app.py

import numpy as np
from skimage import exposure, color, util
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import gradio as gr

# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_matrix#General_rotations
def _rotation_matrix(yaw, pitch, roll):
    yaw_matrix = np.array([
        [np.cos(yaw), -np.sin(yaw), 0],
        [np.sin(yaw), np.cos(yaw), 0],
        [0, 0, 1],
    ])
    pitch_matrix = np.array([
        [np.cos(pitch), 0, np.sin(pitch)],
        [0, 1, 0],
        [-np.sin(pitch), 0, np.cos(pitch)],
    ])
    roll_matrix = np.array([
        [1, 0, 0],
        [0, np.cos(roll), -np.sin(roll)],
        [0, np.sin(roll), np.cos(roll)],
    ])

    return yaw_matrix @ pitch_matrix @ roll_matrix

def _calculate_transform():
    t_cie = np.array([50, 0, 0]) # center of CIELAB color space
    # lightness axis in CIELAB space is spanned by the vector [1, 0, 0]
    t_sol = np.array([55.5, -6.125, -2.875]) # center of Solarized base palette in CIELAB space
    v_sol = np.array([0.951, 0.145, 0.272]) # principal component of Solarized base palette in CIELAB space

    # find the rotation matrix that rotates [1, 0, 0] to v_sol
    pitch = -np.arcsin(v_sol[2])
    yaw = np.arcsin(v_sol[1]/np.cos(pitch))
    roll = 0 # roll is a free parameter
    R = _rotation_matrix(yaw, pitch, roll)

    def rotate(x):
        return (x-t_cie) @ R.T + t_sol

    return rotate

transform = _calculate_transform()

# light_min and light_max define a range of lightnesss between 0 and 100
# chroma_attenuation is a factor between 0 and 1
def preprocess_image(image, light_min, light_max, chroma_attenutation):
    lightness_range = (light_min, light_max)
    chroma_range = (-128*chroma_attenutation, 128*chroma_attenutation)

    image_lab = color.rgb2lab(image)
    image_lab[:, :, 0] = exposure.rescale_intensity(image_lab[:, :, 0], in_range=(0, 100), out_range=lightness_range)
    image_lab[:, :, 1] = exposure.rescale_intensity(image_lab[:, :, 1], in_range=(-128, 128), out_range=chroma_range)
    image_lab[:, :, 2] = exposure.rescale_intensity(image_lab[:, :, 2], in_range=(-128, 128), out_range=chroma_range)
    image = color.lab2rgb(image_lab)

    return image

def preprocess_image_parallel(image, light_min, light_max, chroma_attenutation):
    preprocess_kwargs = {'light_min': light_min, 'light_max': light_max, 'chroma_attenutation': chroma_attenutation}
    image = util.apply_parallel(
        preprocess_image, image,
        (1024, 1024), # restricted chunk size to prevent OOM-kill
        dtype=np.float64, # required, according to error message
        extra_keywords=preprocess_kwargs,
        channel_axis=2, # third axis holds RGB channels
    )
    return image

def lightness_hist(image):
    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12, 12/5)) # set aspect ratio of figure to 5:1
    ax = fig.add_subplot()
    
    image_lightness = color.rgb2lab(image)[:, :, 0].flatten()

    ax.hist(image_lightness, bins=64, label=None)
    ax.axvline(x=8.13974087, color='#586e75', label='Solarized dark target range')
    ax.axvline(x=59.4372606, color='#586e75', label=None)
    ax.axvline(x=38.76215165, color='#93a1a1', label='Solarized light target range')
    ax.axvline(x=93.86995897, color='#93a1a1', label=None)
    ax.set_xlim(0, 100)

    ax.legend()
    ax.set_xlabel('Lightness')
    ax.set_ylabel('Frequency')

    # set aspect ratio of final plot to 7:1 (different from figure aspect ratio to fit other elements)
    x_left, x_right = ax.get_xlim()
    y_bottom, y_top = ax.get_ylim()
    ax.set_aspect((x_right-x_left)/(y_top-y_bottom)/7)
    
    return fig

def transform_image(image):
    shape = image.shape # record shape

    workmem = color.rgb2lab(image) # convert to CIELAB
    workmem = workmem.reshape(-1, 3)
    workmem = transform(workmem) # transform is a function defined globally
    workmem = workmem.reshape(shape) # undo flatten
    workmem = color.lab2rgb(workmem) # convert back to RGB

    workmem = util.img_as_ubyte(workmem) # convert back to uint8 rgb
    
    return workmem

def transform_image_parallel(image):
    image = util.apply_parallel(
        transform_image, image, 
        (1024, 1024), # restricted chunk size to prevent OOM-kill
        dtype=np.uint8, # required, according to error message
        channel_axis=2, # third axis holds RGB channels
    )
    return image

with gr.Blocks() as demo:
    gr.Markdown('# background-solarizer')
    gr.Markdown(
        'Align your desktop background to the Solarized color palette. Upload an image, adjust the sliders, and click '
        '"Preprocess into workspace" to check whether the light mode or dark mode target range is satisfied. Click '
        '"Transform workspace" to apply the transformation. For more information, check read the blog post at '
        'https://kenny-peng.com/2023/06/02/solarized_background_2.html.'
    )
    with gr.Row():
        with gr.Column(scale=1, min_width=320):
            input_image = gr.Image(label='Input')
            light_min_slider = gr.Slider(minimum=0, maximum=100, value=10, label='Lightness minimum')
            light_max_slider = gr.Slider(minimum=0, maximum=100, value=70, label='Lightness maximum')
            chroma_attenutation_slider = gr.Slider(minimum=0, maximum=1, value=0.25, label='Chroma attenuation')
            preprocess_button = gr.Button(value='Preprocess into workspace')
            transform_button = gr.Button(value='Transform workspace')
        with gr.Column(scale=2, min_width=640):
            workspace_image = gr.Image(label='Workspace', interactive=False)
            hist = gr.Plot(label='Lightness histogram')
    
    preprocess_button.click(
        preprocess_image_parallel, 
        inputs=[input_image, light_min_slider, light_max_slider, chroma_attenutation_slider],
        outputs=[workspace_image]
    ).then(
        lightness_hist,
        inputs=[workspace_image],
        outputs=[hist]
    )

    transform_button.click(
        transform_image_parallel,
        inputs=[workspace_image],
        outputs=[workspace_image]
    )

demo.launch()