDg" }, { "id": "alp", "display_name": "ALP", "aliases": [ "Alkaline Phosphatase" ], "category": "Liver", "unit": "U/L", "description": "ALP measures enzyme from liver and bone.", "why_important": "A high alkaline phosphatase can come from the liver/bile ducts or from bone; growth and pregnancy also raise it. A low ALP is uncommon and rarely significant.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Limit alcohol and avoid unnecessary hepatotoxic exposures when liver enzymes are abnormal.", "Choose balanced meals with vegetables, fiber, and moderate healthy fats." ], "exercises": [ "Stay active within symptom limits; avoid heavy alcohol-related training recovery patterns.", "Seek medical review before intense exercise if jaundice or severe abdominal pain is present." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid unverified liver detox products.", "Discuss medication, herb, and supplement use because many affect liver tests." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 44, "normal_value": 95.5, "maximum_value": 147 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 44, "normal_value": 95.5, "maximum_value": 147 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 44, "normal_value": 95.5, "maximum_value": 147 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 44, "normal_value": 95.5, "maximum_value": 147 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4E9KXGXUXcs" }, { "id": "alpha_fetoprotein", "display_name": "Alpha-Fetoprotein", "aliases": [ "AFP" ], "category": "Oncology", "unit": "ng/mL", "description": "Alpha-Fetoprotein measures tumor marker used in liver and germ-cell tumor follow-up.", "why_important": "A high AFP may be used in liver or germ-cell tumor evaluation and can also rise in pregnancy or liver disease. A low AFP is expected outside pregnancy and monitoring contexts.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Follow a balanced, nutrient-dense diet unless oncology care provides specific restrictions.", "Limit charred processed meats and excess alcohol when discussing cancer screening markers." ], "exercises": [ "Stay physically active within the limits of prostate or oncology follow-up plans.", "Report new urinary, bone, or systemic symptoms promptly." ], "supplements": [ "Do not use high-dose supplements to try to normalize screening markers without specialist input.", "Discuss PSA changes with a clinician rather than self-interpreting a single value." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 5.0, "normal_value": 7.5, "maximum_value": 10 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 5.0, "normal_value": 7.5, "maximum_value": 10 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 5.0, "normal_value": 7.5, "maximum_value": 10 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 5.0, "normal_value": 7.5, "maximum_value": 10 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CKp-TnOWDOg" }, { "id": "alt", "display_name": "ALT", "aliases": [ "Alanine Aminotransferase", "SGPT" ], "category": "Liver", "unit": "U/L", "description": "ALT measures liver enzyme released when liver cells are stressed.", "why_important": "ALT is usually interpreted as a liver enzyme, but it can also rise with skeletal muscle injury; fatty liver, alcohol, medications, viral hepatitis, CK, AST, and GGT help provide context. A low ALT is not typically a concern.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Limit alcohol and avoid unnecessary hepatotoxic exposures when liver enzymes are abnormal.", "Choose balanced meals with vegetables, fiber, and moderate healthy fats." ], "exercises": [ "Stay active within symptom limits; avoid heavy alcohol-related training recovery patterns.", "Seek medical review before intense exercise if jaundice or severe abdominal pain is present." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid unverified liver detox products.", "Discuss medication, herb, and supplement use because many affect liver tests." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 7, "normal_value": 31.5, "maximum_value": 56 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 7, "normal_value": 31.5, "maximum_value": 56 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 7, "normal_value": 31.5, "maximum_value": 56 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 7, "normal_value": 31.5, "maximum_value": 56 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZDGfAuQHA-w" }, { "id": "ammonia", "display_name": "Ammonia", "aliases": [ "NH3", "Blood Ammonia" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "mcg/dL", "description": "Ammonia measures waste product processed by the liver.", "why_important": "A high ammonia may relate to liver disease and can affect mental status. A low ammonia is not typically significant.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 15, "normal_value": 30.0, "maximum_value": 45 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 15, "normal_value": 30.0, "maximum_value": 45 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 15, "normal_value": 30.0, "maximum_value": 45 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 15, "normal_value": 30.0, "maximum_value": 45 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kHB5e-4q7l8" }, { "id": "amylase", "display_name": "Amylase", "aliases": [ "AMS" ], "category": "Liver", "unit": "U/L", "description": "Amylase measures pancreatic and salivary enzyme for starch digestion.", "why_important": "A high amylase may reflect pancreatic or salivary-gland inflammation. A low amylase is rarely significant.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Limit alcohol and avoid unnecessary hepatotoxic exposures when liver enzymes are abnormal.", "Choose balanced meals with vegetables, fiber, and moderate healthy fats." ], "exercises": [ "Stay active within symptom limits; avoid heavy alcohol-related training recovery patterns.", "Seek medical review before intense exercise if jaundice or severe abdominal pain is present." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid unverified liver detox products.", "Discuss medication, herb, and supplement use because many affect liver tests." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 25, "normal_value": 75.0, "maximum_value": 125 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 25, "normal_value": 75.0, "maximum_value": 125 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 25, "normal_value": 75.0, "maximum_value": 125 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 25, "normal_value": 75.0, "maximum_value": 125 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTbimcKKlKQ" }, { "id": "androstenedione", "display_name": "Androstenedione", "aliases": [ "A4" ], "category": "Hormone", "unit": "ng/dL", "description": "Androstenedione measures androgen precursor made by adrenal glands and gonads.", "why_important": "A high androstenedione may reflect increased adrenal or ovarian androgen production. A low androstenedione is usually interpreted only in endocrine context.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support hormone health with adequate protein, healthy fats, fiber, and micronutrients.", "Avoid extreme dieting or rapid weight changes unless medically supervised." ], "exercises": [ "Use resistance training and sleep regularity to support hormonal balance.", "Adjust training load during symptomatic hormone disorders." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid unsupervised hormone-boosting products.", "Use prescribed hormone therapies only under endocrine or reproductive specialist guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 30, "normal_value": 115.0, "maximum_value": 200 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 30, "normal_value": 115.0, "maximum_value": 200 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 30, "normal_value": 115.0, "maximum_value": 200 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 30, "normal_value": 115.0, "maximum_value": 200 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BmIKhnE-G04" }, { "id": "anion_gap", "display_name": "Anion Gap", "aliases": [ "AG" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "mEq/L", "description": "Anion Gap measures calculated gap from electrolytes suggesting acid-base issues.", "why_important": "A high anion gap often points to acid buildup from ketones, lactate, toxins, or kidney failure. A low anion gap is uncommon and usually less urgent.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 7, "normal_value": 10.0, "maximum_value": 13 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 7, "normal_value": 10.0, "maximum_value": 13 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 7, "normal_value": 10.0, "maximum_value": 13 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 7, "normal_value": 10.0, "maximum_value": 13 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G2NFzqdRWcU" }, { "id": "anti_ccp_antibodies", "display_name": "Anti-CCP Antibodies", "aliases": [ "Anti CCP", "CCP Antibodies", "Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies" ], "category": "Inflammation", "unit": "U/mL", "description": "Anti-CCP Antibodies measures autoantibodies associated with rheumatoid arthritis.", "why_important": "A high anti-CCP result is more specific for rheumatoid arthritis than rheumatoid factor in the right symptom pattern. A low anti-CCP result makes anti-CCP-positive rheumatoid arthritis less likely.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Use an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern rich in vegetables, fruit, legumes, and omega-3 sources.", "Limit excess alcohol and ultra-processed foods when inflammation markers are high." ], "exercises": [ "Use regular moderate exercise, which can lower chronic inflammation over time.", "Rest during acute infection or inflammatory flares as advised by a clinician." ], "supplements": [ "Treat the underlying cause rather than relying on generic anti-inflammatory supplements.", "Discuss persistent abnormal inflammatory markers with a clinician." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 10.0, "normal_value": 15.0, "maximum_value": 20 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 10.0, "normal_value": 15.0, "maximum_value": 20 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 10.0, "normal_value": 15.0, "maximum_value": 20 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 10.0, "normal_value": 15.0, "maximum_value": 20 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EB5zxdAQGzU" }, { "id": "anti_mullerian_hormone", "display_name": "Anti-Mullerian Hormone", "aliases": [ "AMH", "Anti Mullerian Hormone" ], "category": "Hormone", "unit": "ng/mL", "description": "Anti-Mullerian Hormone measures ovarian reserve-related hormone.", "why_important": "A high AMH may appear with a high ovarian follicle count, including some PCOS patterns. A low AMH may suggest lower ovarian reserve for age, but it does not predict natural fertility by itself.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support hormone health with adequate protein, healthy fats, fiber, and micronutrients.", "Avoid extreme dieting or rapid weight changes unless medically supervised." ], "exercises": [ "Use resistance training and sleep regularity to support hormonal balance.", "Adjust training load during symptomatic hormone disorders." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid unsupervised hormone-boosting products.", "Use prescribed hormone therapies only under endocrine or reproductive specialist guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 1, "normal_value": 2.5, "maximum_value": 4 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 1, "normal_value": 2.5, "maximum_value": 4 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 1, "normal_value": 2.5, "maximum_value": 4 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 1, "normal_value": 2.5, "maximum_value": 4 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiZSaDr2cBY" }, { "id": "anti_tpo_antibodies", "display_name": "Anti-TPO Antibodies", "aliases": [ "TPO Antibodies", "Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies", "Anti-TPO" ], "category": "Thyroid", "unit": "IU/mL", "description": "Anti-TPO Antibodies measures antibodies against thyroid peroxidase.", "why_important": "Anti-TPO antibodies suggest autoimmune thyroid disease such as Hashimoto's. A negative or low Anti-TPO is expected in most people without autoimmune thyroid disease.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Ensure adequate iodine and selenium from a balanced diet unless a clinician advises otherwise.", "Keep a stable diet around thyroid testing when possible." ], "exercises": [ "Match activity to thyroid symptoms such as fatigue, palpitations, or heat intolerance.", "Build up gradually after thyroid treatment changes." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid starting high-dose iodine or thyroid-support supplements without medical supervision.", "Take prescribed thyroid medication consistently and separately from interfering foods or supplements." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 17.5, "normal_value": 26.25, "maximum_value": 35 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 17.5, "normal_value": 26.25, "maximum_value": 35 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 17.5, "normal_value": 26.25, "maximum_value": 35 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 17.5, "normal_value": 26.25, "maximum_value": 35 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kg9fQ3A9IOA" }, { "id": "apolipoprotein_a1", "display_name": "Apolipoprotein A-1", "aliases": [ "Apo A-1", "ApoA1" ], "category": "Lipid", "unit": "mg/dL", "description": "Apolipoprotein A-1 measures main protein on HDL particles.", "why_important": "A higher Apo A-1 is generally associated with more HDL and lower cardiovascular risk. A low Apo A-1 may accompany low HDL and higher risk.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Emphasize fiber-rich plants, fish, legumes, nuts, and unsaturated fats.", "Reduce trans fats, excess saturated fat, and refined carbohydrates when triglycerides or LDL are high." ], "exercises": [ "Use regular aerobic and resistance exercise to support lipid and cardiovascular health.", "Maintain consistency rather than extreme short-term training bursts." ], "supplements": [ "Discuss statins, fibrates, omega-3 prescriptions, or other lipid therapies with a clinician.", "Do not rely on unproven supplement cocktails for cholesterol management." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 120, "normal_value": 150.0, "maximum_value": 180.0 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 120, "normal_value": 150.0, "maximum_value": 180.0 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 120, "normal_value": 150.0, "maximum_value": 180.0 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 120, "normal_value": 150.0, "maximum_value": 180.0 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ckkpnuqDyLA" }, { "id": "apolipoprotein_b", "display_name": "Apolipoprotein B", "aliases": [ "Apo B", "ApoB" ], "category": "Lipid", "unit": "mg/dL", "description": "Apolipoprotein B measures protein on LDL and related particles.", "why_important": "Apo B reflects the number of LDL-like particles and is linked to plaque risk. A low Apo B is generally favorable.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Emphasize fiber-rich plants, fish, legumes, nuts, and unsaturated fats.", "Reduce trans fats, excess saturated fat, and refined carbohydrates when triglycerides or LDL are high." ], "exercises": [ "Use regular aerobic and resistance exercise to support lipid and cardiovascular health.", "Maintain consistency rather than extreme short-term training bursts." ], "supplements": [ "Discuss statins, fibrates, omega-3 prescriptions, or other lipid therapies with a clinician.", "Do not rely on unproven supplement cocktails for cholesterol management." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 45.0, "normal_value": 67.5, "maximum_value": 90 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 45.0, "normal_value": 67.5, "maximum_value": 90 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 45.0, "normal_value": 67.5, "maximum_value": 90 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 45.0, "normal_value": 67.5, "maximum_value": 90 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V7ywq_s7ATk" }, { "id": "aptt", "display_name": "aPTT", "aliases": [ "PTT", "APTT", "Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time" ], "category": "Coagulation", "unit": "seconds", "description": "aPTT measures time for the intrinsic clotting pathway.", "why_important": "A prolonged aPTT may relate to heparin, lupus anticoagulant, or clotting-factor deficiency. A shorter aPTT is rarely flagged alone.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Maintain consistent vitamin K intake if on warfarin, rather than large day-to-day swings.", "Use a balanced diet unless anticoagulation counseling specifies otherwise." ], "exercises": [ "Stay active, but use contact-sport caution when bleeding risk is elevated.", "Seek urgent care for unexplained bruising, bleeding, or clot symptoms." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid starting aspirin, fish oil, or herbals that affect clotting without clinician review.", "Take anticoagulants exactly as prescribed and monitor INR/PT when required." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 25, "normal_value": 30.0, "maximum_value": 35 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 25, "normal_value": 30.0, "maximum_value": 35 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 25, "normal_value": 30.0, "maximum_value": 35 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 25, "normal_value": 30.0, "maximum_value": 35 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uiFicYWMZL0" }, { "id": "ast", "display_name": "AST", "aliases": [ "Aspartate Aminotransferase", "SGOT" ], "category": "Liver", "unit": "U/L", "description": "AST measures enzyme from liver and muscle cells.", "why_important": "AST rises with liver stress but also comes from skeletal muscle; CK and GGT can help separate muscle from liver or bile-duct patterns. A low AST is not typically a concern.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Limit alcohol and avoid unnecessary hepatotoxic exposures when liver enzymes are abnormal.", "Choose balanced meals with vegetables, fiber, and moderate healthy fats." ], "exercises": [ "Stay active within symptom limits; avoid heavy alcohol-related training recovery patterns.", "Seek medical review before intense exercise if jaundice or severe abdominal pain is present." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid unverified liver detox products.", "Discuss medication, herb, and supplement use because many affect liver tests." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 10, "normal_value": 25.0, "maximum_value": 40 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 10, "normal_value": 25.0, "maximum_value": 40 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 10, "normal_value": 25.0, "maximum_value": 40 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 10, "normal_value": 25.0, "maximum_value": 40 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7_-ZtM0TieA" }, { "id": "band_neutrophils_percent", "display_name": "Band Neutrophils Percent", "aliases": [ "Band Neutrophil %", "Band Neutrophils", "Band %", "Bands", "Stab Neutrophils" ], "category": "CBC", "unit": "%", "description": "Band Neutrophils Percent measures percentage of immature neutrophils in the white-cell differential.", "why_important": "A high band neutrophil percentage may suggest a left shift, often seen when the marrow is releasing immature neutrophils during infection, inflammation, or physiologic stress. A low band neutrophil percentage is usually expected and not clinically significant on its own.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support healthy blood production with balanced protein, iron, B12, folate, and vitamin C from whole foods.", "Stay well hydrated unless a clinician advises fluid restriction." ], "exercises": [ "Use moderate activity as tolerated when blood counts are stable.", "Avoid intense training if anemia, infection, or bleeding symptoms are present until evaluated." ], "supplements": [ "Discuss iron, B12, or folate supplementation only when testing supports a deficiency.", "Do not start blood-building supplements without clinician guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 3.0, "maximum_value": 6 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 3.0, "maximum_value": 6 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 3.0, "maximum_value": 6 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 3.0, "maximum_value": 6 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AvVnjqShhWE" }, { "id": "bas_absolute", "display_name": "Absolute Basophil Count", "aliases": [ "ABC", "Basophils Absolute", "Abs Basophils", "Absolute Basophil Count" ], "category": "CBC", "unit": "10^3/uL", "description": "Absolute Basophil Count measures count of histamine-related white cells.", "why_important": "A high basophil count is uncommon and may relate to allergy or certain blood disorders. A low basophil count is usually not significant.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support healthy blood production with balanced protein, iron, B12, folate, and vitamin C from whole foods.", "Stay well hydrated unless a clinician advises fluid restriction." ], "exercises": [ "Use moderate activity as tolerated when blood counts are stable.", "Avoid intense training if anemia, infection, or bleeding symptoms are present until evaluated." ], "supplements": [ "Discuss iron, B12, or folate supplementation only when testing supports a deficiency.", "Do not start blood-building supplements without clinician guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 0.1, "maximum_value": 0.2 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 0.1, "maximum_value": 0.2 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 0.1, "maximum_value": 0.2 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 0.1, "maximum_value": 0.2 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sRIjKEkjWmU" }, { "id": "bas_percent", "display_name": "Basophils Percent", "aliases": [ "BAS%", "Basophil %", "Basophils" ], "category": "CBC differential", "unit": "%", "description": "Basophil percentage is the share of white blood cells that are basophils, cells that release mediators during allergic and asthma-related reactions.", "why_important": "Basophils are usually a small fraction of WBCs; persistent elevation can be relevant in allergy, inflammation, or some marrow disorders.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "Basophil percentage is typically interpreted without separate male and female thresholds.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "No diet directly targets basophils.", "If allergies are relevant, avoid confirmed triggers and maintain balanced nutrition.", "Seek medical review for persistent elevation rather than self-treating." ], "exercises": [ "Exercise as tolerated; avoid exposure-triggered activity if asthma or allergic symptoms are active.", "Rest during acute allergic or inflammatory episodes if symptoms are significant." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid supplement-only management for abnormal basophils.", "Review medications, allergy history, and repeat testing with a clinician when needed." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 0.5, "normal_value": 0.75, "maximum_value": 1 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 0.5, "normal_value": 0.75, "maximum_value": 1 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 0.5, "normal_value": 0.75, "maximum_value": 1 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 0.5, "normal_value": 0.75, "maximum_value": 1 } }, "related_tests": [ "wbc", "eos_percent" ], "source_ids": [ "medlineplus_differential", "medlineplus_differential_encyclopedia" ], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUAVvLkcN0M" }, { "id": "beta_2_microglobulin", "display_name": "Beta-2 Microglobulin", "aliases": [ "B2M", "β2-Microglobulin" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "mg/L", "description": "Beta-2 Microglobulin measures small protein from cell turnover; kidney and immune marker.", "why_important": "A high beta-2 microglobulin may reflect increased cell turnover, kidney impairment, or certain blood conditions. A low beta-2 microglobulin is not typically significant.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 0.7, "normal_value": 1.25, "maximum_value": 1.8 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 0.7, "normal_value": 1.25, "maximum_value": 1.8 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 0.7, "normal_value": 1.25, "maximum_value": 1.8 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 0.7, "normal_value": 1.25, "maximum_value": 1.8 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i2-_4wk30po" }, { "id": "beta_hcg", "display_name": "Beta-hCG", "aliases": [ "β-hCG", "Human Chorionic Gonadotropin", "hCG" ], "category": "Hormone", "unit": "mIU/mL", "description": "Beta-hCG measures pregnancy-associated hormone also used in some tumor monitoring.", "why_important": "A high beta-hCG most commonly reflects pregnancy, but it is also used in some pregnancy complications and tumor monitoring. A low or negative beta-hCG makes pregnancy less likely at the time tested.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support hormone health with adequate protein, healthy fats, fiber, and micronutrients.", "Avoid extreme dieting or rapid weight changes unless medically supervised." ], "exercises": [ "Use resistance training and sleep regularity to support hormonal balance.", "Adjust training load during symptomatic hormone disorders." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid unsupervised hormone-boosting products.", "Use prescribed hormone therapies only under endocrine or reproductive specialist guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 2.5, "normal_value": 3.75, "maximum_value": 5 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 2.5, "normal_value": 3.75, "maximum_value": 5 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 2.5, "normal_value": 3.75, "maximum_value": 5 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 2.5, "normal_value": 3.75, "maximum_value": 5 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rM3FVuamrVA" }, { "id": "beta_hydroxybutyrate", "display_name": "Beta-Hydroxybutyrate", "aliases": [ "BHB", "β-Hydroxybutyrate", "3-Hydroxybutyrate" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "mmol/L", "description": "Beta-Hydroxybutyrate measures main blood ketone body.", "why_important": "A high beta-hydroxybutyrate indicates increased ketone production and can be important in diabetes or prolonged fasting. A low beta-hydroxybutyrate is expected when ketone production is not increased.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 0.2, "maximum_value": 0.4 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 0.2, "maximum_value": 0.4 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 0.2, "maximum_value": 0.4 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 0.2, "maximum_value": 0.4 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-B-RVybvffU" }, { "id": "bicarbonate", "display_name": "Bicarbonate", "aliases": [ "CO2", "Bicarb", "Total CO2", "Carbon Dioxide" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "mmol/L", "description": "Bicarbonate measures main blood buffer for acid-base balance.", "why_important": "A high bicarbonate or total CO2 may reflect metabolic alkalosis or compensation for lung/respiratory issues. A low bicarbonate or total CO2 may reflect metabolic acidosis, severe diarrhea, or other acid-base stress.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 22, "normal_value": 25.0, "maximum_value": 28 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 22, "normal_value": 25.0, "maximum_value": 28 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 22, "normal_value": 25.0, "maximum_value": 28 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 22, "normal_value": 25.0, "maximum_value": 28 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Ahjxv5FK0A" }, { "id": "bnp", "display_name": "BNP", "aliases": [ "B-Type Natriuretic Peptide", "Brain Natriuretic Peptide" ], "category": "Cardiac", "unit": "pg/mL", "description": "BNP measures hormone released when the heart is stretched.", "why_important": "A high BNP suggests the heart is under strain, as in heart failure or fluid overload. A low BNP makes significant heart failure less likely.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Follow a heart-healthy diet low in excess sodium and harmful fats when cardiac markers are abnormal.", "Limit alcohol and manage blood pressure, glucose, and lipids together." ], "exercises": [ "Use clinician-approved cardiac rehabilitation or gradual aerobic training when safe.", "Seek emergency care for chest pain, severe shortness of breath, or syncope." ], "supplements": [ "Do not self-treat suspected heart injury with supplements.", "Take prescribed cardiac medications consistently and review interactions." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 50.0, "normal_value": 75.0, "maximum_value": 100 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 50.0, "normal_value": 75.0, "maximum_value": 100 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 50.0, "normal_value": 75.0, "maximum_value": 100 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 50.0, "normal_value": 75.0, "maximum_value": 100 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEt2lvWoMxA" }, { "id": "bun", "display_name": "Blood Urea Nitrogen", "aliases": [ "BUN", "Urea Nitrogen", "Blood Urea Nitrogen" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "mg/dL", "description": "Blood Urea Nitrogen measures kidney-function waste product.", "why_important": "BUN can rise with dehydration, a high-protein diet, or reduced kidney function. A low BUN is rarely significant; it can reflect low protein intake or overhydration.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 7, "normal_value": 13.5, "maximum_value": 20 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 7, "normal_value": 13.5, "maximum_value": 20 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 7, "normal_value": 13.5, "maximum_value": 20 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 7, "normal_value": 13.5, "maximum_value": 20 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7odN31HK_Y" }, { "id": "c_peptide", "display_name": "C-Peptide", "aliases": [ "C Peptide", "Connecting Peptide" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "ng/mL", "description": "C-Peptide measures pancreatic insulin production marker.", "why_important": "A high C-peptide means the pancreas is making more insulin and may appear with insulin resistance or insulin-producing tumors. A low C-peptide suggests reduced natural insulin production, especially when glucose is high.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 0.5, "normal_value": 1.25, "maximum_value": 2.0 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 0.5, "normal_value": 1.25, "maximum_value": 2.0 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 0.5, "normal_value": 1.25, "maximum_value": 2.0 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 0.5, "normal_value": 1.25, "maximum_value": 2.0 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JHFQljIJGzM" }, { "id": "ca_125", "display_name": "CA-125", "aliases": [ "Cancer Antigen 125", "CA 125" ], "category": "Oncology", "unit": "U/mL", "description": "CA-125 measures tumor marker often followed in ovarian and related conditions.", "why_important": "A high CA-125 may be followed in ovarian cancer care but can also rise with benign gynecologic or inflammatory conditions. A low CA-125 is expected and does not rule out disease by itself.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Follow a balanced, nutrient-dense diet unless oncology care provides specific restrictions.", "Limit charred processed meats and excess alcohol when discussing cancer screening markers." ], "exercises": [ "Stay physically active within the limits of prostate or oncology follow-up plans.", "Report new urinary, bone, or systemic symptoms promptly." ], "supplements": [ "Do not use high-dose supplements to try to normalize screening markers without specialist input.", "Discuss PSA changes with a clinician rather than self-interpreting a single value." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 17.5, "normal_value": 26.25, "maximum_value": 35 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 17.5, "normal_value": 26.25, "maximum_value": 35 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 17.5, "normal_value": 26.25, "maximum_value": 35 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 17.5, "normal_value": 26.25, "maximum_value": 35 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3VmLWc-F3rA" }, { "id": "ca_15_3", "display_name": "CA 15-3", "aliases": [ "CA15-3", "Cancer Antigen 15-3" ], "category": "Oncology", "unit": "U/mL", "description": "CA 15-3 measures tumor marker sometimes followed in breast cancer care.", "why_important": "A high CA 15-3 may be used to monitor some breast cancers but is not specific enough to diagnose cancer alone. A low CA 15-3 is expected and is mainly useful as a trend during monitoring.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Follow a balanced, nutrient-dense diet unless oncology care provides specific restrictions.", "Limit charred processed meats and excess alcohol when discussing cancer screening markers." ], "exercises": [ "Stay physically active within the limits of prostate or oncology follow-up plans.", "Report new urinary, bone, or systemic symptoms promptly." ], "supplements": [ "Do not use high-dose supplements to try to normalize screening markers without specialist input.", "Discuss PSA changes with a clinician rather than self-interpreting a single value." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 15.0, "normal_value": 22.5, "maximum_value": 30 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 15.0, "normal_value": 22.5, "maximum_value": 30 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 15.0, "normal_value": 22.5, "maximum_value": 30 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 15.0, "normal_value": 22.5, "maximum_value": 30 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JeV_T32QBv8" }, { "id": "ca_19_9", "display_name": "CA 19-9", "aliases": [ "CA19-9", "Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9" ], "category": "Oncology", "unit": "U/mL", "description": "CA 19-9 measures tumor marker often followed in pancreaticobiliary conditions.", "why_important": "A high CA 19-9 may be followed in pancreaticobiliary cancer care but can also rise with bile duct blockage or inflammation. A low CA 19-9 is expected; some people do not make this marker even with disease.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Follow a balanced, nutrient-dense diet unless oncology care provides specific restrictions.", "Limit charred processed meats and excess alcohol when discussing cancer screening markers." ], "exercises": [ "Stay physically active within the limits of prostate or oncology follow-up plans.", "Report new urinary, bone, or systemic symptoms promptly." ], "supplements": [ "Do not use high-dose supplements to try to normalize screening markers without specialist input.", "Discuss PSA changes with a clinician rather than self-interpreting a single value." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 18.5, "normal_value": 27.75, "maximum_value": 37 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 18.5, "normal_value": 27.75, "maximum_value": 37 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 18.5, "normal_value": 27.75, "maximum_value": 37 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 18.5, "normal_value": 27.75, "maximum_value": 37 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTCxRhgnj-Q" }, { "id": "calcium", "display_name": "Calcium", "aliases": [ "Ca", "Total Calcium" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "mg/dL", "description": "Calcium measures mineral for bones, nerves, and muscle.", "why_important": "High calcium can relate to the parathyroid glands, vitamin D, or other conditions and is worth following up. Low calcium can relate to vitamin D, the parathyroid glands, or low albumin (which carries calcium).", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 8.6, "normal_value": 9.45, "maximum_value": 10.3 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 8.6, "normal_value": 9.45, "maximum_value": 10.3 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 8.6, "normal_value": 9.45, "maximum_value": 10.3 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 8.6, "normal_value": 9.45, "maximum_value": 10.3 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj-Y4eZ0dkM" }, { "id": "cea", "display_name": "CEA", "aliases": [ "Carcinoembryonic Antigen" ], "category": "Oncology", "unit": "ng/mL", "description": "CEA measures tumor marker often followed in colorectal and other cancers.", "why_important": "A high CEA may be followed in some cancers but can also rise with smoking, inflammation, or liver disease. A low CEA is expected and is most useful when compared with prior values during monitoring.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Follow a balanced, nutrient-dense diet unless oncology care provides specific restrictions.", "Limit charred processed meats and excess alcohol when discussing cancer screening markers." ], "exercises": [ "Stay physically active within the limits of prostate or oncology follow-up plans.", "Report new urinary, bone, or systemic symptoms promptly." ], "supplements": [ "Do not use high-dose supplements to try to normalize screening markers without specialist input.", "Discuss PSA changes with a clinician rather than self-interpreting a single value." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 1.5, "normal_value": 2.25, "maximum_value": 3.0 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 1.5, "normal_value": 2.25, "maximum_value": 3.0 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 1.5, "normal_value": 2.25, "maximum_value": 3.0 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 1.5, "normal_value": 2.25, "maximum_value": 3.0 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uJNw9v6UUjE" }, { "id": "ceruloplasmin", "display_name": "Ceruloplasmin", "aliases": [ "CP" ], "category": "Vitamin", "unit": "mg/dL", "description": "Ceruloplasmin measures copper-carrying protein made by the liver.", "why_important": "A high ceruloplasmin may rise with inflammation, pregnancy, or estrogen therapy. A low ceruloplasmin can appear in copper deficiency or Wilson disease workups.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Correct deficiencies first with food sources such as fortified grains, dairy, eggs, fish, legumes, and leafy greens.", "Pair nutrient-dense meals with safe sun exposure for vitamin D when appropriate." ], "exercises": [ "Use weight-bearing and muscle-strengthening activity to support bone and metabolic health.", "Adjust activity if deficiency symptoms such as fatigue or neuropathy are present." ], "supplements": [ "Supplement only after testing confirms deficiency or insufficiency.", "Use clinician-guided dosing, especially for iron, vitamin A, and fat-soluble vitamins." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 20, "normal_value": 27.5, "maximum_value": 35 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 20, "normal_value": 27.5, "maximum_value": 35 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 20, "normal_value": 27.5, "maximum_value": 35 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 20, "normal_value": 27.5, "maximum_value": 35 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42kduAhoYlw" }, { "id": "chloride", "display_name": "Chloride", "aliases": [ "Cl", "Cl-" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "mmol/L", "description": "Chloride measures electrolyte for fluid and acid balance.", "why_important": "Usually moves with sodium and acid-base balance. Usually moves with sodium and acid-base balance.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 98, "normal_value": 102.5, "maximum_value": 107 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 98, "normal_value": 102.5, "maximum_value": 107 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 98, "normal_value": 102.5, "maximum_value": 107 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 98, "normal_value": 102.5, "maximum_value": 107 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Fuav99clbE" }, { "id": "ck_mb", "display_name": "CK-MB", "aliases": [ "CKMB", "Creatine Kinase-MB" ], "category": "Cardiac", "unit": "ng/mL", "description": "CK-MB measures heart-enriched fraction of creatine kinase.", "why_important": "A high CK-MB raises concern for heart-muscle injury when troponin is also elevated. A low CK-MB is expected without heart injury.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Follow a heart-healthy diet low in excess sodium and harmful fats when cardiac markers are abnormal.", "Limit alcohol and manage blood pressure, glucose, and lipids together." ], "exercises": [ "Use clinician-approved cardiac rehabilitation or gradual aerobic training when safe.", "Seek emergency care for chest pain, severe shortness of breath, or syncope." ], "supplements": [ "Do not self-treat suspected heart injury with supplements.", "Take prescribed cardiac medications consistently and review interactions." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 2.5, "normal_value": 3.75, "maximum_value": 5 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 2.5, "normal_value": 3.75, "maximum_value": 5 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 2.5, "normal_value": 3.75, "maximum_value": 5 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 2.5, "normal_value": 3.75, "maximum_value": 5 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=udVccTOnmrM" }, { "id": "coenzyme_q10", "display_name": "Coenzyme Q10", "aliases": [ "CoQ10", "Coenzyme Q 10", "Total Coenzyme Q10", "Total Coenzyme Q 10", "CoQ10 Profile", "Total CoQ10" ], "category": "Vitamin", "unit": "mcg/L", "description": "Coenzyme Q10 measures mitochondrial electron-transport cofactor and antioxidant.", "why_important": "A high CoQ10 level is most often supplement-related and may also track with lipoprotein levels. A low CoQ10 level may reflect nutritional status, medication context such as statins, or mitochondrial/neuromuscular evaluation context.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Correct deficiencies first with food sources such as fortified grains, dairy, eggs, fish, legumes, and leafy greens.", "Pair nutrient-dense meals with safe sun exposure for vitamin D when appropriate." ], "exercises": [ "Use weight-bearing and muscle-strengthening activity to support bone and metabolic health.", "Adjust activity if deficiency symptoms such as fatigue or neuropathy are present." ], "supplements": [ "Supplement only after testing confirms deficiency or insufficiency.", "Use clinician-guided dosing, especially for iron, vitamin A, and fat-soluble vitamins." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 433, "normal_value": 982.5, "maximum_value": 1532 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 433, "normal_value": 982.5, "maximum_value": 1532 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 433, "normal_value": 982.5, "maximum_value": 1532 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 433, "normal_value": 982.5, "maximum_value": 1532 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cy1LhxV6jHs" }, { "id": "complement_c3", "display_name": "Complement C3", "aliases": [ "C3" ], "category": "Inflammation", "unit": "mg/dL", "description": "Complement C3 measures complement protein in immune activation.", "why_important": "A high C3 may appear during acute inflammation. A low C3 may appear in active autoimmune disease or complement consumption.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Use an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern rich in vegetables, fruit, legumes, and omega-3 sources.", "Limit excess alcohol and ultra-processed foods when inflammation markers are high." ], "exercises": [ "Use regular moderate exercise, which can lower chronic inflammation over time.", "Rest during acute infection or inflammatory flares as advised by a clinician." ], "supplements": [ "Treat the underlying cause rather than relying on generic anti-inflammatory supplements.", "Discuss persistent abnormal inflammatory markers with a clinician." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 90, "normal_value": 135.0, "maximum_value": 180 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 90, "normal_value": 135.0, "maximum_value": 180 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 90, "normal_value": 135.0, "maximum_value": 180 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 90, "normal_value": 135.0, "maximum_value": 180 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_f5cvxwS6w" }, { "id": "complement_c4", "display_name": "Complement C4", "aliases": [ "C4" ], "category": "Inflammation", "unit": "mg/dL", "description": "Complement C4 measures complement protein in immune activation.", "why_important": "A high C4 is less commonly flagged than low values. A low C4 may appear in autoimmune conditions such as lupus.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Use an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern rich in vegetables, fruit, legumes, and omega-3 sources.", "Limit excess alcohol and ultra-processed foods when inflammation markers are high." ], "exercises": [ "Use regular moderate exercise, which can lower chronic inflammation over time.", "Rest during acute infection or inflammatory flares as advised by a clinician." ], "supplements": [ "Treat the underlying cause rather than relying on generic anti-inflammatory supplements.", "Discuss persistent abnormal inflammatory markers with a clinician." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 10, "normal_value": 25.0, "maximum_value": 40 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 10, "normal_value": 25.0, "maximum_value": 40 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 10, "normal_value": 25.0, "maximum_value": 40 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 10, "normal_value": 25.0, "maximum_value": 40 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_f5cvxwS6w" }, { "id": "copper", "display_name": "Copper", "aliases": [ "Cu" ], "category": "Vitamin", "unit": "mcg/dL", "description": "Copper measures trace mineral involved in blood, nerves, and enzymes.", "why_important": "A high copper level can rise with inflammation, pregnancy, estrogen therapy, or copper disorders. A low copper level may cause anemia or nerve problems and can occur with excess zinc intake.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Correct deficiencies first with food sources such as fortified grains, dairy, eggs, fish, legumes, and leafy greens.", "Pair nutrient-dense meals with safe sun exposure for vitamin D when appropriate." ], "exercises": [ "Use weight-bearing and muscle-strengthening activity to support bone and metabolic health.", "Adjust activity if deficiency symptoms such as fatigue or neuropathy are present." ], "supplements": [ "Supplement only after testing confirms deficiency or insufficiency.", "Use clinician-guided dosing, especially for iron, vitamin A, and fat-soluble vitamins." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 70, "normal_value": 105.0, "maximum_value": 140 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 70, "normal_value": 105.0, "maximum_value": 140 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 70, "normal_value": 105.0, "maximum_value": 140 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 70, "normal_value": 105.0, "maximum_value": 140 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42kduAhoYlw" }, { "id": "cortisol", "display_name": "Cortisol", "aliases": [ "AM Cortisol", "Serum Cortisol" ], "category": "Hormone", "unit": "mcg/dL", "description": "Cortisol measures stress hormone from the adrenal glands.", "why_important": "A high cortisol may reflect stress, steroids, Cushing syndrome, or lab timing. A low cortisol may relate to adrenal insufficiency and can cause fatigue or low blood pressure.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support hormone health with adequate protein, healthy fats, fiber, and micronutrients.", "Avoid extreme dieting or rapid weight changes unless medically supervised." ], "exercises": [ "Use resistance training and sleep regularity to support hormonal balance.", "Adjust training load during symptomatic hormone disorders." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid unsupervised hormone-boosting products.", "Use prescribed hormone therapies only under endocrine or reproductive specialist guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 6, "normal_value": 12.0, "maximum_value": 18 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 6, "normal_value": 12.0, "maximum_value": 18 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 6, "normal_value": 12.0, "maximum_value": 18 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 6, "normal_value": 12.0, "maximum_value": 18 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rk2b3X6CU4w" }, { "id": "creatine_kinase", "display_name": "Creatine Kinase", "aliases": [ "CK", "CPK", "Creatine Phosphokinase" ], "category": "Cardiac", "unit": "U/L", "description": "Creatine Kinase measures enzyme from muscle including heart and skeletal.", "why_important": "A high CK may reflect skeletal muscle injury from exercise, trauma, statins, or neuromuscular disease; it can also rise with heart muscle damage in the right context. A low CK is not typically significant.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Follow a heart-healthy diet low in excess sodium and harmful fats when cardiac markers are abnormal.", "Limit alcohol and manage blood pressure, glucose, and lipids together." ], "exercises": [ "Use clinician-approved cardiac rehabilitation or gradual aerobic training when safe.", "Seek emergency care for chest pain, severe shortness of breath, or syncope." ], "supplements": [ "Do not self-treat suspected heart injury with supplements.", "Take prescribed cardiac medications consistently and review interactions." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 30, "normal_value": 115.0, "maximum_value": 200 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 30, "normal_value": 115.0, "maximum_value": 200 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 30, "normal_value": 115.0, "maximum_value": 200 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 30, "normal_value": 115.0, "maximum_value": 200 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=loBxjfuUVj0" }, { "id": "creatinine", "display_name": "Creatinine", "aliases": [ "Cr", "Serum Creatinine" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "mg/dL", "description": "Creatinine measures kidney-function waste product.", "why_important": "A high creatinine suggests the kidneys are filtering less efficiently; muscle mass, dehydration, and some medications also raise it. A low creatinine is usually not a concern and can reflect lower muscle mass.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 0.7, "normal_value": 1.0, "maximum_value": 1.3 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 0.7, "normal_value": 1.0, "maximum_value": 1.3 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 0.7, "normal_value": 1.0, "maximum_value": 1.3 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 0.7, "normal_value": 1.0, "maximum_value": 1.3 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l2tf-Pxc0wU" }, { "id": "crp", "display_name": "C-Reactive Protein", "aliases": [ "CRP" ], "category": "Inflammation", "unit": "mg/L", "description": "C-Reactive Protein measures general marker of inflammation.", "why_important": "A high CRP indicates inflammation from infection, autoimmune disease, or tissue injury. A low CRP is expected in the absence of significant inflammation.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Use an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern rich in vegetables, fruit, legumes, and omega-3 sources.", "Limit excess alcohol and ultra-processed foods when inflammation markers are high." ], "exercises": [ "Use regular moderate exercise, which can lower chronic inflammation over time.", "Rest during acute infection or inflammatory flares as advised by a clinician." ], "supplements": [ "Treat the underlying cause rather than relying on generic anti-inflammatory supplements.", "Discuss persistent abnormal inflammatory markers with a clinician." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 5.0, "normal_value": 7.5, "maximum_value": 10 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 5.0, "normal_value": 7.5, "maximum_value": 10 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 5.0, "normal_value": 7.5, "maximum_value": 10 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 5.0, "normal_value": 7.5, "maximum_value": 10 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTFDB_dk_Gk" }, { "id": "cystatin_c", "display_name": "Cystatin C", "aliases": [ "CysC" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "mg/L", "description": "Cystatin C measures kidney-function marker less affected by muscle mass.", "why_important": "A high cystatin C suggests reduced kidney filtration, similar to creatinine but less muscle-dependent. A low cystatin C is usually not a concern.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 0.53, "normal_value": 0.74, "maximum_value": 0.95 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 0.53, "normal_value": 0.74, "maximum_value": 0.95 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 0.53, "normal_value": 0.74, "maximum_value": 0.95 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 0.53, "normal_value": 0.74, "maximum_value": 0.95 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=upJcuKQ9ppQ" }, { "id": "d_dimer", "display_name": "D-Dimer", "aliases": [ "D Dimer" ], "category": "Coagulation", "unit": "ng/mL", "description": "D-Dimer measures breakdown product of clots; elevated when clotting is active.", "why_important": "A high D-dimer suggests active clot breakdown but is nonspecific and rises with infection, surgery, or pregnancy. A low D-dimer makes significant clotting less likely in the right clinical context.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Maintain consistent vitamin K intake if on warfarin, rather than large day-to-day swings.", "Use a balanced diet unless anticoagulation counseling specifies otherwise." ], "exercises": [ "Stay active, but use contact-sport caution when bleeding risk is elevated.", "Seek urgent care for unexplained bruising, bleeding, or clot symptoms." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid starting aspirin, fish oil, or herbals that affect clotting without clinician review.", "Take anticoagulants exactly as prescribed and monitor INR/PT when required." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 250.0, "normal_value": 375.0, "maximum_value": 500 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 250.0, "normal_value": 375.0, "maximum_value": 500 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 250.0, "normal_value": 375.0, "maximum_value": 500 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 250.0, "normal_value": 375.0, "maximum_value": 500 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uTYlwmDSFvA" }, { "id": "dhea_s", "display_name": "DHEA-S", "aliases": [ "Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate", "DHEAS" ], "category": "Hormone", "unit": "mcg/dL", "description": "DHEA-S measures adrenal androgen precursor.", "why_important": "A high DHEA-S suggests increased adrenal androgen production and may appear in PCOS or adrenal disorders. A low DHEA-S can occur with adrenal insufficiency, aging, or steroid exposure.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support hormone health with adequate protein, healthy fats, fiber, and micronutrients.", "Avoid extreme dieting or rapid weight changes unless medically supervised." ], "exercises": [ "Use resistance training and sleep regularity to support hormonal balance.", "Adjust training load during symptomatic hormone disorders." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid unsupervised hormone-boosting products.", "Use prescribed hormone therapies only under endocrine or reproductive specialist guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 35, "normal_value": 232.5, "maximum_value": 430 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 35, "normal_value": 232.5, "maximum_value": 430 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 35, "normal_value": 232.5, "maximum_value": 430 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 35, "normal_value": 232.5, "maximum_value": 430 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWn-DVX_QVE" }, { "id": "direct_bilirubin", "display_name": "Direct Bilirubin", "aliases": [ "Conjugated Bilirubin", "DBIL" ], "category": "Liver", "unit": "mg/dL", "description": "Direct Bilirubin measures conjugated bilirubin processed by the liver.", "why_important": "A high direct bilirubin suggests the liver or bile ducts are not processing bilirubin normally. A low direct bilirubin is not a concern.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Limit alcohol and avoid unnecessary hepatotoxic exposures when liver enzymes are abnormal.", "Choose balanced meals with vegetables, fiber, and moderate healthy fats." ], "exercises": [ "Stay active within symptom limits; avoid heavy alcohol-related training recovery patterns.", "Seek medical review before intense exercise if jaundice or severe abdominal pain is present." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid unverified liver detox products.", "Discuss medication, herb, and supplement use because many affect liver tests." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 0.15, "maximum_value": 0.3 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 0.15, "maximum_value": 0.3 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 0.15, "maximum_value": 0.3 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 0.15, "maximum_value": 0.3 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RixUyMPhO0" }, { "id": "egfr", "display_name": "eGFR", "aliases": [ "GFR", "Estimated GFR" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "mL/min/1.73m2", "description": "eGFR measures estimated kidney filtration rate.", "why_important": "A higher eGFR generally indicates better kidney filtration. A low eGFR indicates reduced kidney filtration and is usually interpreted together with creatinine over time.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 90, "normal_value": 112.5, "maximum_value": 135.0 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 90, "normal_value": 112.5, "maximum_value": 135.0 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 90, "normal_value": 112.5, "maximum_value": 135.0 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 90, "normal_value": 112.5, "maximum_value": 135.0 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFn0ygOOBuI" }, { "id": "eos_absolute", "display_name": "Absolute Eosinophil Count", "aliases": [ "AEC", "Eosinophils Absolute", "Abs Eosinophils", "Absolute Eosinophil Count" ], "category": "CBC", "unit": "10^3/uL", "description": "Absolute Eosinophil Count measures count of allergy and parasite-related white cells.", "why_important": "A high eosinophil count is classically linked to allergies, asthma, or parasitic infection. A low eosinophil count is usually not a concern.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support healthy blood production with balanced protein, iron, B12, folate, and vitamin C from whole foods.", "Stay well hydrated unless a clinician advises fluid restriction." ], "exercises": [ "Use moderate activity as tolerated when blood counts are stable.", "Avoid intense training if anemia, infection, or bleeding symptoms are present until evaluated." ], "supplements": [ "Discuss iron, B12, or folate supplementation only when testing supports a deficiency.", "Do not start blood-building supplements without clinician guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 0.25, "maximum_value": 0.5 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 0.25, "maximum_value": 0.5 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 0.25, "maximum_value": 0.5 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 0.25, "maximum_value": 0.5 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7gmKTpODT8o" }, { "id": "eos_percent", "display_name": "Eosinophils Percent", "aliases": [ "EOS%", "Eosinophil %", "Eosinophils" ], "category": "CBC differential", "unit": "%", "description": "Eosinophil percentage is the share of white blood cells that are eosinophils, cells involved in allergies, asthma-related inflammation, and parasite defense.", "why_important": "It can point toward allergic disease, asthma activity, drug reactions, parasitic infection, or inflammatory conditions when interpreted with symptoms.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "Eosinophil percentage is typically interpreted without separate male and female thresholds.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "No food directly normalizes eosinophils; identify allergies or triggers when clinically relevant.", "Maintain an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern with fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and adequate protein.", "Avoid foods only when a true allergy or clinician-guided elimination plan exists." ], "exercises": [ "Exercise according to tolerance; people with asthma symptoms should follow their asthma action plan.", "Avoid exercising through wheezing, severe allergy symptoms, or acute illness." ], "supplements": [ "Do not self-treat elevated eosinophils with supplements.", "Discuss allergy, asthma, parasite exposure, and medication review with a clinician." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 1, "normal_value": 2.5, "maximum_value": 4 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 1, "normal_value": 2.5, "maximum_value": 4 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 1, "normal_value": 2.5, "maximum_value": 4 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 1, "normal_value": 2.5, "maximum_value": 4 } }, "related_tests": [ "wbc", "bas_percent" ], "source_ids": [ "medlineplus_differential", "medlineplus_differential_encyclopedia" ], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtnfv_2HSak" }, { "id": "erythropoietin", "display_name": "Erythropoietin", "aliases": [ "EPO" ], "category": "CBC", "unit": "mIU/mL", "description": "Erythropoietin measures kidney hormone that stimulates red-cell production.", "why_important": "A high erythropoietin may reflect the body's response to anemia or low oxygen levels. A low or inappropriately normal erythropoietin can contribute to anemia in kidney disease.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support healthy blood production with balanced protein, iron, B12, folate, and vitamin C from whole foods.", "Stay well hydrated unless a clinician advises fluid restriction." ], "exercises": [ "Use moderate activity as tolerated when blood counts are stable.", "Avoid intense training if anemia, infection, or bleeding symptoms are present until evaluated." ], "supplements": [ "Discuss iron, B12, or folate supplementation only when testing supports a deficiency.", "Do not start blood-building supplements without clinician guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 4, "normal_value": 15.5, "maximum_value": 27 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 4, "normal_value": 15.5, "maximum_value": 27 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 4, "normal_value": 15.5, "maximum_value": 27 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 4, "normal_value": 15.5, "maximum_value": 27 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wqMQjsf1YD4" }, { "id": "esr", "display_name": "ESR", "aliases": [ "ESR", "Sed rate", "Westergren ESR", "Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate" ], "category": "Inflammation", "unit": "mm/hr", "description": "ESR measures rate red cells settle; nonspecific inflammation marker.", "why_important": "A high ESR is a nonspecific sign of inflammation, infection, or autoimmune activity. A low ESR is usually not a concern.", "sex_significance": { "level": "high", "summary": "Reference intervals for this marker can differ by sex after puberty.", "pipeline_guidance": "Prefer sex-specific lab ranges when available and include clinician context when sex is unknown." }, "sex_specific_statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "male": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 6.5, "maximum_value": 13 }, "female": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 6.5, "maximum_value": 13 }, "unknown": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 6.5, "maximum_value": 13 } }, "teenager": { "male": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 7.5, "maximum_value": 15 }, "female": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 10.0, "maximum_value": 20 }, "unknown": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 10.0, "maximum_value": 20 } }, "adult": { "male": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 7.5, "maximum_value": 15 }, "female": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 10.0, "maximum_value": 20 }, "unknown": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 10.0, "maximum_value": 20 } }, "elder": { "male": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 10.0, "maximum_value": 20 }, "female": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 15.0, "maximum_value": 30 }, "unknown": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 15.0, "maximum_value": 30 } } }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Use an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern rich in vegetables, fruit, legumes, and omega-3 sources.", "Limit excess alcohol and ultra-processed foods when inflammation markers are high." ], "exercises": [ "Use regular moderate exercise, which can lower chronic inflammation over time.", "Rest during acute infection or inflammatory flares as advised by a clinician." ], "supplements": [ "Treat the underlying cause rather than relying on generic anti-inflammatory supplements.", "Discuss persistent abnormal inflammatory markers with a clinician." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 10.0, "maximum_value": 20 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 10.0, "maximum_value": 20 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 10.0, "maximum_value": 20 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 10.0, "maximum_value": 20 } }, "related_tests": [ "wbc", "hemoglobin" ], "source_ids": [ "medlineplus_esr", "seattle_childrens_esr", "uchicago_esr_reference", "cleveland_clinic_esr" ], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ulccBGAvbY" }, { "id": "estradiol", "display_name": "Estradiol", "aliases": [ "E2", "Estrogen" ], "category": "Hormone", "unit": "pg/mL", "description": "Estradiol measures primary estrogen sex hormone.", "why_important": "A high estradiol may relate to ovarian function, obesity, or hormone therapy. A low estradiol may relate to menopause, ovarian failure, or low body weight.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support hormone health with adequate protein, healthy fats, fiber, and micronutrients.", "Avoid extreme dieting or rapid weight changes unless medically supervised." ], "exercises": [ "Use resistance training and sleep regularity to support hormonal balance.", "Adjust training load during symptomatic hormone disorders." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid unsupervised hormone-boosting products.", "Use prescribed hormone therapies only under endocrine or reproductive specialist guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 15, "normal_value": 182.5, "maximum_value": 350 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 15, "normal_value": 182.5, "maximum_value": 350 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 15, "normal_value": 182.5, "maximum_value": 350 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 15, "normal_value": 182.5, "maximum_value": 350 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOaUnf3MKs8" }, { "id": "ferritin", "display_name": "Ferritin", "aliases": [ "FERR" ], "category": "Vitamin", "unit": "ng/mL", "description": "Ferritin measures stored-iron protein.", "why_important": "Ferritin rises with inflammation as well as iron overload, so a high value is read in context. A low ferritin is the most specific sign of low iron stores and a common cause of anemia.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Correct deficiencies first with food sources such as fortified grains, dairy, eggs, fish, legumes, and leafy greens.", "Pair nutrient-dense meals with safe sun exposure for vitamin D when appropriate." ], "exercises": [ "Use weight-bearing and muscle-strengthening activity to support bone and metabolic health.", "Adjust activity if deficiency symptoms such as fatigue or neuropathy are present." ], "supplements": [ "Supplement only after testing confirms deficiency or insufficiency.", "Use clinician-guided dosing, especially for iron, vitamin A, and fat-soluble vitamins." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 30, "normal_value": 215.0, "maximum_value": 400 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 30, "normal_value": 215.0, "maximum_value": 400 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 30, "normal_value": 215.0, "maximum_value": 400 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 30, "normal_value": 215.0, "maximum_value": 400 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aPSfIPtho08" }, { "id": "fibrinogen", "display_name": "Fibrinogen", "aliases": [ "Factor I" ], "category": "Coagulation", "unit": "mg/dL", "description": "Fibrinogen measures clotting protein and acute-phase reactant.", "why_important": "A high fibrinogen may reflect inflammation or increased clotting tendency. A low fibrinogen may increase bleeding risk.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Maintain consistent vitamin K intake if on warfarin, rather than large day-to-day swings.", "Use a balanced diet unless anticoagulation counseling specifies otherwise." ], "exercises": [ "Stay active, but use contact-sport caution when bleeding risk is elevated.", "Seek urgent care for unexplained bruising, bleeding, or clot symptoms." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid starting aspirin, fish oil, or herbals that affect clotting without clinician review.", "Take anticoagulants exactly as prescribed and monitor INR/PT when required." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 200, "normal_value": 300.0, "maximum_value": 400 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 200, "normal_value": 300.0, "maximum_value": 400 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 200, "normal_value": 300.0, "maximum_value": 400 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 200, "normal_value": 300.0, "maximum_value": 400 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqmRkEoUe-8" }, { "id": "folate", "display_name": "Folate", "aliases": [ "Folic Acid", "Serum Folate" ], "category": "Vitamin", "unit": "ng/mL", "description": "Folate measures B vitamin needed for DNA and red-cell production.", "why_important": "A high folate is usually from supplements or fortified foods. A low folate can cause anemia similar to B12 deficiency and affects DNA synthesis.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Correct deficiencies first with food sources such as fortified grains, dairy, eggs, fish, legumes, and leafy greens.", "Pair nutrient-dense meals with safe sun exposure for vitamin D when appropriate." ], "exercises": [ "Use weight-bearing and muscle-strengthening activity to support bone and metabolic health.", "Adjust activity if deficiency symptoms such as fatigue or neuropathy are present." ], "supplements": [ "Supplement only after testing confirms deficiency or insufficiency.", "Use clinician-guided dosing, especially for iron, vitamin A, and fat-soluble vitamins." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 3, "normal_value": 11.5, "maximum_value": 20 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 3, "normal_value": 11.5, "maximum_value": 20 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 3, "normal_value": 11.5, "maximum_value": 20 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 3, "normal_value": 11.5, "maximum_value": 20 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dO0aUSqZ_bs" }, { "id": "free_t3", "display_name": "Free T3", "aliases": [ "FT3", "Free Triiodothyronine" ], "category": "Thyroid", "unit": "pg/mL", "description": "Free T3 measures active thyroid hormone, free fraction.", "why_important": "A high Free T3 supports an overactive thyroid picture. A low Free T3 may appear in underactive thyroid or severe illness.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Ensure adequate iodine and selenium from a balanced diet unless a clinician advises otherwise.", "Keep a stable diet around thyroid testing when possible." ], "exercises": [ "Match activity to thyroid symptoms such as fatigue, palpitations, or heat intolerance.", "Build up gradually after thyroid treatment changes." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid starting high-dose iodine or thyroid-support supplements without medical supervision.", "Take prescribed thyroid medication consistently and separately from interfering foods or supplements." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 2.3, "normal_value": 3.25, "maximum_value": 4.2 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 2.3, "normal_value": 3.25, "maximum_value": 4.2 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 2.3, "normal_value": 3.25, "maximum_value": 4.2 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 2.3, "normal_value": 3.25, "maximum_value": 4.2 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oz8HFUqwDgw" }, { "id": "free_t4", "display_name": "Free T4", "aliases": [ "FT4", "Free Thyroxine" ], "category": "Thyroid", "unit": "ng/dL", "description": "Free T4 measures active thyroid hormone, free fraction.", "why_important": "A high Free T4 supports an overactive thyroid picture. A low Free T4 supports an underactive thyroid picture.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Ensure adequate iodine and selenium from a balanced diet unless a clinician advises otherwise.", "Keep a stable diet around thyroid testing when possible." ], "exercises": [ "Match activity to thyroid symptoms such as fatigue, palpitations, or heat intolerance.", "Build up gradually after thyroid treatment changes." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid starting high-dose iodine or thyroid-support supplements without medical supervision.", "Take prescribed thyroid medication consistently and separately from interfering foods or supplements." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 0.8, "normal_value": 1.3, "maximum_value": 1.8 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 0.8, "normal_value": 1.3, "maximum_value": 1.8 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 0.8, "normal_value": 1.3, "maximum_value": 1.8 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 0.8, "normal_value": 1.3, "maximum_value": 1.8 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IHaH9mlCdVY" }, { "id": "free_testosterone", "display_name": "Free Testosterone", "aliases": [ "Free T", "Free Testosterone Level" ], "category": "Hormone", "unit": "ng/dL", "description": "Free Testosterone measures unbound testosterone available to tissues.", "why_important": "A high free testosterone may reflect androgen exposure or increased androgen production; interpretation depends strongly on sex, age, symptoms, and SHBG. A low free testosterone may relate to hypogonadism, pituitary signaling, chronic illness, steroid exposure, or high SHBG.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support hormone health with adequate protein, healthy fats, fiber, and micronutrients.", "Avoid extreme dieting or rapid weight changes unless medically supervised." ], "exercises": [ "Use resistance training and sleep regularity to support hormonal balance.", "Adjust training load during symptomatic hormone disorders." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid unsupervised hormone-boosting products.", "Use prescribed hormone therapies only under endocrine or reproductive specialist guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 5.25, "normal_value": 12.97, "maximum_value": 20.7 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 5.25, "normal_value": 12.97, "maximum_value": 20.7 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 5.25, "normal_value": 12.97, "maximum_value": 20.7 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 5.25, "normal_value": 12.97, "maximum_value": 20.7 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLuB8X8d_8o" }, { "id": "fructosamine", "display_name": "Fructosamine", "aliases": [ "Glycated Serum Protein" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "umol/L", "description": "Fructosamine measures shorter-term average blood sugar marker.", "why_important": "A high fructosamine suggests higher average blood sugar over the prior two to three weeks. A low fructosamine is usually not a concern but can be affected by low blood proteins.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 205, "normal_value": 245.0, "maximum_value": 285 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 205, "normal_value": 245.0, "maximum_value": 285 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 205, "normal_value": 245.0, "maximum_value": 285 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 205, "normal_value": 245.0, "maximum_value": 285 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXW-qGeTNFk" }, { "id": "fsh", "display_name": "FSH", "aliases": [ "Follicle Stimulating Hormone" ], "category": "Hormone", "unit": "mIU/mL", "description": "FSH measures pituitary signal for egg and sperm production.", "why_important": "A high FSH in women often suggests reduced ovarian reserve or menopause; in men it may suggest testicular failure. A low FSH may relate to pituitary or hypothalamic issues.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support hormone health with adequate protein, healthy fats, fiber, and micronutrients.", "Avoid extreme dieting or rapid weight changes unless medically supervised." ], "exercises": [ "Use resistance training and sleep regularity to support hormonal balance.", "Adjust training load during symptomatic hormone disorders." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid unsupervised hormone-boosting products.", "Use prescribed hormone therapies only under endocrine or reproductive specialist guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 1.5, "normal_value": 6.95, "maximum_value": 12.4 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 1.5, "normal_value": 6.95, "maximum_value": 12.4 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 1.5, "normal_value": 6.95, "maximum_value": 12.4 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 1.5, "normal_value": 6.95, "maximum_value": 12.4 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UL0PFu5fPKA" }, { "id": "g6pd", "display_name": "G6PD", "aliases": [ "Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase", "G6PDH" ], "category": "CBC", "unit": "U/g Hb", "description": "G6PD measures red-cell enzyme that protects against oxidative stress.", "why_important": "A high G6PD level is usually not clinically important by itself. A low G6PD level can predispose red cells to hemolysis after certain infections, foods, or medications.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support healthy blood production with balanced protein, iron, B12, folate, and vitamin C from whole foods.", "Stay well hydrated unless a clinician advises fluid restriction." ], "exercises": [ "Use moderate activity as tolerated when blood counts are stable.", "Avoid intense training if anemia, infection, or bleeding symptoms are present until evaluated." ], "supplements": [ "Discuss iron, B12, or folate supplementation only when testing supports a deficiency.", "Do not start blood-building supplements without clinician guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 5.5, "normal_value": 13.0, "maximum_value": 20.5 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 5.5, "normal_value": 13.0, "maximum_value": 20.5 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 5.5, "normal_value": 13.0, "maximum_value": 20.5 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 5.5, "normal_value": 13.0, "maximum_value": 20.5 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTh-hUU5mxE" }, { "id": "ggt", "display_name": "GGT", "aliases": [ "Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase", "Gamma GT" ], "category": "Liver", "unit": "U/L", "description": "GGT measures liver enzyme sensitive to bile and alcohol.", "why_important": "GGT is sensitive to bile-duct issues and alcohol; it helps clarify whether a high ALP is liver-related, while a normal GGT with high ALP can point more toward bone or skeletal sources. A low GGT is not a concern.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Limit alcohol and avoid unnecessary hepatotoxic exposures when liver enzymes are abnormal.", "Choose balanced meals with vegetables, fiber, and moderate healthy fats." ], "exercises": [ "Stay active within symptom limits; avoid heavy alcohol-related training recovery patterns.", "Seek medical review before intense exercise if jaundice or severe abdominal pain is present." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid unverified liver detox products.", "Discuss medication, herb, and supplement use because many affect liver tests." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 9, "normal_value": 28.5, "maximum_value": 48 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 9, "normal_value": 28.5, "maximum_value": 48 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 9, "normal_value": 28.5, "maximum_value": 48 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 9, "normal_value": 28.5, "maximum_value": 48 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0uISl0fna0" }, { "id": "globulin", "display_name": "Globulin", "aliases": [ "Globulins" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "g/dL", "description": "Globulin measures non-albumin blood proteins including antibodies.", "why_important": "A high globulin may reflect increased antibodies from infection, inflammation, or immune conditions. A low globulin may reflect reduced antibody production or liver disease.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 2.0, "normal_value": 2.75, "maximum_value": 3.5 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 2.0, "normal_value": 2.75, "maximum_value": 3.5 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 2.0, "normal_value": 2.75, "maximum_value": 3.5 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 2.0, "normal_value": 2.75, "maximum_value": 3.5 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBf97p7AeZc" }, { "id": "glucose", "display_name": "Glucose", "aliases": [ "Fasting Glucose", "GLU", "Blood Sugar", "FBS", "RBS", "Fasting Blood Sugar", "Random Glucose", "Non-Fasting Glucose", "Glucose Random Non-Fasting" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "mg/dL", "description": "Glucose measures blood sugar level.", "why_important": "An elevated fasting or random glucose can indicate prediabetes or diabetes, or simply that the sample timing and recent food intake matter. A low glucose can cause shakiness or lightheadedness and may relate to fasting, medications, or how the sample was handled.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 70, "normal_value": 84.5, "maximum_value": 99 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 70, "normal_value": 84.5, "maximum_value": 99 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 70, "normal_value": 84.5, "maximum_value": 99 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 70, "normal_value": 84.5, "maximum_value": 99 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V4PJ7n-RDf8" }, { "id": "gra_absolute", "display_name": "Absolute Granulocyte Count", "aliases": [ "GRA#", "Granulocyte #", "Absolute granulocytes", "Absolute Granulocyte Count", "Granulocytes Absolute", "Abs Granulocytes" ], "category": "CBC differential absolute count", "unit": "10^3/uL", "description": "GRA# is a lab-reported absolute granulocyte count. Granulocytes include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils; in many CBC reports this value is mainly driven by neutrophils.", "why_important": "It helps summarize infection-fighting granulocytes and may approximate neutrophil burden, but exact meaning depends on the analyzer and lab report.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "Absolute granulocyte or neutrophil-dominant counts are usually interpreted without separate male and female thresholds. Pregnancy and acute stress can affect granulocyte counts.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval and lab-provided reference range; do not infer sex-specific status unless the source range provides it." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "No food directly normalizes granulocyte count; support immune health with balanced nutrition and adequate protein.", "If counts are very low, ask about infection prevention and food safety precautions.", "Hydration and rest during illness can support recovery but do not replace evaluation." ], "exercises": [ "Rest during fever or acute infection.", "Resume regular moderate activity after recovery and medical clearance if counts are significantly abnormal." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid self-treatment with immune supplements.", "Ask whether the lab means granulocytes broadly or absolute neutrophil count, and whether repeat CBC/differential is needed." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 1.5, "normal_value": 5.0, "maximum_value": 8.5 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 1.7, "normal_value": 4.6, "maximum_value": 7.5 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 1.12, "normal_value": 3.92, "maximum_value": 6.72 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 1.12, "normal_value": 3.92, "maximum_value": 6.72 } }, "related_tests": [ "neu_percent", "wbc", "eos_percent", "bas_percent" ], "source_ids": [ "uiowa_pediatric_reference", "uchicago_cbc_diff", "medlineplus_differential" ], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUAVvLkcN0M" }, { "id": "haptoglobin", "display_name": "Haptoglobin", "aliases": [ "HP" ], "category": "CBC", "unit": "mg/dL", "description": "Haptoglobin measures protein that binds free hemoglobin after red-cell breakdown.", "why_important": "A high haptoglobin may rise with inflammation because it is an acute-phase protein. A low haptoglobin supports red-cell breakdown when interpreted with LDH, bilirubin, and reticulocytes.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support healthy blood production with balanced protein, iron, B12, folate, and vitamin C from whole foods.", "Stay well hydrated unless a clinician advises fluid restriction." ], "exercises": [ "Use moderate activity as tolerated when blood counts are stable.", "Avoid intense training if anemia, infection, or bleeding symptoms are present until evaluated." ], "supplements": [ "Discuss iron, B12, or folate supplementation only when testing supports a deficiency.", "Do not start blood-building supplements without clinician guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 30, "normal_value": 115.0, "maximum_value": 200 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 30, "normal_value": 115.0, "maximum_value": 200 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 30, "normal_value": 115.0, "maximum_value": 200 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 30, "normal_value": 115.0, "maximum_value": 200 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QR_hcSow4OI" }, { "id": "hba1c", "display_name": "HbA1c", "aliases": [ "A1c", "Hemoglobin A1c", "Glycated Hemoglobin", "HgbA1C" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "%", "description": "HbA1c measures average blood sugar over ~3 months.", "why_important": "A high HbA1c reflects higher average blood sugar over ~3 months and is used to screen for prediabetes and diabetes. A low HbA1c is generally not a concern.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 4.0, "normal_value": 4.8, "maximum_value": 5.6 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 4.0, "normal_value": 4.8, "maximum_value": 5.6 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 4.0, "normal_value": 4.8, "maximum_value": 5.6 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 4.0, "normal_value": 4.8, "maximum_value": 5.6 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V4PJ7n-RDf8" }, { "id": "hct", "display_name": "Hematocrit", "aliases": [ "HCT", "PCV", "Packed cell volume" ], "category": "CBC", "unit": "%", "description": "Hematocrit measures fraction of blood made up of red cells.", "why_important": "Often tracks with hemoglobin; may reflect dehydration or increased red-cell production. Usually moves with hemoglobin and points toward anemia or recent blood loss.", "sex_significance": { "level": "high", "summary": "Reference intervals for this marker can differ by sex after puberty.", "pipeline_guidance": "Prefer sex-specific lab ranges when available and include clinician context when sex is unknown." }, "sex_specific_statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "male": { "minimal_value": 31, "normal_value": 37.5, "maximum_value": 44 }, "female": { "minimal_value": 31, "normal_value": 37.5, "maximum_value": 44 }, "unknown": { "minimal_value": 31, "normal_value": 37.5, "maximum_value": 44 } }, "teenager": { "male": { "minimal_value": 37, "normal_value": 43.0, "maximum_value": 49 }, "female": { "minimal_value": 36, "normal_value": 41.0, "maximum_value": 46 }, "unknown": { "minimal_value": 36, "normal_value": 42.5, "maximum_value": 49 } }, "adult": { "male": { "minimal_value": 40, "normal_value": 46.0, "maximum_value": 52 }, "female": { "minimal_value": 35, "normal_value": 41.0, "maximum_value": 47 }, "unknown": { "minimal_value": 35, "normal_value": 43.5, "maximum_value": 52 } }, "elder": { "male": { "minimal_value": 40, "normal_value": 46.0, "maximum_value": 52 }, "female": { "minimal_value": 35, "normal_value": 41.0, "maximum_value": 47 }, "unknown": { "minimal_value": 35, "normal_value": 43.5, "maximum_value": 52 } } }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support healthy blood production with balanced protein, iron, B12, folate, and vitamin C from whole foods.", "Stay well hydrated unless a clinician advises fluid restriction." ], "exercises": [ "Use moderate activity as tolerated when blood counts are stable.", "Avoid intense training if anemia, infection, or bleeding symptoms are present until evaluated." ], "supplements": [ "Discuss iron, B12, or folate supplementation only when testing supports a deficiency.", "Do not start blood-building supplements without clinician guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 35, "normal_value": 43.5, "maximum_value": 52 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 35, "normal_value": 43.5, "maximum_value": 52 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 35, "normal_value": 43.5, "maximum_value": 52 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 35, "normal_value": 43.5, "maximum_value": 52 } }, "related_tests": [ "hemoglobin", "rbc" ], "source_ids": [ "medlineplus_cbc", "uiowa_cbc_reference", "uiowa_pediatric_reference", "seattle_childrens_hematocrit" ], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5PVCKWLgXU" }, { "id": "hdl_cholesterol", "display_name": "HDL Cholesterol", "aliases": [ "HDL", "HDL-C" ], "category": "Lipid", "unit": "mg/dL", "description": "HDL Cholesterol measures 'good' cholesterol that clears arteries.", "why_important": "A higher HDL ('good' cholesterol) is generally protective. A low HDL is associated with higher cardiovascular risk; exercise and not smoking help raise it.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Emphasize fiber-rich plants, fish, legumes, nuts, and unsaturated fats.", "Reduce trans fats, excess saturated fat, and refined carbohydrates when triglycerides or LDL are high." ], "exercises": [ "Use regular aerobic and resistance exercise to support lipid and cardiovascular health.", "Maintain consistency rather than extreme short-term training bursts." ], "supplements": [ "Discuss statins, fibrates, omega-3 prescriptions, or other lipid therapies with a clinician.", "Do not rely on unproven supplement cocktails for cholesterol management." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 40, "normal_value": 50.0, "maximum_value": 60.0 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 40, "normal_value": 50.0, "maximum_value": 60.0 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 40, "normal_value": 50.0, "maximum_value": 60.0 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 40, "normal_value": 50.0, "maximum_value": 60.0 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KeoZck3T824" }, { "id": "hemoglobin", "display_name": "Hemoglobin", "aliases": [ "HGB", "Hb", "Hgb" ], "category": "CBC", "unit": "g/dL", "description": "Hemoglobin measures oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells.", "why_important": "May be associated with dehydration, smoking, living at high altitude, or less commonly the body making too many red cells. A low hemoglobin is the hallmark of anemia, which can stem from iron, B12 or folate deficiency, blood loss, or chronic disease.", "sex_significance": { "level": "high", "summary": "Reference intervals for this marker can differ by sex after puberty.", "pipeline_guidance": "Prefer sex-specific lab ranges when available and include clinician context when sex is unknown." }, "sex_specific_statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "male": { "minimal_value": 10.9, "normal_value": 12.95, "maximum_value": 15.0 }, "female": { "minimal_value": 10.9, "normal_value": 12.95, "maximum_value": 15.0 }, "unknown": { "minimal_value": 10.9, "normal_value": 12.95, "maximum_value": 15.0 } }, "teenager": { "male": { "minimal_value": 13.2, "normal_value": 15.45, "maximum_value": 17.7 }, "female": { "minimal_value": 11.9, "normal_value": 13.7, "maximum_value": 15.5 }, "unknown": { "minimal_value": 11.9, "normal_value": 14.8, "maximum_value": 17.7 } }, "adult": { "male": { "minimal_value": 13.2, "normal_value": 15.45, "maximum_value": 17.7 }, "female": { "minimal_value": 11.9, "normal_value": 13.7, "maximum_value": 15.5 }, "unknown": { "minimal_value": 11.9, "normal_value": 14.8, "maximum_value": 17.7 } }, "elder": { "male": { "minimal_value": 13.2, "normal_value": 15.45, "maximum_value": 17.7 }, "female": { "minimal_value": 11.9, "normal_value": 13.7, "maximum_value": 15.5 }, "unknown": { "minimal_value": 11.9, "normal_value": 14.8, "maximum_value": 17.7 } } }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support healthy blood production with balanced protein, iron, B12, folate, and vitamin C from whole foods.", "Stay well hydrated unless a clinician advises fluid restriction." ], "exercises": [ "Use moderate activity as tolerated when blood counts are stable.", "Avoid intense training if anemia, infection, or bleeding symptoms are present until evaluated." ], "supplements": [ "Discuss iron, B12, or folate supplementation only when testing supports a deficiency.", "Do not start blood-building supplements without clinician guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 11.9, "normal_value": 14.8, "maximum_value": 17.7 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 11.9, "normal_value": 14.8, "maximum_value": 17.7 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 11.9, "normal_value": 14.8, "maximum_value": 17.7 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 11.9, "normal_value": 14.8, "maximum_value": 17.7 } }, "related_tests": [ "rbc", "hct", "mcv", "mch", "mchc", "rdw_cv", "rdw_sd" ], "source_ids": [ "medlineplus_cbc", "uiowa_cbc_reference", "uiowa_pediatric_reference", "nih_ods_iron", "nih_ods_b12", "nih_ods_folate" ], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E7c4zr-FHcA" }, { "id": "homocysteine", "display_name": "Homocysteine", "aliases": [ "Hcy" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "umol/L", "description": "Homocysteine measures amino acid linked to B-vitamin status and vascular risk.", "why_important": "A high homocysteine may relate to low B vitamins and is linked to vascular risk in research. A low homocysteine is generally favorable.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 5, "normal_value": 10.0, "maximum_value": 15 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 5, "normal_value": 10.0, "maximum_value": 15 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 5, "normal_value": 10.0, "maximum_value": 15 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 5, "normal_value": 10.0, "maximum_value": 15 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XbX9K1OtFFs" }, { "id": "hs_crp", "display_name": "hs-CRP", "aliases": [ "High-Sensitivity CRP", "High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein" ], "category": "Inflammation", "unit": "mg/L", "description": "hs-CRP measures high-sensitivity CRP for cardiovascular risk.", "why_important": "An elevated hs-CRP adds to cardiovascular risk even when general CRP is low-grade. A low hs-CRP is generally favorable for heart risk.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Use an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern rich in vegetables, fruit, legumes, and omega-3 sources.", "Limit excess alcohol and ultra-processed foods when inflammation markers are high." ], "exercises": [ "Use regular moderate exercise, which can lower chronic inflammation over time.", "Rest during acute infection or inflammatory flares as advised by a clinician." ], "supplements": [ "Treat the underlying cause rather than relying on generic anti-inflammatory supplements.", "Discuss persistent abnormal inflammatory markers with a clinician." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 1.5, "normal_value": 2.25, "maximum_value": 3.0 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 1.5, "normal_value": 2.25, "maximum_value": 3.0 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 1.5, "normal_value": 2.25, "maximum_value": 3.0 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 1.5, "normal_value": 2.25, "maximum_value": 3.0 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eRNFtwzyyCo" }, { "id": "igf_1", "display_name": "IGF-1", "aliases": [ "Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1", "Somatomedin C" ], "category": "Hormone", "unit": "ng/mL", "description": "IGF-1 measures growth factor reflecting growth-hormone activity.", "why_important": "A high IGF-1 may reflect excess growth hormone. A low IGF-1 may reflect growth-hormone deficiency or malnutrition.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support hormone health with adequate protein, healthy fats, fiber, and micronutrients.", "Avoid extreme dieting or rapid weight changes unless medically supervised." ], "exercises": [ "Use resistance training and sleep regularity to support hormonal balance.", "Adjust training load during symptomatic hormone disorders." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid unsupervised hormone-boosting products.", "Use prescribed hormone therapies only under endocrine or reproductive specialist guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 115, "normal_value": 235.0, "maximum_value": 355 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 115, "normal_value": 235.0, "maximum_value": 355 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 115, "normal_value": 235.0, "maximum_value": 355 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 115, "normal_value": 235.0, "maximum_value": 355 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_LKdNhF2WhI" }, { "id": "igfbp_3", "display_name": "IGF Binding Protein-3", "aliases": [ "IGFBP-3", "IGFBP3", "IGFbp3", "Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3", "Insulin-like Growth Factor-binding Protein 3" ], "category": "Hormone", "unit": "mcg/mL", "description": "IGF Binding Protein-3 measures major carrier protein for IGF-1 and marker of growth-hormone activity.", "why_important": "A high IGFBP-3 can accompany increased growth-hormone activity but must be interpreted with age, puberty stage, IGF-1, and lab method. A low IGFBP-3 may support reduced growth-hormone activity or malnutrition when it matches IGF-1 and growth history.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support hormone health with adequate protein, healthy fats, fiber, and micronutrients.", "Avoid extreme dieting or rapid weight changes unless medically supervised." ], "exercises": [ "Use resistance training and sleep regularity to support hormonal balance.", "Adjust training load during symptomatic hormone disorders." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid unsupervised hormone-boosting products.", "Use prescribed hormone therapies only under endocrine or reproductive specialist guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 3.1, "normal_value": 5.5, "maximum_value": 7.9 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 3.1, "normal_value": 5.5, "maximum_value": 7.9 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 3.1, "normal_value": 5.5, "maximum_value": 7.9 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 3.1, "normal_value": 5.5, "maximum_value": 7.9 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qV2rkofqK1I" }, { "id": "immunoglobulin_a", "display_name": "Immunoglobulin A", "aliases": [ "IgA" ], "category": "Inflammation", "unit": "mg/dL", "description": "Immunoglobulin A measures antibody class important at mucosal surfaces.", "why_important": "A high IgA may reflect inflammation, liver disease, mucosal immune activation, or monoclonal protein. A low IgA can be selective and may affect interpretation of some celiac tests.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Use an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern rich in vegetables, fruit, legumes, and omega-3 sources.", "Limit excess alcohol and ultra-processed foods when inflammation markers are high." ], "exercises": [ "Use regular moderate exercise, which can lower chronic inflammation over time.", "Rest during acute infection or inflammatory flares as advised by a clinician." ], "supplements": [ "Treat the underlying cause rather than relying on generic anti-inflammatory supplements.", "Discuss persistent abnormal inflammatory markers with a clinician." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 70, "normal_value": 235.0, "maximum_value": 400 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 70, "normal_value": 235.0, "maximum_value": 400 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 70, "normal_value": 235.0, "maximum_value": 400 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 70, "normal_value": 235.0, "maximum_value": 400 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pkn3qA7s-NI" }, { "id": "immunoglobulin_e", "display_name": "Immunoglobulin E", "aliases": [ "IgE" ], "category": "Inflammation", "unit": "IU/mL", "description": "Immunoglobulin E measures antibody class linked to allergy and parasite responses.", "why_important": "A high IgE is commonly associated with allergies, eczema, asthma, or parasite exposure. A low IgE is usually not clinically significant.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Use an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern rich in vegetables, fruit, legumes, and omega-3 sources.", "Limit excess alcohol and ultra-processed foods when inflammation markers are high." ], "exercises": [ "Use regular moderate exercise, which can lower chronic inflammation over time.", "Rest during acute infection or inflammatory flares as advised by a clinician." ], "supplements": [ "Treat the underlying cause rather than relying on generic anti-inflammatory supplements.", "Discuss persistent abnormal inflammatory markers with a clinician." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 50.0, "normal_value": 75.0, "maximum_value": 100 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 50.0, "normal_value": 75.0, "maximum_value": 100 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 50.0, "normal_value": 75.0, "maximum_value": 100 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 50.0, "normal_value": 75.0, "maximum_value": 100 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z95-fg7bzLA" }, { "id": "immunoglobulin_g", "display_name": "Immunoglobulin G", "aliases": [ "IgG" ], "category": "Inflammation", "unit": "mg/dL", "description": "Immunoglobulin G measures major circulating antibody class.", "why_important": "A high IgG may reflect chronic inflammation, infection, autoimmune disease, liver disease, or monoclonal protein. A low IgG may reflect immune deficiency, protein loss, or treatment effects.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Use an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern rich in vegetables, fruit, legumes, and omega-3 sources.", "Limit excess alcohol and ultra-processed foods when inflammation markers are high." ], "exercises": [ "Use regular moderate exercise, which can lower chronic inflammation over time.", "Rest during acute infection or inflammatory flares as advised by a clinician." ], "supplements": [ "Treat the underlying cause rather than relying on generic anti-inflammatory supplements.", "Discuss persistent abnormal inflammatory markers with a clinician." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 700, "normal_value": 1150.0, "maximum_value": 1600 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 700, "normal_value": 1150.0, "maximum_value": 1600 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 700, "normal_value": 1150.0, "maximum_value": 1600 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 700, "normal_value": 1150.0, "maximum_value": 1600 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d_3VZ5vDiHI" }, { "id": "immunoglobulin_m", "display_name": "Immunoglobulin M", "aliases": [ "IgM" ], "category": "Inflammation", "unit": "mg/dL", "description": "Immunoglobulin M measures early-response antibody class.", "why_important": "A high IgM may appear with recent immune stimulation or some monoclonal protein disorders. A low IgM may reflect immune deficiency or treatment effects.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Use an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern rich in vegetables, fruit, legumes, and omega-3 sources.", "Limit excess alcohol and ultra-processed foods when inflammation markers are high." ], "exercises": [ "Use regular moderate exercise, which can lower chronic inflammation over time.", "Rest during acute infection or inflammatory flares as advised by a clinician." ], "supplements": [ "Treat the underlying cause rather than relying on generic anti-inflammatory supplements.", "Discuss persistent abnormal inflammatory markers with a clinician." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 40, "normal_value": 135.0, "maximum_value": 230 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 40, "normal_value": 135.0, "maximum_value": 230 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 40, "normal_value": 135.0, "maximum_value": 230 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 40, "normal_value": 135.0, "maximum_value": 230 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ztF-419fac" }, { "id": "inr", "display_name": "INR", "aliases": [ "International Normalized Ratio" ], "category": "Coagulation", "unit": "ratio", "description": "INR measures standardized prothrombin time for warfarin monitoring.", "why_important": "A high INR means slower clotting; it is expected on warfarin but dangerous if unintentionally high. A low INR on warfarin may mean under-anticoagulation.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Maintain consistent vitamin K intake if on warfarin, rather than large day-to-day swings.", "Use a balanced diet unless anticoagulation counseling specifies otherwise." ], "exercises": [ "Stay active, but use contact-sport caution when bleeding risk is elevated.", "Seek urgent care for unexplained bruising, bleeding, or clot symptoms." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid starting aspirin, fish oil, or herbals that affect clotting without clinician review.", "Take anticoagulants exactly as prescribed and monitor INR/PT when required." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 0.9, "normal_value": 1.0, "maximum_value": 1.1 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 0.9, "normal_value": 1.0, "maximum_value": 1.1 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 0.9, "normal_value": 1.0, "maximum_value": 1.1 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 0.9, "normal_value": 1.0, "maximum_value": 1.1 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kCz5Rde9Gp0" }, { "id": "insulin", "display_name": "Insulin", "aliases": [ "Fasting Insulin", "Free Insulin", "Total Insulin", "Insulin Free", "Insulin Total" ], "category": "Hormone", "unit": "uIU/mL", "description": "Insulin measures hormone that lowers blood sugar.", "why_important": "A high insulin may reflect insulin resistance even when glucose is still normal. A low insulin may appear in type 1 diabetes or long-standing type 2 diabetes.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support hormone health with adequate protein, healthy fats, fiber, and micronutrients.", "Avoid extreme dieting or rapid weight changes unless medically supervised." ], "exercises": [ "Use resistance training and sleep regularity to support hormonal balance.", "Adjust training load during symptomatic hormone disorders." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid unsupervised hormone-boosting products.", "Use prescribed hormone therapies only under endocrine or reproductive specialist guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 2.6, "normal_value": 13.75, "maximum_value": 24.9 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 2.6, "normal_value": 13.75, "maximum_value": 24.9 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 2.6, "normal_value": 13.75, "maximum_value": 24.9 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 2.6, "normal_value": 13.75, "maximum_value": 24.9 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w4jHtPUNg6E" }, { "id": "lactate", "display_name": "Lactate", "aliases": [ "Lactic Acid", "Lactate, Blood" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "mmol/L", "description": "Lactate measures byproduct of anaerobic metabolism.", "why_important": "A high lactate may reflect poor tissue oxygen delivery, sepsis, or strenuous exercise at draw time. A low lactate is not a concern.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 0.5, "normal_value": 1.25, "maximum_value": 2.0 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 0.5, "normal_value": 1.25, "maximum_value": 2.0 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 0.5, "normal_value": 1.25, "maximum_value": 2.0 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 0.5, "normal_value": 1.25, "maximum_value": 2.0 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XuGPoQWzIco" }, { "id": "ldh", "display_name": "LDH", "aliases": [ "Lactate Dehydrogenase" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "U/L", "description": "LDH measures enzyme released when cells are damaged.", "why_important": "LDH is a nonspecific marker of cell damage from hemolysis, liver injury, muscle injury, or malignancy. A low LDH is not typically a concern.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 140, "normal_value": 210.0, "maximum_value": 280 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 140, "normal_value": 210.0, "maximum_value": 280 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 140, "normal_value": 210.0, "maximum_value": 280 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 140, "normal_value": 210.0, "maximum_value": 280 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cr0cnpUEYSM" }, { "id": "ldl_cholesterol", "display_name": "LDL Cholesterol", "aliases": [ "LDL", "LDL-C" ], "category": "Lipid", "unit": "mg/dL", "description": "LDL Cholesterol measures 'bad' cholesterol that builds in arteries.", "why_important": "LDL ('bad' cholesterol) is the main driver of plaque buildup; targets depend on your personal risk. A low LDL is generally favorable.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Emphasize fiber-rich plants, fish, legumes, nuts, and unsaturated fats.", "Reduce trans fats, excess saturated fat, and refined carbohydrates when triglycerides or LDL are high." ], "exercises": [ "Use regular aerobic and resistance exercise to support lipid and cardiovascular health.", "Maintain consistency rather than extreme short-term training bursts." ], "supplements": [ "Discuss statins, fibrates, omega-3 prescriptions, or other lipid therapies with a clinician.", "Do not rely on unproven supplement cocktails for cholesterol management." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 50.0, "normal_value": 75.0, "maximum_value": 100 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 50.0, "normal_value": 75.0, "maximum_value": 100 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 50.0, "normal_value": 75.0, "maximum_value": 100 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 50.0, "normal_value": 75.0, "maximum_value": 100 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EfdwqypYAlU" }, { "id": "lh", "display_name": "LH", "aliases": [ "Luteinizing Hormone" ], "category": "Hormone", "unit": "mIU/mL", "description": "LH measures pituitary signal for ovulation and testosterone.", "why_important": "A high LH may appear at menopause or with polycystic ovary syndrome depending on context. A low LH may relate to pituitary or hypothalamic causes of low sex hormones.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support hormone health with adequate protein, healthy fats, fiber, and micronutrients.", "Avoid extreme dieting or rapid weight changes unless medically supervised." ], "exercises": [ "Use resistance training and sleep regularity to support hormonal balance.", "Adjust training load during symptomatic hormone disorders." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid unsupervised hormone-boosting products.", "Use prescribed hormone therapies only under endocrine or reproductive specialist guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 1.5, "normal_value": 5.4, "maximum_value": 9.3 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 1.5, "normal_value": 5.4, "maximum_value": 9.3 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 1.5, "normal_value": 5.4, "maximum_value": 9.3 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 1.5, "normal_value": 5.4, "maximum_value": 9.3 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvadRkqsuvQ" }, { "id": "lipase", "display_name": "Lipase", "aliases": [ "LPS" ], "category": "Liver", "unit": "U/L", "description": "Lipase measures pancreatic enzyme for fat digestion.", "why_important": "A high lipase commonly points to pancreatic inflammation but can rise with other abdominal conditions. A low lipase is not typically significant.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Limit alcohol and avoid unnecessary hepatotoxic exposures when liver enzymes are abnormal.", "Choose balanced meals with vegetables, fiber, and moderate healthy fats." ], "exercises": [ "Stay active within symptom limits; avoid heavy alcohol-related training recovery patterns.", "Seek medical review before intense exercise if jaundice or severe abdominal pain is present." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid unverified liver detox products.", "Discuss medication, herb, and supplement use because many affect liver tests." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 80.0, "maximum_value": 160 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 80.0, "maximum_value": 160 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 80.0, "maximum_value": 160 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 0, "normal_value": 80.0, "maximum_value": 160 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTbimcKKlKQ" }, { "id": "lipoprotein_a", "display_name": "Lipoprotein(a)", "aliases": [ "Lp(a)", "Lipoprotein a" ], "category": "Lipid", "unit": "mg/dL", "description": "Lipoprotein(a) measures genetically influenced LDL-like particle.", "why_important": "Lp(a) is largely genetic and adds cardiovascular risk independent of LDL. A low Lp(a) is generally favorable.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Emphasize fiber-rich plants, fish, legumes, nuts, and unsaturated fats.", "Reduce trans fats, excess saturated fat, and refined carbohydrates when triglycerides or LDL are high." ], "exercises": [ "Use regular aerobic and resistance exercise to support lipid and cardiovascular health.", "Maintain consistency rather than extreme short-term training bursts." ], "supplements": [ "Discuss statins, fibrates, omega-3 prescriptions, or other lipid therapies with a clinician.", "Do not rely on unproven supplement cocktails for cholesterol management." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 15.0, "normal_value": 22.5, "maximum_value": 30 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 15.0, "normal_value": 22.5, "maximum_value": 30 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 15.0, "normal_value": 22.5, "maximum_value": 30 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 15.0, "normal_value": 22.5, "maximum_value": 30 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VSCtsOjQEkk" }, { "id": "lym_absolute", "display_name": "Absolute Lymphocyte Count", "aliases": [ "LYM#", "Lymphocyte #", "Absolute lymphocytes", "ALC", "Lymphocytes Absolute", "Abs Lymphocytes" ], "category": "CBC", "unit": "10^3/uL", "description": "Absolute Lymphocyte Count measures count of adaptive immune white cells.", "why_important": "A high lymphocyte count may follow viral infections or certain immune conditions. A low lymphocyte count can follow stress, steroids, or immune conditions.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support healthy blood production with balanced protein, iron, B12, folate, and vitamin C from whole foods.", "Stay well hydrated unless a clinician advises fluid restriction." ], "exercises": [ "Use moderate activity as tolerated when blood counts are stable.", "Avoid intense training if anemia, infection, or bleeding symptoms are present until evaluated." ], "supplements": [ "Discuss iron, B12, or folate supplementation only when testing supports a deficiency.", "Do not start blood-building supplements without clinician guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 0.875, "normal_value": 2.84, "maximum_value": 4.8 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 0.875, "normal_value": 2.84, "maximum_value": 4.8 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 0.875, "normal_value": 2.84, "maximum_value": 4.8 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 0.875, "normal_value": 2.84, "maximum_value": 4.8 } }, "related_tests": [ "lym_percent", "wbc" ], "source_ids": [ "uiowa_pediatric_reference", "uchicago_cbc_diff", "medlineplus_differential" ], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBdWjr0BNj8" }, { "id": "lym_percent", "display_name": "Lymphocytes Percent", "aliases": [ "LYM%", "Lymphocyte %", "Lymphocytes" ], "category": "CBC differential", "unit": "%", "description": "Lymphocyte percentage is the share of white blood cells that are lymphocytes, including B cells and T cells.", "why_important": "It helps evaluate immune patterns such as viral infections, chronic inflammation, immune suppression, and some blood disorders.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "Lymphocyte percentage is generally interpreted with shared reference intervals across sex categories.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the source report provides a sex-specific or pregnancy-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Maintain adequate protein, micronutrients, and calories to support immune cell production.", "Use a varied dietary pattern rather than targeting lymphocyte percentage directly.", "Seek evaluation for persistent abnormal values instead of relying on diet alone." ], "exercises": [ "Moderate regular activity supports immune resilience.", "Avoid heavy training during acute illness or unexplained low counts." ], "supplements": [ "Do not use supplements to force lymphocyte changes.", "Discuss abnormal lymphocyte percentage with a clinician, especially if absolute lymphocyte count is also abnormal." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 20, "normal_value": 30.0, "maximum_value": 40 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 20, "normal_value": 30.0, "maximum_value": 40 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 20, "normal_value": 30.0, "maximum_value": 40 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 20, "normal_value": 30.0, "maximum_value": 40 } }, "related_tests": [ "wbc", "lym_absolute" ], "source_ids": [ "medlineplus_differential", "medlineplus_differential_encyclopedia" ], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUAVvLkcN0M" }, { "id": "magnesium", "display_name": "Magnesium", "aliases": [ "Mg", "Mg++" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "mg/dL", "description": "Magnesium measures electrolyte for nerves, muscle, and heart rhythm.", "why_important": "A high magnesium is uncommon outside supplements or severe kidney impairment. A low magnesium can cause cramps, tremor, or heart rhythm issues and often accompanies low potassium.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 1.7, "normal_value": 1.95, "maximum_value": 2.2 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 1.7, "normal_value": 1.95, "maximum_value": 2.2 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 1.7, "normal_value": 1.95, "maximum_value": 2.2 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 1.7, "normal_value": 1.95, "maximum_value": 2.2 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AE0_1dIgVQc" }, { "id": "mch", "display_name": "MCH", "aliases": [ "MCH", "Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin" ], "category": "CBC", "unit": "pg", "description": "MCH measures average hemoglobin per red blood cell.", "why_important": "A high MCH usually tracks with large red cells (high MCV) and similar causes such as B12 or folate deficiency. A low MCH usually tracks with small red cells (low MCV) and points toward iron deficiency.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support healthy blood production with balanced protein, iron, B12, folate, and vitamin C from whole foods.", "Stay well hydrated unless a clinician advises fluid restriction." ], "exercises": [ "Use moderate activity as tolerated when blood counts are stable.", "Avoid intense training if anemia, infection, or bleeding symptoms are present until evaluated." ], "supplements": [ "Discuss iron, B12, or folate supplementation only when testing supports a deficiency.", "Do not start blood-building supplements without clinician guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 25, "normal_value": 30.0, "maximum_value": 35 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 25, "normal_value": 30.0, "maximum_value": 35 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 25, "normal_value": 30.0, "maximum_value": 35 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 25, "normal_value": 30.0, "maximum_value": 35 } }, "related_tests": [ "mcv", "mchc", "hemoglobin" ], "source_ids": [ "uiowa_cbc_reference", "uiowa_pediatric_reference", "nih_ods_iron" ], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WiuD3wUXHgA" }, { "id": "mchc", "display_name": "MCHC", "aliases": [ "MCHC", "Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration" ], "category": "CBC", "unit": "g/dL", "description": "MCHC measures average hemoglobin concentration in red cells.", "why_important": "A high MCHC may reflect spherocytosis or dehydration-related concentration. A low MCHC is common in iron-deficiency anemia where cells carry less hemoglobin.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support healthy blood production with balanced protein, iron, B12, folate, and vitamin C from whole foods.", "Stay well hydrated unless a clinician advises fluid restriction." ], "exercises": [ "Use moderate activity as tolerated when blood counts are stable.", "Avoid intense training if anemia, infection, or bleeding symptoms are present until evaluated." ], "supplements": [ "Discuss iron, B12, or folate supplementation only when testing supports a deficiency.", "Do not start blood-building supplements without clinician guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 32, "normal_value": 34.0, "maximum_value": 36 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 32, "normal_value": 34.0, "maximum_value": 36 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 32, "normal_value": 34.0, "maximum_value": 36 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 32, "normal_value": 34.0, "maximum_value": 36 } }, "related_tests": [ "mch", "mcv", "hemoglobin" ], "source_ids": [ "uiowa_cbc_reference", "uiowa_pediatric_reference" ], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cZXr-91hNr8" }, { "id": "mcv", "display_name": "MCV", "aliases": [ "MCV", "Mean Corpuscular Volume" ], "category": "CBC", "unit": "fL", "description": "MCV measures average size of red blood cells.", "why_important": "A high MCV (large red cells) is classically associated with B12 or folate deficiency, alcohol, or thyroid issues. A low MCV (small red cells) is classically associated with iron deficiency or thalassemia.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support healthy blood production with balanced protein, iron, B12, folate, and vitamin C from whole foods.", "Stay well hydrated unless a clinician advises fluid restriction." ], "exercises": [ "Use moderate activity as tolerated when blood counts are stable.", "Avoid intense training if anemia, infection, or bleeding symptoms are present until evaluated." ], "supplements": [ "Discuss iron, B12, or folate supplementation only when testing supports a deficiency.", "Do not start blood-building supplements without clinician guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 82, "normal_value": 90.5, "maximum_value": 99 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 82, "normal_value": 90.5, "maximum_value": 99 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 82, "normal_value": 90.5, "maximum_value": 99 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 82, "normal_value": 90.5, "maximum_value": 99 } }, "related_tests": [ "hemoglobin", "mch", "mchc", "rdw_cv", "rdw_sd" ], "source_ids": [ "medlineplus_cbc", "uiowa_cbc_reference", "nih_ods_iron", "nih_ods_b12", "nih_ods_folate" ], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQoV-QpRnLk" }, { "id": "methylmalonic_acid", "display_name": "Methylmalonic Acid", "aliases": [ "MMA" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "nmol/L", "description": "Methylmalonic Acid measures functional marker of vitamin B12 activity.", "why_important": "A high methylmalonic acid supports functional vitamin B12 deficiency, especially when B12 is borderline. A low methylmalonic acid is usually not a concern.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 189.0, "normal_value": 283.5, "maximum_value": 378 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 189.0, "normal_value": 283.5, "maximum_value": 378 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 189.0, "normal_value": 283.5, "maximum_value": 378 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 189.0, "normal_value": 283.5, "maximum_value": 378 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ky-Mu5yVyuU" }, { "id": "mon_absolute", "display_name": "Absolute Monocyte Count", "aliases": [ "AMC", "Monocytes Absolute", "Abs Monocytes", "Absolute Monocyte Count" ], "category": "CBC", "unit": "10^3/uL", "description": "Absolute Monocyte Count measures count of cleanup and immune white cells.", "why_important": "A high monocyte count may appear during recovery from infection or with chronic inflammation. A low monocyte count is rarely significant on its own.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support healthy blood production with balanced protein, iron, B12, folate, and vitamin C from whole foods.", "Stay well hydrated unless a clinician advises fluid restriction." ], "exercises": [ "Use moderate activity as tolerated when blood counts are stable.", "Avoid intense training if anemia, infection, or bleeding symptoms are present until evaluated." ], "supplements": [ "Discuss iron, B12, or folate supplementation only when testing supports a deficiency.", "Do not start blood-building supplements without clinician guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 0.2, "normal_value": 0.5, "maximum_value": 0.8 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 0.2, "normal_value": 0.5, "maximum_value": 0.8 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 0.2, "normal_value": 0.5, "maximum_value": 0.8 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 0.2, "normal_value": 0.5, "maximum_value": 0.8 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=se5Jy1BIJCU" }, { "id": "mon_percent", "display_name": "Monocytes Percent", "aliases": [ "MON%", "Monocyte %", "Monocytes" ], "category": "CBC differential", "unit": "%", "description": "Monocyte percentage is the share of white blood cells that are monocytes, immune cells involved in clearing germs and dead cells and coordinating immune response.", "why_important": "It can support evaluation of infections, chronic inflammation, recovery from infection, and some blood or marrow disorders.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "Monocyte percentage is usually not split by sex in routine CBC differential interpretation.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report gives a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Eat enough protein and a varied diet to support immune function.", "No specific food reliably lowers or raises monocyte percentage.", "Persistent abnormalities should prompt review for infection, inflammation, medications, or other causes." ], "exercises": [ "Use regular moderate exercise for general immune and metabolic health.", "Rest when acutely ill or febrile." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid immune supplements as a replacement for medical evaluation.", "Review supplement and medication use if monocytes are persistently abnormal." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 2, "normal_value": 5.0, "maximum_value": 8 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 2, "normal_value": 5.0, "maximum_value": 8 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 2, "normal_value": 5.0, "maximum_value": 8 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 2, "normal_value": 5.0, "maximum_value": 8 } }, "related_tests": [ "wbc" ], "source_ids": [ "medlineplus_differential", "medlineplus_differential_encyclopedia" ], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUAVvLkcN0M" }, { "id": "mpv", "display_name": "MPV", "aliases": [ "Mean Platelet Volume" ], "category": "CBC", "unit": "fL", "description": "MPV measures average size of platelets.", "why_important": "A high MPV means larger platelets, which can appear when the marrow is making new platelets quickly. A low MPV is usually not a concern on its own.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support healthy blood production with balanced protein, iron, B12, folate, and vitamin C from whole foods.", "Stay well hydrated unless a clinician advises fluid restriction." ], "exercises": [ "Use moderate activity as tolerated when blood counts are stable.", "Avoid intense training if anemia, infection, or bleeding symptoms are present until evaluated." ], "supplements": [ "Discuss iron, B12, or folate supplementation only when testing supports a deficiency.", "Do not start blood-building supplements without clinician guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 7.5, "normal_value": 9.5, "maximum_value": 11.5 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 7.5, "normal_value": 9.5, "maximum_value": 11.5 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 7.5, "normal_value": 9.5, "maximum_value": 11.5 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 7.5, "normal_value": 9.5, "maximum_value": 11.5 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gvmOvYazV40" }, { "id": "myoglobin", "display_name": "Myoglobin", "aliases": [ "Mb" ], "category": "Cardiac", "unit": "ng/mL", "description": "Myoglobin measures oxygen-binding muscle protein released with muscle injury.", "why_important": "A high myoglobin may reflect skeletal or heart muscle injury and is less specific than troponin. A low myoglobin is expected without recent muscle injury.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Follow a heart-healthy diet low in excess sodium and harmful fats when cardiac markers are abnormal.", "Limit alcohol and manage blood pressure, glucose, and lipids together." ], "exercises": [ "Use clinician-approved cardiac rehabilitation or gradual aerobic training when safe.", "Seek emergency care for chest pain, severe shortness of breath, or syncope." ], "supplements": [ "Do not self-treat suspected heart injury with supplements.", "Take prescribed cardiac medications consistently and review interactions." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 25, "normal_value": 48.5, "maximum_value": 72 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 25, "normal_value": 48.5, "maximum_value": 72 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 25, "normal_value": 48.5, "maximum_value": 72 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 25, "normal_value": 48.5, "maximum_value": 72 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=udVccTOnmrM" }, { "id": "neu_absolute", "display_name": "Absolute Neutrophil Count", "aliases": [ "ANC", "Neutrophils Absolute", "Abs Neutrophils", "Absolute Neutrophil Count" ], "category": "CBC", "unit": "10^3/uL", "description": "Absolute Neutrophil Count measures count of infection-fighting white cells.", "why_important": "A high neutrophil count often accompanies bacterial infection, inflammation, or physical stress. A low neutrophil count raises infection risk and may follow viruses, medications, or bone-marrow issues.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support healthy blood production with balanced protein, iron, B12, folate, and vitamin C from whole foods.", "Stay well hydrated unless a clinician advises fluid restriction." ], "exercises": [ "Use moderate activity as tolerated when blood counts are stable.", "Avoid intense training if anemia, infection, or bleeding symptoms are present until evaluated." ], "supplements": [ "Discuss iron, B12, or folate supplementation only when testing supports a deficiency.", "Do not start blood-building supplements without clinician guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 1.8, "normal_value": 4.75, "maximum_value": 7.7 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 1.8, "normal_value": 4.75, "maximum_value": 7.7 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 1.8, "normal_value": 4.75, "maximum_value": 7.7 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 1.8, "normal_value": 4.75, "maximum_value": 7.7 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fju2R0gDTf8" }, { "id": "neu_percent", "display_name": "Neutrophils Percent", "aliases": [ "NEU%", "Neutrophil %", "Neutrophils" ], "category": "CBC differential", "unit": "%", "description": "Neutrophil percentage is the share of white blood cells that are neutrophils, the most common WBC type and a major defense against infection.", "why_important": "It helps interpret infection, inflammation, stress responses, medication effects, and marrow function, especially when paired with absolute neutrophil count.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "Neutrophil percentage is usually interpreted without separate male and female ranges. Pregnancy, acute stress, and medications can affect values.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval and prioritize the lab-provided range if pregnancy or other sex-specific context is documented." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support immune health with adequate protein, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and hydration.", "There is no diet that directly normalizes neutrophil percentage; treat the cause.", "Practice food safety if a clinician says neutrophils are dangerously low." ], "exercises": [ "Rest during acute infection or fever.", "Resume moderate activity gradually after illness; intense exercise can transiently shift white-cell patterns." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid self-treating abnormal neutrophils with supplements.", "Discuss medication effects, infections, and need for repeat CBC or absolute neutrophil count with a clinician." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 40, "normal_value": 55.0, "maximum_value": 70 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 40, "normal_value": 55.0, "maximum_value": 70 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 40, "normal_value": 55.0, "maximum_value": 70 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 40, "normal_value": 55.0, "maximum_value": 70 } }, "related_tests": [ "wbc", "gra_absolute" ], "source_ids": [ "medlineplus_differential", "medlineplus_differential_encyclopedia" ], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUAVvLkcN0M" }, { "id": "non_hdl_cholesterol", "display_name": "Non-HDL Cholesterol", "aliases": [ "Non-HDL-C", "Non HDL Cholesterol" ], "category": "Lipid", "unit": "mg/dL", "description": "Non-HDL Cholesterol measures all cholesterol except HDL; atherogenic fraction.", "why_important": "Non-HDL cholesterol captures all atherogenic particles and adds to cardiovascular risk. A low non-HDL cholesterol is generally favorable.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Emphasize fiber-rich plants, fish, legumes, nuts, and unsaturated fats.", "Reduce trans fats, excess saturated fat, and refined carbohydrates when triglycerides or LDL are high." ], "exercises": [ "Use regular aerobic and resistance exercise to support lipid and cardiovascular health.", "Maintain consistency rather than extreme short-term training bursts." ], "supplements": [ "Discuss statins, fibrates, omega-3 prescriptions, or other lipid therapies with a clinician.", "Do not rely on unproven supplement cocktails for cholesterol management." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 65.0, "normal_value": 97.5, "maximum_value": 130 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 65.0, "normal_value": 97.5, "maximum_value": 130 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 65.0, "normal_value": 97.5, "maximum_value": 130 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 65.0, "normal_value": 97.5, "maximum_value": 130 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eoUR7J0J1cA" }, { "id": "nt_probnp", "display_name": "NT-proBNP", "aliases": [ "N-terminal pro-BNP", "NT pro BNP" ], "category": "Cardiac", "unit": "pg/mL", "description": "NT-proBNP measures heart-stretch peptide used in heart failure assessment.", "why_important": "A high NT-proBNP suggests heart strain or heart failure, but age, kidney function, and rhythm affect interpretation. A low NT-proBNP makes heart failure less likely in the right clinical context.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Follow a heart-healthy diet low in excess sodium and harmful fats when cardiac markers are abnormal.", "Limit alcohol and manage blood pressure, glucose, and lipids together." ], "exercises": [ "Use clinician-approved cardiac rehabilitation or gradual aerobic training when safe.", "Seek emergency care for chest pain, severe shortness of breath, or syncope." ], "supplements": [ "Do not self-treat suspected heart injury with supplements.", "Take prescribed cardiac medications consistently and review interactions." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 62.5, "normal_value": 93.75, "maximum_value": 125 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 62.5, "normal_value": 93.75, "maximum_value": 125 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 62.5, "normal_value": 93.75, "maximum_value": 125 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 62.5, "normal_value": 93.75, "maximum_value": 125 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEt2lvWoMxA" }, { "id": "osmolality", "display_name": "Osmolality", "aliases": [ "Serum Osmolality" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "mOsm/kg", "description": "Osmolality measures concentration of particles in the blood.", "why_important": "A high osmolality may reflect dehydration, high blood sugar, or excess sodium. A low osmolality may reflect overhydration or low sodium.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 275, "normal_value": 285.0, "maximum_value": 295 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 275, "normal_value": 285.0, "maximum_value": 295 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 275, "normal_value": 285.0, "maximum_value": 295 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 275, "normal_value": 285.0, "maximum_value": 295 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VofGdSeafTA" }, { "id": "phosphate", "display_name": "Phosphate", "aliases": [ "Phosphorus", "PO4", "Inorganic Phosphate", "Phosphorous" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "mg/dL", "description": "Phosphate measures mineral for bones, energy, and cell membranes.", "why_important": "A high phosphate may relate to kidney disease, low parathyroid activity, or cell breakdown. A low phosphate may relate to malnutrition, alcohol, or overcorrection of vitamin D.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 2.5, "normal_value": 3.5, "maximum_value": 4.5 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 2.5, "normal_value": 3.5, "maximum_value": 4.5 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 2.5, "normal_value": 3.5, "maximum_value": 4.5 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 2.5, "normal_value": 3.5, "maximum_value": 4.5 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I0-ltFTa0Sc" }, { "id": "plt", "display_name": "Platelet Count", "aliases": [ "PLT", "Platelets", "Thrombocytes" ], "category": "CBC", "unit": "10^3/uL", "description": "Platelet Count measures cell fragments that help blood clot.", "why_important": "May rise with inflammation, infection, iron deficiency, or after the spleen is removed. A low platelet count can increase bruising or bleeding and may relate to infections, medications, or the bone marrow.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support healthy blood production with balanced protein, iron, B12, folate, and vitamin C from whole foods.", "Stay well hydrated unless a clinician advises fluid restriction." ], "exercises": [ "Use moderate activity as tolerated when blood counts are stable.", "Avoid intense training if anemia, infection, or bleeding symptoms are present until evaluated." ], "supplements": [ "Discuss iron, B12, or folate supplementation only when testing supports a deficiency.", "Do not start blood-building supplements without clinician guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 150, "normal_value": 275.0, "maximum_value": 400 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 150, "normal_value": 275.0, "maximum_value": 400 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 150, "normal_value": 275.0, "maximum_value": 400 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 150, "normal_value": 275.0, "maximum_value": 400 } }, "related_tests": [ "wbc", "hemoglobin" ], "source_ids": [ "medlineplus_cbc", "uiowa_cbc_reference", "seattle_childrens_platelet", "nih_ods_iron", "nih_ods_b12", "nih_ods_folate" ], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_1ckWNEwSDA" }, { "id": "potassium", "display_name": "Potassium", "aliases": [ "K", "K+" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "mmol/L", "description": "Potassium measures electrolyte vital for heart and muscle.", "why_important": "High potassium can affect heart rhythm and may relate to kidney function or medications; it can also be falsely high from the blood draw. Low potassium can cause muscle weakness or cramps and often relates to fluid loss or diuretics.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 3.5, "normal_value": 4.3, "maximum_value": 5.1 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 3.5, "normal_value": 4.3, "maximum_value": 5.1 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 3.5, "normal_value": 4.3, "maximum_value": 5.1 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 3.5, "normal_value": 4.3, "maximum_value": 5.1 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=obJk-dUbQR8" }, { "id": "prealbumin", "display_name": "Prealbumin", "aliases": [ "Transthyretin" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "mg/dL", "description": "Prealbumin measures short-lived protein reflecting recent nutrition.", "why_important": "A high prealbumin is uncommon and may reflect steroids or kidney loss of protein. A low prealbumin may reflect recent poor nutrition or inflammation.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 20, "normal_value": 30.0, "maximum_value": 40 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 20, "normal_value": 30.0, "maximum_value": 40 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 20, "normal_value": 30.0, "maximum_value": 40 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 20, "normal_value": 30.0, "maximum_value": 40 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UP7Waa6xrCY" }, { "id": "procalcitonin", "display_name": "Procalcitonin", "aliases": [ "PCT" ], "category": "Inflammation", "unit": "ng/mL", "description": "Procalcitonin measures marker that rises with bacterial infection.", "why_important": "A high procalcitonin more specifically suggests bacterial infection. A low procalcitonin makes serious bacterial infection less likely.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Use an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern rich in vegetables, fruit, legumes, and omega-3 sources.", "Limit excess alcohol and ultra-processed foods when inflammation markers are high." ], "exercises": [ "Use regular moderate exercise, which can lower chronic inflammation over time.", "Rest during acute infection or inflammatory flares as advised by a clinician." ], "supplements": [ "Treat the underlying cause rather than relying on generic anti-inflammatory supplements.", "Discuss persistent abnormal inflammatory markers with a clinician." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 0.05, "normal_value": 0.08, "maximum_value": 0.1 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 0.05, "normal_value": 0.08, "maximum_value": 0.1 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 0.05, "normal_value": 0.08, "maximum_value": 0.1 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 0.05, "normal_value": 0.08, "maximum_value": 0.1 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgvB_s-xlaQ" }, { "id": "progesterone", "display_name": "Progesterone", "aliases": [ "P4" ], "category": "Hormone", "unit": "ng/mL", "description": "Progesterone measures hormone that supports the uterine lining.", "why_important": "A high progesterone may reflect the luteal phase, pregnancy, or supplementation. A low progesterone may relate to anovulation or luteal-phase deficiency.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support hormone health with adequate protein, healthy fats, fiber, and micronutrients.", "Avoid extreme dieting or rapid weight changes unless medically supervised." ], "exercises": [ "Use resistance training and sleep regularity to support hormonal balance.", "Adjust training load during symptomatic hormone disorders." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid unsupervised hormone-boosting products.", "Use prescribed hormone therapies only under endocrine or reproductive specialist guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 0.2, "normal_value": 12.6, "maximum_value": 25 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 0.2, "normal_value": 12.6, "maximum_value": 25 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 0.2, "normal_value": 12.6, "maximum_value": 25 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 0.2, "normal_value": 12.6, "maximum_value": 25 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A1uPKIHS4Cs" }, { "id": "prolactin", "display_name": "Prolactin", "aliases": [ "PRL" ], "category": "Hormone", "unit": "ng/mL", "description": "Prolactin measures pituitary hormone for lactation and more.", "why_important": "A high prolactin may cause menstrual changes or milk production and can come from pituitary issues or medications. A low prolactin is usually not a concern.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support hormone health with adequate protein, healthy fats, fiber, and micronutrients.", "Avoid extreme dieting or rapid weight changes unless medically supervised." ], "exercises": [ "Use resistance training and sleep regularity to support hormonal balance.", "Adjust training load during symptomatic hormone disorders." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid unsupervised hormone-boosting products.", "Use prescribed hormone therapies only under endocrine or reproductive specialist guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 10.0, "normal_value": 15.0, "maximum_value": 20 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 10.0, "normal_value": 15.0, "maximum_value": 20 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 10.0, "normal_value": 15.0, "maximum_value": 20 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 10.0, "normal_value": 15.0, "maximum_value": 20 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GE85xI4WoAc" }, { "id": "prothrombin_time", "display_name": "Prothrombin Time", "aliases": [ "PT" ], "category": "Coagulation", "unit": "seconds", "description": "Prothrombin Time measures time for the clotting cascade to form fibrin.", "why_important": "A prolonged PT means clotting takes longer and may relate to warfarin, liver disease, or clotting-factor deficiency. A shorter PT is usually not clinically flagged.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Maintain consistent vitamin K intake if on warfarin, rather than large day-to-day swings.", "Use a balanced diet unless anticoagulation counseling specifies otherwise." ], "exercises": [ "Stay active, but use contact-sport caution when bleeding risk is elevated.", "Seek urgent care for unexplained bruising, bleeding, or clot symptoms." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid starting aspirin, fish oil, or herbals that affect clotting without clinician review.", "Take anticoagulants exactly as prescribed and monitor INR/PT when required." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 11, "normal_value": 12.25, "maximum_value": 13.5 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 11, "normal_value": 12.25, "maximum_value": 13.5 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 11, "normal_value": 12.25, "maximum_value": 13.5 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 11, "normal_value": 12.25, "maximum_value": 13.5 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tY28cQSBy3g" }, { "id": "psa", "display_name": "PSA", "aliases": [ "Prostate Specific Antigen" ], "category": "Oncology", "unit": "ng/mL", "description": "PSA measures prostate-specific protein used in screening.", "why_important": "A high PSA may come from prostate enlargement, infection, recent procedures, or less commonly cancer. A low PSA is expected and does not rule out all prostate conditions.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Follow a balanced, nutrient-dense diet unless oncology care provides specific restrictions.", "Limit charred processed meats and excess alcohol when discussing cancer screening markers." ], "exercises": [ "Stay physically active within the limits of prostate or oncology follow-up plans.", "Report new urinary, bone, or systemic symptoms promptly." ], "supplements": [ "Do not use high-dose supplements to try to normalize screening markers without specialist input.", "Discuss PSA changes with a clinician rather than self-interpreting a single value." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 2.0, "normal_value": 3.0, "maximum_value": 4.0 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 2.0, "normal_value": 3.0, "maximum_value": 4.0 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 2.0, "normal_value": 3.0, "maximum_value": 4.0 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 2.0, "normal_value": 3.0, "maximum_value": 4.0 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bTgS0DuhaUU" }, { "id": "pth", "display_name": "Parathyroid Hormone", "aliases": [ "PTH", "Intact PTH", "Parathyroid Hormone" ], "category": "Hormone", "unit": "pg/mL", "description": "Parathyroid Hormone measures hormone that regulates blood calcium.", "why_important": "A high PTH may drive calcium up in primary hyperparathyroidism or rise appropriately when calcium is low, phosphate is shifted, or vitamin D is low. A low PTH may appear after parathyroid surgery or with high calcium from other causes.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support hormone health with adequate protein, healthy fats, fiber, and micronutrients.", "Avoid extreme dieting or rapid weight changes unless medically supervised." ], "exercises": [ "Use resistance training and sleep regularity to support hormonal balance.", "Adjust training load during symptomatic hormone disorders." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid unsupervised hormone-boosting products.", "Use prescribed hormone therapies only under endocrine or reproductive specialist guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 15, "normal_value": 40.0, "maximum_value": 65 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 15, "normal_value": 40.0, "maximum_value": 65 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 15, "normal_value": 40.0, "maximum_value": 65 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 15, "normal_value": 40.0, "maximum_value": 65 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y64aXKCkHk4" }, { "id": "rbc", "display_name": "Red Blood Cell Count", "aliases": [ "RBC", "Erythrocyte count", "Red cell count", "Erythrocytes", "Total RBC Count" ], "category": "CBC", "unit": "10^6/uL", "description": "Red Blood Cell Count measures number of oxygen-carrying red cells.", "why_important": "May reflect dehydration, smoking, or increased red-cell production. Often part of the anemia picture alongside low hemoglobin/hematocrit.", "sex_significance": { "level": "high", "summary": "Reference intervals for this marker can differ by sex after puberty.", "pipeline_guidance": "Prefer sex-specific lab ranges when available and include clinician context when sex is unknown." }, "sex_specific_statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "male": { "minimal_value": 3.8, "normal_value": 4.65, "maximum_value": 5.5 }, "female": { "minimal_value": 3.8, "normal_value": 4.65, "maximum_value": 5.5 }, "unknown": { "minimal_value": 3.8, "normal_value": 4.65, "maximum_value": 5.5 } }, "teenager": { "male": { "minimal_value": 4.3, "normal_value": 4.95, "maximum_value": 5.6 }, "female": { "minimal_value": 3.9, "normal_value": 4.5, "maximum_value": 5.1 }, "unknown": { "minimal_value": 3.9, "normal_value": 4.75, "maximum_value": 5.6 } }, "adult": { "male": { "minimal_value": 4.5, "normal_value": 5.35, "maximum_value": 6.2 }, "female": { "minimal_value": 4.0, "normal_value": 4.6, "maximum_value": 5.2 }, "unknown": { "minimal_value": 4.0, "normal_value": 5.1, "maximum_value": 6.2 } }, "elder": { "male": { "minimal_value": 4.5, "normal_value": 5.35, "maximum_value": 6.2 }, "female": { "minimal_value": 4.0, "normal_value": 4.6, "maximum_value": 5.2 }, "unknown": { "minimal_value": 4.0, "normal_value": 5.1, "maximum_value": 6.2 } } }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support healthy blood production with balanced protein, iron, B12, folate, and vitamin C from whole foods.", "Stay well hydrated unless a clinician advises fluid restriction." ], "exercises": [ "Use moderate activity as tolerated when blood counts are stable.", "Avoid intense training if anemia, infection, or bleeding symptoms are present until evaluated." ], "supplements": [ "Discuss iron, B12, or folate supplementation only when testing supports a deficiency.", "Do not start blood-building supplements without clinician guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 4.0, "normal_value": 5.1, "maximum_value": 6.2 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 4.0, "normal_value": 5.1, "maximum_value": 6.2 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 4.0, "normal_value": 5.1, "maximum_value": 6.2 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 4.0, "normal_value": 5.1, "maximum_value": 6.2 } }, "related_tests": [ "hemoglobin", "hct", "mcv" ], "source_ids": [ "medlineplus_rbc", "uiowa_cbc_reference" ], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ho_hsOrdBQQ" }, { "id": "rdw_cv", "display_name": "RDW", "aliases": [ "RDW-CV", "RDWCV", "RDW", "Red Cell Distribution Width" ], "category": "CBC", "unit": "%", "description": "RDW measures variation in red blood cell size.", "why_important": "A high RDW means red cells vary more in size; it often appears early in iron, B12, or folate deficiency. A low RDW is usually not clinically significant.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support healthy blood production with balanced protein, iron, B12, folate, and vitamin C from whole foods.", "Stay well hydrated unless a clinician advises fluid restriction." ], "exercises": [ "Use moderate activity as tolerated when blood counts are stable.", "Avoid intense training if anemia, infection, or bleeding symptoms are present until evaluated." ], "supplements": [ "Discuss iron, B12, or folate supplementation only when testing supports a deficiency.", "Do not start blood-building supplements without clinician guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 9.0, "normal_value": 11.75, "maximum_value": 14.5 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 9.0, "normal_value": 11.75, "maximum_value": 14.5 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 9.0, "normal_value": 11.75, "maximum_value": 14.5 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 9.0, "normal_value": 11.75, "maximum_value": 14.5 } }, "related_tests": [ "mcv", "hemoglobin", "rdw_sd" ], "source_ids": [ "uiowa_cbc_reference", "nih_ods_iron", "nih_ods_b12", "nih_ods_folate" ], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fdlLgdgywlU" }, { "id": "rdw_sd", "display_name": "Red Cell Distribution Width - SD", "aliases": [ "RDW-SD", "RDWSD" ], "category": "CBC red cell index", "unit": "fL", "description": "RDW-SD measures the width of the red-cell size distribution in femtoliters.", "why_important": "It complements RDW-CV and MCV by showing how varied red-cell sizes are.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "RDW-SD is generally not interpreted with separate male and female thresholds, but abnormal results should be considered with sex-aware red-cell markers.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use age-group statistics as fallback and defer to the lab reference range if it is sex-specific." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Follow the same red-cell nutrition pattern used for RDW-CV: iron, B12, folate, protein, and balanced calories.", "Correcting the cause of abnormal red-cell production is more important than targeting RDW-SD directly.", "Maintain hydration before routine blood draws unless instructed otherwise." ], "exercises": [ "Regular moderate activity is reasonable when symptoms allow.", "Avoid intense training until unexplained anemia, dizziness, or shortness of breath is reviewed." ], "supplements": [ "Supplement only for documented or likely deficiency.", "Discuss persistent abnormalities with a clinician, especially when hemoglobin or MCV is also abnormal." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 35.1, "normal_value": 40.7, "maximum_value": 46.3 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 35.1, "normal_value": 40.7, "maximum_value": 46.3 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 35.1, "normal_value": 40.7, "maximum_value": 46.3 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 35.1, "normal_value": 40.7, "maximum_value": 46.3 } }, "related_tests": [ "mcv", "rdw_cv", "hemoglobin" ], "source_ids": [ "uiowa_cbc_reference" ], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fdlLgdgywlU" }, { "id": "reticulocyte_count", "display_name": "Reticulocyte Count", "aliases": [ "Retic Count", "Retics" ], "category": "CBC", "unit": "%", "description": "Reticulocyte Count measures young red cells recently released from bone marrow.", "why_important": "A high reticulocyte count means the marrow is making extra red cells, often after blood loss or hemolysis. A low reticulocyte count in anemia suggests the marrow is not keeping up with red-cell need.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support healthy blood production with balanced protein, iron, B12, folate, and vitamin C from whole foods.", "Stay well hydrated unless a clinician advises fluid restriction." ], "exercises": [ "Use moderate activity as tolerated when blood counts are stable.", "Avoid intense training if anemia, infection, or bleeding symptoms are present until evaluated." ], "supplements": [ "Discuss iron, B12, or folate supplementation only when testing supports a deficiency.", "Do not start blood-building supplements without clinician guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 0.5, "normal_value": 1.5, "maximum_value": 2.5 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 0.5, "normal_value": 1.5, "maximum_value": 2.5 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 0.5, "normal_value": 1.5, "maximum_value": 2.5 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 0.5, "normal_value": 1.5, "maximum_value": 2.5 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vfw2rPn_SuM" }, { "id": "rheumatoid_factor", "display_name": "Rheumatoid Factor", "aliases": [ "RF" ], "category": "Inflammation", "unit": "IU/mL", "description": "Rheumatoid Factor measures antibody sometimes seen in autoimmune arthritis.", "why_important": "A positive rheumatoid factor may appear in rheumatoid arthritis and other conditions. A negative rheumatoid factor does not rule out arthritis.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Use an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern rich in vegetables, fruit, legumes, and omega-3 sources.", "Limit excess alcohol and ultra-processed foods when inflammation markers are high." ], "exercises": [ "Use regular moderate exercise, which can lower chronic inflammation over time.", "Rest during acute infection or inflammatory flares as advised by a clinician." ], "supplements": [ "Treat the underlying cause rather than relying on generic anti-inflammatory supplements.", "Discuss persistent abnormal inflammatory markers with a clinician." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 7.0, "normal_value": 10.5, "maximum_value": 14 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 7.0, "normal_value": 10.5, "maximum_value": 14 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 7.0, "normal_value": 10.5, "maximum_value": 14 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 7.0, "normal_value": 10.5, "maximum_value": 14 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EB5zxdAQGzU" }, { "id": "selenium", "display_name": "Selenium", "aliases": [ "Se" ], "category": "Vitamin", "unit": "mcg/L", "description": "Selenium measures trace mineral used in antioxidant and thyroid-related enzymes.", "why_important": "A high selenium level is usually related to excess supplementation and can be toxic. A low selenium level may reflect poor intake, malabsorption, or severe illness.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Correct deficiencies first with food sources such as fortified grains, dairy, eggs, fish, legumes, and leafy greens.", "Pair nutrient-dense meals with safe sun exposure for vitamin D when appropriate." ], "exercises": [ "Use weight-bearing and muscle-strengthening activity to support bone and metabolic health.", "Adjust activity if deficiency symptoms such as fatigue or neuropathy are present." ], "supplements": [ "Supplement only after testing confirms deficiency or insufficiency.", "Use clinician-guided dosing, especially for iron, vitamin A, and fat-soluble vitamins." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 70, "normal_value": 110.0, "maximum_value": 150 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 70, "normal_value": 110.0, "maximum_value": 150 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 70, "normal_value": 110.0, "maximum_value": 150 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 70, "normal_value": 110.0, "maximum_value": 150 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSeV79orP6I" }, { "id": "serum_iron", "display_name": "Serum Iron", "aliases": [ "Iron", "Fe", "Iron, Serum" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "mcg/dL", "description": "Serum Iron measures circulating iron available for red-cell production.", "why_important": "A high serum iron may reflect supplements, hemochromatosis, or recent infusion. A low serum iron often accompanies iron-deficiency anemia but varies with recent meals and inflammation.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 60, "normal_value": 115.0, "maximum_value": 170 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 60, "normal_value": 115.0, "maximum_value": 170 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 60, "normal_value": 115.0, "maximum_value": 170 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 60, "normal_value": 115.0, "maximum_value": 170 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KnKTgmAu0Pc" }, { "id": "shbg", "display_name": "SHBG", "aliases": [ "Sex Hormone Binding Globulin" ], "category": "Hormone", "unit": "nmol/L", "description": "SHBG measures protein that binds sex hormones in the blood.", "why_important": "A high SHBG binds more testosterone and estrogen, lowering their free fractions. A low SHBG is linked to insulin resistance and higher free androgen activity.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support hormone health with adequate protein, healthy fats, fiber, and micronutrients.", "Avoid extreme dieting or rapid weight changes unless medically supervised." ], "exercises": [ "Use resistance training and sleep regularity to support hormonal balance.", "Adjust training load during symptomatic hormone disorders." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid unsupervised hormone-boosting products.", "Use prescribed hormone therapies only under endocrine or reproductive specialist guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 10, "normal_value": 45.0, "maximum_value": 80 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 10, "normal_value": 45.0, "maximum_value": 80 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 10, "normal_value": 45.0, "maximum_value": 80 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 10, "normal_value": 45.0, "maximum_value": 80 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MBhQR-WzqUg" }, { "id": "sodium", "display_name": "Sodium", "aliases": [ "Na", "Na+" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "mmol/L", "description": "Sodium measures key electrolyte for fluid balance.", "why_important": "High sodium usually reflects dehydration or fluid balance, not dietary salt alone. Low sodium is one of the most common electrolyte abnormalities and relates to fluid balance, medications, or hormones.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 135, "normal_value": 140.0, "maximum_value": 145 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 135, "normal_value": 140.0, "maximum_value": 145 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 135, "normal_value": 140.0, "maximum_value": 145 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 135, "normal_value": 140.0, "maximum_value": 145 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qzct2Qmjo8c" }, { "id": "testosterone", "display_name": "Testosterone", "aliases": [ "Total Testosterone" ], "category": "Hormone", "unit": "ng/dL", "description": "Testosterone measures androgen sex hormone.", "why_important": "A high testosterone may relate to supplements, tumors, or polycystic ovary syndrome in women. A low testosterone may cause fatigue, low libido, or muscle loss in men.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support hormone health with adequate protein, healthy fats, fiber, and micronutrients.", "Avoid extreme dieting or rapid weight changes unless medically supervised." ], "exercises": [ "Use resistance training and sleep regularity to support hormonal balance.", "Adjust training load during symptomatic hormone disorders." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid unsupervised hormone-boosting products.", "Use prescribed hormone therapies only under endocrine or reproductive specialist guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 300, "normal_value": 650.0, "maximum_value": 1000 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 300, "normal_value": 650.0, "maximum_value": 1000 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 300, "normal_value": 650.0, "maximum_value": 1000 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 300, "normal_value": 650.0, "maximum_value": 1000 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MBhQR-WzqUg" }, { "id": "thyroglobulin_antibodies", "display_name": "Thyroglobulin Antibodies", "aliases": [ "TgAb", "Anti-Thyroglobulin Antibodies" ], "category": "Thyroid", "unit": "IU/mL", "description": "Thyroglobulin Antibodies measures antibodies against thyroglobulin.", "why_important": "A high thyroglobulin antibody result may support autoimmune thyroid disease and can interfere with thyroglobulin monitoring. A low result is expected when these antibodies are absent.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Ensure adequate iodine and selenium from a balanced diet unless a clinician advises otherwise.", "Keep a stable diet around thyroid testing when possible." ], "exercises": [ "Match activity to thyroid symptoms such as fatigue, palpitations, or heat intolerance.", "Build up gradually after thyroid treatment changes." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid starting high-dose iodine or thyroid-support supplements without medical supervision.", "Take prescribed thyroid medication consistently and separately from interfering foods or supplements." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 2.0, "normal_value": 3.0, "maximum_value": 4 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 2.0, "normal_value": 3.0, "maximum_value": 4 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 2.0, "normal_value": 3.0, "maximum_value": 4 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 2.0, "normal_value": 3.0, "maximum_value": 4 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6LzDINcqDM" }, { "id": "tibc", "display_name": "TIBC", "aliases": [ "Total Iron Binding Capacity", "Iron Binding Capacity" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "mcg/dL", "description": "TIBC measures blood's capacity to bind and transport iron.", "why_important": "A high TIBC often means the body is trying to bind more iron during iron deficiency. A low TIBC may appear with inflammation or iron overload.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 250, "normal_value": 350.0, "maximum_value": 450 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 250, "normal_value": 350.0, "maximum_value": 450 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 250, "normal_value": 350.0, "maximum_value": 450 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 250, "normal_value": 350.0, "maximum_value": 450 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YczPj71BFPY" }, { "id": "total_bilirubin", "display_name": "Total Bilirubin", "aliases": [ "Bilirubin, Total", "TBIL" ], "category": "Liver", "unit": "mg/dL", "description": "Total Bilirubin measures pigment from red-cell breakdown.", "why_important": "A mildly high bilirubin is often benign (e.g. Gilbert's syndrome) but can relate to the liver or red-cell breakdown. A low bilirubin is not a concern.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Limit alcohol and avoid unnecessary hepatotoxic exposures when liver enzymes are abnormal.", "Choose balanced meals with vegetables, fiber, and moderate healthy fats." ], "exercises": [ "Stay active within symptom limits; avoid heavy alcohol-related training recovery patterns.", "Seek medical review before intense exercise if jaundice or severe abdominal pain is present." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid unverified liver detox products.", "Discuss medication, herb, and supplement use because many affect liver tests." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 0.1, "normal_value": 0.65, "maximum_value": 1.2 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 0.1, "normal_value": 0.65, "maximum_value": 1.2 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 0.1, "normal_value": 0.65, "maximum_value": 1.2 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 0.1, "normal_value": 0.65, "maximum_value": 1.2 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aew1gWVLYNU" }, { "id": "total_cholesterol", "display_name": "Total Cholesterol", "aliases": [ "Cholesterol, Total", "TC" ], "category": "Lipid", "unit": "mg/dL", "description": "Total Cholesterol measures total cholesterol in the blood.", "why_important": "A high total cholesterol contributes to cardiovascular risk and is best read alongside LDL, HDL, and your overall risk. A low total cholesterol is generally not a concern.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Emphasize fiber-rich plants, fish, legumes, nuts, and unsaturated fats.", "Reduce trans fats, excess saturated fat, and refined carbohydrates when triglycerides or LDL are high." ], "exercises": [ "Use regular aerobic and resistance exercise to support lipid and cardiovascular health.", "Maintain consistency rather than extreme short-term training bursts." ], "supplements": [ "Discuss statins, fibrates, omega-3 prescriptions, or other lipid therapies with a clinician.", "Do not rely on unproven supplement cocktails for cholesterol management." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 100.0, "normal_value": 150.0, "maximum_value": 200 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 100.0, "normal_value": 150.0, "maximum_value": 200 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 100.0, "normal_value": 150.0, "maximum_value": 200 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 100.0, "normal_value": 150.0, "maximum_value": 200 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_SGyJU9BL6o" }, { "id": "total_protein", "display_name": "Total Protein", "aliases": [ "TP", "Protein, Total" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "g/dL", "description": "Total Protein measures total of all blood proteins.", "why_important": "May reflect dehydration or increased production of certain proteins. May reflect nutrition, liver, or kidney factors.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 6.0, "normal_value": 7.15, "maximum_value": 8.3 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 6.0, "normal_value": 7.15, "maximum_value": 8.3 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 6.0, "normal_value": 7.15, "maximum_value": 8.3 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 6.0, "normal_value": 7.15, "maximum_value": 8.3 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V-yepa6wLT4" }, { "id": "total_t3", "display_name": "Total T3", "aliases": [ "T3", "Triiodothyronine" ], "category": "Thyroid", "unit": "ng/dL", "description": "Total T3 measures total triiodothyronine including bound and free.", "why_important": "A high Total T3 may reflect hyperthyroidism. A low Total T3 may appear in hypothyroidism or non-thyroidal illness.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Ensure adequate iodine and selenium from a balanced diet unless a clinician advises otherwise.", "Keep a stable diet around thyroid testing when possible." ], "exercises": [ "Match activity to thyroid symptoms such as fatigue, palpitations, or heat intolerance.", "Build up gradually after thyroid treatment changes." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid starting high-dose iodine or thyroid-support supplements without medical supervision.", "Take prescribed thyroid medication consistently and separately from interfering foods or supplements." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 80, "normal_value": 140.0, "maximum_value": 200 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 80, "normal_value": 140.0, "maximum_value": 200 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 80, "normal_value": 140.0, "maximum_value": 200 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 80, "normal_value": 140.0, "maximum_value": 200 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVth4eAKlY8" }, { "id": "total_t4", "display_name": "Total T4", "aliases": [ "T4", "Thyroxine" ], "category": "Thyroid", "unit": "mcg/dL", "description": "Total T4 measures total thyroxine including bound and free.", "why_important": "A high Total T4 may reflect hyperthyroidism or high thyroid-binding proteins. A low Total T4 may reflect hypothyroidism or binding-protein changes.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Ensure adequate iodine and selenium from a balanced diet unless a clinician advises otherwise.", "Keep a stable diet around thyroid testing when possible." ], "exercises": [ "Match activity to thyroid symptoms such as fatigue, palpitations, or heat intolerance.", "Build up gradually after thyroid treatment changes." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid starting high-dose iodine or thyroid-support supplements without medical supervision.", "Take prescribed thyroid medication consistently and separately from interfering foods or supplements." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 4.5, "normal_value": 8.25, "maximum_value": 12.0 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 4.5, "normal_value": 8.25, "maximum_value": 12.0 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 4.5, "normal_value": 8.25, "maximum_value": 12.0 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 4.5, "normal_value": 8.25, "maximum_value": 12.0 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0QrcY2IV7No" }, { "id": "transferrin", "display_name": "Transferrin", "aliases": [ "TRF" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "mg/dL", "description": "Transferrin measures main blood protein that transports iron.", "why_important": "A high transferrin often appears when the body is trying to transport more iron during iron deficiency. A low transferrin may appear with inflammation, liver disease, malnutrition, or iron overload.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 200, "normal_value": 280.0, "maximum_value": 360 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 200, "normal_value": 280.0, "maximum_value": 360 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 200, "normal_value": 280.0, "maximum_value": 360 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 200, "normal_value": 280.0, "maximum_value": 360 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j9mR9luWBQY" }, { "id": "transferrin_saturation", "display_name": "Transferrin Saturation", "aliases": [ "TSAT", "Iron Saturation" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "%", "description": "Transferrin Saturation measures percent of iron-binding sites occupied.", "why_important": "A high saturation may suggest iron overload or excess intake. A low saturation is common in iron deficiency.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 20, "normal_value": 35.0, "maximum_value": 50 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 20, "normal_value": 35.0, "maximum_value": 50 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 20, "normal_value": 35.0, "maximum_value": 50 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 20, "normal_value": 35.0, "maximum_value": 50 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ziD0NbFjkM" }, { "id": "triglycerides", "display_name": "Triglycerides", "aliases": [ "TG", "Trig" ], "category": "Lipid", "unit": "mg/dL", "description": "Triglycerides measures fat circulating in the blood.", "why_important": "High triglycerides relate to diet, alcohol, weight, and blood-sugar control, and add to cardiovascular risk. A low triglyceride level is generally not a concern.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Emphasize fiber-rich plants, fish, legumes, nuts, and unsaturated fats.", "Reduce trans fats, excess saturated fat, and refined carbohydrates when triglycerides or LDL are high." ], "exercises": [ "Use regular aerobic and resistance exercise to support lipid and cardiovascular health.", "Maintain consistency rather than extreme short-term training bursts." ], "supplements": [ "Discuss statins, fibrates, omega-3 prescriptions, or other lipid therapies with a clinician.", "Do not rely on unproven supplement cocktails for cholesterol management." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 75.0, "normal_value": 112.5, "maximum_value": 150 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 75.0, "normal_value": 112.5, "maximum_value": 150 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 75.0, "normal_value": 112.5, "maximum_value": 150 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 75.0, "normal_value": 112.5, "maximum_value": 150 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rOiLRsWhwsQ" }, { "id": "troponin_i", "display_name": "Troponin I", "aliases": [ "TnI", "High-Sensitivity Troponin I" ], "category": "Cardiac", "unit": "ng/mL", "description": "Troponin I measures heart-muscle protein released with injury.", "why_important": "A high troponin indicates heart-muscle injury and needs urgent clinical evaluation. A low troponin is expected when there is no heart injury.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Follow a heart-healthy diet low in excess sodium and harmful fats when cardiac markers are abnormal.", "Limit alcohol and manage blood pressure, glucose, and lipids together." ], "exercises": [ "Use clinician-approved cardiac rehabilitation or gradual aerobic training when safe.", "Seek emergency care for chest pain, severe shortness of breath, or syncope." ], "supplements": [ "Do not self-treat suspected heart injury with supplements.", "Take prescribed cardiac medications consistently and review interactions." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 0.02, "normal_value": 0.03, "maximum_value": 0.04 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 0.02, "normal_value": 0.03, "maximum_value": 0.04 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 0.02, "normal_value": 0.03, "maximum_value": 0.04 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 0.02, "normal_value": 0.03, "maximum_value": 0.04 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=udVccTOnmrM" }, { "id": "tsh", "display_name": "TSH", "aliases": [ "Thyroid Stimulating Hormone" ], "category": "Thyroid", "unit": "mIU/L", "description": "TSH measures pituitary signal that controls the thyroid.", "why_important": "A high TSH usually signals an underactive thyroid (the body asking for more hormone). A low TSH usually signals an overactive thyroid.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Ensure adequate iodine and selenium from a balanced diet unless a clinician advises otherwise.", "Keep a stable diet around thyroid testing when possible." ], "exercises": [ "Match activity to thyroid symptoms such as fatigue, palpitations, or heat intolerance.", "Build up gradually after thyroid treatment changes." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid starting high-dose iodine or thyroid-support supplements without medical supervision.", "Take prescribed thyroid medication consistently and separately from interfering foods or supplements." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 0.4, "normal_value": 2.2, "maximum_value": 4.0 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 0.4, "normal_value": 2.2, "maximum_value": 4.0 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 0.4, "normal_value": 2.2, "maximum_value": 4.0 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 0.4, "normal_value": 2.2, "maximum_value": 4.0 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Udaqw1gtKvc" }, { "id": "tsh_receptor_antibodies", "display_name": "TSH Receptor Antibodies", "aliases": [ "TRAb", "TSH-R Ab" ], "category": "Thyroid", "unit": "IU/L", "description": "TSH Receptor Antibodies measures antibodies that can stimulate or block the TSH receptor.", "why_important": "A high TSH receptor antibody result supports autoimmune Graves-type thyroid stimulation in the right thyroid pattern. A low result makes TSH-receptor antibody activity less likely.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Ensure adequate iodine and selenium from a balanced diet unless a clinician advises otherwise.", "Keep a stable diet around thyroid testing when possible." ], "exercises": [ "Match activity to thyroid symptoms such as fatigue, palpitations, or heat intolerance.", "Build up gradually after thyroid treatment changes." ], "supplements": [ "Avoid starting high-dose iodine or thyroid-support supplements without medical supervision.", "Take prescribed thyroid medication consistently and separately from interfering foods or supplements." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 0.875, "normal_value": 1.31, "maximum_value": 1.75 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 0.875, "normal_value": 1.31, "maximum_value": 1.75 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 0.875, "normal_value": 1.31, "maximum_value": 1.75 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 0.875, "normal_value": 1.31, "maximum_value": 1.75 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKIhKsljksk" }, { "id": "uric_acid", "display_name": "Uric Acid", "aliases": [ "UA", "Urate" ], "category": "Metabolic", "unit": "mg/dL", "description": "Uric Acid measures breakdown product of purines; linked to gout.", "why_important": "A high uric acid is associated with gout and kidney stones and may rise with diet, alcohol, or kidney disease. A low uric acid is usually not a concern.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Favor minimally processed meals with vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and healthy fats.", "Limit excess added sugar, alcohol, and high-sodium ultra-processed foods when relevant to the marker." ], "exercises": [ "Aim for regular aerobic activity and resistance training if cleared by a clinician.", "Match hydration and recovery to kidney, glucose, or electrolyte concerns." ], "supplements": [ "Use electrolyte, vitamin, or mineral supplements only when labs or diet indicate a need.", "Review medications and supplements with a clinician because they can shift metabolic markers." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 3.5, "normal_value": 5.35, "maximum_value": 7.2 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 3.5, "normal_value": 5.35, "maximum_value": 7.2 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 3.5, "normal_value": 5.35, "maximum_value": 7.2 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 3.5, "normal_value": 5.35, "maximum_value": 7.2 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bznoU5bke4U" }, { "id": "vitamin_a", "display_name": "Vitamin A", "aliases": [ "Retinol" ], "category": "Vitamin", "unit": "mcg/dL", "description": "Vitamin A measures fat-soluble vitamin for vision and immunity.", "why_important": "A very high vitamin A is usually from supplements and can be toxic. A low vitamin A may affect vision and immunity and relates to diet or malabsorption.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Correct deficiencies first with food sources such as fortified grains, dairy, eggs, fish, legumes, and leafy greens.", "Pair nutrient-dense meals with safe sun exposure for vitamin D when appropriate." ], "exercises": [ "Use weight-bearing and muscle-strengthening activity to support bone and metabolic health.", "Adjust activity if deficiency symptoms such as fatigue or neuropathy are present." ], "supplements": [ "Supplement only after testing confirms deficiency or insufficiency.", "Use clinician-guided dosing, especially for iron, vitamin A, and fat-soluble vitamins." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 30, "normal_value": 47.5, "maximum_value": 65 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 30, "normal_value": 47.5, "maximum_value": 65 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 30, "normal_value": 47.5, "maximum_value": 65 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 30, "normal_value": 47.5, "maximum_value": 65 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QcsiBH_j2MA" }, { "id": "vitamin_b12", "display_name": "Vitamin B12", "aliases": [ "B12", "Cobalamin" ], "category": "Vitamin", "unit": "pg/mL", "description": "Vitamin B12 measures vitamin for nerves and red-cell production.", "why_important": "A high B12 is usually from supplements and rarely a concern on its own. Low B12 can cause fatigue, nerve symptoms, and large red cells (high MCV); diet and absorption matter.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Correct deficiencies first with food sources such as fortified grains, dairy, eggs, fish, legumes, and leafy greens.", "Pair nutrient-dense meals with safe sun exposure for vitamin D when appropriate." ], "exercises": [ "Use weight-bearing and muscle-strengthening activity to support bone and metabolic health.", "Adjust activity if deficiency symptoms such as fatigue or neuropathy are present." ], "supplements": [ "Supplement only after testing confirms deficiency or insufficiency.", "Use clinician-guided dosing, especially for iron, vitamin A, and fat-soluble vitamins." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 200, "normal_value": 550.0, "maximum_value": 900 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 200, "normal_value": 550.0, "maximum_value": 900 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 200, "normal_value": 550.0, "maximum_value": 900 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 200, "normal_value": 550.0, "maximum_value": 900 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CUh5Flt4n1k" }, { "id": "vitamin_d", "display_name": "Vitamin D", "aliases": [ "25-OH Vitamin D", "25-Hydroxyvitamin D", "Vit D", "25 OH Vit D", "25 Hydroxyvitamin D" ], "category": "Vitamin", "unit": "ng/mL", "description": "Vitamin D measures vitamin for bone and immune health.", "why_important": "A very high vitamin D is uncommon and usually from supplements. Low vitamin D is common and relates to bone and immune health; sunlight and diet/supplements affect it.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Correct deficiencies first with food sources such as fortified grains, dairy, eggs, fish, legumes, and leafy greens.", "Pair nutrient-dense meals with safe sun exposure for vitamin D when appropriate." ], "exercises": [ "Use weight-bearing and muscle-strengthening activity to support bone and metabolic health.", "Adjust activity if deficiency symptoms such as fatigue or neuropathy are present." ], "supplements": [ "Supplement only after testing confirms deficiency or insufficiency.", "Use clinician-guided dosing, especially for iron, vitamin A, and fat-soluble vitamins." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 30, "normal_value": 65.0, "maximum_value": 100 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 30, "normal_value": 65.0, "maximum_value": 100 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 30, "normal_value": 65.0, "maximum_value": 100 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 30, "normal_value": 65.0, "maximum_value": 100 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YEnxruA-bsk" }, { "id": "vitamin_e", "display_name": "Vitamin E", "aliases": [ "Alpha-Tocopherol", "Tocopherol" ], "category": "Vitamin", "unit": "mg/L", "description": "Vitamin E measures fat-soluble antioxidant vitamin.", "why_important": "A high vitamin E level is usually supplement-related and may affect bleeding risk at high intakes. A low vitamin E level may occur with fat malabsorption and can affect nerves and red cells.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Correct deficiencies first with food sources such as fortified grains, dairy, eggs, fish, legumes, and leafy greens.", "Pair nutrient-dense meals with safe sun exposure for vitamin D when appropriate." ], "exercises": [ "Use weight-bearing and muscle-strengthening activity to support bone and metabolic health.", "Adjust activity if deficiency symptoms such as fatigue or neuropathy are present." ], "supplements": [ "Supplement only after testing confirms deficiency or insufficiency.", "Use clinician-guided dosing, especially for iron, vitamin A, and fat-soluble vitamins." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 5.5, "normal_value": 11.25, "maximum_value": 17 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 5.5, "normal_value": 11.25, "maximum_value": 17 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 5.5, "normal_value": 11.25, "maximum_value": 17 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 5.5, "normal_value": 11.25, "maximum_value": 17 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QcsiBH_j2MA" }, { "id": "wbc", "display_name": "White Blood Cell Count", "aliases": [ "WBC", "Leukocyte count", "White cell count", "Leukocytes", "WBC Count", "TLC", "Total Leucocyte Count", "Total WBC Count" ], "category": "CBC", "unit": "10^3/uL", "description": "White Blood Cell Count measures immune cells that fight infection.", "why_important": "A high white count commonly accompanies infection or inflammation, physical stress, or certain medications; rarely it reflects a blood disorder. A low white count can follow viral infections, some medications, or affect the immune system's ability to fight infection.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Support healthy blood production with balanced protein, iron, B12, folate, and vitamin C from whole foods.", "Stay well hydrated unless a clinician advises fluid restriction." ], "exercises": [ "Use moderate activity as tolerated when blood counts are stable.", "Avoid intense training if anemia, infection, or bleeding symptoms are present until evaluated." ], "supplements": [ "Discuss iron, B12, or folate supplementation only when testing supports a deficiency.", "Do not start blood-building supplements without clinician guidance." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 3.7, "normal_value": 7.1, "maximum_value": 10.5 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 3.7, "normal_value": 7.1, "maximum_value": 10.5 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 3.7, "normal_value": 7.1, "maximum_value": 10.5 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 3.7, "normal_value": 7.1, "maximum_value": 10.5 } }, "related_tests": [ "neu_percent", "lym_percent", "mon_percent", "eos_percent", "bas_percent", "lym_absolute", "gra_absolute" ], "source_ids": [ "medlineplus_cbc", "medlineplus_differential", "uiowa_cbc_reference", "uiowa_pediatric_reference" ], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUAVvLkcN0M" }, { "id": "zinc", "display_name": "Zinc", "aliases": [ "Zn" ], "category": "Vitamin", "unit": "mcg/dL", "description": "Zinc measures trace mineral involved in immunity and wound healing.", "why_important": "A high zinc level is uncommon and may reflect excess supplementation. A low zinc level may relate to poor intake, malabsorption, inflammation, or increased losses.", "sex_significance": { "level": "low", "summary": "This marker is usually interpreted with age and lab method rather than sex-specific reference intervals.", "pipeline_guidance": "Use the age-group interval unless the lab report provides a sex-specific range." }, "instructions_to_improve": { "food": [ "Correct deficiencies first with food sources such as fortified grains, dairy, eggs, fish, legumes, and leafy greens.", "Pair nutrient-dense meals with safe sun exposure for vitamin D when appropriate." ], "exercises": [ "Use weight-bearing and muscle-strengthening activity to support bone and metabolic health.", "Adjust activity if deficiency symptoms such as fatigue or neuropathy are present." ], "supplements": [ "Supplement only after testing confirms deficiency or insufficiency.", "Use clinician-guided dosing, especially for iron, vitamin A, and fat-soluble vitamins." ] }, "statistics_per_group_age": { "child": { "minimal_value": 60, "normal_value": 95.0, "maximum_value": 130 }, "teenager": { "minimal_value": 60, "normal_value": 95.0, "maximum_value": 130 }, "adult": { "minimal_value": 60, "normal_value": 95.0, "maximum_value": 130 }, "elder": { "minimal_value": 60, "normal_value": 95.0, "maximum_value": 130 } }, "related_tests": [], "source_ids": [], "video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSeV79orP6I" } ], "video_url_policy": "Curated educational YouTube links per lab marker. Closest-topic fallbacks are noted in notes.", "default_video_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbW90cAlihk", "video_catalog_path": "kb/marker_videos.json", "video_notes": { "alpha_fetoprotein": "Tumor-marker overview covers AFP with other markers.", "androstenedione": "PCOS lab overview includes androgen-marker context.", "anti_ccp_antibodies": "Rheumatoid arthritis overview; anti-CCP is correlated through RA evaluation.", "anti_mullerian_hormone": "Fertility hormone-testing overview includes AMH and ovarian-reserve timing.", "ast": "AST/ALT lab-values video covers AST directly alongside ALT.", "band_neutrophils_percent": "Direct video on segmented versus band neutrophils.", "beta_hcg": "Reproductive-cycle overview is a broad pregnancy/reproductive hormone context; beta-hCG is not the primary topic.", "beta_hydroxybutyrate": "Diabetes/DKA overview covers ketone production; beta-hydroxybutyrate is not the only focus.", "ca_125": "Tumor-marker overview covers CA-125 with other markers.", "ca_15_3": "Direct CA 15-3 blood-test video; marker is for monitoring context rather than diagnosis.", "cea": "Tumor-marker overview covers CEA with other markers.", "ceruloplasmin": "Trace-mineral/copper overview; ceruloplasmin is linked to copper interpretation.", "coenzyme_q10": "CoQ10 overview; closest available educational video for the CoQ10 marker rather than a lab-result-only lecture.", "copper": "Trace-mineral lab overview covering copper among other minerals.", "free_t3": "Free T3/Free T4 video focuses on free thyroid hormones together.", "free_testosterone": "Direct free-versus-total testosterone video; marker interpretation still depends on sex, age, SHBG, and symptoms.", "fructosamine": "Diabetes overview; fructosamine is a shorter-term glycemic marker and is not the primary topic.", "gra_absolute": "WBC differential overview; granulocyte absolute combines neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.", "hct": "Hemoglobin/Hematocrit lab-values video covers hematocrit directly alongside hemoglobin.", "hdl_cholesterol": "HDL/LDL cholesterol video focuses on HDL in direct lipid-marker context.", "igfbp_3": "Direct IGFBP-3 blood-test video.", "immunoglobulin_m": "IgG/IgM antibody-testing video covers IgM directly alongside IgG.", "mcv": "Anemia interpretation video uses MCV directly; also discusses MCH context.", "mpv": "FBC/CBC guide covers platelets; MPV is not discussed in detail.", "myoglobin": "Cardiac biomarker overview covers myoglobin with troponin and CK-MB.", "nt_probnp": "Heart-failure overview; NT-proBNP is a heart-strain marker like BNP but not the primary title.", "procalcitonin": "Sepsis lecture focuses on lactate; PCT is not the primary topic.", "selenium": "Trace-mineral lab overview covering selenium among other minerals.", "serum_iron": "Iron blood-test video covers serum iron with related iron-panel markers.", "total_cholesterol": "Total cholesterol lab-values video also covers triglycerides, but total cholesterol is a primary topic.", "total_t4": "T3/T4 lab-values video covers total thyroid hormones together.", "tsh_receptor_antibodies": "Graves/hyperthyroidism overview; TRAb is discussed as thyroid autoimmunity context rather than as a standalone lab lecture.", "vitamin_e": "Fat-soluble vitamin overview covering vitamin E with vitamins A/D/K.", "zinc": "Trace-mineral lab overview covering zinc among other minerals." } }