# Superseded by version 2 (spec 0007). Kept so runs that used this
# version still resolve; never edit a published version in place.
construct_id: individualism_horizontal
version: 1
name: Individualism (Horizontal)
language: en
category: cultural-orientation
description: Self-reliance and independence from in-groups (Triandis & Gelfand horizontal individualism).
citation: Triandis, H. C., & Gelfand, M. J. (1998). Converging measurement of horizontal and vertical
  individualism and collectivism. JPSP, 74(1).
verification_status: archived
review:
  reviewer: Noor Skhiri
  date: '2026-08-25'
  outcome: superseded_by_version_2
items:
- item_id: hi_1
  text: I'd rather depend on myself than others.
  reverse_scored: false
- item_id: hi_2
  text: I rely on myself most of the time; I rarely rely on others.
  reverse_scored: false
- item_id: hi_3
  text: I often do my own thing.
  reverse_scored: false
- item_id: hi_4
  text: My personal identity, independent of others, is very important to me.
  reverse_scored: false