public/ffmpeg/libavdevice/decklink_enc.cpp

/*
 * Blackmagic DeckLink output
 * Copyright (c) 2013-2014 Ramiro Polla
 *
 * This file is part of FFmpeg.
 *
 * FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
 */

#include <atomic>
using std::atomic;

/* Include internal.h first to avoid conflict between winsock.h (used by
 * DeckLink headers) and winsock2.h (used by libavformat) in MSVC++ builds */
extern "C" {
#include "libavformat/internal.h"
}

#include <DeckLinkAPI.h>

extern "C" {
#include "libavformat/avformat.h"
#include "libavcodec/bytestream.h"
#include "libavutil/internal.h"
#include "libavutil/imgutils.h"
#include "avdevice.h"
}

#include "decklink_common.h"
#include "decklink_enc.h"
#if CONFIG_LIBKLVANC
#include "libklvanc/vanc.h"
#include "libklvanc/vanc-lines.h"
#include "libklvanc/pixels.h"
#endif

/* DeckLink callback class declaration */
class decklink_frame : public IDeckLinkVideoFrame
{
public:
    decklink_frame(struct decklink_ctx *ctx, AVFrame *avframe, AVCodecID codec_id, int height, int width) :
        _ctx(ctx), _avframe(avframe), _avpacket(NULL), _codec_id(codec_id), _ancillary(NULL), _height(height), _width(width),  _refs(1) { }
    decklink_frame(struct decklink_ctx *ctx, AVPacket *avpacket, AVCodecID codec_id, int height, int width) :
        _ctx(ctx), _avframe(NULL), _avpacket(avpacket), _codec_id(codec_id), _ancillary(NULL), _height(height), _width(width), _refs(1) { }
    virtual long           STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetWidth      (void)          { return _width; }
    virtual long           STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetHeight     (void)          { return _height; }
    virtual long           STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetRowBytes   (void)
    {
      if (_codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_WRAPPED_AVFRAME)
          return _avframe->linesize[0] < 0 ? -_avframe->linesize[0] : _avframe->linesize[0];
      else
          return ((GetWidth() + 47) / 48) * 128;
    }
    virtual BMDPixelFormat STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetPixelFormat(void)
    {
        if (_codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_WRAPPED_AVFRAME)
            return bmdFormat8BitYUV;
        else
            return bmdFormat10BitYUV;
    }
    virtual BMDFrameFlags  STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetFlags      (void)
    {
       if (_codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_WRAPPED_AVFRAME)
           return _avframe->linesize[0] < 0 ? bmdFrameFlagFlipVertical : bmdFrameFlagDefault;
       else
           return bmdFrameFlagDefault;
    }

    virtual HRESULT        STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetBytes      (void **buffer)
    {
        if (_codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_WRAPPED_AVFRAME) {
            if (_avframe->linesize[0] < 0)
                *buffer = (void *)(_avframe->data[0] + _avframe->linesize[0] * (_avframe->height - 1));
            else
                *buffer = (void *)(_avframe->data[0]);
        } else {
            *buffer = (void *)(_avpacket->data);
        }
        return S_OK;
    }

    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetTimecode     (BMDTimecodeFormat format, IDeckLinkTimecode **timecode) { return S_FALSE; }
    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetAncillaryData(IDeckLinkVideoFrameAncillary **ancillary)
    {
        *ancillary = _ancillary;
        if (_ancillary) {
            _ancillary->AddRef();
            return S_OK;
        } else {
            return S_FALSE;
        }
    }
    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetAncillaryData(IDeckLinkVideoFrameAncillary *ancillary)
    {
        if (_ancillary)
            _ancillary->Release();
        _ancillary = ancillary;
        _ancillary->AddRef();
        return S_OK;
    }
    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(REFIID iid, LPVOID *ppv) { return E_NOINTERFACE; }
    virtual ULONG   STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef(void)                            { return ++_refs; }
    virtual ULONG   STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release(void)
    {
        int ret = --_refs;
        if (!ret) {
            av_frame_free(&_avframe);
            av_packet_free(&_avpacket);
            if (_ancillary)
                _ancillary->Release();
            delete this;
        }
        return ret;
    }

    struct decklink_ctx *_ctx;
    AVFrame *_avframe;
    AVPacket *_avpacket;
    AVCodecID _codec_id;
    IDeckLinkVideoFrameAncillary *_ancillary;
    int _height;
    int _width;

private:
    std::atomic<int>  _refs;
};

class decklink_output_callback : public IDeckLinkVideoOutputCallback
{
public:
    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE ScheduledFrameCompleted(IDeckLinkVideoFrame *_frame, BMDOutputFrameCompletionResult result)
    {
        decklink_frame *frame = static_cast<decklink_frame *>(_frame);
        struct decklink_ctx *ctx = frame->_ctx;

        if (frame->_avframe)
            av_frame_unref(frame->_avframe);
        if (frame->_avpacket)
            av_packet_unref(frame->_avpacket);

        pthread_mutex_lock(&ctx->mutex);
        ctx->frames_buffer_available_spots++;
        pthread_cond_broadcast(&ctx->cond);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);

        return S_OK;
    }
    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE ScheduledPlaybackHasStopped(void)       { return S_OK; }
    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(REFIID iid, LPVOID *ppv) { return E_NOINTERFACE; }
    virtual ULONG   STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef(void)                            { return 1; }
    virtual ULONG   STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release(void)                           { return 1; }
};

static int decklink_setup_video(AVFormatContext *avctx, AVStream *st)
{
    struct decklink_cctx *cctx = (struct decklink_cctx *)avctx->priv_data;
    struct decklink_ctx *ctx = (struct decklink_ctx *)cctx->ctx;
    AVCodecParameters *c = st->codecpar;

    if (ctx->video) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Only one video stream is supported!\n");
        return -1;
    }

    if (c->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_WRAPPED_AVFRAME) {
        if (c->format != AV_PIX_FMT_UYVY422) {
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Unsupported pixel format!"
                   " Only AV_PIX_FMT_UYVY422 is supported.\n");
            return -1;
        }
        ctx->raw_format = bmdFormat8BitYUV;
    } else if (c->codec_id != AV_CODEC_ID_V210) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Unsupported codec type!"
               " Only V210 and wrapped frame with AV_PIX_FMT_UYVY422 are supported.\n");
        return -1;
    } else {
        ctx->raw_format = bmdFormat10BitYUV;
    }

    if (ff_decklink_set_configs(avctx, DIRECTION_OUT) < 0) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Could not set output configuration\n");
        return -1;
    }
    if (ff_decklink_set_format(avctx, c->width, c->height,
                            st->time_base.num, st->time_base.den, c->field_order)) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Unsupported video size, framerate or field order!"
               " Check available formats with -list_formats 1.\n");
        return -1;
    }
    if (ctx->supports_vanc && ctx->dlo->EnableVideoOutput(ctx->bmd_mode, bmdVideoOutputVANC) != S_OK) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Could not enable video output with VANC! Trying without...\n");
        ctx->supports_vanc = 0;
    }
    if (!ctx->supports_vanc && ctx->dlo->EnableVideoOutput(ctx->bmd_mode, bmdVideoOutputFlagDefault) != S_OK) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Could not enable video output!\n");
        return -1;
    }

    /* Set callback. */
    ctx->output_callback = new decklink_output_callback();
    ctx->dlo->SetScheduledFrameCompletionCallback(ctx->output_callback);

    ctx->frames_preroll = st->time_base.den * ctx->preroll;
    if (st->time_base.den > 1000)
        ctx->frames_preroll /= 1000;

    /* Buffer twice as many frames as the preroll. */
    ctx->frames_buffer = ctx->frames_preroll * 2;
    ctx->frames_buffer = FFMIN(ctx->frames_buffer, 60);
    pthread_mutex_init(&ctx->mutex, NULL);
    pthread_cond_init(&ctx->cond, NULL);
    ctx->frames_buffer_available_spots = ctx->frames_buffer;

    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "output: %s, preroll: %d, frames buffer size: %d\n",
           avctx->url, ctx->frames_preroll, ctx->frames_buffer);

    /* The device expects the framerate to be fixed. */
    avpriv_set_pts_info(st, 64, st->time_base.num, st->time_base.den);

    ctx->video = 1;

    return 0;
}

static int decklink_setup_audio(AVFormatContext *avctx, AVStream *st)
{
    struct decklink_cctx *cctx = (struct decklink_cctx *)avctx->priv_data;
    struct decklink_ctx *ctx = (struct decklink_ctx *)cctx->ctx;
    AVCodecParameters *c = st->codecpar;

    if (ctx->audio) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Only one audio stream is supported!\n");
        return -1;
    }

    if (c->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_AC3) {
        /* Regardless of the number of channels in the codec, we're only
           using 2 SDI audio channels at 48000Hz */
        ctx->channels = 2;
    } else if (c->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_PCM_S16LE) {
        if (c->sample_rate != 48000) {
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Unsupported sample rate!"
                   " Only 48kHz is supported.\n");
            return -1;
        }
        if (c->ch_layout.nb_channels != 2 && c->ch_layout.nb_channels != 8 && c->ch_layout.nb_channels != 16) {
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Unsupported number of channels!"
                   " Only 2, 8 or 16 channels are supported.\n");
            return -1;
        }
        ctx->channels = c->ch_layout.nb_channels;
    } else {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Unsupported codec specified!"
               " Only PCM_S16LE and AC-3 are supported.\n");
        return -1;
    }

    if (ctx->dlo->EnableAudioOutput(bmdAudioSampleRate48kHz,
                                    bmdAudioSampleType16bitInteger,
                                    ctx->channels,
                                    bmdAudioOutputStreamTimestamped) != S_OK) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Could not enable audio output!\n");
        return -1;
    }
    if (ctx->dlo->BeginAudioPreroll() != S_OK) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Could not begin audio preroll!\n");
        return -1;
    }

    /* The device expects the sample rate to be fixed. */
    avpriv_set_pts_info(st, 64, 1, 48000);

    ctx->audio = 1;

    return 0;
}

/* Wrap the AC-3 packet into an S337 payload that is in S16LE format which can be easily
   injected into the PCM stream.  Note: despite the function name, only AC-3 is implemented */
static int create_s337_payload(AVPacket *pkt, uint8_t **outbuf, int *outsize)
{
    /* Note: if the packet size is not divisible by four, we need to make the actual
       payload larger to ensure it ends on an two channel S16LE boundary */
    int payload_size = FFALIGN(pkt->size, 4) + 8;
    uint16_t bitcount = pkt->size * 8;
    uint8_t *s337_payload;
    PutByteContext pb;

    /* Sanity check:  According to SMPTE ST 340:2015 Sec 4.1, the AC-3 sync frame will
       exactly match the 1536 samples of baseband (PCM) audio that it represents.  */
    if (pkt->size > 1536)
        return AVERROR(EINVAL);

    /* Encapsulate AC3 syncframe into SMPTE 337 packet */
    s337_payload = (uint8_t *) av_malloc(payload_size);
    if (s337_payload == NULL)
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
    bytestream2_init_writer(&pb, s337_payload, payload_size);
    bytestream2_put_le16u(&pb, 0xf872); /* Sync word 1 */
    bytestream2_put_le16u(&pb, 0x4e1f); /* Sync word 1 */
    bytestream2_put_le16u(&pb, 0x0001); /* Burst Info, including data type (1=ac3) */
    bytestream2_put_le16u(&pb, bitcount); /* Length code */
    for (int i = 0; i < (pkt->size - 1); i += 2)
        bytestream2_put_le16u(&pb, (pkt->data[i] << 8) | pkt->data[i+1]);

    /* Ensure final payload is aligned on 4-byte boundary */
    if (pkt->size & 1)
        bytestream2_put_le16u(&pb, pkt->data[pkt->size - 1] << 8);
    if ((pkt->size & 3) == 1 || (pkt->size & 3) == 2)
        bytestream2_put_le16u(&pb, 0);

    *outsize = payload_size;
    *outbuf = s337_payload;
    return 0;
}

av_cold int ff_decklink_write_trailer(AVFormatContext *avctx)
{
    struct decklink_cctx *cctx = (struct decklink_cctx *)avctx->priv_data;
    struct decklink_ctx *ctx = (struct decklink_ctx *)cctx->ctx;

    if (ctx->playback_started) {
        BMDTimeValue actual;
        ctx->dlo->StopScheduledPlayback(ctx->last_pts * ctx->bmd_tb_num,
                                        &actual, ctx->bmd_tb_den);
        ctx->dlo->DisableVideoOutput();
        if (ctx->audio)
            ctx->dlo->DisableAudioOutput();
    }

    ff_decklink_cleanup(avctx);

    if (ctx->output_callback)
        delete ctx->output_callback;

    pthread_mutex_destroy(&ctx->mutex);
    pthread_cond_destroy(&ctx->cond);

#if CONFIG_LIBKLVANC
    klvanc_context_destroy(ctx->vanc_ctx);
#endif

    av_freep(&cctx->ctx);

    return 0;
}

#if CONFIG_LIBKLVANC
static void construct_cc(AVFormatContext *avctx, struct decklink_ctx *ctx,
                         AVPacket *pkt, struct klvanc_line_set_s *vanc_lines)
{
    struct klvanc_packet_eia_708b_s *cdp;
    uint16_t *cdp_words;
    uint16_t len;
    uint8_t cc_count;
    size_t size;
    int ret, i;

    const uint8_t *data = av_packet_get_side_data(pkt, AV_PKT_DATA_A53_CC, &size);
    if (!data)
        return;

    cc_count = size / 3;

    ret = klvanc_create_eia708_cdp(&cdp);
    if (ret)
        return;

    ret = klvanc_set_framerate_EIA_708B(cdp, ctx->bmd_tb_num, ctx->bmd_tb_den);
    if (ret) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Invalid framerate specified: %lld/%lld\n",
               ctx->bmd_tb_num, ctx->bmd_tb_den);
        klvanc_destroy_eia708_cdp(cdp);
        return;
    }

    if (cc_count > KLVANC_MAX_CC_COUNT) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Illegal cc_count received: %d\n", cc_count);
        cc_count = KLVANC_MAX_CC_COUNT;
    }

    /* CC data */
    cdp->header.ccdata_present = 1;
    cdp->header.caption_service_active = 1;
    cdp->ccdata.cc_count = cc_count;
    for (i = 0; i < cc_count; i++) {
        if (data [3*i] & 0x04)
            cdp->ccdata.cc[i].cc_valid = 1;
        cdp->ccdata.cc[i].cc_type = data[3*i] & 0x03;
        cdp->ccdata.cc[i].cc_data[0] = data[3*i+1];
        cdp->ccdata.cc[i].cc_data[1] = data[3*i+2];
    }

    klvanc_finalize_EIA_708B(cdp, ctx->cdp_sequence_num++);
    ret = klvanc_convert_EIA_708B_to_words(cdp, &cdp_words, &len);
    klvanc_destroy_eia708_cdp(cdp);
    if (ret != 0) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed converting 708 packet to words\n");
        return;
    }

    ret = klvanc_line_insert(ctx->vanc_ctx, vanc_lines, cdp_words, len, 11, 0);
    free(cdp_words);
    if (ret != 0) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "VANC line insertion failed\n");
        return;
    }
}

/* See SMPTE ST 2016-3:2009 */
static void construct_afd(AVFormatContext *avctx, struct decklink_ctx *ctx,
                          AVPacket *pkt, struct klvanc_line_set_s *vanc_lines,
                          AVStream *st)
{
    struct klvanc_packet_afd_s *afd = NULL;
    uint16_t *afd_words = NULL;
    uint16_t len;
    size_t size;
    int f1_line = 12, f2_line = 0, ret;

    const uint8_t *data = av_packet_get_side_data(pkt, AV_PKT_DATA_AFD, &size);
    if (!data || size == 0)
        return;

    ret = klvanc_create_AFD(&afd);
    if (ret)
        return;

    ret = klvanc_set_AFD_val(afd, data[0]);
    if (ret) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Invalid AFD value specified: %d\n",
               data[0]);
        klvanc_destroy_AFD(afd);
        return;
    }

    /* Compute the AR flag based on the DAR (see ST 2016-1:2009 Sec 9.1).  Note, we treat
       anything below 1.4 as 4:3 (as opposed to the standard 1.33), because there are lots
       of streams in the field that aren't *exactly* 4:3 but a tiny bit larger after doing
       the math... */
    if (av_cmp_q((AVRational) {st->codecpar->width * st->codecpar->sample_aspect_ratio.num,
                    st->codecpar->height * st->codecpar->sample_aspect_ratio.den}, (AVRational) {14, 10}) == 1)
        afd->aspectRatio = ASPECT_16x9;
    else
        afd->aspectRatio = ASPECT_4x3;

    ret = klvanc_convert_AFD_to_words(afd, &afd_words, &len);
    if (ret) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed converting AFD packet to words\n");
        goto out;
    }

    ret = klvanc_line_insert(ctx->vanc_ctx, vanc_lines, afd_words, len, f1_line, 0);
    if (ret) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "VANC line insertion failed\n");
        goto out;
    }

    /* For interlaced video, insert into both fields.  Switching lines for field 2
       derived from SMPTE RP 168:2009, Sec 6, Table 2. */
    switch (ctx->bmd_mode) {
    case bmdModeNTSC:
    case bmdModeNTSC2398:
        f2_line = 273 - 10 + f1_line;
        break;
    case bmdModePAL:
        f2_line = 319 - 6 + f1_line;
        break;
    case bmdModeHD1080i50:
    case bmdModeHD1080i5994:
    case bmdModeHD1080i6000:
        f2_line = 569 - 7 + f1_line;
        break;
    default:
        f2_line = 0;
        break;
    }

    if (f2_line > 0) {
        ret = klvanc_line_insert(ctx->vanc_ctx, vanc_lines, afd_words, len, f2_line, 0);
        if (ret) {
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "VANC line insertion failed\n");
            goto out;
        }
    }

out:
    if (afd)
        klvanc_destroy_AFD(afd);
    if (afd_words)
        free(afd_words);
}

static int decklink_construct_vanc(AVFormatContext *avctx, struct decklink_ctx *ctx,
                                   AVPacket *pkt, decklink_frame *frame,
                                   AVStream *st)
{
    struct klvanc_line_set_s vanc_lines = { 0 };
    int ret = 0, i;

    if (!ctx->supports_vanc)
        return 0;

    construct_cc(avctx, ctx, pkt, &vanc_lines);
    construct_afd(avctx, ctx, pkt, &vanc_lines, st);

    IDeckLinkVideoFrameAncillary *vanc;
    int result = ctx->dlo->CreateAncillaryData(bmdFormat10BitYUV, &vanc);
    if (result != S_OK) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to create vanc\n");
        ret = AVERROR(EIO);
        goto done;
    }

    /* Now that we've got all the VANC lines in a nice orderly manner, generate the
       final VANC sections for the Decklink output */
    for (i = 0; i < vanc_lines.num_lines; i++) {
        struct klvanc_line_s *line = vanc_lines.lines[i];
        int real_line;
        void *buf;

        if (!line)
            break;

        /* FIXME: include hack for certain Decklink cards which mis-represent
           line numbers for pSF frames */
        real_line = line->line_number;

        result = vanc->GetBufferForVerticalBlankingLine(real_line, &buf);
        if (result != S_OK) {
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to get VANC line %d: %d", real_line, result);
            continue;
        }

        /* Generate the full line taking into account all VANC packets on that line */
        result = klvanc_generate_vanc_line_v210(ctx->vanc_ctx, line, (uint8_t *) buf,
                                                ctx->bmd_width);
        if (result) {
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to generate VANC line\n");
            continue;
        }
    }

    result = frame->SetAncillaryData(vanc);
    vanc->Release();
    if (result != S_OK) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to set vanc: %d", result);
        ret = AVERROR(EIO);
    }

done:
    for (i = 0; i < vanc_lines.num_lines; i++)
        klvanc_line_free(vanc_lines.lines[i]);

    return ret;
}
#endif

static int decklink_write_video_packet(AVFormatContext *avctx, AVPacket *pkt)
{
    struct decklink_cctx *cctx = (struct decklink_cctx *)avctx->priv_data;
    struct decklink_ctx *ctx = (struct decklink_ctx *)cctx->ctx;
    AVStream *st = avctx->streams[pkt->stream_index];
    AVFrame *avframe = NULL, *tmp = (AVFrame *)pkt->data;
    AVPacket *avpacket = NULL;
    decklink_frame *frame;
    uint32_t buffered;
    HRESULT hr;

    ctx->last_pts = FFMAX(ctx->last_pts, pkt->pts);

    if (st->codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_WRAPPED_AVFRAME) {
        if (tmp->format != AV_PIX_FMT_UYVY422 ||
            tmp->width  != ctx->bmd_width ||
            tmp->height != ctx->bmd_height) {
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Got a frame with invalid pixel format or dimension.\n");
            return AVERROR(EINVAL);
        }

        avframe = av_frame_clone(tmp);
        if (!avframe) {
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Could not clone video frame.\n");
            return AVERROR(EIO);
        }

        frame = new decklink_frame(ctx, avframe, st->codecpar->codec_id, avframe->height, avframe->width);
    } else {
        avpacket = av_packet_clone(pkt);
        if (!avpacket) {
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Could not clone video frame.\n");
            return AVERROR(EIO);
        }

        frame = new decklink_frame(ctx, avpacket, st->codecpar->codec_id, ctx->bmd_height, ctx->bmd_width);

#if CONFIG_LIBKLVANC
        if (decklink_construct_vanc(avctx, ctx, pkt, frame, st))
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to construct VANC\n");
#endif
    }

    if (!frame) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Could not create new frame.\n");
        av_frame_free(&avframe);
        av_packet_free(&avpacket);
        return AVERROR(EIO);
    }

    /* Always keep at most one second of frames buffered. */
    pthread_mutex_lock(&ctx->mutex);
    while (ctx->frames_buffer_available_spots == 0) {
        pthread_cond_wait(&ctx->cond, &ctx->mutex);
    }
    ctx->frames_buffer_available_spots--;
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);

    if (ctx->first_pts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
        ctx->first_pts = pkt->pts;

    /* Schedule frame for playback. */
    hr = ctx->dlo->ScheduleVideoFrame((class IDeckLinkVideoFrame *) frame,
                                      pkt->pts * ctx->bmd_tb_num,
                                      ctx->bmd_tb_num, ctx->bmd_tb_den);
    /* Pass ownership to DeckLink, or release on failure */
    frame->Release();
    if (hr != S_OK) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Could not schedule video frame."
                " error %08x.\n", (uint32_t) hr);
        return AVERROR(EIO);
    }

    ctx->dlo->GetBufferedVideoFrameCount(&buffered);
    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Buffered video frames: %d.\n", (int) buffered);
    if (pkt->pts > 2 && buffered <= 2)
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING, "There are not enough buffered video frames."
               " Video may misbehave!\n");

    /* Preroll video frames. */
    if (!ctx->playback_started && pkt->pts > (ctx->first_pts + ctx->frames_preroll)) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Ending audio preroll.\n");
        if (ctx->audio && ctx->dlo->EndAudioPreroll() != S_OK) {
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Could not end audio preroll!\n");
            return AVERROR(EIO);
        }
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Starting scheduled playback.\n");
        if (ctx->dlo->StartScheduledPlayback(ctx->first_pts * ctx->bmd_tb_num, ctx->bmd_tb_den, 1.0) != S_OK) {
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Could not start scheduled playback!\n");
            return AVERROR(EIO);
        }
        ctx->playback_started = 1;
    }

    return 0;
}

static int decklink_write_audio_packet(AVFormatContext *avctx, AVPacket *pkt)
{
    struct decklink_cctx *cctx = (struct decklink_cctx *)avctx->priv_data;
    struct decklink_ctx *ctx = (struct decklink_ctx *)cctx->ctx;
    AVStream *st = avctx->streams[pkt->stream_index];
    int sample_count;
    uint32_t buffered;
    uint8_t *outbuf = NULL;
    int ret = 0;

    ctx->dlo->GetBufferedAudioSampleFrameCount(&buffered);
    if (pkt->pts > 1 && !buffered)
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING, "There's no buffered audio."
               " Audio will misbehave!\n");

    if (st->codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_AC3) {
        /* Encapsulate AC3 syncframe into SMPTE 337 packet */
        int outbuf_size;
        ret = create_s337_payload(pkt, &outbuf, &outbuf_size);
        if (ret < 0)
            return ret;
        sample_count = outbuf_size / 4;
    } else {
        sample_count = pkt->size / (ctx->channels << 1);
        outbuf = pkt->data;
    }

    if (ctx->dlo->ScheduleAudioSamples(outbuf, sample_count, pkt->pts,
                                       bmdAudioSampleRate48kHz, NULL) != S_OK) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Could not schedule audio samples.\n");
        ret = AVERROR(EIO);
    }

    if (st->codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_AC3)
        av_freep(&outbuf);

    return ret;
}

extern "C" {

av_cold int ff_decklink_write_header(AVFormatContext *avctx)
{
    struct decklink_cctx *cctx = (struct decklink_cctx *)avctx->priv_data;
    struct decklink_ctx *ctx;
    unsigned int n;
    int ret;

    ctx = (struct decklink_ctx *) av_mallocz(sizeof(struct decklink_ctx));
    if (!ctx)
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
    ctx->list_devices = cctx->list_devices;
    ctx->list_formats = cctx->list_formats;
    ctx->preroll      = cctx->preroll;
    ctx->duplex_mode  = cctx->duplex_mode;
    ctx->first_pts    = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
    if (cctx->link > 0 && (unsigned int)cctx->link < FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(decklink_link_conf_map))
        ctx->link = decklink_link_conf_map[cctx->link];
    cctx->ctx = ctx;
#if CONFIG_LIBKLVANC
    if (klvanc_context_create(&ctx->vanc_ctx) < 0) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot create VANC library context\n");
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
    }
    ctx->supports_vanc = 1;
#endif

    /* List available devices and exit. */
    if (ctx->list_devices) {
        ff_decklink_list_devices_legacy(avctx, 0, 1);
        return AVERROR_EXIT;
    }

    ret = ff_decklink_init_device(avctx, avctx->url);
    if (ret < 0)
        return ret;

    /* Get output device. */
    if (ctx->dl->QueryInterface(IID_IDeckLinkOutput, (void **) &ctx->dlo) != S_OK) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Could not open output device from '%s'\n",
               avctx->url);
        ret = AVERROR(EIO);
        goto error;
    }

    /* List supported formats. */
    if (ctx->list_formats) {
        ff_decklink_list_formats(avctx);
        ret = AVERROR_EXIT;
        goto error;
    }

    /* Setup streams. */
    ret = AVERROR(EIO);
    for (n = 0; n < avctx->nb_streams; n++) {
        AVStream *st = avctx->streams[n];
        AVCodecParameters *c = st->codecpar;
        if        (c->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO) {
            if (decklink_setup_audio(avctx, st))
                goto error;
        } else if (c->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
            if (decklink_setup_video(avctx, st))
                goto error;
        } else {
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Unsupported stream type.\n");
            goto error;
        }
    }

    return 0;

error:
    ff_decklink_cleanup(avctx);
    return ret;
}

int ff_decklink_write_packet(AVFormatContext *avctx, AVPacket *pkt)
{
    AVStream *st = avctx->streams[pkt->stream_index];

    if      (st->codecpar->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
        return decklink_write_video_packet(avctx, pkt);
    else if (st->codecpar->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO)
        return decklink_write_audio_packet(avctx, pkt);

    return AVERROR(EIO);
}

int ff_decklink_list_output_devices(AVFormatContext *avctx, struct AVDeviceInfoList *device_list)
{
    return ff_decklink_list_devices(avctx, device_list, 0, 1);
}

} /* extern "C" */