app/utils/upload_image.py

import cloudinary.uploader  # type: ignore
from typing import Optional


def upload_image(
    buffer: bytes,
    folder: str,
    public_id: Optional[str] = None,
) -> dict:
    try:
        upload_options = {
            "folder": folder,
            "resource_type": "image",
            "overwrite": bool(public_id),
            "invalidate": bool(public_id),
        }

        if public_id:
            upload_options["public_id"] = public_id

        result = cloudinary.uploader.upload(
            file=buffer,
            **upload_options
        )

        return result

    except Exception as e:
        raise RuntimeError(f"Cloudinary upload failed: {str(e)}")