import random

import cv2
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image, ImageEnhance, ImageFilter, ImageOps

from augmenator.spatial import apply_spatial_ops
from augmenator.style_transfer import STYLE_MODELS, STYLE_TAGS, apply_style

ALLOWED_TAGS = {
    "brighten",
    "darken",
    "warmer",
    "cooler",
    "rotate",
    "rotate_90_random",
    "rotate_left",
    "rotate_right",
    "rotate_180",
    "flip",
    "flip_vertical",
    "blur",
    "sharpen",
    "saturate",
    "desaturate",
    "crop_zoom",
    "contrast_up",
    "contrast_down",
    "gamma_up",
    "gamma_down",
    "autocontrast",
    "posterize",
    "sepia",
    "hue_shift",
    "tint_red",
    "tint_green",
    "tint_blue",
    "invert",
    "perspective",
} | set(STYLE_TAGS)


def _clamp_strength(strength: float) -> float:
    return max(0.5, min(1.5, strength))


def _warm_cool_pil(image: Image.Image, warmer: bool, amount: float) -> Image.Image:
    r, g, b = image.split()
    factor = 1.0 + (0.25 * amount if warmer else -0.15 * amount)
    r = r.point(lambda p: min(255, int(p * factor)))
    b = b.point(lambda p: max(0, int(p * (2.0 - factor))))
    return Image.merge("RGB", (r, g, b))


def _apply_sepia(image: Image.Image, amount: float) -> Image.Image:
    arr = np.array(image).astype(np.float32)
    r, g, b = arr[..., 0], arr[..., 1], arr[..., 2]
    tr = 0.393 * r + 0.769 * g + 0.189 * b
    tg = 0.349 * r + 0.686 * g + 0.168 * b
    tb = 0.272 * r + 0.534 * g + 0.131 * b
    blend = amount
    out = np.stack(
        [
            r * (1 - blend) + tr * blend,
            g * (1 - blend) + tg * blend,
            b * (1 - blend) + tb * blend,
        ],
        axis=-1,
    )
    return Image.fromarray(np.clip(out, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8))


def _apply_hue_shift(image: Image.Image, amount: float) -> Image.Image:
    arr = np.array(image.convert("RGB"))
    hsv = cv2.cvtColor(arr, cv2.COLOR_RGB2HSV).astype(np.float32)
    shift = int(18 * amount)
    hsv[..., 0] = (hsv[..., 0] + shift) % 180
    rgb = cv2.cvtColor(hsv.astype(np.uint8), cv2.COLOR_HSV2RGB)
    return Image.fromarray(rgb)


def _apply_tint(image: Image.Image, channel: str, amount: float) -> Image.Image:
    arr = np.array(image).astype(np.float32)
    idx = {"red": 0, "green": 1, "blue": 2}[channel]
    boost = 1.0 + 0.35 * amount
    arr[..., idx] = np.clip(arr[..., idx] * boost, 0, 255)
    return Image.fromarray(arr.astype(np.uint8))


def _rotate_cardinal(image: Image.Image, degrees: int) -> Image.Image:
    mapping = {
        90: Image.ROTATE_90,
        180: Image.ROTATE_180,
        270: Image.ROTATE_270,
    }
    key = degrees % 360
    if key not in mapping:
        raise ValueError(f"Unsupported cardinal rotation: {degrees}")
    return image.transpose(mapping[key])


def _apply_gamma(image: Image.Image, gamma: float) -> Image.Image:
    arr = np.array(image.convert("RGB")).astype(np.float32) / 255.0
    corrected = np.power(arr, gamma)
    return Image.fromarray(np.clip(corrected * 255.0, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8))


def _apply_tag(image: Image.Image, tag: str, strength: float) -> Image.Image:
    s = _clamp_strength(strength)

    if tag == "brighten":
        return ImageEnhance.Brightness(image).enhance(1.0 + 0.3 * s)
    if tag == "darken":
        return ImageEnhance.Brightness(image).enhance(1.0 - 0.25 * s)
    if tag == "warmer":
        return _warm_cool_pil(image, warmer=True, amount=s)
    if tag == "cooler":
        return _warm_cool_pil(image, warmer=False, amount=s)
    if tag == "contrast_up":
        return ImageEnhance.Contrast(image).enhance(1.0 + 0.4 * s)
    if tag == "contrast_down":
        return ImageEnhance.Contrast(image).enhance(1.0 - 0.3 * s)
    if tag == "gamma_up":
        gamma = 1.0 / (1.0 + 0.3 * s)
        return _apply_gamma(image, gamma)
    if tag == "gamma_down":
        gamma = 1.0 + 0.3 * s
        return _apply_gamma(image, gamma)
    if tag == "autocontrast":
        return ImageOps.autocontrast(image.convert("RGB"), cutoff=int(2 * s))
    if tag == "posterize":
        bits = max(3, int(8 - s))
        return ImageOps.posterize(image.convert("RGB"), bits)
    if tag == "sepia":
        return _apply_sepia(image, s)
    if tag == "hue_shift":
        return _apply_hue_shift(image, s)
    if tag == "tint_red":
        return _apply_tint(image, "red", s)
    if tag == "tint_green":
        return _apply_tint(image, "green", s)
    if tag == "tint_blue":
        return _apply_tint(image, "blue", s)
    if tag == "invert":
        return ImageOps.invert(image.convert("RGB"))
    if tag == "rotate":
        angle = random.uniform(0, 360)
        fill = (128, 128, 128) if image.mode == "RGB" else (128, 128, 128, 255)
        rotated = image.rotate(angle, expand=True, fillcolor=fill)
        return rotated, f"rotate({angle:.1f}°)"
    if tag == "rotate_90_random":
        degrees = random.choice([90, 270])
        direction = "CCW" if degrees == 90 else "CW"
        return _rotate_cardinal(image, degrees), f"rotate_90({direction})"
    if tag == "rotate_left":
        return _rotate_cardinal(image, 90), "rotate_left(90° CCW)"
    if tag == "rotate_right":
        return _rotate_cardinal(image, 270), "rotate_right(90° CW)"
    if tag == "rotate_180":
        return _rotate_cardinal(image, 180), "rotate_180"
    if tag == "flip":
        return image.transpose(Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT)
    if tag == "flip_vertical":
        return image.transpose(Image.FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM)
    if tag == "blur":
        return image.filter(ImageFilter.GaussianBlur(radius=1.5 * s))
    if tag == "sharpen":
        return image.filter(ImageFilter.UnsharpMask(radius=2, percent=int(120 * s)))
    if tag == "saturate":
        return ImageEnhance.Color(image).enhance(1.0 + 0.4 * s)
    if tag == "desaturate":
        return ImageEnhance.Color(image).enhance(1.0 - 0.35 * s)
    if tag == "crop_zoom":
        w, h = image.size
        crop_ratio = max(0.6, 0.85 - 0.1 * (s - 1.0))
        tw, th = int(w * crop_ratio), int(h * crop_ratio)
        left = (w - tw) // 2
        top = (h - th) // 2
        cropped = image.crop((left, top, left + tw, top + th))
        return cropped.resize((w, h), Image.Resampling.LANCZOS)
    if tag == "perspective":
        return _apply_perspective(image, s)
    if tag in STYLE_TAGS:
        styled = apply_style(image, tag, strength)
        return styled, f"style({STYLE_MODELS[tag]['label']})"

    return image


def _apply_perspective(image: Image.Image, strength: float) -> tuple[Image.Image, str]:
    """Perspective warp with output canvas fitted to include the full warped image."""
    arr = np.array(image.convert("RGB"))
    height, width = arr.shape[:2]
    margin = 0.10 * strength * min(width, height)

    src = np.float32([[0, 0], [width - 1, 0], [width - 1, height - 1], [0, height - 1]])
    offsets = np.random.uniform(-margin, margin, size=(4, 2)).astype(np.float32)
    dst = src + offsets

    matrix = cv2.getPerspectiveTransform(src, dst)
    warped_corners = cv2.perspectiveTransform(src.reshape(1, 4, 2), matrix).reshape(4, 2)
    x_min, y_min = warped_corners.min(axis=0)
    x_max, y_max = warped_corners.max(axis=0)

    translate = np.array([[1, 0, -x_min], [0, 1, -y_min], [0, 0, 1]], dtype=np.float32)
    full_matrix = translate @ matrix
    out_w = max(1, int(np.ceil(x_max - x_min)))
    out_h = max(1, int(np.ceil(y_max - y_min)))

    warped = cv2.warpPerspective(
        arr,
        full_matrix,
        (out_w, out_h),
        flags=cv2.INTER_LINEAR,
        borderMode=cv2.BORDER_REPLICATE,
    )
    return Image.fromarray(warped), f"perspective(fitted {out_w}x{out_h})"


def apply_augmentations(
    image: Image.Image,
    tags: list[str],
    strength: float = 1.0,
    spatial_ops: list[dict] | None = None,
    instruction: str = "",
) -> tuple[Image.Image, list[str], list[dict]]:
    if image.mode not in ("RGB", "RGBA"):
        image = image.convert("RGB")

    applied = []
    applied_spatial = []
    result = image.copy()

    # Spatial ops (cover/cutout) run first so OCR text boxes stay aligned
    # with the original image before geometric transforms like rotate.
    if spatial_ops:
        result, applied_spatial = apply_spatial_ops(
            result, spatial_ops, strength=strength, instruction=instruction
        )

    for tag in tags:
        if tag not in ALLOWED_TAGS or tag in STYLE_TAGS:
            continue
        out = _apply_tag(result, tag, strength)
        if isinstance(out, tuple):
            result, label = out
            applied.append(label)
        else:
            result = out
            applied.append(tag)

    for tag in tags:
        if tag not in STYLE_TAGS:
            continue
        out = _apply_tag(result, tag, strength)
        if isinstance(out, tuple):
            result, label = out
            applied.append(label)
        else:
            result = out
            applied.append(tag)

    if result.mode == "RGBA":
        pass
    else:
        result = result.convert("RGB")

    return result, applied, applied_spatial