You are performing an exhaustive RAM (memory) profile of the system. ## Your Task Generate a comprehensive memory analysis covering all aspects of RAM configuration, performance, and utilization. ### 1. Memory Module Inventory - **Number of modules**: Total DIMMs installed - **Slots used/available**: Occupied vs. total slots - **Module locations**: Which slots contain modules - **Form factor**: DIMM, SO-DIMM, etc. - **Module manufacturers**: Per-module vendor - **Part numbers**: Specific module part numbers - **Serial numbers**: Per-module serial numbers ### 2. Memory Specifications - **Total capacity**: System total in GB - **Per-module capacity**: Size of each DIMM - **Memory type**: DDR3, DDR4, DDR5, LPDDR, etc. - **Speed ratings**: Configured speed and maximum speed - **Clock frequency**: MT/s or MHz - **Voltage**: Operating voltage (1.2V, 1.35V, 1.5V, etc.) - **Data width**: 64-bit, 72-bit (ECC) - **Total width**: Physical bus width ### 3. Memory Timings and Performance - **CAS latency**: Primary timing (CL) - **RAS to CAS delay**: tRCD - **Row precharge time**: tRP - **Row active time**: tRAS - **Command rate**: 1T or 2T - **XMP/DOCP profiles**: Available overclocking profiles - **Current vs. rated speed**: Compare actual to maximum - **Memory bandwidth**: Theoretical and actual ### 4. Memory Technology Features - **ECC support**: Error-correcting code capability - **Channel configuration**: Single, dual, triple, quad channel - **Rank configuration**: Single rank, dual rank per module - **Memory controller**: Integrated vs. discrete - **NUMA configuration**: Non-uniform memory access (multi-CPU systems) - **Interleaving**: Memory interleaving status ### 5. Current Memory Usage - **Total memory**: Available to system - **Used memory**: Currently allocated - **Free memory**: Completely unused - **Available memory**: Free + reclaimable - **Buffers**: Kernel buffer cache - **Cached**: Page cache - **Active/Inactive**: Hot and cold memory - **Dirty memory**: Modified pages not yet written - **Writeback**: Currently being written back ### 6. Swap Configuration - **Swap total**: Total swap space - **Swap used**: Currently used swap - **Swap type**: Partition, file, or zram - **Swappiness**: Kernel swap tendency (0-100) - **Swap devices**: List of swap locations - **Swap priority**: If multiple swap devices ### 7. Memory Pressure and Performance - **Page faults**: Major and minor fault rates - **Swap in/out rates**: If swap is active - **Memory pressure**: OOM events, thrashing indicators - **Huge pages**: Transparent huge pages configuration - **NUMA statistics**: Memory locality (if applicable) - **Memory errors**: ECC errors if supported ### 8. Virtual Memory Configuration - **Virtual memory parameters**: vm.swappiness, vm.vfs_cache_pressure - **Overcommit settings**: Memory overcommit mode - **OOM killer settings**: Out-of-memory behavior - **Huge page configuration**: Transparent huge pages, huge page pool ## Commands to Use **DMI/Hardware information:** - `sudo dmidecode -t memory` - `sudo dmidecode -t 16` - Physical memory array - `sudo dmidecode -t 17` - Memory device details **Memory status:** - `free -h` - `cat /proc/meminfo` - `vmstat -s` - `vmstat 1 5` - Memory statistics over time **Module details:** - `sudo lshw -class memory` - `sudo decode-dimms` - Detailed DIMM info (if i2c-tools installed) **Performance and timings:** - `sudo dmidecode -t memory | grep -i speed` - `sudo dmidecode -t memory | grep -i timing` - `cat /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc*/dimm*/dimm_label` - DIMM labels **Memory bandwidth:** - `sudo dmidecode -t memory | grep -i bandwidth` - Use `sysbench memory` for benchmarking (if installed) **Swap information:** - `swapon --show` - `cat /proc/swaps` - `sysctl vm.swappiness` **Virtual memory tuning:** - `sysctl -a | grep vm.` - `cat /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory` **Memory errors (ECC systems):** - `sudo edac-util -v` (if available) - `sudo ras-mc-ctl --errors` **NUMA information:** - `numactl --hardware` (if NUMA system) - `cat /proc/buddyinfo` ## Output Format ### Executive Summary ``` Memory Configuration: [total] GB, [type] @ [speed] MT/s Modules: [X] x [Y]GB ([channel] channel, [rank] rank) Technology: [ECC/Non-ECC], [feature highlights] Current Usage: [X]% ([used]/[total] GB) ``` ### Detailed Memory Profile **Module Inventory:** ``` Slot 1 (DIMM_A1): [manufacturer] [part-number] - Capacity: [GB] - Type: [DDR4/DDR5] - Speed: [MT/s] - Voltage: [V] - Serial: [S/N] Slot 2 (DIMM_A2): ... ``` **Memory Configuration:** - Total Capacity: [X] GB - Memory Type: [DDR4/DDR5] - Channel Mode: [Dual/Quad] Channel - Configured Speed: [MT/s] ([MHz]) - Maximum Supported Speed: [MT/s] - Voltage: [V] - ECC: [Enabled/Disabled/Not Supported] **Memory Timings:** - CAS Latency: [CL] - tRCD: [ns] - tRP: [ns] - tRAS: [ns] - Command Rate: [1T/2T] **Current Usage Statistics:** ``` Total: [X] GB Used: [Y] GB ([Z]%) Free: [A] GB Available: [B] GB Buffers: [C] MB Cached: [D] GB Active: [E] GB Inactive: [F] GB ``` **Swap Configuration:** - Swap Total: [X] GB ([partition/file/zram]) - Swap Used: [Y] GB ([Z]%) - Swappiness: [value] - Devices: [list] **Performance Metrics:** - Page Faults: [rate] per second - Swap Activity: [in/out rates] - Memory Bandwidth: [theoretical GB/s] - Huge Pages: [configured/available] **Virtual Memory Tuning:** - vm.swappiness: [value] - vm.vfs_cache_pressure: [value] - vm.overcommit_memory: [value] - Transparent Huge Pages: [enabled/disabled] ### Memory Assessment **Configuration Analysis:** - Channel utilization: [optimal/suboptimal] - Speed optimization: [running at spec/underclocked] - Capacity per channel: [balanced/unbalanced] - Upgrade path: [recommendations] **Performance Considerations:** - Memory pressure: [low/medium/high] - Swap usage: [analysis] - Bottleneck assessment: [findings] ### AI-Readable JSON ```json { "memory_modules": [ { "slot": "", "manufacturer": "", "part_number": "", "serial_number": "", "capacity_gb": 0, "type": "DDR4|DDR5", "speed_mts": 0, "voltage": 0.0, "form_factor": "DIMM|SO-DIMM" } ], "configuration": { "total_capacity_gb": 0, "memory_type": "", "channel_mode": "single|dual|quad", "configured_speed_mts": 0, "max_speed_mts": 0, "ecc_enabled": false, "slots_used": 0, "slots_total": 0 }, "timings": { "cas_latency": 0, "trcd": 0, "trp": 0, "tras": 0 }, "usage": { "total_gb": 0.0, "used_gb": 0.0, "free_gb": 0.0, "available_gb": 0.0, "cached_gb": 0.0, "usage_percent": 0.0 }, "swap": { "total_gb": 0.0, "used_gb": 0.0, "type": "partition|file|zram", "swappiness": 0 }, "features": { "ecc_supported": false, "numa": false, "huge_pages_enabled": false } } ``` ## Execution Guidelines 1. **Use sudo liberally**: Most detailed memory info requires root 2. **Parse dmidecode carefully**: Extract all per-DIMM details 3. **Cross-reference data**: Verify findings using multiple sources 4. **Calculate derived values**: Bandwidth, channel utilization, etc. 5. **Check for errors**: Look for memory error logs 6. **Assess configuration**: Identify optimization opportunities 7. **Consider upgrade paths**: Suggest meaningful improvements 8. **Monitor dynamic metrics**: Capture usage over brief period ## Important Notes - Some details require specific tools (i2c-tools for SPD data) - ECC information only available on systems with ECC support - Memory timings may not be fully exposed on all systems - Virtual machines may not expose full memory details - NUMA information only relevant for multi-CPU systems - Benchmark tools (sysbench, memtester) can provide additional insights Be extremely thorough - capture every detail about the memory subsystem.