# Construct: versioned, append-only. Edits create a NEW version (see registries rule).
construct_id: gse
version: 1
name: General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE)
language: en
category: General self-efficacy
description: General self-efficacy - General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE).
citation: 'Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright,
  & M. Johnston (Eds.), Measures in health psychology: A user’s portfolio. Causal and control beliefs
  (pp. 35–37). NFER-NELSON.'
verification_status: verified
source_url: https://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~health/engscal.htm
rights_note: Author/researcher-hosted scale; check local permission requirements before commercial use.
questionnaire: General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE)
reverse_flags_source: reviewed_2026-08-25_noor_skhiri
imported_from: lib.xlsx
review:
  reviewer: Noor Skhiri
  date: '2026-08-25'
  outcome: verified
items:
- item_id: gse_1
  text: I can always manage to solve difficult problems if I try hard enough.
  reverse_scored: false
- item_id: gse_2
  text: If someone opposes me, I can find the means and ways to get what I want.
  reverse_scored: false
- item_id: gse_3
  text: It is easy for me to stick to my aims and accomplish my goals.
  reverse_scored: false
- item_id: gse_4
  text: I am confident that I could deal efficiently with unexpected events.
  reverse_scored: false
- item_id: gse_5
  text: Thanks to my resourcefulness, I know how to handle unforeseen situations.
  reverse_scored: false
- item_id: gse_6
  text: I can solve most problems if I invest the necessary effort.
  reverse_scored: false
- item_id: gse_7
  text: I can remain calm when facing difficulties because I can rely on my coping abilities.
  reverse_scored: false
- item_id: gse_8
  text: When I am confronted with a problem, I can usually find several solutions.
  reverse_scored: false
- item_id: gse_9
  text: If I am in trouble, I can usually think of a solution.
  reverse_scored: false
- item_id: gse_10
  text: I can usually handle whatever comes my way.
  reverse_scored: false