fsmm_data.json

[
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "First APEC Ministerial Meeting on Food Security Niigata, Japan, 16-17 October 2010 NIIGATA DECLARATION ON APEC FOOD SECURITY Preamble",
    "paragraph_index": 1,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "1. We, the APEC Ministers responsible for food security, met for the first time in Niigata, Japan from 16 to 17 October 2010 under the chairmanship of H.E. Michihiko Kano, Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan.",
    "paragraph_index": 2,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "2. We welcomed the participation in the meeting of representatives from the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, the United Nations' High- Level Task Force (HLTF) on the Global Food Crisis, the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the World Bank, the World Food Programme (WFP) and the APEC Business Advisory Council (ABAC).",
    "paragraph_index": 3,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "3. Global food security stands at a crossroads. The food price spike in 2007 and 2008 served as a wake-up call about the vulnerability of long-term food security. In 2009, for the first time in human history, the number of undernourished people in the world exceeded 1 billion1, although it is estimated to have declined to 925 million in",
    "paragraph_index": 4,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "2010. Looking to the future, the world's population is expected to reach 9.1 billion by 2050, and food production will have to increase by 70 percent to feed them2. On the other hand, agricultural production has been increasingly constrained as crop yields are not improving as fast as in previous years; public investment has diminished in the long term; and desertification, shortages of fresh water, conversion of farmland to non-food production and the adverse impacts of climate change have increased. Consequently, average crop prices over the next decade are projected to remain above the levels evident during the decade prior to the 2007-08 peaks3. These realities underscore the importance of trade in food and agricultural products. Food Security and APEC",
    "paragraph_index": 5,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "4. Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life4 . This commonly accepted definition of food security comprises four elements: availability, accessibility, utilization and stability. The availability of sufficient food is a prerequisite for access to food conditioned by consumers' purchasing power; while food must be safe, diverse, balanced and nutritious, and available and accessible throughout the year. Food security must be realized at all levels: ranging from individuals and households, through to the domestic, regional and global levels. Agriculture, which provides food, can contribute to other positive externalities such as conserving agricultural land, fostering water resources, preserving landscape and protecting biodiversity. Approaches taken by economies on food security will vary depending on each economy's level of development and its position in food trade. Food security is, however, a common concern for all APEC economies as food is an absolute necessity for human survival.",
    "paragraph_index": 6,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "5. As the pre-eminent forum for economic cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region, APEC has an important role to play to improve regional and global food security. While APEC's member economies have reduced the region's undernourished people by 24 percent between 1990 and 2006, more remains to be done with about one quarter of the world's undernourished people residing in the region5. APEC economies are vulnerable to food security risks throughout the food chain as exemplified by a number of protests and riots that occurred during the food price spike in 2007-",
    "paragraph_index": 7,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "08. The region is frequently exposed to natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, typhoons, floods and droughts that temporarily disrupt food supply, damage the food production base, disrupt livelihoods, displace people and reduce access to food. APEC is, however, well placed to help improve regional and global food security, with its members accounting for half of world grain production and including major exporters and importers of agricultural products. Trade plays a key role in food security, and APEC as the premier forum for facilitating economic growth, cooperation and trade and investment can make a major contribution to food security efforts. Improved food security in the region would contribute to the attainment of APEC's human security goals and assist the implementation of the APEC Leaders' Growth Strategy.",
    "paragraph_index": 8,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "6. The lessons learned from recent food price spikes provide valuable guidance on the ways in which APEC can address food security. For the past few decades, efforts by the international community have placed a strong emphasis on demand side measures as a means to improve access to food through poverty alleviation. By contrast, investment in supply side activities such as agricultural research and development, extension and infrastructure have been insufficient. In view of its strong record of economic and technical cooperation, APEC is well positioned to help expand the availability of food through a focus on raising agricultural productivity, facilitating trade and investment and expanding markets. While poverty reduction and programs to ensure access to food for vulnerable rural and urban population remain important, this targeted approach will help ensure that APEC complements, rather than duplicates, other international efforts on food security. In undertaking this work, APEC will also help to set a positive example for other organizations and for non-member economies. APEC economies' experience and expertise can be leveraged to support the L'Aquila Food Security Initiative (AFSI) and Rome Principles for Sustainable Global Food Security. We recognized similar efforts by APEC economies which contribute to regional and global food security such as the ASEAN Plus Three Cooperation on Food Security and Bio-Energy Development and the Global Agriculture and Food Security Program.",
    "paragraph_index": 9,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "7. Now is the time to take concrete actions to feed the future. To meet this challenge, we agreed that APEC economies would collectively pursue the shared goals of (i) sustainable development of the agricultural sector, and (ii) facilitation of investment, trade and markets. We also endorsed an APEC Action Plan on Food Security, which identifies specific activities to be implemented by APEC economies to strengthen regional food security. We invited relevant APEC sub-fora to help carry out these activities in cooperation with responsible economies and ABAC. Shared Goal 1: Sustainable Development of the Agricultural Sector6",
    "paragraph_index": 10,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "8. Increasing the availability of sufficient, safe and nutritious food in the APEC region through expanded supply capacity, underpinned by viable rural communities, will be necessary to address a possible supply-demand imbalance for food that may result from future population and income growth. These collective actions need to be supplemented by cooperation to help adapt to, and mitigate, climate change and to enhance disaster preparedness in the agricultural sector to help the region achieve a stable supply of food for its people. Expanding food supply capacity",
    "paragraph_index": 11,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "9. The capacity to supply food can be expanded through increased agricultural productivity, improved usage of post-harvest technologies, enlargement of cultivated areas, rehabilitation of agricultural and grassland areas affected by erosion, reduction in losses throughout the food chain and the sustainable exploitation of underutilized sources. Ninety percent of the growth in global crop production by 2050 will need to come from increased productivity, including higher yields and increased cropping intensity7. Raising productivity is thus essential to feeding the world's growing population, and expanded emphasis on research and development, extension, and infrastructure development will contribute to achieve this objective. We will seek to mobilize the resources needed to increase productivity, including the review, approval and adoption of biotechnology and other new technologies and innovations that are safe, effective and environmentally sustainable. We also agreed that the APEC economies should facilitate the development and dissemination of new and existing technologies on mutually agreed terms. Building on our collective and individual efforts in these areas, we agreed on the need to increase agricultural production in the APEC region and to promote or accelerate utilization of all available food sources. We encouraged APEC economies to cooperate in reducing food losses in all stages in the value chain from production and processing to distribution and consumption by sharing best practice. We shared the view that through effective resource management of marine fisheries and sustainable development of aquaculture production, fishery resources will continue to be a secure and promising source of food supply. We acknowledged the outcomes of the Third APEC Oceans-related Ministerial Meeting (AOMM3) held October 11-12 in Paracas, Peru and the Paracas Declaration and its Action Agenda, recognizing and emphasizing the vital contribution of marine resources and fisheries and aquaculture products to food security. Enhancing disaster preparedness in agriculture",
    "paragraph_index": 12,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "10. The Asia-Pacific region experiences over 70 percent of the world's natural disasters. Moreover, most APEC economies are located in the Pacific Ring of Fire, which is home to over 75 percent of the world's volcanoes and is the source of 90 percent of the world's earthquakes8. The agricultural sector is severely affected by these natural disasters. The spread of emerging pests and diseases is also a grave concern for the region. Improving emergency preparedness in the agricultural sector should thus be accorded the highest priority. We agreed to work together, in close collaboration with APEC Emergency Preparedness Working Group, to enhance regional capacity to mitigate, prepare for, respond to and recover from disasters affecting the agricultural sector, with a focus on the impacts of climate change and climate variability. We also agreed that APEC economies would collaborate in the prevention and control of transboundary animal diseases and plant pests, and to encourage the development of comprehensive risk management plans through information sharing and capacity building among members. At the same time, we agreed on the importance of social protection measures such as safety nets and other policies that protect the most vulnerable from shocks such as natural disasters. In this context we agreed to examine the feasibility of establishing cooperative approaches to address emergency food needs. We also acknowledged ASEAN+3 efforts in establishing the ASEAN Plus Three Emergency Rice Reserve (APTERR) to expeditiously safeguard food security in emergency situation. Developing rural communities",
    "paragraph_index": 13,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "11. Rural areas present challenges and opportunities for food security. About 75 percent of the poor in developing economies live in rural areas. Conversely, growth in the agricultural sector, the dominant income source for rural inhabitants, is at least twice as effective in benefiting the poorest as growth from non-agricultural sectors9. In some developed economies, agriculture plays a smaller and declining role in employment and income. Diversification of income sources, including the expansion of market oriented farming activities and off-farm incomes, could thus be a focus for improving food security. To achieve these goals, we agreed to share information and best practice to bring about a synergy between rural development and food security. We recognized the value of encouraging the consumption of foods, including those available locally, that contribute to diversified and balanced diets and to lessen their dependency on a certain staple food. We also agreed on the need to integrate and invest more to help women, young and poor farmers to improve their capacity to satisfy food needs - including quantity, quality and diversity - and thereby spread the benefits across families and generations. Furthermore, we recognized the importance of social protection measures such as school feeding and mother-and-child nutrition programs, which act as safety nets for vulnerable groups. Confronting challenges in climate change and natural resource management",
    "paragraph_index": 14,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "12. Agriculture depends heavily on natural resources such as land and water, and generates both positive and negative environmental externalities in terms of land, soil, water, landscape and biodiversity. Agriculture is also particularly vulnerable to climate change. Agriculture, as a source of global greenhouse gas emissions10, is contributing to this challenge. At the same time, it may also contribute to a solution through carbon sequestration in soils and forests and improved natural resource management practices. In this context, we agreed to work together to assist the agricultural sector to adapt to, and mitigate, climate change through the development and transfer of new and existing technologies, exchange of information, research collaboration and capacity building, in accordance with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. To this end, we noted the importance of bringing economies together in a bottom-up, voluntary network to increase international cooperation, collaboration and investment in agricultural greenhouse gas research. One positive example of such collaborative work is the Global Research Alliance which brings economies together to find ways to grow more food without growing greenhouse gas emissions. We also agreed to address natural resource challenges such as growing water scarcity, expanding desertification, increasing farmland conversion, diminishing biodiversity, degraded tropical forests and depleted marine fishery resources. Recognizing the opportunities provided by biofuels, we shared the need to cooperate on developing second-generation biofuels. Shared Goal 2: Facilitation of Investment, Trade and Markets",
    "paragraph_index": 15,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "13. Food security cannot be achieved without stable, efficient and equitable distribution systems that can deliver food to the whole population. In this regard, APEC economies should work together to facilitate improved agricultural trade, maintain reliable markets, enhance the business environment and ensure food safety in the region in cooperation with key stakeholders. Promoting responsible agricultural investment is an indispensable element of this goal. Promoting investment in agriculture",
    "paragraph_index": 16,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "14. Sufficient investment in agriculture is a prerequisite for long-lasting food security. However, the annual rate of accumulation of capital stocks in agriculture declined from 1.1 percent in 1975-1990 to 0.5 percent in 1991-",
    "paragraph_index": 17,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "2007. Development aid to agriculture decreased by 58 percent in real terms between 1980 and 2005, reducing the share of ODA to the agricultural sector from 17 percent to just 4 percent. To meet projected global food consumption needs in the future, there will need to be a substantial increase in investment in the agricultural sector. With this formidable challenge in mind, we committed to promote policies that enhance investment in agriculture and explore agricultural resources, so as to ensure long-term food security. We recognized the crucial role of private investment and encouraged the use of private-public partnerships. We acknowledged the value of foreign direct investment in agriculture as a means to deliver higher agricultural productivity and job creation in recipient economies. To this end, noting the growing commercial pressure on land and other natural resources across the developing world, we supported responsible agricultural investment that aims to create a ?win-win-win? situation for recipient economies, local communities and investors. We also supported the ongoing efforts by relevant international organizations, in association with various stakeholder groups, to develop principles and best practice on Responsible Agricultural Investment (RAI) to help frame a coordinated global response. Facilitating trade in food and agricultural products",
    "paragraph_index": 18,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "15. Trade plays a key role in achieving food security. It ensures that people have physical access to the food that they need for a balanced diet. At the same time, trade also creates economic opportunities for people, which can increase their incomes and economic access to food. To this end, we reconfirmed the value of an open and rules-based multilateral trading system under the framework of the WTO, which provides predictability and stability in agricultural trade. We agreed on the need to sustain the benefits of globalization and open markets, highlighting the crucial importance of encouraging science-based standards, rejecting protectionism and encouraging the development of regionally integrated markets. We renewed our commitment to an ambitious, balanced and prompt conclusion to the Doha Development Agenda, consistent with its mandate, built on the progress achieved, including with regard to modalities. We reconfirmed the commitment on a standstill, first made by APEC Leaders in 2008 and extended by APEC Ministers Responsible for Trade until",
    "paragraph_index": 19,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "2011. WTO inconsistent measures create negative incentives for farmers as an unpredictable policy environment discourages investment and only provides a temporary and inefficient benefit, often neglecting those consumers with the lowest incomes. Recognizing the vulnerability of all economies, and particularly net food importing economies and developing economies, to external shocks, we noted the need to ensure an appropriate mix of domestic production, international trade, stocks and safety nets for the poor reflecting levels of development and resource endowment. Building on successful APEC efforts to promote free and open trade, we supported the cooperation in facilitating trade in food and agricultural products by addressing relevant measures including non-tariff measures and non-tariff barriers. Strengthening confidence in agricultural markets",
    "paragraph_index": 20,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "16. The sharp spike in food prices in 2007-08 raised concerns about volatility and uncertainty in agricultural markets. Although the trend in price volatility in international markets is mixed depending on commodities, global food commodity markets are likely to show periodic volatility for the foreseeable future11. We agreed to work together to address volatility and uncertainty in commodity prices and to strengthen confidence in international agricultural markets. Specifically, we agreed to jointly explore the best way to reduce uncertainty in agricultural markets, including through information sharing among economies based on experiences in other regional and international fora. Improving agribusiness environment",
    "paragraph_index": 21,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "17. An agribusiness sector that links farmers and consumers plays an increasingly pivotal role in food security as economies develop and food is provided through longer value chains. Governments must thus act to improve the investment climate to induce the entry of investors and to address bottlenecks to the development of micro, small and medium sized agro-enterprise12. To achieve these outcomes, we agreed to cooperate to improve the investment climate by providing public goods such as infrastructure, by establishing a secure legal and regulatory framework and by ensuring access to financial services. To this end, we expressed our collective desire for further innovation in micro- finance in the food and agricultural sector. We agreed to facilitate the development of a strong food supply chain that provides sufficient, safe and nutritious food. We also agreed on the need to promote shared standards, the development and use of science-based regulations, and the establishment of comprehensive and balanced intellectual property systems. Improving food safety practices",
    "paragraph_index": 22,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "18. Building the capacity of economies to produce, access, and distribute safe food, as well as developing appropriate food safety regulation, is an integral element of food security. Given the significant public health and economic impacts of unsafe food, greater collaboration among food scientists and regulators, as well as the use of science and risk-based food safety systems, should be accelerated to improve regulatory outcomes. The APEC Food Safety Cooperation Forum and its Partnership Training Institute Network can be used as a resource to develop, design and test food safety training modules and methods of delivery, and serves as a model for global initiatives. In this context, we agreed to encourage APEC economies through relevant APEC sub-fora to collaborate in the area of food safety in line with their mandate and competence. Partnering with key stakeholders",
    "paragraph_index": 23,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "19. Meaningful consultation with relevant stakeholders is critical to making sustained progress towards our food security goals. Robust engagement helps strengthen the commitment of key players and ensures that the best ideas are utilized. Stakeholders comprise a broad range of players including non-government organizations, foundations, universities, multilateral institutions and private sector entities. We noted the value of ABAC's input over the years, including its development and advocacy of the APEC Food System concept and its publication of a Strategic Framework for Food Security in APEC in 2009, and instructed Senior Officials to integrate ABAC into APEC's food security efforts in a more substantive manner. The Way Forward",
    "paragraph_index": 24,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "20. We instructed APEC Senior Officials to monitor the implementation of the Action Plan on Food Security, to report progress on its implementation to APEC Ministers on an annual basis, and to compile an assessment report on overall achievements following the completion of the Action Plan. 1 FAO (2009) The State of Food Insecurity in the World",
    "paragraph_index": 25,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "2009. 2 FAO (2009) How to Feed the World in",
    "paragraph_index": 26,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "2050. 3 OECD-FAO (2010) OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2010-",
    "paragraph_index": 27,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "2019. 4 FAO (1996) World Food Summit Plan of Action. 5 FAO (2009) The State of Food Insecurity in the World",
    "paragraph_index": 28,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "2009. 6 The term, agricultural sector, comprises crops, livestock, forestry and fisheries sectors in this declaration. 7 FAO (2009) How to Feed the World in",
    "paragraph_index": 29,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "2050. 8 APEC (2008) Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction and Emergency Preparedness and Response in the Asia Pacific Region: 2009 to 2015 (2008/SOM3/TFEP012). 9 World Bank (2007) World Development Report 2008: Agriculture for Development. 10 IPPC (2007) IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change",
    "paragraph_index": 30,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "2007. 11 FAO (2009) How to Feed the World in",
    "paragraph_index": 31,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "2050. 12 World Bank (2007) World Development Report 2008: Agriculture for Development. APEC Action Plan on Food Security Annex Activities Years Economies Common tool   Develop a platform for information sharing (Information Platform: IP)",
    "paragraph_index": 32,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "1. Hold  workshop  to  discuss  a  framework  of  a  portal  website  for  sharing information  provided  by  economies,  develop  the  website  integrating  such information  as  outputs  of  the  activities,  best  practices,  research  results  and statistics, and observe the activities. Shared Goal 1: Sustainable Development of the Agricultural Sector Expanding food supply capacity   Transfer new and existing agricultural technology 2011- Japan",
    "paragraph_index": 33,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "2. Develop a website for sharing information on agricultural technology. 2010-2012",
    "paragraph_index": 34,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "3. Hold workshop on building an efficient agricultural technical transfer platform 2010-2011 China China to promote technology cooperation.",
    "paragraph_index": 35,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "4. Hold  conference  to  discuss  practical  actions  for  creating  conditions  for  the 2010 China environment for agricultural technology development and transfer.",
    "paragraph_index": 36,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "5. Hold  symposium  to  share  information  on  the  use  of  water  resource  and the farmers-participatory International Network for Water and Ecosystem in Paddy Fields. irrigation  management in  collaboration  with 2011 Japan",
    "paragraph_index": 37,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "6. Organize workshop on the raising of APEC capability on food crops production 2010-2012 Thailand to serve consumption needs in",
    "paragraph_index": 38,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "2015.   Enhance capacities for research and developments",
    "paragraph_index": 39,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "7. Provide  researchers  of  developing  economies  with  training  on  agricultural 2011-2013 Japan research.",
    "paragraph_index": 40,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "8. Reinforce  international  collaborative  research  on  global  warming  and  food 2011- Japan security by sharing research outcomes via IP.",
    "paragraph_index": 41,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "9. Hold capacity building workshop to implement enabling regulatory systems that 2010-2011 US support investment in agricultural biotechnology.",
    "paragraph_index": 42,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "10. Hold conference to exchange views on the areas of challenges for developing 2011-2012 Thailand economies on food security and to identify capacity building needs.   Explore cooperation with non-APEC economies",
    "paragraph_index": 43,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "11. Share best practices on agricultural assistance to developing countries mainly in 2011- Japan Africa via IP.",
    "paragraph_index": 44,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "12. Conduct  agricultural  cooperation  program  for  technology-sharing  and  joint resource-development  with  developing  countries  in  Asia,  Africa,  and  Latin America. 2010-2014 Korea   Reduce food losses",
    "paragraph_index": 45,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "13. Organize  workshop, training and a joint research project to share approaches 2012-2015 and tools for post-harvest handling.   Utilize fisheries resources sustainably Chinese Taipei",
    "paragraph_index": 46,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "14. Develop a framework for fisheries development assistance outlining sustainable fishery goals and the priority areas to secure food supplies and livelihoods. 2010 Australia",
    "paragraph_index": 47,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "15. Conduct a study on the potential supply and use of small pelagic fish products 2010-2011 Peru for human consumption.",
    "paragraph_index": 48,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "16. Deliver a training module on safety of the aquaculture supply chain. 2010 US 8",
    "paragraph_index": 49,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "17. Share information on sustainable use of fisheries resources via IP. Activities Years 2011- Economies Japan Enhancing disaster preparedness in agriculture   Enhance capacities for disaster preparedness in agriculture",
    "paragraph_index": 50,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "18. Share  best  practices  on  disaster  prevention  and  mitigation  in  agriculture  and support  measures  for  farming  and  rural  areas  in  times  of  disaster,  including international relief systems via IP. 2011- Japan",
    "paragraph_index": 51,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "19. Organize workshop, training and an information platform to share technologies 2011-2013 to mitigate slopeland disaster. Chinese Taipei   Prevent and control transboundary animal and plant diseases",
    "paragraph_index": 52,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "20. Hold training on building capability for plant pest surveillance and diagnostics 2010-2011 Australia skills.",
    "paragraph_index": 53,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "21. Develop a contingency plan against the incursion of invasive alien species pest, 2011-2014 Malaysia and hold workshop to explore regional joint actions.",
    "paragraph_index": 54,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "22. Analyze risk of cross-border spread of animal influenza, and strengthen mutual 2011 China understanding among inspection and quarantine agencies.",
    "paragraph_index": 55,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "23. Provide  quarantine  regulators  with  fumigation  audit  training  to  enhance  their 2010-2012 Australia technical fumigation expertise.",
    "paragraph_index": 56,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "24. Hold  training  workshop  to  improve  understanding  of  current  and  emerging 2010-2011 Australia phytosanitary risk management practices. Developing rural communities   Promote the consumption of local agricultural products",
    "paragraph_index": 57,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "25. Hold workshop on the potency of local food resources, and establish a network 2011-2014 Indonesia among agriculture research centers on food diversification.",
    "paragraph_index": 58,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "26. Organize workshop, exchange program, a joint research project and training to 2011-2014 expand the market of indigenous vegetables.",
    "paragraph_index": 59,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "27. Hold  workshop  to  exchange  information  on  conservation  and  utilization  of 2011-2013 Chinese Taipei Thailand indigenous vegetables.   Disseminate promising approaches for rural community development",
    "paragraph_index": 60,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "28. Share  best  practices  on  rural  women-led  new  businesses  including  the processing  and  marketing  of  agricultural  products,  on  green  tourism  and  on experience programs of rural culture via IP and symposium. 2011- Japan",
    "paragraph_index": 61,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "29. Hold  workshop  on  pro-poor  agricultural  technology  choices,  coalition  of  the 2010 Korea rural poor, and strategic thrusts. Confronting challenges in climate change and natural resource management   Disseminate promising farming practices to cope with climate change",
    "paragraph_index": 62,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "30. Hold  symposium  to  share  information  on  possible  contributions  of  the 2011 Philippines agricultural sector to the reduction of greenhouse gas emission.",
    "paragraph_index": 63,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "31. Hold workshop to share adaptation and mitigation measures adopted by each 2011 Japan economy and to discuss the applicability to other economies.",
    "paragraph_index": 64,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "32. Provide training and hold workshop to improve farmers’ adaptive capacity to 2011-2013 Thailand climate variability and change.",
    "paragraph_index": 65,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "33. Hold  workshop  to  disseminate  feasible  adaptation  and  mitigation  measures identified  by  the  food  security  mapping  system  incorporating  climate  change factorable data. 2011-2013 Japan 9",
    "paragraph_index": 66,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "34. Organize  workshop,  training  and  an  information  platform  to  share  irrigation technologies/management adaptable to climate change. Activities Years 2011-2013 Economies Chinese Taipei",
    "paragraph_index": 67,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "35. Conduct  study  and  share  information  on  sustainable  paddy  rice  cultivation 2011- Japan system adaptable to climate change via IP.   Promote research to cope with climate change",
    "paragraph_index": 68,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "36. Organize exchange programs, workshop, training, and joint research projects to develop practices enabling sustainable food production under climate change. 2011-2013 Chinese Taipei",
    "paragraph_index": 69,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "37. Conduct  joint  research,  organize  training  course  and  workshop,  exchange program of research and study visit to enable sustainable livestock production for food security under climate change. 2011-2013 Thailand   Develop bioenergy compatible with food supply",
    "paragraph_index": 70,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "38. Share results of a forum on sustainable biomass energy production and use and 2011- Japan experiences of biomass town projects launched in East Asia via IP.",
    "paragraph_index": 71,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "39. Hold  biofuels  network  annual  symposium  and  biotrade/technical  training 2011 Thailand workshop.   Promote sustainable forest management compatible with food security",
    "paragraph_index": 72,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "40. Share information on the impact of deforestation on the natural environment and the sustainability of agricultural production  in farmland converted from forest via IP utilizing the Asia Forest Partnership as an information source.   Conduct outreach on the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety",
    "paragraph_index": 73,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "41. Hold workshop on Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety 2011- Japan 2011 US",
    "paragraph_index": 74,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "42. Share results of a symposium on the Conference of the Parties serving as the 2011-2012 Japan Meeting of the Parties to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety via IP. Shared Goal 2: Facilitation of Investment, Trade and Markets Promoting investment in agriculture   Recognize the importance of agricultural investment and its facilitation",
    "paragraph_index": 75,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "43. Hold  stakeholders  meeting  to  push  forward  the  responsible  agricultural 2011-2012 Japan investment (RAI) initiative in the APEC region. Facilitating trade in food and agricultural products   Facilitate trade",
    "paragraph_index": 76,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "44. Review the current status of electronic certification use in food trade, and hold 2011-2014 China workshop to promote its regional application.",
    "paragraph_index": 77,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "45. Complete a report on the effects of open markets for enhancing food security in the Asia Pacific region based on the results of case studies and workshop. 2010-2012 NZ",
    "paragraph_index": 78,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "46. Conduct  a  study  on  the  international  framework  of  rules,  standards  and guidance for agricultural crop biotechnology and hold a workshop to identify gaps and potential future work to minimize impediments to trade. 2011-2012 Canada Strengthening confidence in agricultural markets   Address uncertainty in agricultural market",
    "paragraph_index": 79,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "47. Share  information  on  food  supply  and  demand,  stockholding,  quality  and reserves via IP utilizing the  ASEAN Food Security Information System as  an information source. 2011- Japan",
    "paragraph_index": 80,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "48. Develop concept of unified informational and statistic agricultural portal based 2010-2011 Russia on the best practices of the advanced countries. 10 Activities Years Economies   Ensure food supply in times of food crises",
    "paragraph_index": 81,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "49. Conduct a study to explore potential regional food reserve mechanisms. 2011-2013 Chinese Taipei Improving agribusiness environment   Remove regulatory and institutional impediments",
    "paragraph_index": 82,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "50. Implement pilot projects for diagnosing the root causes and inefficiencies of an underperforming agricultural sector. 2011 US   Develop food industries",
    "paragraph_index": 83,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "51. Organize  a  dialogue  on  quality  managements  and  resource  and  environment 2010-2011 Japan conservation for food industries.",
    "paragraph_index": 84,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "52. Share available information for food industries on food cultures, dietary habits 2011- Japan and consumer preferences via IP.   Promote a strong food chain",
    "paragraph_index": 85,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "53. Hold  workshop  to  share  information  on  current  traceability  system  on  food 2011-2012 China chain.",
    "paragraph_index": 86,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "54. Conduct a survey on school feeding systems. 2010 Russia",
    "paragraph_index": 87,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "55. Review  regional  approaches  for  addressing  plant  biosecurity,  and  hold 2010-2012  Malaysia workshop to explore regional joint actions with stakeholders.",
    "paragraph_index": 88,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "56. Work on improving laboratory and technical capacity to carry out appropriate 2011 US testing sampling and analysis of food product.   Protect intellectual property rights in new plant varieties",
    "paragraph_index": 89,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "57. Hold symposium to share examination data on new plant varieties to accelerate 2011 Japan granting plant breeders right. Improving food safety practices   Improving food safety practice",
    "paragraph_index": 90,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "58. Identify main chemical contaminants in food traded internationally, and provide official inspectors with technical training. 2011-2014 China",
    "paragraph_index": 91,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "59. Hold training on developing food safety plans to strengthen the supply chain 2010-2011 US with outputs to be incorporated into online training.",
    "paragraph_index": 92,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "60. Hold symposium to understand the role of food safety in food security and to 2011 Philippines create a food safety network.",
    "paragraph_index": 93,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "61. Hold  workshop  on  HACCP  broiler  farm  to  improve  food  safety  of  poultry 2011 Thailand production.",
    "paragraph_index": 94,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2010,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "62. Hold workshop to disseminate lessons learned from food defense pilot project to build capacity to prevent deliberate tampering and contamination of the food supply. 2010-2011 US 11",
    "paragraph_index": 95,
    "filename": "10_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "RUSSIA 2012 Ministerial Meeting on Food Security Second APEC Ministerial Meeting on Food Security KAZAN DECLARATION ON APEC FOOD SECURITY Kazan, Russian Federation, 30-31 May 2012 Preamble",
    "paragraph_index": 1,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "1. We,  the  APEC  Ministers  responsible  for  food  security,  met  in  Kazan,  the  Russian Federation,  from  30  to  31  May  2012  under  the  chairmanship  of  Mr.  Nikolai  Fedorov,  Minister  of Agriculture of the Russian Federation.",
    "paragraph_index": 2,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "2. We  welcomed  the  participation  in  the  meeting  of  representatives  from  the  Food  and Agriculture  Organization  (FAO)  of  the  United  Nations,  the  World  Food  Programme  (WFP),  the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the World Bank (WB), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN), and the APEC Business Advisory Council (ABAC).",
    "paragraph_index": 3,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "3. Since the First APEC Ministerial Meeting on Food Security in Niigata in 2010, the situation in the field of food security has remained an issue of high importance. In 2011 the FAO Food Price Index averaged 228 points, which exceeds its maximum value during  the  food  crisis  of  2007-",
    "paragraph_index": 4,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "20081. According  to  OECD  –  FAO  estimates,  agricultural  commodity prices will remain high and volatile until 20202, making it even more difficult to enhance food security. The  number  of  undernourished  people  in  the  world  is  still  high  –  925  million  in  2010  in comparison  with  780  million  in  the  late  1990s3.  According  to  recent  UN  estimates,  the  global population  is  estimated  to  reach  9.3  billion  by  20504,  requiring  more  efforts  to  raise  global  food production,  and  increase  the  efficiency  of  domestic  and  international  markets.  The  situation  of  food insecurity  in  this  region  was  further  compounded  by  the  increasing  frequency  of  natural  disasters often tied with global warming and extreme weather conditions.",
    "paragraph_index": 5,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "4. We  welcomed  the  Policy  Partnership  on  Food  Security  (PPFS)  established  in  2011  to provide  fuller  integration  of  ABAC  as  well  as  relevant  private  sector  and  public  sector  stakeholders into APEC food security efforts in a more substantive manner; and we supported the long-term goal set by the PPFS to attain a food system structure by 2020 that would be sufficient to provide lasting food  security  to  the  economies  of  the  region.  We  are  pleased  to  note  that  Kazan  hosted  the  first meeting  of  the  Partnership  and  we  expressed  hope  that  this  new  entity  will  be  the  primary  APEC consultative forum for consideration of food security policies.",
    "paragraph_index": 6,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "5. We  reaffirmed  that  APEC  economies  would  collectively  pursue  the  shared  goals  of  (i) sustainable  development  of  the  agricultural  sector,  and  (ii)  facilitation  of  investment,  trade  and markets in the Niigata Declaration on Food Security.  We further reiterated our support for the Rome Principles on Sustainable Global Food Security. In the follow-up of the Niigata Declaration, we agreed that  to  strengthen  food  security  at  the  present  stage,  it  is  necessary,  inter  alia,  to  focus  on  the following issues: • • • • • increasing agricultural production and productivity; facilitating trade and developing food markets; enhancing food safety and quality; improving access to food for socially vulnerable groups of population; ensuring  sustainable  ecosystems  based  management  and  combating Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing and associated trade. Illegal, Increasing agricultural production and productivity",
    "paragraph_index": 7,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "6. Increasing  agricultural  production  on  a  sustainable  basis  is  an  essential  factor  of  lasting food security in the APEC region. To achieve sustainable agricultural growth, it is necessary to raise agricultural productivity and decrease post-harvest losses, primarily through boosting investment and 1 actively adopting innovative technologies in agriculture. The economies need to respond appropriately to environmental risks such as climate change, to work collaboratively to prevent the global spread of animal  and  plant  pests  and  diseases  that  impact  production,  to  promote  efficient  utilization  of agricultural inputs and natural resources in particular land, water and biodiversity, to engage farmers including women, and to strengthen natural disaster preparedness and resilience, in the most suitable manner  to  specific  regions,  considering  the  diversity  of  environmental  conditions  world-wide  and positive externalities of agriculture. We appreciated the efforts made by APEC members through the work  of  Agricultural  Technical  Cooperation  Working  Group  (ATCWG)  and  Industrial  Science  and Technology  Working  Group  (ISTWG)  in  carrying  out  the  Niigata  Action  Plan  on  Food  Security  to enhance  agricultural  productivity  and  resilience  to  climate  change  in  the  region.  We  welcomed  the efforts of the G20 under the Mexican Presidency to tackle sustainable agricultural productivity growth and bridging the gap for smallholder farmers.",
    "paragraph_index": 8,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "7. High  food  prices  contribute  to  attracting  investment  in  agriculture  in  the  long  run.  We recognized  the  need  to  create  an  enabling  environment  to  encourage  increased  public  and  private investment in agriculture, the key role of responsible private investments, taking note of the catalytic role of public investment that can create appropriate conditions for farmers and other investors. We also recognized an important role for public-private partnership in the field of investment and called on the  PPFS  to  pay  close  attention  to  this  issue.  While  most  required  infrastructure  investment  in developing  economies  derives  from  public  budget  and  resources,  we  agreed  to  pursue  more sustainable  infrastructure  investment  for  agriculture  from  public-private  partnership  initiatives.  We believe  it  is  necessary  to  elaborate  recommendations  in  the  framework  of  the  Partnership  on improving the business climate in APEC economies.",
    "paragraph_index": 9,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "8. Taking  note  of  the  positive  role  of  foreign  direct  investment  on  increasing  agricultural production,  productivity  and  job  creation  in  recipient  economies,  we  appreciated  the  Principles  for Responsible Agricultural Investment (PRAI) elaborated by the World Bank, FAO, IFAD and UNCTAD, and  we  supported  the  ongoing  extensive  consultations  on  these  principles  launched  within  the framework  of  the  Committee  on  World  Food  Security  (CFS).  We  welcomed  the  approval  of  the Voluntary Guidelines for the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests (VG) by  the  CFS.  We  also  welcomed  ongoing  works  of  the  international  organizations  to  identify  best practices  of  responsible  agricultural  investment,  in  particular  pilot  projects  to  field  test  and operationalize PRAI. We encouraged private investment be carried out in a responsible manner with VG and PRAI being taken into account.",
    "paragraph_index": 10,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "9. Since  land,  water  and  other  natural  resources  are  limited,  it  is  especially  important  to encourage  the  safe  development  and  application  of  innovative  agricultural  technologies,  including: new high yield varieties of cultivated plants resistant to pests, diseases and climate change; improving animal genetics; the development of biotechnologies; extension services; adaptation of effective pest and disease management measures; and use of resource saving technologies and equipment. This requires a significant increase of long-term investment into agricultural research and development. According  to  estimates  of  the  International  Food  Policy  Research  Institute  (IFPRI),  such investment  should  be  increased  more  than  threefold  by",
    "paragraph_index": 11,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "2025. It  also  requires  a  commitment  to facilitate  appropriate  access  to  genetic  and  genomic  data,  scholarly  publications,  and  germplasm collections,  and  to  support  the  International  Treaty  on  Plant  Genetic  Resources  for  Food  and Agriculture  (ITPGRFA)  for  conservation  and  sustainable  use  of  plant  genetic  resources.  We encourage  APEC  economies  to  facilitate  such  access  to  the  extent  allowed  by  their  laws  and regulations.  We  welcomed  the  focus  of  G20  and  FAO  on  the  issue  of  agricultural  research  and innovations.  In  particular,  we  supported  the  efforts  made  by  the  Mexican  Presidency  of  the  G20  on giving  the  priority  to  strengthening  R&D  coordination  and  cooperation,  encouraging  collaborative agricultural research through the mechanism of public-private partnerships.",
    "paragraph_index": 12,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "10. We  agreed  that  it  was  necessary  to  increase  support,  including  funding,  for  agricultural research  and  development  of  innovative  technologies  through  domestic  and  multilateral  agricultural research  systems.  To  strengthen  these  systems,  it  is  important  to  strengthen  domestic  research institutes  and  innovation  centers  in  each  member  economy,  to  establish  new  centers  if  necessary, and to enhance capacity building activities for researchers in developing member economies. We also agreed that it was necessary to improve the agricultural research system by engaging all stakeholders including farmers. We noted the importance of disseminating and utilizing innovative technologies by 2 farmers  in  an  efficient,  effective  and  market  driven  manner.  We  supported  better  coordination  and interaction  among  domestic  research  institutes  and  innovation  centers,  in  particular  through  the Consultative  Group  on  International  Agricultural  Research  (CGIAR)  and  the  Global  Forum  on Agricultural Research (GFAR). We also noted the importance of interaction among research institutes and innovation centers of APEC economies through a regional network of such institutes and centers so  that  they  could  exchange  information  and  research  results,  and,  in  cases  of  mutual  interest, collectively  develop  and  introduce  innovative  technologies.  We  supported  discussions  in  relevant APEC  fora  of  the  measures  aimed  at  providing  farmers  and  local  communities  with  knowledge  and practical research outcomes related to innovative agricultural technologies which are consistent with Annex A of the Honolulu Declaration. We also supported elaboration of measures on using innovative technologies to mitigate and adapt  to  the  impact  of  climate  change  on  agricultural  development  and  quality  of  products.  In  this regard, we welcomed collaborative work of the Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases (GRA), and encouraged APEC economies to enhance their engagement with this initiative.",
    "paragraph_index": 13,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "11. Recognizing  that  agricultural  biotechnologies  are  useful  for  increasing  agricultural production and productivity, we agreed to promote more intense development and capacity building in the  area  of  agricultural  biotechnologies,  harmonization  of  regulations  in  the  field  of  biotechnologies, science based risk assessment related to agricultural biotechnology, and to improve transparency in decision-making.  We  reaffirmed  our  commitment  to  support  implementation  of  the  Action  Plan: Facilitating  Trade  in  Products  Derived  from  Innovative  Agricultural  Technologies  in  order  to  fulfill APEC  Ministers’  commitment  made  at  the  APEC  Ministerial  Meeting  (AMM)  held  on  November  11,",
    "paragraph_index": 14,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "2011. We  instructed  the  High  Level  Policy  Dialogue  on  Agricultural  Biotechnology  (HLPDAB)  to participate directly in this work including on the low level presence of genetically modified crops. We also  supported  reviewing  implementation  of  recommendations  of  the  Innovative  Agricultural Technology Forum (September 2011) and elaborating proposals for further actions in this field.",
    "paragraph_index": 15,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "12. Taking into account the fact that our region is particularly prone to natural disasters, we underscored  the  importance  of  strengthening  APEC’s  agenda  on  disaster  preparedness  and  for  the recovery of agricultural production and the food supply chain. Facilitating trade and developing food markets",
    "paragraph_index": 16,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "13. A  strategy  of  strengthening  food  security  can  only  be  effective  if  it  is  based  on  fair  and market  oriented  trade.  Therefore,  we  agreed  that  one  of  the  key  objectives  in  the  food  sector  is combining efforts to search for efficient ways and tools needed for formation and development of food markets.",
    "paragraph_index": 17,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "14. Agricultural trade plays a key role in achieving food security. To this end, we reconfirmed the  value  of  an  open  and  rules-based  multilateral  trading  system  under  the  framework  of  the  WTO, which provides predictability and stability in agricultural trade. We agreed on the need to sustain the benefits  of  globalization  and  open  markets,  highlighting  the  crucial  importance  of  encouraging science-based  standards,  rejecting  protectionism  and  encouraging  the  development  of  regionally integrated markets. We have to ensure the steady supply of food flow in the world market while working towards a longer  term  stabilization  of  food  supply,  thus  enhancing  productivity  and  ensuring  regional  food security. Recognizing that bans and other restrictions on the export of food may cause price volatility, especially for economies that rely on imports of staple products, we reconfirmed the commitments on protectionism made by APEC Leaders.",
    "paragraph_index": 18,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "15. We  noted  that  mitigating  the  impacts  of  excessive  food  price  volatility  can  assist  in strengthening global food security. Effective food market monitoring and the exchange of reliable and up-to-date  data  and  information  on  production  volumes,  consumption,  trade  and  food  reserves  will help enhance market transparency and predictability, and mitigate the volatility of food prices. We  appreciated  the  efforts  of  Japan  on  elaborating  and  launching  the  Asia-Pacific  Food Security  Information  Platform  (APIP)  in  March",
    "paragraph_index": 19,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "2012. We  also  welcomed  the  Action  Plan  on  Food Price Volatility and Agriculture adopted by the G20 Ministers of Agriculture in June 2011 in Paris and 3 its measures, including the establishment of the Agricultural Market Information System (AMIS). We agreed  to  consider  opportunities  for  cooperation  between  AMIS  and  APIP,  starting  with:  the establishment  of  links  between  the  two  systems;  participation  of  APEC  economies  that  are  beyond G20  and  AMIS  in  the  two  information  systems;  and  opportunities  for  further  development  of  a common information system in terms of better functionality, availability, and coverage of more various agricultural commodities markets. We highly appreciated the new initiatives of the ASEAN region to create a new pilot forum on food such as the ASEAN Rice Trade Forum.",
    "paragraph_index": 20,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "16. We noted the importance of transparency and WTO-consistent market regulations as an essential  mechanism  to  enhance  agricultural  trade  and  lower  volatility  risk.  We  suggested  that  the APEC Finance Ministers discuss transparency and WTO-consistent market regulations of agricultural financial  markets  with  due  account  for  the  activities  of  G20  and  the  International  Organization  of Securities Commissions in this area.",
    "paragraph_index": 21,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "17. Development  of  food  markets  infrastructure  and  their  better  logistical  support  are important for the general development and mutual integration of markets, and help cut losses along the  whole  food  supply  chain.  We  noted  the  importance  of  attracting  targeted  investment  in  the development of food market infrastructure and more advanced post-harvest management, elaborating approaches  to  improving  the  operation  of  food  supply  chains,  including  through  the  development  of modern  supply  chains  -  the  value  chains.  We  confirmed  the  importance  of  APEC  as  a  platform  for technical cooperation and funding to economies in the field of food market infrastructure development, and  post-harvest  losses  reduction  along  the  whole  food  supply  chain  -  from  production  to consumption. Enhancing food safety and quality",
    "paragraph_index": 22,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "18. We noted that APEC economies had made significant progress in adopting international standards  on  sanitary  and  phyto-sanitary  (SPS)  measures  as  well  as  technical  regulations  on  food safety and quality as developed by the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC). The achieved results strengthen food supply chains in the region and provide new opportunities for developing trade in safe and quality food. We emphasized the importance of encouraging the further development of mutual understanding  and  recognition  among  economies  regarding  the  benefits  of  harmonizing  domestic regulations with international standards.",
    "paragraph_index": 23,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "19. We  appreciated  the  effective  and  multi-faceted  work  of  the  Food  Safety  Cooperation Forum (FSCF) and its Partnership Training Institute Network (PTIN). To improve domestic systems of food safety regulation, it is necessary to better align domestic regulations to international standards, strive to minimize food safety incidents, implement preventive control measures, and build laboratory capacity.  We  acknowledged  the  establishment  of  PTIN  training  modules  on  supply  chain  and  good manufacturing  practices,  more  active  interaction  within  the  International  Food  Safety  Authorities Network (INFOSAN), and increased dialogue and capacity building initiatives in regard to laboratory proficiency.  We  supported  the  creation  of  the  World  Bank  Global  Food  Safety  Partnership  (GFSP) and encouraged APEC economies to support the GFSP and its multi-donor trust fund, which will be housed  at  the  World  Bank  and  will  harness  contributions  from  both  the  public  and  private  sector  to fund GFSP activities. Improving access to food for socially vulnerable groups of population",
    "paragraph_index": 24,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "20. The  objective  of  food  security  is  not  only  to  facilitate  the  accessibility  of  nutritious  and sufficient  food  for  people,  but  also  to  provide  economic  and  physical  access  to  food  for  socially vulnerable groups, including those facing emergency food needs due to natural disasters. We urged the  economies  to  intensify  dialogue  and  cooperation  on  this  issue,  to  strengthen  sustainable  social protection and social safety nets, to continue searching for new sets of tools to improve them within domestic strategies, to actively engage the collaborative research potential, technical support and aid from  the  FAO,  World  Bank  and  World  Food  Programme  (WFP),  and  other  appropriate  international and regional specialized governmental and non-governmental organizations to achieve this goal.",
    "paragraph_index": 25,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "21. In this regard, we encouraged the exchange of best practices on the provision of food for vulnerable  populations,  including  through  social  and  school  feeding,  the  development  of  local 4 agricultural production in areas of comparative advantage, procurement systems, and the processing industry.  We  recommended  that  this  topic  should  be  included  in  the  agenda  of  the  ATCWG,  PPFS and other relevant APEC bodies. We agreed to work together and tasked ATCWG, Emergency Preparedness Working Group (EPWG) and ISTWG to enhance the regional capacity to mitigate, prepare for, respond to and recover from  disasters.  We  appreciate  the  feasibility  study  on  establishing  the  APEC  Food  Emergency Response  Mechanism  (AFERM)  and  anticipate  a  follow-up  proposal  to  explore  feasible  approaches that would complement existing mechanisms. Ensuring  sustainable  ecosystems  based  management  and  combating Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing and associated trade",
    "paragraph_index": 26,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "22. In the follow-up of the main provisions of the Seoul Oceans Declaration (2002), the Bali Plan of Action (2005) and the Paracas Declaration (2010), we noted the extreme importance of the sustainable  management  of  marine  ecosystems,  fisheries  and  aquaculture,  and  combating  IUU fishing and associated trade. For many economies of the APEC region, fisheries and aquaculture are significant components of social and economic wellbeing and contribute significantly to food security. In  recent  decades,  global  fishing  has  faced  serious  problems  –  degradation  of  the  marine environment,  overexploitation,  and  IUU  fishing  have  damaged  marine  ecosystems  and  depleted fisheries resources.",
    "paragraph_index": 27,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "23. We recognized the importance of strengthening partnerships on a bilateral and multilateral basis  on:  combating  IUU  fishing  and  associated  trade  as  well  as  destructive  fishing  practices; improving  capture  fisheries  management  and  sustainable  aquaculture  practices;  implementing ecosystems  based  management  approaches;  reducing  excess  fishing  capacity;  enhancement  of transparency  in  fishing  regulations;  and  promoting  contributions  of  small  scale  fisheries  and aquaculture  to  food  security.  In  this  context,  we  requested  Senior  Officials  and  the  Ocean  and Fisheries Working Group (OFWG) to promote cooperation and exchange information concerning IUU fishing  and  management  measures  applied  by  the  Regional  Fisheries  Management  Organizations (RFMOs) and other relevant organizations.",
    "paragraph_index": 28,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "24. We stressed the importance of facilitating sustainable, open and fair trade in products of fisheries  and  aquaculture.  We  also  emphasized  the  need  to  enhance  cooperation  to  combat  IUU fishing,  to  effectively  manage  marine  fisheries  and  sustainably  develop  aquaculture  production,  to promote  strengthening  of  food  security  and  to  develop  interactions  with  international  organizations, financial institutions and private sector. Follow-up",
    "paragraph_index": 29,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "25. We noted the progress in carrying out the Niigata Declaration on APEC Food Security and supported the importance of continuing to conduct reviews of the implementation of the Niigata Action Plan.  We  requested  that  the  APEC  Secretariat  take  stock  of  the  Action  Plan  implementation.  The analysis of the results should take into account both achievements and concerns, and be transmitted to APEC economies, including through APIP.",
    "paragraph_index": 30,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2012,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "26. We welcomed the success of the Second APEC Ministerial Meeting on Food Security and expressed our sincere gratitude to the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Republic of Tatarstan for the warm welcome and excellent organization of the Ministerial Meeting. 1 FAO Food Price Index – March 2012 2 OECD – FAO (2011) OECD – FAO Agricultural Outlook 2011 – 2020 3 FAO (2010) The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2010 4 UNFPA (2011) State of World Population 2011 5",
    "paragraph_index": 31,
    "filename": "12_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2014,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "Third APEC Ministerial Meeting on Food Security Beijing Declaration on APEC Food Security Beijing China, 19th September 2014 Preamble",
    "paragraph_index": 1,
    "filename": "14_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2014,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "1. We,  the  APEC  Ministers  responsible  for  Agriculture  and  Food,  met  in  Beijing,  China,  on  19th September  2014,  at  the  invitation  of  Mr.  Han  Changfu,  Minister  of  Agriculture  of  the  People’s Republic of China and Mr. Ren Zhengxiao, Administrator of the State Administration of Grain of the People’s Republic of China.",
    "paragraph_index": 2,
    "filename": "14_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2014,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "2. We  welcome  the  participation  in  the  meeting  of  representatives  from  the  Secretariat  of  the Association  of  Southeast  Asian  Nations  (ASEAN),  the  Pacific  Economic  Cooperation  Council (PECC), the Pacific Islands Forum (PIF), the APEC Business Advisory Council (ABAC) and the APEC Secretariat.",
    "paragraph_index": 3,
    "filename": "14_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2014,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "3. Food security is of primary importance to the Asia-Pacific region because it is home to a large proportion of the world’s hungry people. Hence, reducing food insecurity in the region can reduce global food insecurity. According to the latest estimates by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO),  842  million  people  in  the  world—one  eighth  of  the  world’s  population—suffered  from chronic hunger in 2011–2013, not able to have enough food and sufficient access to food for an active  and  healthy  life.  The  vast  majority  of  the  world’s  hungry  people  (827  million)  live  in developing countries, mainly countries in South Asia, East Asia and Sub Saharan Africa. Being home to 65.6%1  of the global hungry population, Asia has the largest number of hungry people across  all  regions:  552  million  or  13.5%  of  its  total  population;  if  the  food  security  of  the Asia-Pacific region is undermined, it will have a significant impact on global food security. APEC has  both  economies  that  are  highly  dependent  on  international  markets  for  food  supply  and economies that are major food exporters. Therefore, it is imperative to build stronger cooperation among  APEC  member  economies  to  support  food  security,  which  will  play  an  important role  in promoting regional and global food security.",
    "paragraph_index": 4,
    "filename": "14_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2014,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "4. We recognize the importance of post-2015 UN development agenda to fight against hunger and poverty  with  shared  responsibility  and  sustainable  development.  The  APEC  region  has  great 1  FAO (2013): The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2013 1 potential  to  improve  its  food  security  through  concerted  cooperation  among  its  member economies;  all  actions  taken  should  be  consistent  with  international  commitments.  We  fully support  the Xiamen Declaration  of  the  APEC  Ocean-Related  Ministers  to  focus  on  the  role  of oceans in food security. APEC economies have given high priority to the issue of agriculture and food  and  built  a  solid  foundation  for  agricultural  exchange  and  cooperation  under  various multilateral  and  bilateral  frameworks:  APEC  established  the  Agricultural  Technical  Cooperation Expert Group (ATCEG) in 1996 and officially renamed it as the Agricultural Technical Cooperation Working  Group  (ATCWG)  in  2000,  which  has  enhanced  information  and  experience  sharing among economies; APEC Food Safety Cooperation Forum (FSCF) was established in 2007 and its Partnership Training Institute Network (PTIN) was established in 2008 to encourage regulatory cooperation and dialogue on food safety and deliver food safety capacity building to improve food safety in the region; the Oceans and Fisheries Working Group (OFWG) was established in 2011 following a  decision  to  merge  the  former  Marine  Resource Conservation  and  Fisheries  working groups (in operation since 1990 and 1991 respectively); the Policy Partnership on Food Security (PPFS)  was  established  in  2011  for  strengthening  public-private  cooperation  to  achieve  food security  goals  in  the  region;  and  the  High  Level  Policy  Dialogue  on  Agricultural  Biotechnology (HLPDAB)  was  established  to  progress  cooperation  on  biotechnology.  Ministers  of  APEC economies responsible for agriculture and food met in Niigata, Japan, in 2010, issuing the Niigata Declaration, and two years later, in Kazan, Russia issuing the Kazan Declaration, both of which contributed to regional food security. APEC economies are not only diverse in geography, climate, population, arable land, water resources, food production, crop mix, and biodiversity but also differ in  economic  development,  agricultural  science  and  technology,  and  food  consumption  habits. Therefore, we should strengthen cooperation in order to share knowledge, promote best practices and  sustainable  use  of  biodiversity,  and  seek  common  ground  to  build  an  open,  inclusive, mutually-beneficial  and  all-win  partnership  for  the  long-term  food  security  of  the  Asia-Pacific region, thereby contributing to global food security. I.  Boost  agricultural  productivity  and  food  production  and  availability  based  on  sustainable development, innovation, science and technology and an enabling economic environment",
    "paragraph_index": 5,
    "filename": "14_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2014,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "5. Currently,  the  world  including  the  Asia-Pacific  region  is  facing  ever  increasing  challenges, including  financial  crisis,  population  growth,  decreasing  availability  of  arable  land,  competing demands for resources and the impacts of climate change. The progress in agricultural science and  technology  and economic  development  is  the cornerstone  of  our  efforts  to  further  promote sustainable agricultural and food production to improve food security in the region. We recognize the  importance  of  non-distorting  and  stable  agricultural  and  economy-wide  policy  settings  that encourage agricultural productivity growth and economic development more broadly. Biodiversity on  land  and  in  aquatic  ecosystems  has  an  important  role  to  play  in  ensuring  food  availability. Appropriate  policies  and  production  techniques  to  promote  the  sustainable  development  of  the food sector and encourage a variety of healthy and nutritious food sources should be applied. 2 Facilitating agricultural production-oriented technical research and innovation",
    "paragraph_index": 6,
    "filename": "14_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2014,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "6. Given  that  some  APEC  economies  lack  advanced  technology,  we  support  development  of agricultural  policies  that  encourage  investment  in  food  production,  research  and  development; enhance capacity building activities for researchers particularly in developing member economies; and  facilitate  innovation  to  accelerate  the  development  of  new  technologies,  new  varieties  and new methods for grain and livestock production and aquaculture. Enabling agriculture to be more adaptive to climate change and resilient to disasters",
    "paragraph_index": 7,
    "filename": "14_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2014,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "7. Climate  change  threatens  agricultural  productivity  because  of  the  impacts  of  increasing temperatures,  changing  precipitation  patterns,  sea  level  rise,  and  frequency  and  changing patterns of extreme weather events, among other things. These impacts are already being felt in some  food-producing  areas.  Consequently,  there  is  an  increasingly  urgent  need  to  adapt agricultural systems to climate change and help agricultural communities become more resilient to droughts and floods, especially for smallholders. We recognize the importance of enhancing the assessment of the impacts of climate change and natural disasters; establishing monitoring and early  warning  systems  for  climate  change;  supporting  science  and  technology  innovation initiatives  that  can  address  climate  change;  and  attaching  importance  to  disaster  mitigation projects in agriculture. Governments should play a bigger role in policy development, information sharing, capacity building, disaster risk management and emergency management; they should also  make  efforts  to  increase  investment  in  environmentally  sound  farmland  irrigation  and drainage infrastructure, disastrous weather monitoring and early warning systems, and facilitate the development of agricultural  insurance and risk management tools, especially for small-scale producers  who  are  usually  impacted  the  most  and  have  the  least  resources  for  recovery. Governments  should  support  research  and  development  on  seeds  that  are  more  adaptive  to climate change and resilient to disasters and apply agricultural innovation to reduce the adverse effects of climate change. Promoting sound development of agricultural biotechnology",
    "paragraph_index": 8,
    "filename": "14_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2014,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "8. Research, development and application of agricultural biotechnology has played an important role in  sustainably  increasing  agricultural  productivity  and  ensuring  food  security.  We  recognize  the importance  of  continuing  to  support  agricultural  biotechnology;  supporting  the  development, improvement and adoption of relevant laws and regulations; encouraging research institutions to carry  out  research  and  development  in  agricultural  biotechnology;  enhancing  the  research  in safety  and  reliability  of  biotechnology;  developing  risk-based  control  mechanisms  and  remedial measures against human health, environmental and other risks. Facilitating adoption, utilization, extension and transfer of agricultural technologies 3",
    "paragraph_index": 9,
    "filename": "14_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2014,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "9. Effective adoption, utilization, extension and transfer of new agricultural technologies contribute to improving  agricultural  productivity.  We  recognize  the  need  to  better  facilitate  the  adoption, utilization,  extension  and  transfer  of  agricultural  technologies  on  mutually  agreed  terms  by developing  supporting  policies  and  measures.  Efforts  could  especially  be  made  to  promote science and law and evidence-based approval of new agricultural technologies as well as risk and benefit  communication  of  agricultural  technologies.  We  recognize  that  we  should  also  better engage  markets  in  the  process  of  agricultural  technology  utilization  and  extension,  and  allow markets  to  play  their important  role  in  technology  transfer  with  appropriate  Intellectual  Property Rights protection. Efforts could be made to enhance capacity building for rural labor, especially smallholders, in the application of such technologies. APEC economies will strive to promote the exchange of experiences and public policies that allow the efficient adoption, utilization, extension and transfer of agricultural technologies on mutually agreed terms, which can help to reduce the gap between agricultural  research  and  the  need  of  enhancing  agricultural  productivity  and  food production. Accelerating transformation and upgrading of the agricultural industry and promoting sustainable agricultural development",
    "paragraph_index": 10,
    "filename": "14_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2014,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "10. We  should  focus  on  promoting  the  sustainable  intensification  of  agricultural  production.  We recognize that we should actively prevent desertification and attach importance to soil and water conservation,  water  resources  allocation,  and  land  rehabilitation.  We  recognize  the  need to develop common understanding on sustainable land use and agricultural practices, taking into account agricultural and climate conditions and soil potential. We should focus the international community’s attention on the fact that healthy soils and sustainable land use are prerequisites for human  welfare  and  economic  prosperity,  thereby  playing  an  integral  role  for  sustainable development.  Meanwhile,  we  should  also  fully  support  the  principle  advocated  by  FAO:  to support  smallholders  in  their  farming  activities  and  assist  rural  cooperatives  in  boosting smallholder production so  as to  reduce  rural  poverty  and  hunger.  In  addition,  we  welcome  the work  of  the  International  Fund  for  Agricultural  Development  (IFAD)  on  supporting  the development of smallholders in their farming activities. While recognizing the critical contribution of  all  farmers  to  increased  productivity  and  global  food  security,  we  share  the  view  that  it  is necessary to recognize the crucial role of smallholder farmers and the need to strengthen farmers’ cooperation in order to ensure their voices are heard.",
    "paragraph_index": 11,
    "filename": "14_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2014,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "11. We  therefore  should  strengthen  the  technical  and  skill  training  for  rural  labor,  especially smallholders,  to  raise  agricultural  productivity  and  farmers’ income; adapt  agricultural  research and  development  in  a  way  that  helps  improve  output  and  economic  benefits  while  paying attention to quality and the environment. Avoiding negative externalities, and enhancing overall competitiveness  of  the  agricultural  industry  through  the  global  development  of  the  food  value chain,  we  will  work  to  strengthen  our  efforts  in  improving  agricultural  productivity  to  promote sustainable agricultural development. 4 II. Improve post-harvest management2  to reduce food loss Improving management of food supply chain",
    "paragraph_index": 12,
    "filename": "14_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2014,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "12. The  establishment  of  stable  and  reliable  supply  chains  in  APEC  economies  will  contribute  to giving consumers timely and convenient access to safe food and contribute to trade facilitation in the region. We recognize the need to support the establishment and  improvement of safe food supply  chains,  strengthen  infrastructure  development,  improve  development  and  application  of storing,  processing  and  cold  chain  technologies,  and  enhance  management  of  food  and  food product labels. To enhance the status and role of agricultural producers, fishing communities and small businesses in the food supply chain, we encourage the establishment of communities of interests on food production and processing between farmers, fisherfolk and businesses, where farmers  and  fisherfolk  become  direct  beneficiaries  of  food  trade  and  value-added  processing through developing global food value chains. Enhancing the management of food safety and of food quality",
    "paragraph_index": 13,
    "filename": "14_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2014,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "13. Food security is achieved when all people have a sufficient supply of safe and  nutritious food. Food safety strengthens and complements food security. We recognize the need to strengthen the  management  of  food safety  through  alignment  with  internationally  accepted standards;  the development  and  refinement  of  risk  based  requirements;  and the  establishment  and improvement of early warning, traceability and recall systems. Food safety has a direct bearing on  the  nutrition  and  health  of  human  beings  and  we  share  the  importance  of  harmonization between  economy’s  food  standards  and  international  food  standards  as  elaborated  in  the framework of the Codex Alimentarius (Codex), the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) and initiatives of the FAO, WHO and WTO sanitary  and  phyto-sanitary  (SPS)  Agreements.  We  welcome  the  Action  Plan  to  Enhance Connectivity of APEC Food Standards and Safety Assurance developed by PPFS in 2014 and we  also  note  the  efforts  of  the  APEC  FSCF  and  welcome its  work  with  relevant  APEC  fora  to promote food safety.",
    "paragraph_index": 14,
    "filename": "14_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2014,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "14. Food quality is an important food production and manufacturing requirement, and can also be an important component of food security, i.e. the acceptability to consumers of the processing and ingredient  characteristics  of  food  related  to  dietary,  nutritional  or  medical  requirements.  We support  the  strengthening  of  the  private  sector’s  responsibility  and  capability  to  assure  food quality  through  production,  manufacture  and  distribution  consistent  with  accepted  international standards, such as those of the International Standards Organization (ISO) and specialized WTO technical barriers to trade (TBT). 2  The post-harvest stage includes food purchase, storage, processing, transportation, sales, distribution, consumption and other steps. 5 Reducing post-harvest loss and waste in food",
    "paragraph_index": 15,
    "filename": "14_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2014,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "15. According to FAO reports, one third of the food for human consumption is discarded or lost every year, which is a waste of the natural resources used for its production. If one quarter of the food lost or wasted around the world could be saved, it would be an amount sufficient to feed the 842 million undernourished people in the world. In developed economies, food waste often happens at retailing and consumption, while in developing economies it often takes place in production and processing, with the greatest impact on smallholders. We encourage all economies to enhance the  management  of  food  along  the  value  chain;  deepen  cooperation  in  development  of approaches to reduce post-harvest loss; promote food saving by raising consumers’ awareness so that food loss and waste can be reduced in the whole process from farm to table. We welcome the APEC Reduce Food Loss and Waste Action Plan developed by PPFS in 2014 for improving food  security  in  the  region,  which  helps  to  meet  the  Millennium  Development  Goals  2015  of eradicating  poverty  and  hunger.  We  recognize  the  importance  of  implementing  the  APEC Multi-Year  Project  on  Strengthening  Public-Private  Partnership  to  Reduce  Food  Loss  in  the Supply Chain and welcome the development of a methodology for data collection, establishment of  baseline  data,  toolkits  and  best  practices  to  reduce  post-harvest  loss.  All  economies  should promote the development and exchange of technologies on reducing food loss. III. Strengthen regional cooperation to promote food security Strengthening  research  and  development  cooperation  to  promote  sustainable  agricultural development",
    "paragraph_index": 16,
    "filename": "14_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2014,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "16. Faced  with  the  pressure  from  climate  change  and  resource  constraints,  we  determine  to continue  giving  the  ATCWG  a  leading  role  as  a  coordinating  group  and  further  strengthen cooperation, press ahead with the research, development and application of new technologies to increase  agricultural  productivity.  In  this  regard,  we  reiterate  our  support  for  enhanced coordination and interaction among local research institutes and innovation centers, in particular through  the  Consultative  Group  of  International  Agricultural  Research  (CGIAR)  and  the  Global Forum on Agricultural Research (GFAR).    In response to climate change, we will work together to strengthen information sharing and exchange, and jointly conduct research into new eco-friendly technologies, planting patterns and prevention and control of diseases and pests. We appreciate the collaborative work of the Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases (GRA) and reiterate the importance for APEC economies to enhance their engagement with the initiative. We note that the issue of internationally coordinated research and innovation to achieve a global transformative  productivity  lift  was  discussed  by  both  G-20  and  APEC  representatives  (who attended at the invitation of the Australian G20 presidency）during the June 19-20, 2014 Meeting of Agricultural Chief Scientists, in Brisbane, Australia. Strengthening cooperation in seed development 6",
    "paragraph_index": 17,
    "filename": "14_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2014,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "17. APEC  economies  are  equipped  with  a  great  diversity  of  plant  genetic  resources  for  food  and agriculture. At the same time, seed technology and capacity to develop new crops vary among APEC economies. Therefore, there is potential to enhance regional cooperation in plant breeding for the development of new and improved plant varieties for food security. We share a common understanding about the importance of enhancing information exchange and cooperation on plant breeding,  and  the  need  to  improve  cooperation  on  research  into  publicly-beneficial  and  key technological  areas  of  seed  development,  to  create  close  cooperation  partnerships  among  the seed  industry,  universities  and  research  institutes,  to  deepen  scientific  and  information  sharing with the seed industry through personnel training and improved    cooperation, and to share the seed industry’s experiences in research and technological innovation. Strengthening prevention and control of trans-boundary animal and plant diseases",
    "paragraph_index": 18,
    "filename": "14_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2014,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "18. We  encourage  working  together  to  enhance  regional  animal  and  plant  disease  management including  Invasive  Alien  Species  to  prevent  and/or  control  the  impacts  across  economies  and promote  agricultural  production  and  food  security.  We  determine  to  strengthen  communication and  cooperation  on  the  South  East  Asia  and  China  Foot  and  Mouth  Disease  (SEACFMD) Campaign and other multilateral and bilateral prevention and control mechanisms of animal and plant diseases. We welcome the work of IPPC and the Asia Pacific Plant Protection Commission (APPPC) on minimizing trans-boundary movements of plant diseases. We promote adherence to IPPC  and  OIE  standards.  Further,  we  determine  to  enhance  surveillance  and  early  warning information exchange as well as personnel training on trans-boundary animal and plant diseases; strengthen information exchange and cooperation on food safety of imports and exports as well as improve  policy  coordination,  information  sharing  and  cooperation.  Where  trans-boundary diseases exist  which also  threaten public  health  or  environmental health,  APEC  economies  will promote multidisciplinary “one health” coordination of surveillance, preparedness, detection and control activities to combat those animal diseases. Protecting and developing significant agricultural heritage and boosting modern agricultural and rural development",
    "paragraph_index": 19,
    "filename": "14_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2014,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "19. We  agree  that  APEC  should  promote  rural  development  policies  that  enhance  the  economic, social  and  cultural  wellbeing  of  communities  and  support  FAO’s  work  on  Globally  Important Agricultural Heritage Systems3. We recognize that we should promote the public understanding 3  In order to safeguard and support the world’s agricultural system, in 2002 FAO started an initiative for the dynamic conservation of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS). The GIAHS are defined as “Remarkable land use systems and landscapes which are rich in globally significant biological diversity evolving from the co-adaption of a community with its environment and its needs and aspiration for sustainable development. Looking to safeguard the social, cultural, economic and environmental goods and services these provide to family farmers, smallholders, indigenous peoples and local communities, the initiative fosters an integrated approach combining sustainable agricultural and rural development. 7 and awareness of agricultural heritage systems and share successful stories of management on agricultural heritage and typical models of rural development. We should promote “family farming” to be in line with the FAO campaign on the International Year of Family Farming which supports household  and  small-scale  farming,  increasing  role  of  young  farmers  and  women  in  the agricultural  sector,  balancing  agricultural  biodiversity,  stimulating  community  economics  and enhancing social safety nets. Strengthening exchange and cooperation on management of food supply chains",
    "paragraph_index": 20,
    "filename": "14_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2014,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "20. In order to increase agricultural productivity and to improve efficiency of food supply, we should focus  on  developing  global  food  value  chain  and  strengthening  exchange  and  cooperation  on technologies,  management  and  models  of  food  supply  chains  and  cold  chain  technologies; enhancing  the  dissemination  of  food  storage,  processing  and  management  technologies;  and boosting coordination of standards, regulations and regional inter-connectivity to lower the costs of logistics and trade as well as loss and waste during storage, transportation and consumption to improve the effective supply of food. We recognize that we should strengthen collaboration and coordination  among  APEC  economies,  public  and  private  sectors  in  charge  of  agriculture/food security, infrastructure and logistics for upgrading infrastructure such as cold chain to improve the management of the food supply chain. Enhancing policy coordination and cooperation on food security",
    "paragraph_index": 21,
    "filename": "14_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2014,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "21. In  order  to  enhance  the  policy  coordination  on  food  security  and  decrease  the  costs  of conducting  international  trade  of  food,  we  recognize  that  we  should  strengthen  exchange  and cooperation on food production, distribution and consumption through utilizing existing structures such as the Asia-Pacific Information Platform on Food Security (APIP); and conduct exchanges on inspection methods of imports and exports of food consistent with Codex Committee on Food Import  and  Export  Inspection  and  Certification  Systems.  We  welcome  the  collaboration  of  the public and private sectors in developing food security policies through PPFS. We should continue to  exchange  information  and  work  collaboratively  on  capacity  building  efforts.  We  note  the coordinated  efforts  of  the  public  and  academic  sectors  in  this  area  through  FSCF  PTIN  and relevant APEC working groups. We also recognize the important role of women in promoting food security. We should strengthen our cooperative work with other stakeholders in the private sector, non-government  and  international  organizations  to  achieve  practical  improvements  for  food security, especially through identification of and action to address barriers to women’s access to resources and economic participation. Liberalizing and facilitating agricultural trade and investment",
    "paragraph_index": 22,
    "filename": "14_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2014,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "22. Given  that  farmers  are  the  biggest  investors  in  the  agricultural  sector  (FAO,  2012),  APEC economies  are  encouraged  to  formulate  policies  and  measures  to  support  green  investment  in 8 agriculture in order to improve sustainable agricultural productivity and resilience. We reaffirm the importance of liberalizing and facilitating agricultural trade and investment in the APEC region. We recognize the important role for public-private partnership in the field of investment. We take note of the ongoing consultations on the Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems at the Committee on World Food Security (CFS). We are aware of the significant role of agricultural trade and investment in promoting global and regional food security. We call for open, WTO rule-based, fair and transparent agricultural trade and investment as well as trade facilitation based on internationally accepted standards to promote widespread accessibility of safe food in APEC economies. Recognizing that bans and other restrictions on the export of food may cause price  volatility, especially for economies  that  rely  on  imports  of staple products,  we  reaffirm  the commitments against protectionism made by APEC leaders. We support the outcomes related to agriculture  from  the  Ninth  World  Trade  Organization  Ministerial  Conference,  held  in  December, 2013 in Bali, Indonesia. We recognize that we should address food security concerns in a manner that does not distort trade or adversely affect the food security of other economies. Strengthening internal exchange and cooperation among APEC economies",
    "paragraph_index": 23,
    "filename": "14_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2014,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "23. We  support  APEC  Food  Security  Roadmap  towards  2020  (version  2014)  and  APEC  Food Security  Business  Plan  (2014-2020).  In  order  to  enhance  the  integrated  functions  of  the agriculture  and  food  working  groups  under  the  APEC  framework,  we  emphasize  strengthening exchanges and coordination among ATCWG, PPFS, the Committee on Trade and Investment, the FSCF and its PTIN, OFWG and HLPDAB to make new contribution to food security. 9",
    "paragraph_index": 24,
    "filename": "14_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "Fourth APEC Ministerial Meeting on Food Security Piura - Peru, 27 September 2016 Piura Declaration on APEC Food Security Preamble",
    "paragraph_index": 1,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "1. We,  the  APEC  Ministers  and  Heads  of  Delegation  responsible  for  food security,  met  in Piura, Peru, from 26 to 27 September 2016 under the chairmanship of Mr. José Manuel Hernández,  Minister  of  Agriculture  and  Irrigation  of  Peru,  to  discuss  policy  issues  to strengthen regional food security and to contribute to achieving a sustainable APEC Food System by",
    "paragraph_index": 2,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "2. We  welcome  the  participation  of  the  representatives  of  the  Food  and  Agriculture Organization  of  the  United  Nations  (FAO),  International  Potato  Center  (CIP)  and International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).",
    "paragraph_index": 4,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "3. Our  meeting  was  preceded  by  a  fruitful  dialogue  with  private  sector  representatives which helped inform our discussions.  We thank those representatives for joining us in Piura. We have heard their views and we look forward to continuing our engagement with business in addressing the challenge of ensuring food security in the region.",
    "paragraph_index": 5,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "4. We  recognize  the  key  role  that  food  security  plays  in  achieving  quality  growth  and prosperity in the region. In particular, we recall that, in 1999, APEC Leaders welcomed the Minister’s report on the APEC Food System proposed by the APEC Business Advisory Council (ABAC); and endorsed instructed to implement its recommendations, as a vital contribution to meeting APEC’s objectives.",
    "paragraph_index": 6,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "5. We bear in mind the Ministerial Declarations that paved the way for attaining regional food  security  issued  in  Niigata,  Japan  (2010);  in  Kazan,  Russia  (2012),  and  in  Beijing, China (2014). We also welcome the important contributions stemming from the Ocean- Related  Ministerial  Declarations  issued  in  Seoul,  Korea  (2002);  Bali,  Indonesia  (2005); Paracas, Peru (2010), and Xiamen, China (2014), as well as the Plan of Action of the High- Level Policy Dialogue on Food Security and Blue Economy held in Iloilo, the Philippines (2015).",
    "paragraph_index": 7,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "6. We  are  conscious  that  over  the  past  years  APEC  economies  have  attached  increasing importance to the food system and the food security agenda, linking farmers, fishers, food processers, and consumers to increase the agri-food sector’s contribution to APEC economies. We have created the Policy Partnership on Food Security (PPFS) and adopted a  series  of  documents,  including  but  not  limited  to  the  APEC  Food  Security  Road  Map Towards 2020; the APEC Food Security Business Plan (2014-2020); the APEC Action Plan for Reducing Food Loss and Waste, and the Action Plan to Enhance Connectivity of APEC Food  Standards  and  Safety  Assurance.  APEC  Economic  Leaders  have  welcomed  this progress and encouraged further implementation of these guiding documents.",
    "paragraph_index": 8,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "7. We value the work on food-related issues carried out during 2016 through APEC fora and sub-fora,  including  the  Policy  Partnership  on  Food  Security  (PPFS);  the  Agricultural Technical Cooperation Working Group (ATCWG); the Oceans and Fisheries Working Group (OFWG) and the High Level Policy Dialogue on Agricultural Biotechnology (HLPDAB). We also commend ABAC for its contributions to the food security agenda and take note of the 2015 establishment of its Asia Pacific Food Industry Forum (AP-FIF).",
    "paragraph_index": 9,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "8. We acknowledge the good work on trade and good regulatory practices carried out by Committee  on  trade  and  Investment  (CTI)  and  its  Sub-committee  on  Standards  and Conformance (SCSC). We also value the work done by the APEC Food Safety Cooperation Forum (FSCF) and its Partnership Training Institute Network (PTIN); that have contributed to the enhancement of food safety systems. Likewise, we take note of the food security issues  dealt  by  the  Policy  Partnership  on  Science,  Technology  and  Innovation  (PPSTI) related  to  climate  change,  and  look  forward  to  the  results  of  the  10th  Senior  Disaster 1 Management  Officials  Forum  on  “Emergency  Preparedness  for  Supply  Chain  and Emergency Food Security”.",
    "paragraph_index": 10,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "9. We highlight that the APEC region has great potential to improve its food security through concerted  cooperation  among  its  member  economies,  consistent  with  international commitments.  APEC  is  in  a  unique  position  to  support  and  encourage  economies  to expedite  the  implementation  of  the  United  Nations’  2030  Agenda  for  Sustainable Development, noting the direct relevance of a number of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for food security and poverty eradication. Overview, Challenges and Opportunities for Food Security in the Region",
    "paragraph_index": 11,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "10. Across  developing  APEC  economies,  there  has  been  a  major  transformation  of  the agricultural  and  food  security  landscape  due  to  such  trends  as  rapid  urbanization, availability of natural resources, changes in incomes, taste preferences, technological advances, dietary changes and food system transformation, which have had important implications  for  the  supply  and  demand  of  food.  These  trends  are  closely  linked,  and present immense opportunities and challenges for governments and the private sector that  could  impact  the  future  of  agricultural  production,  food  security,  rural development, poverty reduction, food markets and trade, and the environment. We are committed  to  expanding farming and  fisheries  opportunities  and  revitalizing  rural  and fisheries communities for sustainable development of food security.",
    "paragraph_index": 12,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "11. The global population will increase to 9.7 billion by 20501, which means 60% more food will be needed. At the same time, the world’s natural resources are under stress by land degradation, decreasing soil fertility, rising of agricultural water use, loss of biodiversity, and global fisheries pressure. In Asia-Pacific, a region that accounts for half of the world's cereal  production  and  over  40%  of  its  trade  volume,  production  growth  depends  on expanding  cultivable  areas,  productivity  growth  and  continuing  favorable  weather conditions. Production growth alone won’t be sufficient; we also need to improve the efficiency of the whole value chain.",
    "paragraph_index": 13,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "12. Sustainable aquaculture and fisheries are of key importance to food security in the region. APEC members account for over 80% of global aquaculture production and more than 65% of the world’s capture fisheries. APEC level of consumption is much higher than the world average,  as  well  as  comprises  9  of  the  10  top  fish  producers  in  the  world.  Likewise, aquaculture has become the fastest growing food-producing sector, which now accounts for almost 50% of global food fish for human consumption. At the same time, reducing post-harvest fish loss and waste remains a challenge.",
    "paragraph_index": 14,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "13. Furthermore,  the  region  also  faces  other  challenges  to  food  security,  including  the extreme  weather  events  intensified  by  climate  change,  aging  of  farmers  and  lack  of younger labor entering the sector combined with higher urban demand for safe, nutritious and varied food supply. These challenges underline the need for linkages between rural- urban areas.",
    "paragraph_index": 15,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "14. Across the APEC region, the food security of vulnerable groups is also under risk. A large proportion of the poor and undernourished populations live in rural areas, as many of them  depend  on  agriculture  and  rural  off-farm  activities  for  a  living.  Women  play  an important role in promoting productivity, improving availability, access, and utilization of food in these communities and throughout the supply chain. Therefore, food security policies need to incorporate inclusiveness and gender equality perspectives/balance to be more effective.",
    "paragraph_index": 16,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "15. We believe that APEC can contribute to addressing many of these challenges by taking steps  to  further  enhance  food  markets;  integrate  food  producers,  including  small farmers, fisher folk and micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), into domestic and 1 http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/news/population/2015-report.html. 2 global food supply and value chains; address chokepoints arising from infrastructure gaps, burdensome and unnecessary restrictive trade regulations; apply innovative techniques and  technology  to  improve  productivity  and  support  the  food  system;  and  reinforce capacity  building  and  increase  opportunities  for  women,  youth  and  other  vulnerable groups  in  agriculture,  fisheries  and  aquaculture,  and  other  domestic  and  region-wide collaboration and coordination on enhancing regional food security. Regional Food Market and Trade",
    "paragraph_index": 17,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "16. We recognize the importance of trade in improving food security through increased food availability. We reaffirm our shared commitment to the multilateral trading system under the  framework  of  the  World  Trade  Organization  (WTO)  and  support  the  outcomes, including  on  agriculture  contained  in  the  “Nairobi  Package”.  We  encourage  APEC members to implement these outcomes.",
    "paragraph_index": 18,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "17. We acknowledge that APEC’s primary mission includes championing open, and free trade and  investment,  promoting  economic  growth  and  integration,  as  well  as  encouraging economic and technical cooperation. Likewise, we recognize the importance of stable economy-wide  and  food  transparent  policy  settings  and  science-based  regulations  and practices in each economy to achieve well-functioning food markets, including through trade  facilitation,  and  enabling  policy  environment  for  greater  market  connectivity, which should increase the availability of safe and nutritious food supply to meet demand across the region.",
    "paragraph_index": 19,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "18. We  welcome  economies’  efforts  to  streamlining  customs  and  other  procedures  to disseminate timely and accurate information on food export and import requirements to facilitate  expanding  food  trade  and  food  security  in  the  region  and  we  encourage economies to continue this effort. We welcome progress in a number of pilot projects focused  on  the  use  of  global  data  standards  to  enhance  supply  chain  connectivity, integrity and security and to reduce the costs of food trade.",
    "paragraph_index": 20,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "19. We take note of ABAC’s research initiative to facilitate trade and identify factors acting as barriers that may inhibit trade, raise costs and reduce the availability of affordable and nutritious food choices for consumers; we will examine the results of this study once available. We instruct PPFS to continue exchanging views on this matter in 2017, to take concrete consensual steps for facilitation of trade in food.",
    "paragraph_index": 21,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "20. It is a cause for concern that, whilst extensive trade liberalization has taken place across many sectors in the APEC region, the Second Term Review of APEC’s Progress towards the Bogor Goals reveals that sectors related to agriculture still experience trade barriers across  the  region.  We  accordingly  encourage  economies  to  address  relevant  measures including non-tariff measures and non-tariff barriers.",
    "paragraph_index": 22,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "21. We support business models that promote smallholders’ associativity and market access to strengthen their overall competitiveness in the food value chain. We will exchange expertise  on  successful  development  of  food  business linkages  and  building entrepreneurial  capacity  for  smallholders,  family  farmers,  smallscale  fishers  and  food MSMEs.",
    "paragraph_index": 23,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "22. We  support  international  food  related  standards  setting  bodies  like  the  Codex Alimentarius Commission, International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) and the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). We acknowledge other related recommendations made  by  FAO  and  WHO  to  build  up  a  more  effective  international  food  safety  system and do not hinder trade. 3",
    "paragraph_index": 24,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "23. Recognizing  that  approaches  and  requirements  to  food  safety  may  differ  between economies  or  areas  within  them,  we  remain  committed  to  seek  and  develop  common ground for promoting strong science-based food safety systems that meet the legitimate objectives of protecting  human, animal and plant life or health whilst their application is as least trade restrictive as possible, consistent with WTO rights and obligations under agreements  such  as  the  Agreement  on  Technical  Barriers  to  Trade  (TBT)  and  the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Measures.  This should reinforce a more predictable, fair, transparent, and open global trading environment.",
    "paragraph_index": 25,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "24. We  acknowledge  the  private  sector’s  potential  capability  to  enhance  and  assure  food quality  demands  or  requirements  through  production,  manufacture  and  distribution  in line with voluntary standards such as those of the International Standards Organization (ISO).",
    "paragraph_index": 26,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "25. We value initiatives and capacity building activities to enhance food safety and quality control  systems,  develop  regulatory  roadmaps  for  export  certificates  and  pesticide maximum residue limits, encourage industry-regulator dialogue in the development of food  safety  regulations,  prepare  trainers  to  prevent  emerging  animal  diseases  and address  food  safety  concerns,  examine  differences  in  international  guidance  on  hand hygiene to identify gaps and develop resources to train food processing workers, enhance food  standards  connectivity  to  deepen  mutual  understanding  and  push  forward  the cooperation  to  facilitate  food  trade  and  raise  regional  food  security  within  APEC economies. We also encourage economies to consider preventive approaches to ensuring food safety and quality through collaborative public-private partnership. Sustainability for a Resilient Food System",
    "paragraph_index": 27,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "26. We recognize agriculture´s link to sustainable environmental management and the urgent need  to  protect,  conserve  and  sustainably  use  natural  resources.  Accordingly,  we encourage  APEC  economies  to  adopt  policies  and  expand  technical  and  economic cooperation  to  improve  governance,  foster  efficient  use  of  natural  resources,  ensure ecosystem integrity and enhance resilience.",
    "paragraph_index": 28,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "27. Water is a key driver of agricultural development and a basic element for maintaining the natural environment. Thus we encourage economies to share best practices in water use  and  governance,  considering  multi-sectoral  and  multi-level  perspectives.  We  will foster APEC cooperation for the sustainable use and the integrated management of water resources.",
    "paragraph_index": 29,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "28. We also call on economies to build on knowledge and experience to foster an integrated approach, which is able to support the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, provide sustainable practices and management systems, promote resilient and inclusive communities and secure economic returns and livelihoods, especially for family farming and fishing communities.",
    "paragraph_index": 30,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "29. Likewise,  since  the  sustainable  use  of  marine  fisheries  resources  and  sustainable practices in aquaculture are essential to food security, we encourage APEC economies to implement relevant fisheries conservation and management measures, including science- based  management  plans  in  order  to  restore  fish  stocks.  We  encourage  economies  to conserve  and  sustainably  manage  fish  habitats  and  coastal  and  marine  ecosystems,  to ensure  a  resilient  food  supply,  including  through  promoting  innovative  waste management solutions to prevent marine debris.",
    "paragraph_index": 31,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "30. We are determined to reinforce our cooperation to prevent, deter and eliminate illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing in the region, including by enhanced detection of  IUU  products  to  prevent  their  entry  into  trade.  We  reiterate  our  call  to  consider ratification and implementation of the FAO Port State Measures Agreement (PSMA).",
    "paragraph_index": 32,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "31. We  acknowledge  the  key  role  of  forests  to  help  reduce  carbon  emissions,  preventing desertification, land degradation and drought; fostering the conservation of biodiversity, 4 supporting watershed protection and producing food, which also allows the provision of important ecosystem services. We continue to promote sustainable forest management and improve forest governance, recognizing its contribution to food security.",
    "paragraph_index": 33,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "32. Climate  change  is  one  of  the  major  challenges  for  agricultural  growth,  fisheries production and food security. Therefore, we call on economies to strengthen our efforts to increase capabilities on climate change adaptation and mitigation suited to different economies. We commit to enhancing our cooperation on implementing climate friendly and resilient food systems. We recognize the potential of climate science in improving information services, and the need to improve agriculture and fisheries risk forecasting assessment  and  management.  We  value  a  multi-disciplinary  and  multi-stakeholder approach in this matter, in cooperation with the APEC Climate Center (APCC).",
    "paragraph_index": 34,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "33. We support initiatives on Sustainable Agricultural Development and welcome the efforts in organizing workshops on related topics in the next three years and having exchanges on  technologies  and  experience  as  well  as  mutual  learning.  We  support  dialogues  in exploring  new  approaches  that  promote  sustainable  agriculture  in  this  region.  In particular, we welcome the Framework for Multiyear APEC Program on Food Security and Climate Change and look forward to the preparation of its action plan in 2017, under the leadership of PPFS, in coordination with relevant sub-fora. Innovation and Technology",
    "paragraph_index": 35,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "34. We  encourage  member  economies  to  support  science  and  innovation  to  increase resilience,  mitigation  and  response  to  climate  change  and  natural  disasters.  We encourage broader regional collaboration on reducing disaster risks, improving adaptive capacity  in  food  industries  and  communities,  and  supporting  economies’  in  food emergency situations in order to maintain a stable food supply. We recommend that APEC Senior  Finance  Officials'  Meeting  (SFOM)  consider  exchanging  experience  on  best practices on disaster risk management and risk coping tools for smallholders.",
    "paragraph_index": 36,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "35. We  commit  to  developing  an  enabling  environment  to  leverage  the  role  of  multiple stakeholders, including governments, the private sector, civil society, research institutes and  producers,  in  advancing  research,  development  and  innovation  (RDI)  as  well  as extension programs and the adoption of better technologies to boost productivity and enhance resource efficiency. We encourage public agencies, academia and the private sector to carry out joint RDI and share laboratories and other facilities, knowledge and information, whenever possible, to advance food security in APEC.",
    "paragraph_index": 37,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "36. We value the work undertaken by ATCWG,  HLPDAB, OFWG, CTI, SCSC, FSCF/PTIN and WRF within APEC, and their role in sharing information and expertise in food innovation and  technology  and  improving  the  capacity  of  food  related  industries,  which  helps  to enhance food productivity. We encourage these sub-fora to foster coordinated innovation and joint research and the promotion of exchanges and sharing of know-how across the food system. In accordance with circumstances of economies, we should also facilitate the application of information and communications technologies (ICT) to better integrate agricultural and aquatic products in the food supply and value chains",
    "paragraph_index": 38,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "37. We acknowledge that agricultural biotechnology can help address the challenge of food security  and  promote  climate  resilient  agriculture.  We  acknowledge  that  agricultural biotechnology should be applied in accordance with domestic laws and regulations. We confirm  that  the  new  breeding  technologies  are  significantly  increasing  the  efficiency and precision of plant and animal breeding and are additional tools for the breeder. We commit  to  harnessing  scientific  innovations  that  address  common  challenges  for smallholder  farmers  and  we  recognize  that  access  to  these  technologies  will  benefit them. We encourage economies to share information, practices, experiences, resources and lessons regarding innovation, regulatory frameworks, risk-benefit assessments and science communication. We recognize the crucial role of science communication as one of the means to engage the public in informed decision-making in order to maximize the 5 benefits of biotechnology for improved resiliency, inclusive and sustainable growth and food security.",
    "paragraph_index": 39,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "38. We  value  the  work  carried  out  within  APEC  by  the  Agricultural  Technical  Cooperation Working Group (ATCWG), serving as forum to share information and best practices, to build capacity in the area of agriculture and its related industries, and to promote science and technology innovation in agriculture adapted to the regional context. We welcome initiatives from ATCWG.",
    "paragraph_index": 40,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "39. Given global population growth, we commit to improving food availability, to meet the demand for a safe, nutritious and varied food supply in the region. We support research on  food  supply  and  nutrition,  as  well  as  exchanging  best  practices  and  exploring cooperative  opportunities  among  APEC  member  economies  and international organizations. In particular, we will enhance efforts to ensure the availability of safe, nutritious and varied food for vulnerable groups. Rural-Urban Development",
    "paragraph_index": 41,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "40. In response to demographic changes, rapid urbanization, diet change and food system transformation, and conscious of the importance of socio-economic sustainability of both rural,  urban,  peri-urban  communities  to  achieve food  security, we  commit  to  adopt  a comprehensive  policy  approach  towards  rural-urban  development,  focusing  on  linking rural and peri-urban communities to urban centers. We also welcome efforts to share best practices and experiences of APEC economies in this matter.",
    "paragraph_index": 42,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "41. Family  and  small-scale  producers  play  a  central  role  in  food  systems,  managing  the majority  of  agricultural  land  and  fisheries,  producing  significant  amounts  of  food. Urbanization is also leading to growth in the volume of food moving through rural-urban value chains, creating important opportunities and challenges for economic growth and food  security.  Therefore,  we  will  pursue  empowering  smallholders  and  MSMEs  in agriculture and food systems, and value chains through enabling policy and regulatory environments,  extension  programs,  improved  laws  and  regulations  conducive  to  food system growth, human capital development, access to finance, investment in physical infrastructure and stimulating public-private partnerships to promote their integration into  domestic  and  global  food  value  chains.  We  acknowledge  that  connecting smallholders to local, regional and global markets has the potential to reduce poverty, raise incomes, improve food security and expand livelihood options.",
    "paragraph_index": 43,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "42. Conscious  that  gender  equality  and  the  participation  of  young  adults  are  essential  to increase productivity and incomes in agriculture, we should favor targeted interventions to empower them to overcome barriers that inhibit their ability to participate in the food system, as an attractive livelihood option for these groups. We recognize the reinforced efforts by APEC economies to better qualify women and young adults in the profession of farming.",
    "paragraph_index": 44,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "43. We  continue  to  support  the  work  carried  out  by  relevant  APEC  sub-fora  to  promote welfare  of  communities  and  employment  creation.    We  should  take  care  that  this protection and employment opportunities reach workers along the food system and may involve  complementary  activities,  such  as  rural  tourism  and  handicrafts  production, especially for smallholders, women and youth.",
    "paragraph_index": 45,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "44. Bearing  in  mind  that  urban  areas  receive  benefits  from  the  positive  externalities  of sustainable  agriculture  and  aquaculture  in  rural  areas,  including  conservation  of biodiversity  and  ecosystems  and  prevention  of  floods,  we  should  promote  farmland maintenance by smallholders and local communities, in a non-trade distorting way. We also acknowledge the valuable role of smallholders and family farming in protecting and enhancing agri-food heritage and locally adapted farming practices.",
    "paragraph_index": 46,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "45. We will also join efforts to contribute to the sustainable use of natural resources in rural agricultural systems, including outstanding landscapes and remarkable local knowledge 6 and experience, with special emphasis on land and water management, which provide social, cultural, economic, and environmental goods and services to small holders, family farmers, indigenous peoples and local communities. In this regard, we take note of FAO’s Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) initiative.",
    "paragraph_index": 47,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "46. We recognize that ICT have the potential to facilitate knowledge sharing, information dissemination  and  serve  as  monitoring  platforms  to  support  smallholder  and  family farmers’  activities  and  connect  them  to  suppliers,  producers,  traders  and  consumers. Effective application of these technologies will result in better integration and significant efficiency gains across the food system.",
    "paragraph_index": 48,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "47. Recalling the 2014 and the 2015 Leaders’ Declarations encouragement to further rural development  and  poverty  alleviation,  we  welcome  progress  that  could  contribute  to sustainable  and  inclusive  growth  as  part  of  our  concrete  commitment  to  rural development  and  poverty  alleviation.  In  this  regard,  we  take  note  of  activities implemented in 2016 on inclusive business for rural development and poverty alleviation.",
    "paragraph_index": 49,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "48. We  welcome  the  establishment  of  the  APEC  Strategic  Framework  on  Rural-Urban Development to Strengthen Food Security and Quality Growth and look forward to the preparation of its action plan in 2017, under the leadership of PPFS, in coordination with relevant sub-fora. Infrastructure, Investment and Services for Food Security",
    "paragraph_index": 50,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "49. We  recognize  the  critical  role  of  investment  and  infrastructure  development  for  food access  and  availability.  Therefore,  we  will  take  steps  to  promote  an  enabling environment  for  investment  in  transport,  connectivity,  logistics  and  other  enabling services to improve farming and the linkage of retailing markets, especially in rural and secondary cities and within the APEC region. We acknowledge the implementation of the Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems endorsed by the Committee on World Food Security (CFS). We welcome initiatives for capacity building and  dissemination  of  information  on  planned  investment  projects  in  the  region.  We recognize the importance of providing effective means and procedures with respect to investment under laws and regulations of each economy.",
    "paragraph_index": 51,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "50. Considering  the  unprecedented  pressure  on  freshwater  resources,  critical  for  human consumption,  development  and  food  production,  we  encourage  public-private partnerships to foster investment in quality infrastructure, technologies and services, for integrated water resources management, in order to ensure the availability, affordability and access, and appropriate use of water.",
    "paragraph_index": 52,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "51. Furthermore, we should take further actions and implement innovative technologies, and proper infrastructure to reduce post-harvest food loss and waste, including better storage and cold chain facilities. We welcome the launch of a web-based APEC Cold Chain Forum in cooperation with APEC and the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA), and encourage them to discuss issues regarding food loss and waste across the food value chain in the context of processing, storage, cold chains and packaging, including policy and technology. We also  call  on  the  PPFS  to  develop  and  implement  an  action  plan  for  facilitation  on investment and infrastructure for food security in the coming years.",
    "paragraph_index": 53,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "52. We  call  on  economies  to  put  in  place  robust  policy  settings  and  foster  infrastructure development to minimize food loss and waste and to seek sustainable food production and trade, including through the use of effective cold chain and other technologies, as well  as  through  public-private  partnerships  and  cross-border  cooperation.  Most importantly, we call for economies to continue to advance the implementation of the APEC Action Plan for Reducing Food Loss and Waste and value the progress of the APEC Food  Losses  Multi-Year  Project. We  encourage  member  economies  to  strengthen communication and cooperation on food loss and waste reduction strategies, share best practices and call on all stakeholders to make significant efforts to reduce food waste, 7 improve its management and educate consumers to avoid waste. We also acknowledge the  Technical  Platform  on  the  Measurement  and  Reduction  of  Food  Loss  and  Waste coordinated by FAO and IFPRI. Toward an APEC Food System 2020",
    "paragraph_index": 54,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "53. We commit to strengthen the Policy Partnership on Food Security (PPFS) through a review of its results, process improvement and governance in order to ensure that it remains effective  and  relevant.  We  also  instruct  the  PPFS  to  continue  cooperating  with  other relevant APEC sub fora, and international fora.",
    "paragraph_index": 55,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "54. We emphasize that enhanced and more effective participation from the private sector with all other stakeholders, is crucial in the PPFS process.  We urge all APEC economies to  encourage  and  enable  such  participation  and  encourage  the  PPFS  to  foster  private sector engagement for food security by taking due account and to seek to address the concerns and priorities of the private sector in establishing and deepening the APEC food system.  In  particular,  we  will  continue  to  focus  on  addressing  concerns  related  to sustainable  development  of  the  agricultural  and  fishery  sectors,  facilitation  of investment and infrastructure development, enhancing trade and markets, reducing food loss  and  waste,  adopting  and  applying  effective,  science-based  and  transparent  food regulatory systems and improving food safety and nutrition.",
    "paragraph_index": 56,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "55. We should also consider ways and means to help member economies build better policies and institutional capacity and extension programs, to assist the development of human capital along all the components of the food system.",
    "paragraph_index": 57,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "56. We  emphasize  that  production,  infrastructure,  investment  and  trade  are  key elements  in  promoting  sustainability  and  advancing  domestic,  regional  and  global food security.",
    "paragraph_index": 58,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "57. We welcome the success of the Fourth APEC Ministerial Meeting on Food Security and express our sincere gratitude to Peru for its kind hospitality.",
    "paragraph_index": 59,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2016,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "58. We also welcome Vietnam to host the next Food Security Week in 2017, including a High Level Policy Dialogue on Food Security; and look forward to the next APEC FSMM5 in 2018 to make further progress in our common endeavors. 8",
    "paragraph_index": 60,
    "filename": "16_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2019,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "Final draft Preamble Fifth APEC Ministerial Meeting on Food Security: Puerto Varas, Chile, 23 August 2019 Towards Integrated Smart and Sustainable Food Systems",
    "paragraph_index": 1,
    "filename": "19_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2019,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "1. We, the APEC Ministers Responsible for Food Security, met in Puerto Varas, Chile, from 23 to 24 August 2019 under the chairmanship of Mr. Antonio Walker, Minister of Agriculture of Chile, to exchange views and identify areas of cooperation that support food security in the Asia- Pacific region. We welcomed the participation of representatives of FAO, OECD and IICA.",
    "paragraph_index": 2,
    "filename": "19_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2019,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "2. Under the overarching theme of “Connecting People, Building the Future”, and recognizing that Sustainable Growth, Digital Society, Integration 4.0 and Women, SMEs and Inclusive Growth are the priorities of APEC Chile 2019, we seek to address key issues related to food security by identifying common priorities as well as cooperating in defining and implementing better policies towards integrated, smart and sustainable food systems.",
    "paragraph_index": 3,
    "filename": "19_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2019,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "3. Our region faces major challenges in terms of food security. We must find ways to provide our rapidly growing global population with economic access to sufficient, safe, nutritious and quality food. Furthermore, the livelihoods of millions of rural people, mainly small farmers and fishers, particularly women, rely on jobs and incomes provided by food production and food-related economic activities.",
    "paragraph_index": 4,
    "filename": "19_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2019,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "4. Moreover, food systems have a dynamic relationship with the environment. We acknowledge the growing impact that global changes, such as changing  climate  conditions;  increasing natural disasters;  land, soil  and marine habitat degradation; freshwater scarcity;  loss of biological diversity; and the emergence of new pests and diseases have on the development of productive sectors such as agriculture, aquaculture and fisheries.",
    "paragraph_index": 5,
    "filename": "19_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2019,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "5. We seek smart solutions, which will be crucial to achieving the complementary objectives of increased productivity, sustainability, inclusiveness and resilience. Fostering sustainable food systems",
    "paragraph_index": 6,
    "filename": "19_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2019,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "6. For  food  systems  to  effectively  adapt  to  global  changes  while  securing  long-term  food  security,  we  encourage  the  development  and implementation of integrated policies for agriculture, aquaculture and fisheries in line with the spirit of the APEC Food Security Roadmap Towards 2020 and the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This will contribute to improving productivity, reducing food loss and waste, ensuring the conservation, protection and sustainable use of water, land and marine ecosystems, biodiversity and natural resources, as well as enhancing society’s wellbeing.",
    "paragraph_index": 7,
    "filename": "19_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2019,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "7. The resilience of our food systems to climate variability is a priority for our economies because agricultural production is closely linked to weather conditions. We recognize the positive role that agriculture can play in providing solutions to global challenges. Reducing food loss and waste can also be an adaptive and mitigation option to reduce the food security risks of new climate scenarios. We support strengthening regional cooperation with an aim to creating enabling conditions to face the challenges and leverage the opportunities brought by globally changing climatic conditions.",
    "paragraph_index": 8,
    "filename": "19_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2019,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "8. We underscore that the efficient use and sustainable management of water as well as robust water policies are critical for the economic performance, social inclusiveness and environmental sustainability of the whole food system. We highlight the importance of sharing best practices in these areas.",
    "paragraph_index": 9,
    "filename": "19_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2019,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "9. We acknowledge that the prevention and reduction of food loss and waste is a multidimensional challenge that continues to affect food security and environmental sustainability in the APEC region. We highlight the importance of strengthening policies along the entire food chain with the contribution of all relevant stakeholders. We support further APEC cooperation in generating information and improving measurements; strengthening  partnerships  with  all  stakeholders;  encouraging  research,  development  and  innovation,  including  information  and communications technology (ICT); raising awareness and building capacity; and developing robust policies to prevent and reduce food loss and waste.",
    "paragraph_index": 10,
    "filename": "19_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2019,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "10. We recognize the significance of seafood consumption, which provides nearly 22 percent of the average per capita animal protein intake for the APEC region. In this context, we underscore the importance of protecting the marine environment and ensuring the sustainable use of fisheries and aquaculture resources. We call for continued action to address certain forms of fisheries subsidies as agreed at the 2019 APEC Ministers Responsible for Trade meeting and to combat Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing, both of which harm livelihoods, threaten food security and impede sustainable growth. We welcome the APEC Roadmap on Combatting IUU Fishing.",
    "paragraph_index": 11,
    "filename": "19_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2019,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "11. We recognize that marine debris, including marine plastic pollution, as a global and multidisciplinary problem, has an increasingly adverse impact  on  the  ocean  environment,  coastal  livelihoods,  food  security  and  sustainable  growth.  We  urge  economies  to  work  together  to implement and promote measures to manage and prevent marine debris, including innovative sustainable waste management systems and sustainable agriculture, aquaculture and fisheries practices. We welcome the APEC Roadmap on Marine Debris which supports APEC’s food security goals. Final draft Embracing innovation, emerging technologies and digital opportunities",
    "paragraph_index": 12,
    "filename": "19_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2019,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "12. Innovation,  emerging  technologies  and  digitalization  are  engines  for  sustainable  productivity  growth  in  the  agriculture,  fisheries  and aquaculture food sectors and will be critical for solving many of our current challenges. We encourage officials to make innovation a priority, including through effective coordination with all relevant stakeholders, with an emphasis on the creation and appropriate adoption of new technologies.",
    "paragraph_index": 13,
    "filename": "19_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2019,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "13. We  encourage  economies  to  develop  and  maintain  transparent  and  science-based  regulatory  frameworks  and  to  share  information  and experiences.",
    "paragraph_index": 14,
    "filename": "19_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2019,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "14. We acknowledge that the “digitalization” of agriculture impacts the way that agricultural products are grown, produced and distributed at different stages of food value chains. In this fast-changing context, we urge deeper collaboration and dialogue in APEC with the aim of identifying common approaches to promoting technology adoption, challenges and opportunities for human capital, and developing policy that targets local realities, effectively leveraging the opportunities from the digital transformation, sustainably and inclusively. Leveraging associativity and enhancing food value chains and trade",
    "paragraph_index": 15,
    "filename": "19_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2019,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "15. Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), including small-scale farmers, fishers and aquaculturalists, indigenous peoples, and women in particular, face constraints to being competitive in food value chains. Individually these actors may have limited capacity to negotiate and less access to the financial system, market information and new technologies, among other challenges. To strengthen their resilience and adaptive capacity, we support promoting more inclusive food value chains, identifying new trading opportunities, and encouraging well-functioning markets.",
    "paragraph_index": 16,
    "filename": "19_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2019,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "16. Associativity, defined as alliances and collaborative initiatives along the supply chain, could be a key dimension to drive progress towards achieving inclusive economic growth. We encourage the development of business models that promote associativity among MSMEs and with other  stakeholders,  to  improve  productivity  and  competitiveness  and  strengthen  alliances  throughout  the  supply  chain,  allowing  new stakeholders to participate in domestic and global food value chains.",
    "paragraph_index": 17,
    "filename": "19_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2019,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "17. We stress the importance that international trade has for food security. We recognize that efficient and sustainable food systems require timely access  to  international  markets.  To  this  end  we  affirm  the  importance  of  transparent,  non-discriminatory  and  agreed-upon  rules,  which enhance market predictability, enable business confidence, and allow food trade to flow. We recognize that measures which are inconsistent with international rules, obligations, and science-based standards, including non-tariff barriers, may undermine food security. Strengthening Rural Development as a Place of Opportunities",
    "paragraph_index": 18,
    "filename": "19_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2019,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "18. We acknowledge the importance of promoting the development of rural and coastal communities as they are one of the foundations of the food  system  in  most  of  our  economies.  We  recognize  that  robust  and  site-specific  policies  are  required  to  promote  the  comprehensive development of rural populations, which reflect the diversity of needs and opportunities. We encourage rural policies that address issues beyond agriculture and promote rural development with a holistic approach that accounts for economic, social, environmental and cultural dimensions, and working with all stakeholders.",
    "paragraph_index": 19,
    "filename": "19_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2019,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "19. We encourage policies that improve infrastructure, basic services and the quality of life of rural populations as well as strategies that help develop  sustainable  and  market-based  methods  for  adding  value  to  agricultural,  forestry,  fisheries  and  aquaculture  while  promoting  the integration of MSMEs within food value chains.",
    "paragraph_index": 20,
    "filename": "19_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2019,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "20. We highlight the importance of promoting competitive, sustainable and quality food systems, including traditional systems that contribute to rural development.",
    "paragraph_index": 21,
    "filename": "19_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2019,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "21. We  encourage  the  incorporation  of  gender  into  the  design  of  rural  development  policies  from  the  very  outset.  Higher  levels  of  women participation  in the  economy is key  to  raising  living standards and boosting economic  growth  in the  region. We  recognize the significant contribution and impact that women have in rural and coastal communities. Recognizing the importance of empowering women, we take note of the ongoing initiative to develop APEC Best Practice Guidelines on Women in Agriculture and Fisheries and we look forward to the outcomes. Looking forward",
    "paragraph_index": 22,
    "filename": "19_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2019,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "22. We support the efforts of the PPFS, ATCWG, HLPDAB and OFWG within APEC that contribute to food security and encourage these groups to strengthen their collaboration in working towards integrated, smart and sustainable food systems.",
    "paragraph_index": 23,
    "filename": "19_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2019,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "23. We reiterate the importance of public and private sector collaboration in addressing current and future challenges for food security. We affirm the importance of strengthening and invigorating APEC engagement with the private sector including ABAC in PPFS.",
    "paragraph_index": 24,
    "filename": "19_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2019,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "24. Reflecting on our efforts under the APEC Food Security Roadmap Towards 2020, we call for the review and identification of ongoing priorities and future opportunities to enhance food security in the region beyond 2020.",
    "paragraph_index": 25,
    "filename": "19_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2021,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "___________________________________________________________________________ 2021/FSMM/JMS Joint Ministerial Statement - Food Security Ministerial Meeting 2021 Food Security Ministerial Meeting 19 August 2021 Sixth APEC Ministerial Meeting on Food Security Joint Ministerial Statement We,  the  APEC  Ministers  responsible  for  food  security,  met  on  19  August",
    "paragraph_index": 1,
    "filename": "21_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2021,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "2021. We welcomed  the  participation  of  the  Pacific  Economic  Cooperation  Council  (PECC),  the Association  of  Southeast  Asian  Nations  (ASEAN)  and  the  Pacific  Islands  Forum  (PIF) Secretariat, the APEC Business Advisory Council (ABAC) and private sector representatives. We acknowledge the continued impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being and safety of all people in the APEC region and especially on food security and supply chains. We support the emphasis that APEC is placing on responding to the immediate global health crisis and the unprecedented economic shock.   As we look to rebuild from the pandemic, we must adapt to change in a way that supports our MSMEs, such as small-scale producers in the food, agriculture and fisheries sectors. We are determined to leave no one behind. We  note  the  Food  Security  Roadmap  Towards  2030,  developed  in  2021,  focuses  on digitalisation  and  innovation,  productivity,  inclusivity  and  sustainability  and  identifies actions  and  targets  which  APEC  economies  will  pursue  together  to  achieve  our  goal  of sufficient, safe, nutritious, accessible and affordable food for all. We  note  the  Food  Security  Roadmap  Towards  2030  promotes  the  inclusion  of  MSMEs, women,  youth,  Indigenous  communities  and  the  elderly  in  the  sector,  as  integral  to maximising our resources, improving rural, remote and coastal livelihoods and unlocking the full potential of the APEC region. We welcome and endorse the Food Security Roadmap Towards",
    "paragraph_index": 2,
    "filename": "21_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2021,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "2030. We  welcome  and  encourage  the  private  sector’s  involvement  in  implementing  the  Food Security Roadmap Towards",
    "paragraph_index": 3,
    "filename": "21_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2021,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "2030. The private sector is fundamental to helping us achieve food security. We note the Food Security Roadmap Towards 2030 is coherent with, and will contribute to, achieving the APEC Putrajaya Vision 2040, with its three economic drivers: trade and investment,  innovation  and  digitisation  and  strong,  balanced,  secure,  sustainable  and inclusive growth. We  also  reiterate  the  importance  of  APEC’s  continued  engagement  with  other  relevant international  and  regional  organisations,  including  the  United  Nations,  its  specialised agencies and the World Trade Organisation. In particular, we welcome the forthcoming United Nations Food Systems Summit and its efforts towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, recognising that there is no ‘one  size  fits  all’  pathway  to  these  goals. We  highlight  APEC’s  complementary  efforts  to support more productive, sustainable and inclusive food systems. FINAL – 19 August 2021 Page 2 of 2 We appreciate ABAC’s ongoing role as Vice Chair of the Policy Partnership for Food Security (PPFS) and encourage continued high-level dialogue between the public and private sector. We instruct officials to undertake a review of the functioning of the PPFS to support this. We  note  the  outcomes  of  the  meetings  of  the  Policy  Partnership  on  Food  Security,  the Agricultural  Technical  Cooperation  Working  Group,  the  High-Level  Policy  Dialogue  on Agricultural Biotechnology and the Ocean Fisheries Working Group. We thank New Zealand for hosting APEC in",
    "paragraph_index": 4,
    "filename": "21_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2021,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "2021. Haumi ē, Hui ē, Tāiki ē. Join, Work, Grow. Together. FINAL – 19 August 2021",
    "paragraph_index": 5,
    "filename": "21_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2022,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "___________________________________________________________________________ 2022/FSMM/STMT Chair’s Statement - Food Security Ministerial Meeting 2022 \\\\ Food Security Ministerial Meeting 26 August 2022 APEC Ministers Responsible for Food Security Chair’s Statement",
    "paragraph_index": 1,
    "filename": "22_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2022,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "1. The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Ministers responsible for food security, met virtually on 26 August 2022 under the chairmanship of H.E. Dr. Chalermchai Sri-on, Minister of Agriculture  and Cooperatives, Thailand to exchange  views  on policy  issues related  to  the  current  food  security  crisis  and  compounding  the  ongoing  effects  of  the COVID-19 pandemic. The APEC region must focus on resilient economic rebuilding and recovery.",
    "paragraph_index": 2,
    "filename": "22_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2022,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "2. APEC economies welcomed the participation of representatives from the APEC Business Advisory Council (ABAC), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO),  the  Association  of  Southeast  Asian  Nations  (ASEAN)  the  Pacific  Economic Cooperation Council (PECC), and the Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) Secretariat.",
    "paragraph_index": 3,
    "filename": "22_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2022,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "3. Varying  views  were  expressed  on  the  prevailing  situation.  The  meeting  expressed  its concern  on  the  ongoing  COVID-19,  current  economic  challenges,  major  challenges threatening  global  and  regional  food  security,  including  the  impacts  of  economic slowdowns  and  downturns,  climate  change,  urbanization,  global  population  growth, poverty,  the  affordability  of  healthy  and  nutritious  diets,  the  COVID-19  pandemic, emerging  diseases,  trade  barriers,  export  restrictions,  increasing  input  costs,  including energy  and  fertilizer,  social  inequality,  as  well  as  other  shocks  and  stresses  to  food systems.  APEC  economies  also  acknowledged  that  it  is  time  for  APEC  to  sustainably transform our  agri-food  systems  in  order  to achieve  the  Roadmap  2030  and  align  with boarder efforts towards the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, Goal 2 ending (zero) hunger.",
    "paragraph_index": 4,
    "filename": "22_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2022,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "4. APEC  economies  encourage  to  empower  smallholders,  micro-small  and  medium  size enterprises (MSMEs), women, youth, and other groups with untapped economic potential as indicated in the Food Security Roadmap Towards 2030 to ensure that agriculture is a viable livelihood that sustainably meets the demand for food and agricultural products.",
    "paragraph_index": 5,
    "filename": "22_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2022,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "5. Reiterating our goal of sufficient, safe, nutritious, accessible and affordable food for all, which will in turn support enhancing the economic recovery and ensuring sustainable and inclusive  growth,  the  meeting  strongly  supported  the  need  for  meaningful  actions  and achieved consensus on the following:",
    "paragraph_index": 6,
    "filename": "22_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2022,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "6. Under the theme of APEC Thailand 2022: Open. Connect. Balance., and recognizing the three priorities—open to all opportunities, connected in all dimensions and balanced in all aspects—we  recall  the  Food  Security  Roadmap  Towards  2030  (Roadmap  2030) endorsed at the APEC Ministerial Meeting on Food Security in 2021, and note that it aligns with the theme of APEC Thailand",
    "paragraph_index": 7,
    "filename": "22_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2022,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "7. We  endorse  the  implementation  plan  of  the  Food  Security  Roadmap  Towards  2030 (Implementation Plan), developed in 2022, which is in line with the Putrajaya Vision 2040 and the Aotearoa Plan of Action, for the lasting food security, food safety and improved nutrition  for  all,  as  well  as  for  the  reduction  of  food  loss  and  waste  in  the  region  by promoting  agricultural  and  food  trade,  and  working  towards  sustainable  resource management in the agriculture sector. The Implementation Plan identifies specific actions or initiatives that APEC economies may choose to implement to deliver on the Roadmap 2030 in the areas of digitalization and innovation, productivity, inclusivity, sustainability, public-private partnerships and smart goals. 2",
    "paragraph_index": 9,
    "filename": "22_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2022,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "8. We  acknowledge  the  work  on  food  security  related  issues  of  APEC  fora  and  sub-fora, including the Policy Partnership on Food Security (PPFS), the High Level Policy Dialogue on Agricultural Biotechnology (HLPDAB), the Agricultural Technical Cooperation Working Group  (ATCWG),  the  Oceans  and  Fisheries  Working  Group  (OFWG)  and  the  Sub- Committee on Standards and Conformance (SCSC). We note the contribution of ABAC to food security and its related issues.",
    "paragraph_index": 10,
    "filename": "22_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2022,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "9. Recalling the Global Report on Food Crises 2022, the number of people reportedly facing acute food insecurity increased from 135 million in 2019 to 193 million in 2021 in the 53 countries most in need of assistance.  We note that food insecurity has continued to increase in",
    "paragraph_index": 11,
    "filename": "22_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2022,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "2022. We also acknowledge that it is time for APEC to enhance concentration on the sustainable transformation of our agri-food systems in order to achieve the Roadmap 2030 goals and align with broader efforts towards the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.",
    "paragraph_index": 12,
    "filename": "22_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2022,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "10. We acknowledge that the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has impacted global food supply chains,  livelihoods,  income  and  food  prices.  It  has  caused  labor  shortages,  delayed harvesting, suspended operation of processing plants, shifted consumer demand, created disruptions  to  food  distribution  systems  and  slowed  trade  and  business  activities.  In addition, many urban populations have also been affected with reduced access to food.",
    "paragraph_index": 13,
    "filename": "22_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2022,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "11. Amid these challenges facing global and regional food security, we reaffirm that APEC economies will jointly pursue cooperation and partnerships to ensure active engagement in  supporting  food  security,  in  the  following  areas  of:  supporting  food  safety  and  trade facilitation; improving livelihoods and well-being, especially  for the most vulnerable, by achieving  inclusive agroeconomic growth; promoting productivity growth and sustainable use  of natural resources and the environment; enhancing adoption of science, technology and  innovation  in  the  agri-food  sector;  and  balancing  the  economic,  social  and environmental interests in realizing food security priorities. Supporting food safety and trade facilitation",
    "paragraph_index": 14,
    "filename": "22_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2022,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "12. We  recognize  the  importance  of  ensuring  that  food  safety  measures  align  with international standards as a component of food security. We also realize the significance of producing nutritious food and achieving more sustainable food systems. We support efforts  to  reduce  food  loss  and  waste.  We  encourage  to  promote  market  access  for smallholder  farmers as well  as consumers’  access  to safe food, and enabling effective regulation of food safety in all sectors to strengthen and support food trade, food security and consumer confidence",
    "paragraph_index": 15,
    "filename": "22_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2022,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "13. We recognize the role of trade to ensure global food security. We support efforts to ensure the unimpeded global trade of food as well as the stability of the food supply chain. We also highlight the importance of a free, open, fair, transparent, predictable, rules-based, and  non-discriminatory  multilateral  trading  system,  underpinned  by  WTO  rules.  In  this regard, and agreed to at the Ministerial Declaration on the Emergency Response to Food Security from the twelfth WTO Ministerial Conference, we reaffirm the importance of not imposing export prohibitions or restrictions in a manner inconsistent with relevant WTO provisions. Improving livelihoods and well-being",
    "paragraph_index": 16,
    "filename": "22_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2022,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "14. We  recognize  the  importance  of  self-reliance  in  agriculture  for  smallholders—including artisanal  fisheries  and  small-scale  aquaculture—to  produce  food  for  household consumption  as  well  as  the  promotion  of  rural  development  and  prosperity  for  all  our people.  We  promote  transforming  food  systems  to  be  more  resilient  to  major  food 3 insecurity drivers.  Efforts towards empowerment, viable livelihoods and resiliency need to consider gender and climate adaptation and mitigation. Promoting sustainability of natural resources and environment",
    "paragraph_index": 17,
    "filename": "22_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2022,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "15. We  support  approaches  to  sustainable  and  climate  resilient  agriculture  based  on  local conditions, including through the use of innovative technologies and traditional practices that help reduce land degradation and soil erosion, prevent desertification, optimize water use, promote the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and recovery of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems  as well as enhance carbon sequestration and lower greenhouse gas emissions.",
    "paragraph_index": 18,
    "filename": "22_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2022,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "16. We  recognize  the  essential  role  of  fisheries  and  aquaculture  in  ensuring  global  food security and the importance of the development of local coastal communities to improve the  sustainable  use  of  the  sector.  We  acknowledge  APEC’s  Roadmap  on  Combatting Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing to ensure the sustainability of fisheries resources and the continued  viability  of trade in fish  and fishery  products  in the APEC region,  as  well  as  the  importance  of  sharing  fisheries  information,  best  practices  and fisheries technologies to promote good governance in respective economies. Enhancing innovation and technology in the agri-food sector",
    "paragraph_index": 19,
    "filename": "22_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2022,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "17. We recognize the importance of agricultural biotechnology as a tool in accordance with each  economy’s  policy  and  legislation  to  enable  sustainable  agricultural  productivity growth essential for food security. We, therefore, encourage APEC economies to utilize risk-proportionate  and  science-based  regulatory  frameworks  taking  into  account  the to  evaluate  and  approve  products  of economies’  circumstances  and  priorities biotechnology,  facilitate  voluntary  technology  transfers  on  mutually  agreed  terms  with appropriate  protecting  data  privacy  and  intellectual  property  rights,  and  raise  public awareness in biotechnology innovation.",
    "paragraph_index": 20,
    "filename": "22_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2022,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "18. We  strongly  support  the  introduction  of  science,  technology  and  innovation,  such  as precision  farm  management,  climate  smart  agriculture,  and  modern  smart  farming practices through the voluntary sharing, exchanging and transferring of knowledge and best practices,  promoting  innovation  and application  of digital  technologies  to enhance digital  supply  chain  for  agriculture  production  and marketing  on mutually  agreed terms with appropriate  data privacy protection and intellectual property rights, to help increase productivity,  reduce  production  costs,  enhance  traceability,  improve  supply  chain  data storage,  reduce  postharvest  losses,  and  build  information  sharing  capabilities.  We encourage the promotion of public-private  investment  to facilitate  the use of innovative technologies for the whole food value chain as well as in the introduction of these newly- developed technologies in particular to start-ups and MSMEs.",
    "paragraph_index": 21,
    "filename": "22_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2022,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "19. We  recognize  that  both  traditional  and  modern  production  tools,  and  emerging  digital technologies,  are  needed  to  help  farmers  produce  enough  to  feed  a  growing  global population  while  reducing  their  environmental  footprint  and  building  climate  resilience. Employing  these  techniques  can  accelerate  the  transition  to  more  sustainable  food systems  through  productivity  growth  that  optimizes  agricultural  sustainability  across social, economic, and environmental dimensions. Balancing economy, social and environment 20  We  encourage  APEC  economies  to  explore  the  approach  of  Bio-Circular-Green Economic Model (BCG), and other innovative approaches in supporting the post COVID- 19  pandemic  economic  recovery.  We  acknowledge  that  there is  a no  “one-size-fits-all” 4 approach  to  sustainability,  and  the  BCG  Model  is  one  of  many  comprehensive approaches  towards  inclusive,  balanced  and  sustainable  economic  development  that emphasizes the efficient use of natural resources. We also note the ongoing APEC efforts, including  the  development  of  a  standalone  statement  for  Leaders’  consideration,  to support the BCG Model as an approach for achieving inclusive, balanced and sustainable recovery  from  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  long-term  resilient  economic  growth,  and environmental and climate objectives. The way forward",
    "paragraph_index": 22,
    "filename": "22_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2022,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "21. We foster the active engagement of public private partnerships in pursuing synergy and cooperation  in  contributing  towards  concrete  actions  to  enhance  food  security  in  the APEC  region.  We  instruct  the  PPFS  to  facilitate  the  individual  and  collective  actions conducted by APEC members under the Implementation Plan of the Roadmap 2030, and to report its progress and complete a review of it in",
    "paragraph_index": 23,
    "filename": "22_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2022,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "22. We thank Thailand for hosting the virtual APEC Ministerial Meeting on Food Security and related  meetings  in",
    "paragraph_index": 25,
    "filename": "22_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2022,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "2022. We  also  look  forward  to  the  United  States  hosting  APEC  in 2023.",
    "paragraph_index": 26,
    "filename": "22_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2023,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "___________________________________________________________________________ 2023/FSMM/STMT Chair's Statement - Food Security Ministerial Meeting 2023 Food Security Ministerial Meeting Seattle, United States 3 August 2023 APEC 2023 Food Security Ministerial 2023 Chair’s Statement Seattle, United States All APEC ministers responsible for agriculture agreed to all paragraphs except for paragraphs 9 and",
    "paragraph_index": 1,
    "filename": "23_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2023,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "1. We, the Asia‐Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Ministers responsible for Food Security, met in Seattle, Washington, the United States of America on August 3,",
    "paragraph_index": 3,
    "filename": "23_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2023,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "2023. The meeting was chaired by United States Secretary of Agriculture Thomas J. Vilsack to exchange views on policy issues related to the current food security crisis, including the compounding effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic, rising costs, and climate change resulting in the disruption of production and supply chains, and the benefits of engaging with the private sector to address them. APEC economies welcomed the participation of representatives from the APEC Business Advisory Council (ABAC).",
    "paragraph_index": 4,
    "filename": "23_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2023,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "2. We reiterate our commitment to realize the APEC Putrajaya Vision 2040, including through the implementation of the Aotearoa Plan of Action, to ensure lasting food security, food safety, and improved nutrition for all as well as reducing food loss and waste in the region by promoting agricultural and food trade, sustainability, innovation, and by promoting resilient and low‐emission agriculture. We also reiterate our endorsement of the Food Security Roadmap Towards 2030 and its Implementation Plan, which echo the Putrajaya and Aotearoa goals.",
    "paragraph_index": 5,
    "filename": "23_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2023,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "3. We recall our APEC 2022 Leaders’ Declaration, which reflected our pledge to expedite and intensify our work to promote agricultural development, including in rural areas, and to promote long‐term food security by ensuring our agricultural and food systems are more resilient, productive, innovative, and sustainable, strengthening global food supply chains, and reducing food loss and waste. As set out in the 2022 Bangkok Goals on Bio‐Circular‐Green (BCG) Economy, our ability to address the heightened economic and environmental challenges and disruptions facing the region depends on pursuing a whole‐of‐society approach with concrete actions, including by following through on our sustainability commitments in the Putrajaya Vision and the Aotearoa Plan of Action. Further in line with the BCG, we encourage the strengthening of public‐private partnership in expanding digitalization and promoting innovation within the APEC agri‐food  systems, while protecting data privacy and intellectual property rights.",
    "paragraph_index": 6,
    "filename": "23_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2023,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "4. Taking inspiration from the APEC 2023 theme of “Creating a Resilient and Sustainable Future for All,” and the priorities of building a more interconnected, innovative, and inclusive APEC region, we underscore the role APEC must play in advancing sustainable and inclusive economic growth and trade, including by advancing gender equality and the economic empowerment and inclusion of groups indicated in the Food Security Roadmap Towards",
    "paragraph_index": 7,
    "filename": "23_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2023,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "2030. Through the agriculture sub‐theme of “Together Achieving Sustainable, Equitable, and Resilient Agri‐food Systems,” we emphasize the relationship between open, undistorted agri‐food systems, climate change, and food security and nutrition. We underscore the importance of sustainable productivity growth along its economic, social, and environmental dimensions to be addressed in a balanced way and in line with economies circumstances.",
    "paragraph_index": 8,
    "filename": "23_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2023,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "5. We understand the importance of science and transparency in the development of policies and regulations and concur that they are applicable in regional conversations about sustainable development of agri‐food systems, environmental and climate commitments, and trade. We also recognize that international trade is essential to achieve food security and that the maintenance of food supply chains is integral in ensuring food accessibility and affordability. We are committed to promoting the rules‐based, non‐discriminatory, open, fair, inclusive, equitable, and transparent multilateral trading system with the World Trade Organization (WTO) at its core, to promote sustainable and inclusive growth, enhance market predictability and minimize market distortions, and increase business confidence for the purposes of regional food security and nutrition. We remain committed to the dedicated WTO work program on food security, as outlined in the Ministerial Declaration on the Emergency Response to Food Insecurity at the WTO’s 12th Ministerial Conference.",
    "paragraph_index": 9,
    "filename": "23_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2023,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "6. We reiterate that smallholder, micro‐, small‐, and medium‐size enterprises (MSMEs), women, youth, Indigenous Peoples as appropriate, people living with a disability, people from remote and rural communities, and groups with untapped economic potential, as stated in the Food Security Roadmap Towards 2030 and the Aotearoa Plan of Action, are key to advancing inclusive, resilient, and sustainable agri‐food systems. We are committed to the full and equal participation and leadership of these groups, as well as the promotion of rural development, livelihoods, and wellbeing for all. We note the importance of elevating the knowledge of these groups as they can contribute to the achievement of sustainable agri‐food systems. Together, we aspire to ensure stewardship of the natural environment and increase the resilience of our agri‐food systems through sustainable actions that address climate change challenges, particularly in terms of climate mitigation, adaptation, and resilience.",
    "paragraph_index": 10,
    "filename": "23_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2023,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "7. We emphasize that increasing agricultural productivity and promoting sustainable agricultural practices based on local conditions are crucial to ensuring food security and aligning our work with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. We will support the use of sustainable agricultural practices that are context‐specific and promote the efficient and appropriate use of agricultural inputs and resources (such as soil, water, and fertilizers), in a way that is environmentally non‐degrading, technically appropriate, economically viable, and socially acceptable. We encourage investment and international exchanges in research, technology, innovation, knowledge, and management practices that increase agricultural productivity while delivering positive environmental outcomes, including maintaining and improving biodiversity.",
    "paragraph_index": 11,
    "filename": "23_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2023,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "8. We welcome the 2023 Policy Partnership on Food Security deliverables, which include a series of informative field guides on the range of subjects presented during the U.S. host year and the Principles for Achieving Food Security Through Sustainable Agri‐food Systems in the APEC Region. We also note the collaborative work on food security, food safety, food loss and waste reduction, trade, and climate change from the meetings of the Agricultural Technical Cooperation Working Group, the High‐Level Policy Dialogue on Agricultural Biotechnology, the Ocean and Fisheries Working Group, and Food Safety Cooperation Forum and that any solution must be collaborative, inclusive, and holistic of all sub fora mentioned above.",
    "paragraph_index": 12,
    "filename": "23_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2023,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "9. We remain concerned about the global food security situation recalling that the root causes of food insecurity and malnutrition are poverty, growing inequality, inequity, and lack of access to resources and income‐earning opportunities. The prolonged effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic continue to impact global food supply chains, livelihoods, food prices, causing labor shortages and slowing trade and business activities, as well as worsening inequalities. Nearly all APEC ministers also noted the impact of ongoing conflicts. Climate change increases the challenges for stakeholders across the supply chain, including small‐scale producers in the agri‐food and fisheries sectors, leading to unpredictable yields. These shocks have further contributed not just to historically high costs, but also price volatility and supply disruptions for food and fertilizers, which further disadvantage persons/groups in vulnerable situations, especially those in developing economies. Nearly all APEC ministers expressed deep regret for the decision of the Russian Federation to unilaterally withdraw from the Black Sea Grain Initiative (BSGI) and call on the Russian Federation to reverse its decision, return to negotiations, and extend and fully implement the initiative immediately, stressing the importance of allowing grains to continue to reach those most in need. APEC economies will continue to provide technical assistance and enhance our capacity for inclusive agricultural development and food security.",
    "paragraph_index": 13,
    "filename": "23_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2023,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "10. As our Leaders highlighted last November, we have also witnessed the war in Ukraine further adversely impact the global economy. There was a discussion on the issue. We reiterated our positions as expressed in other fora, including the UN Security Council and the UN General Assembly, which, in Resolution No. ES‐11/1 dated 2 March 2022, as adopted by majority vote (141 votes for, 5 against, 35 abstentions, 12 absent) deplores in the strongest terms the aggression by the Russian Federation against Ukraine and demands its complete and unconditional withdrawal from the territory of Ukraine. Most members strongly condemned the war in Ukraine and stressed it is causing immense human suffering and exacerbating existing fragilities in the global economy – constraining growth, increasing inflation, disrupting supply chains, heightening energy, and food insecurity, and elevating financial stability risks. There were other views and different assessments of the situation and sanctions. Recognizing that APEC is not the forum to resolve security issues, we acknowledge that security issues can have significant consequences for the global economy.[1]",
    "paragraph_index": 14,
    "filename": "23_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2023,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "11. We reiterate the importance of APEC’s continued engagement with other relevant international and regional organizations including the United Nations, its specialized agencies, and the WTO. We appreciate ABAC’s continued leadership as Vice Chair and engagement in PPFS and underscore the importance of public and private sector collaboration in addressing current and future challenges. We recognize that meaningful engagement with the private sector is vital to the success of the PPFS and commit to redouble our efforts in this regard as soon as possible.",
    "paragraph_index": 15,
    "filename": "23_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2023,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "12. We thank the United States for hosting APEC in",
    "paragraph_index": 16,
    "filename": "23_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2023,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "2023. We also look forward to Peru hosting APEC in",
    "paragraph_index": 17,
    "filename": "23_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2023,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "2024. _________________________________________________________________________________ 1] Paragraph 10 of this document, taken from the APEC Bangkok Leaders’ Declaration from November 19, 2022, was agreed to by all member economies except the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation.",
    "paragraph_index": 18,
    "filename": "23_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2024,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "___________________________________________________________________________ 2024/FSMM/JMS Joint Ministerial Statement - Food Security Ministerial Meeting 2024 Food Security Ministerial Meeting Trujillo, Peru 18 August 2024 TRUJILLO STATEMENT 9th APEC FOOD SECURITY MINISTERIAL MEETING Trujillo - Peru, 18 August 2024 Final Version",
    "paragraph_index": 1,
    "filename": "24_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2024,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "1. We, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Ministers responsible for Food Security, met  in  Trujillo,  Peru,  on  18  August  2024,  chaired  by  Mr.  Angel  Manuel  Manero  Campos, Minister of Agrarian Development and Irrigation of Peru, reiterate our commitment to the APEC Food Security Roadmap Towards 2030, focusing on strengthening regional food security and contributing to achieving open, fair, transparent, productive, sustainable, resilient, innovative, and  inclusive  agri-food  systems.  In  this  regard,  we  recall  that  in  2023  the  APEC  Leaders recognized that there is no “one-size-fits-all” approach to agricultural sustainability.",
    "paragraph_index": 2,
    "filename": "24_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2024,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "2. APEC  economies  welcomed  the  participation  of  representatives  from  the  Association  of Southeast  Asian  Nations  (ASEAN)  and  the  Pacific  Economic  Cooperation  Council  (PECC). We likewise appreciate the role of APEC Business Advisory Council (ABAC) as Vice Chair of the  Policy  Partnership  on  Food  Security  (PPFS)  which  enables,  encourages,  and  fosters dialogue between the public and private sectors.",
    "paragraph_index": 3,
    "filename": "24_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2024,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "3. In line with the APEC 2024 theme “Empower. Include. Grow.”, discussions at the PPFS during Peru's host year focused on the priority “Sustainable growth for resilient development”. This priority reinforces the commitment of the 21 member economies to the Putrajaya Vision 2040, including  through  the  implementation  of  the  Aotearoa  Plan  of  Action.  Thus,  we  continue  to promote these efforts and those aimed to ensuring lasting food security and improving nutrition for all.",
    "paragraph_index": 4,
    "filename": "24_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2024,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "4. Acknowledging the increasing food insecurity and malnutrition challenges globally, we recall The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2024 Report, which found that between 713 and 757 million people, or around one in eleven, may have faced hunger in 2023, and that global  prevalence  of  undernourishment  has  persisted  at  nearly  the  same  level  for  three consecutive years. Therefore, we reaffirm our intention to support and improve access to safe, nutritious,  and  sufficient  food  to  ensure  food  security  in  the  region,  while  also  addressing environmental challenges, including climate change, and promoting biodiversity conservation as well as the sustainable use and management of natural resources.",
    "paragraph_index": 5,
    "filename": "24_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2024,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "5. Consequently, we support and encourage research and innovation to improve food security and nutrition, increase efficient agricultural productivity, and exchange of context-specific best practices  and  exploration  of  cooperative  opportunities  among  APEC  economies,  broader regional collaboration, and engagement with international organizations, civil society, and the private sector.",
    "paragraph_index": 6,
    "filename": "24_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2024,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "6. We  support  the  context-specific  development  and  utilization  of  digital  and  innovative technologies,  such  as  smart  farming,  agricultural  biotechnology,  data  analytics,  Artificial Intelligence,  the  Internet  of  Things,  e-certificates,  and  food  packaging  to  reinforce  food security. The utilization of appropriate technologies should enable producers to better meet consumers’ needs, increase efficiency, productivity and profitability, prevent and reduce food loss and waste (FLW), and enhance resilience throughout the agri-food systems. To this end, we encourage policies and measures that promote investments in research, innovation, and capacity-building, using scientific approaches considering risk-related factors, as appropriate.",
    "paragraph_index": 7,
    "filename": "24_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2024,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "7. We  recognize  the  vast  natural  resources  available  in  the  APEC  region  and  reaffirm  the importance  of  their  sustainable  use.  We  encourage  APEC  economies  to  ensure  strategic policies and approaches, aimed at improving their agri-food systems to adapt to and mitigate the  effects  of  climate  change,  preventing  and  reducing  the  impacts  of  natural  disasters, conserving biodiversity, considering relevant data and information, as well as traditional and Indigenous knowledges, as appropriate, to achieve food security in the APEC region. Final Version",
    "paragraph_index": 8,
    "filename": "24_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2024,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "8. In that sense, we recall the Principles for Achieving Food Security Through Sustainable Agri- food Systems in the APEC Region, which promote sustainable, inclusive, reliable, and resilient agri-food  systems  supporting  food  security,  environmental  conservation,  maintenance  of livelihoods  and  resulting  in  socioeconomic  benefits  for  current  and  future  generations.  To achieve this, our agri-food systems need to be productive and make the best use of the existing resources in each of our economies.",
    "paragraph_index": 9,
    "filename": "24_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2024,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "9. We  recognize  the  essential  role  of  fisheries  and  aquaculture  in  contributing  to  sustainable economic  growth,  ensuring  global  food  security,  and  addressing  climate  change.  We  also continue  to  support  the  implementation  of  the  APEC  Roadmaps  on  Combatting  Illegal, Unreported,  and  Unregulated  (IUU)  Fishing;  Marine  Debris;  and  Small-Scale  Fisheries  and Aquaculture to ensure the secure and sustainable contribution of the fisheries and aquaculture sectors to global food security.",
    "paragraph_index": 10,
    "filename": "24_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2024,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "10. We  recognize  the  vital  contribution  of  trade  to  achieving  food  security  by  ensuring  food availability,  accessibility,  utilization,  and  stability  across  the  APEC  region.  We  encourage economies to continue their efforts to implement the rules-based, non-discriminatory, open, fair,  inclusive,  equitable,  and  transparent  multilateral  trading  system,  with  the  World  Trade Organization  (WTO)  at  its  core.  This  includes  promoting  sustainable  and  inclusive  growth, ensuring  predictable  markets,  removing  unnecessary  barriers  to  trade  to  ensure  WTO compliant policies and measures, that agricultural goods and services flow as smoothly and predictably as possible and minimizing market distortions to facilitate agri-food trade, including inputs, that boost regional food security and nutrition in line with WTO agreements. We also emphasize  the  importance  of  trade  facilitation  in  our  efforts  to  integrate  micro,  small  and medium enterprises (MSME) into the global agri-food trade system, including through technical assistance and capacity building. Regarding  the  outcomes  of  the  13th  WTO  Ministerial  Conference  on  agricultural  reform,  we remain committed to engaging constructively in pursuing significant reforms as an important pathway to advancing global food security.",
    "paragraph_index": 11,
    "filename": "24_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2024,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "11. We  stress  the  critical  role  of  investment  in  infrastructure  that  can  sustainably  facilitate  food access, distribution, and availability. We encourage a business environment for investment in transport,  connectivity,  logistics,  food  packaging  and  other  enabling  services  to  improve farming and market linkages, especially in remote and rural areas within the APEC region. In this regard, we encourage economies to consider policies and approaches that will foster the development of quality infrastructure to build sustainable and resilient agri-food systems that will ensure the achievement of food security in the region.",
    "paragraph_index": 12,
    "filename": "24_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2024,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "12. We encourage economies to continue to adopt inclusive policies and approaches that integrate food  producers,  including  small-scale  producers,  into  domestic  and  global  food  supply  and value chains; recognizing that technical assistance and capacity building are important to help them meet international standards and apply context-appropriate innovative techniques and technologies  to  improve  productivity  and  competitiveness.  We  are  committed  to  promoting economic  inclusion  and  growth,  focusing  on  the  development  and  empowerment  of  micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), women and other groups with untapped economic potential, such as Indigenous Peoples, as appropriate, people with disabilities, and those from remote and rural communities including, where relevant, their organizations. We also support the  role  of  youth  in  the  agri-food  system  and  encourage  the  sharing  of  knowledge  and experiences  to  make  recommendations  on  how  APEC  members  can  unlock  the  economic potential of people within the APEC region.",
    "paragraph_index": 13,
    "filename": "24_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2024,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "13. We  promote  and  support  the  private  sector’s  role  in  PPFS,  including  through  ABAC,  and emphasize  the  importance  of  collaboration  between  the  public  and  private  sectors  in addressing current and future challenges, with a particular focus on strengthening food security across the region. Final Version",
    "paragraph_index": 14,
    "filename": "24_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2024,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "14. As  FLW  remains  a  priority  regional  issue  with  considerable  economic,  social,  and environmental  costs  that  increase  food  insecurity,  we  encourage  multisectoral  efforts  to prevent and reduce FLW through comprehensive policies and initiatives across the agri-food system.  We  therefore  welcome  the  Principles  for  Preventing  and  Reducing  Food  Loss  and Waste in the APEC Region for their potential contribution to the implementation of current and future APEC projects addressing FLW. On the same page, we recall the achievements of the 2014  APEC  Action  Plan  for  Reducing  Food  Loss  and  Waste  and  encourage  economies  to continue implementing APEC projects focused on FLW prevention and reduction.",
    "paragraph_index": 15,
    "filename": "24_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2024,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "15. We  note  the  work  on  food  security,  food  safety,  FLW  prevention  and  reduction,  and  other outcomes  from  the  9th APEC  Food  Security  Ministerial  Meeting,  the  meetings  of  the  Policy Partnership  on  Food  Security,  the  Agricultural  Technical  Cooperation  Working  Group,  the High‐Level Policy Dialogue on Agricultural Biotechnology, the Ocean and Fisheries Working Group, and the Food Safety Cooperation Forum.",
    "paragraph_index": 16,
    "filename": "24_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2024,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "16. We thank Peru for its cordial hospitality and for hosting a successful 2024 APEC Ministerial Meeting on Food Security. We also welcome the Republic of Korea to host the 2025 APEC Ministerial Meeting on Food Security.",
    "paragraph_index": 17,
    "filename": "24_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2024,
    "type": "Statement (聲明)",
    "content": "___________________________________________________________________________ 2024/FSMM/STMT Chair’s Statement - Food Security Ministerial Meeting 2024 Food Security Ministerial Meeting Trujillo, Peru 18 August 2024 Chair’s Statement APEC PERU 2024 In the context of the 9th APEC Food Security Ministerial Meeting that took place in Trujillo, some economies expressed their views on Russia and Ukraine and the situation in Gaza. Some  economies  considered  that  these  issues  have  an  impact  on  the  global economy and could be treated in APEC, while other economies do not believe that APEC is a forum to discuss these issues. Recalling  APEC´s  foundational  principles,  the  Chair  urged  economies  to  uplift their  commitment  to  the  strengthening  of  APEC  as  an  effective  cooperation platform, based on consensus as its most important tool. Trujillo, August 18th, 2024",
    "paragraph_index": 1,
    "filename": "24_fsmm_stmt.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2025,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "___________________________________________________________________________ 2025/FSMM/JMS Joint Ministerial Statement - Food Security Ministerial Meeting 2025 Food Security Ministerial Meeting Incheon, Korea 10 August 2025 Joint Statement on the APEC 2025 Food Security Ministerial Meeting Incheon, 10 August 2025",
    "paragraph_index": 1,
    "filename": "25_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2025,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "1. We, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Ministers responsible for food security, attended the 10th APEC Food Security Ministerial Meeting held in Incheon, Republic of Korea on  10th  August  2025,  chaired  by  the  Minister  of  Agriculture,  Food  and  Rural  Affairs  of  the Republic of Korea, H.E. Song Mi Ryung. We welcomed the participation of representatives from  the  APEC  Business  Advisory  Council  (ABAC),  the  Association  of  Southeast  Asian Nations (ASEAN), the Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC) and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).",
    "paragraph_index": 2,
    "filename": "25_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2025,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "2. We reaffirm our commitment to the APEC Putrajaya Vision 2040, which envisions an open, dynamic, resilient, and peaceful Asia-Pacific community by 2040 for the prosperity of all our people and future generations. We remain dedicated to the implementation of the Aotearoa Plan of Action and note the Bangkok Goals and the APEC Food Security Roadmap Towards 2030  to  this  end.  In  this  regard,  we  also  note  the  2024  APEC  Economic  Leaders’  Machu Picchu  Declaration  which  held  that  all  our  people  should  enjoy  the  benefits  of  inclusive economic  growth,  by  maximizing  opportunities  for  all.  Recognizing  the  voluntary  and  non- binding nature of initiatives outlined above, we value their flexibility in supporting our shared goal of achieving regional food security.",
    "paragraph_index": 3,
    "filename": "25_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2025,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "3. Under  the  APEC  2025  theme  of  “Building  a  Sustainable  Tomorrow:  Connect,  Innovate, Prosper,” we held in-depth discussions on “Driving Innovation in Agri-food Systems for Shared Prosperity.”  We  aspire  to  see  a  more  connected,  innovative,  and  prosperous  Asia-Pacific region.  We  remain  committed  to  promoting  cooperation  among  APEC  member  economies and fostering solidarity to strengthen food security through productive, sustainable, resilient and innovative agri-food systems for the prosperity of all our people and future generations.",
    "paragraph_index": 4,
    "filename": "25_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2025,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "4. In the face of complex challenges, food security remains a significant issue with localized areas  of  acute  hunger.  Environmental  challenges  including  extreme  weather  events  and natural  disasters  continue  to  undermine  food  supply  chains,  in  particular  for  small-scale producers.  Persistent  labor  supply  challenges,  including  demographic  shifts  such  as  aging populations,  rural  depopulation  linked  to  urbanization,  and  difficulties  in  attracting  and retaining  workers,  raise  concerns  about  the  long-term  sustainability  of  our  food  production base. In addition, supply chain disruptions negatively affecting the movement of agricultural goods and inputs reduce food accessibility and availability. Consequently, these challenges can exacerbate surging food prices and heighten risks of food insecurity and malnutrition. In response to these concerns, APEC economies recognize the importance of promoting more sustainable and resilient food systems through the efficient use of agricultural resources, and implementing  of  policies  and  approaches  that  support  sustainable  agricultural  productivity growth. 1",
    "paragraph_index": 5,
    "filename": "25_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2025,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "5. We  recognize  that  innovation  in  food  systems  is  key  to  unlocking  a  new  future.  As previously  acknowledged,  increasingly  complex  and  interrelated  challenges  require innovative  approaches.  Advanced  technologies,  policy  tools  and  practices  can  enhance efficiency, boost productivity and improve resilience across the production, manufacturing, distribution  and  consumption  of  agri-food  products.  We  highlight  the  role  of  innovation  in ensuring food  security  particularly  in: strengthening  resilience  and  sustainability of  supply chains, while delivering economic prosperity for all and supporting the revitalization of rural areas.  We  will  promote  agricultural  innovation  of  member  economies  including  by encouraging the sharing of knowledge on advanced technologies in agriculture on voluntary and  mutually  agreed  terms.  In  this  regard,  the  protection  and  enforcement  of  intellectual property rights to support innovation is one  of  the essential components. The  use of  produc tion  and  voluntary  technology  licensing  strengthens  innovation  ecosystems  by  linking  re search  institutions  and  private  enterprises  with  farmers.",
    "paragraph_index": 6,
    "filename": "25_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2025,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "6. Recognizing  that  there  is  no  one-size-fits-all  solution  to  strengthening  the  resilience  of agri-food systems, we pursue diverse and timely responses to food crises. Such responses may  include  the  establishment  and  operation  of  domestic  food  security  strategies,  early warning mechanisms and cooperation to streamline international, regional and local supply routes and production systems. Science-based approaches and risk assessment in line with WTO obligations and international standards play a critical role in supporting these efforts. We encourage member economies to design policies aimed at preventing and reducing food loss and waste as stated in the Trujillo Principles for Preventing and Reducing Food Loss and Waste in the Asia-Pacific Region, and to voluntarily promote investment and projects toward this goal, where appropriate. We also highlight the key role of building capacity for strengthening food security across the Asia-Pacific region, by further sharing agri-food data, as appropriate, among member economies on a voluntary basis.",
    "paragraph_index": 7,
    "filename": "25_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2025,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "7. We reaffirm our commitment to enhancing the resilience and sustainability of food supply chains  through  the  adoption  of  digital  technologies  that  are  advanced,  affordable  and practical.  These  include,  among  others,  artificial  intelligence,  big  data,  certifications including  e-Certificates,  the  Internet  of  Things,  blockchain,  automated  guidance,  remote sensing. To ensure that such innovation benefits all, we encourage economies to promote the inclusive, accessible and culturally appropriate use of these technologies. Building on these  efforts,  we  call  on  members  to  enhance  their  initiatives  to  improve  agricultural production  and  profitability  via  the  dissemination  of  precision  farming,  the  adoption  of automation  technologies,  the  development  of  new  generation  smart  farming  systems  and other innovative techniques along with sustained investment in research and development (R&D). Through these actions, we seek to drive innovation across the agri-food value chains to  allow  affordable  agricultural  products  to  more  effectively  reach  consumers,  while  also contributing to the prevention and reduction of food loss and waste. 2",
    "paragraph_index": 8,
    "filename": "25_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2025,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "8. We note the importance of strengthening everyone’s capacity to participate meaningfully in the food systems, across all levels of decision-making. To this end, we will work together to  address  structural  barriers  to  achieve  food  security  and  nutrition.  In  particular,  we  are encouraged  to  bridge  the  digital  divides  by  helping  people  adapt  to  rapid  technological changes and develop the skills needed to drive innovation. Noting the nutritional disparities among  individuals,  populations  and  economies,  we  reaffirm  our commitment to designing policies and approaches that ensure access to safe, sufficient and nutritious food for all and to promoting investment to this end, as appropriate.",
    "paragraph_index": 9,
    "filename": "25_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2025,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "9. We  acknowledge  the  essential  role  of  rural  revitalization  and  improved  connectivity  in remote areas in achieving food security and promoting sustainable agri-food systems. We encourage  efforts  aimed  at  rural  revitalization,  such  as  the  conservation  of  rural environments, improvement of rural livelihoods, recognition of relevant, local, traditional and Indigenous knowledge, as appropriate, and expansion of access to essential public services, digital  technologies  and  infrastructure  among  others.  Such  efforts  are  expected  to  help reduce the decline of rural areas, address workforce issues, create opportunities for younger generations  and  secure  new  engines  of  growth,  thereby  contributing  to  food  security, sustainable economic development and rural prosperity across the APEC region.",
    "paragraph_index": 10,
    "filename": "25_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2025,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "10. We recognize the critical role that trade can play in achieving food security, minimizing supply  chain  disruptions,  and  promoting  open,  fair,  transparent,  productive,  sustainable, resilient and innovative agri-food systems that benefit all. We also recognize the need for a constructive engagement on agriculture at the WTO.",
    "paragraph_index": 11,
    "filename": "25_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2025,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "11. As this year marks the mid-term review of its Food Security Roadmap Towards 2030, we  discussed  the  progress  of  the  implementation  and  ways  forward.  APEC  member economies  assessed  the  progress  made  and  exchanged  best  practices,  reaffirming  our commitment to achieving food security. We remain steadfast in our efforts to take concrete actions to strengthen food security within the region.",
    "paragraph_index": 12,
    "filename": "25_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2025,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "12. We reaffirm the importance of engaging the private sector and promoting public-private partnerships in enhancing food security in the region. We also recognize the role of various APEC fora and working groups—such as the Policy Partnership on Food Security (PPFS), the Oceans and Fisheries Working Group (OFWG), the Agricultural Technical Cooperation Working  Group  (ATCWG),  the  APEC  High  Level  Policy  Dialogue  on  Agricultural Biotechnology (HLPDAB) and others—in facilitating collaboration on food security issues. In this context, we emphasize the need to foster consistent relationships between private sector initiatives  and  public-sector  efforts,  including  through  collaborative  projects,  technical cooperation, best practice sharing and capacity building. We welcome the PPFS’s efforts to increase private sector engagement.",
    "paragraph_index": 13,
    "filename": "25_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  },
  {
    "year": 2025,
    "type": "Joint Ministerial Statement (聯合部長聲明)",
    "content": "13. We thank the Republic of Korea for hosting a successful 2025 APEC Ministerial Meeting on Food Security and for its cordial hospitality. We also look forward to the People's Republic of China hosting the 2026 APEC Ministerial Meeting on Food Security. 3",
    "paragraph_index": 14,
    "filename": "25_fsmm_jms.pdf"
  }
]