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| | |
| | <header class="header-gradient text-white rounded-2xl shadow-xl mb-12 overflow-hidden"> |
| | <div class="p-8 md:p-12"> |
| | <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row items-center justify-between gap-6 header-content"> |
| | <div class="flex items-center gap-4"> |
| | <div class="bg-white/20 p-4 rounded-xl"> |
| | <i class="fas fa-file-code text-4xl"></i> |
| | </div> |
| | <div> |
| | <h1 class="text-3xl md:text-4xl font-bold">C++ Exam Cheat Sheet (1-Page)</h1> |
| | <div class="mt-2 flex flex-wrap gap-2"> |
| | <span class="badge bg-white/20">OOP</span> |
| | <span class="badge bg-white/20">C++</span> |
| | <span class="badge bg-white/20">Exam Prep</span> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | <div class="text-center md:text-right"> |
| | <p class="text-lg font-medium"><i class="fas fa-book mr-2"></i>Subject: Object-Oriented Programming with C++</p> |
| | <p class="text-lg mt-1"><i class="fas fa-user-graduate mr-2"></i>For: Diploma in Computer Engineering (2nd Year)</p> |
| | <p class="text-lg mt-1"><i class="fas fa-database mr-2"></i>Based on: Official Question Bank (Units 1–3)</p> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | </header> |
| |
|
| | <div class="grid grid-cols-1 lg:grid-cols-3 gap-8"> |
| | |
| | <div class="unit-card bg-white shadow-lg"> |
| | <div class="unit-1 text-white p-6"> |
| | <h2 class="text-2xl font-bold flex items-center gap-2"> |
| | <i class="fas fa-cube"></i> UNIT 1: Principles of OOP |
| | </h2> |
| | </div> |
| | <div class="p-6"> |
| | |
| | <div class="mb-8"> |
| | <div class="flex items-center gap-2 mb-4"> |
| | <h3 class="text-xl font-bold text-primary">OOP Definition (2 marks)</h3> |
| | <span class="badge bg-primary/20 text-primary">Key Concept</span> |
| | </div> |
| | <div class="bg-blue-50 p-4 rounded-lg border-l-4 border-primary mb-4"> |
| | <p class="font-medium"> |
| | <span class="highlight">OOP</span> = Object-Oriented Programming. It uses |
| | <span class="highlight">objects</span> (instances of classes) to model real-world entities. |
| | Focuses on <span class="highlight">data security, reusability, and modularity</span>. |
| | </p> |
| | </div> |
| | <div class="mt-4"> |
| | <h4 class="font-bold text-lg text-dark mb-2">Core Concepts (Remember A PIE):</h4> |
| | <div class="grid grid-cols-1 sm:grid-cols-2 gap-3"> |
| | <div class="concept-pill text-primary"> |
| | <i class="fas fa-eye-slash"></i> <span class="font-bold">A</span>bstracton → Hide internal details |
| | </div> |
| | <div class="concept-pill text-primary"> |
| | <i class="fas fa-shapes"></i> <span class="font-bold">P</span>olymorphism → One name, many forms |
| | </div> |
| | <div class="concept-pill text-primary"> |
| | <i class="fas fa-sitemap"></i> <span class="font-bold">I</span>nheritance → Reuse parent class |
| | </div> |
| | <div class="concept-pill text-primary"> |
| | <i class="fas fa-box"></i> <span class="font-bold">E</span>ncapsulation → Bind data + functions |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| |
|
| | |
| | <div class="mb-8"> |
| | <h3 class="text-xl font-bold text-primary mb-4">OOP vs POP (3 marks)</h3> |
| | <div class="table-container"> |
| | <table class="min-w-full divide-y divide-gray-200 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> |
| | <thead class="bg-primary/10"> |
| | <tr> |
| | <th class="px-4 py-3 text-left font-medium text-dark">Feature</th> |
| | <th class="px-4 py-3 text-left font-medium text-dark">OOP</th> |
| | <th class="px-4 py-3 text-left font-medium text-dark">POP</th> |
| | </tr> |
| | </thead> |
| | <tbody class="divide-y divide-gray-200"> |
| | <tr class="hover:bg-gray-50"> |
| | <td class="px-4 py-3 font-medium">Approach</td> |
| | <td class="px-4 py-3">Bottom-up</td> |
| | <td class="px-4 py-3">Top-down</td> |
| | </tr> |
| | <tr class="hover:bg-gray-50"> |
| | <td class="px-4 py-3 font-medium">Data & Functions</td> |
| | <td class="px-4 py-3">Combined (in objects)</td> |
| | <td class="px-4 py-3">Separate</td> |
| | </tr> |
| | <tr class="hover:bg-gray-50"> |
| | <td class="px-4 py-3 font-medium">Inheritance</td> |
| | <td class="px-4 py-3 text-green-600"><i class="fas fa-check-circle mr-1"></i> Yes</td> |
| | <td class="px-4 py-3 text-red-600"><i class="fas fa-times-circle mr-1"></i> No</td> |
| | </tr> |
| | <tr class="hover:bg-gray-50"> |
| | <td class="px-4 py-3 font-medium">Access Control</td> |
| | <td class="px-4 py-3 text-green-600"><i class="fas fa-check-circle mr-1"></i> (public/private)</td> |
| | <td class="px-4 py-3 text-red-600"><i class="fas fa-times-circle mr-1"></i> No</td> |
| | </tr> |
| | <tr class="hover:bg-gray-50"> |
| | <td class="px-4 py-3 font-medium">Examples</td> |
| | <td class="px-4 py-3">C++, Java</td> |
| | <td class="px-4 py-3">C, BASIC</td> |
| | </tr> |
| | </tbody> |
| | </table> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| |
|
| | |
| | <div class="mb-8"> |
| | <h3 class="text-xl font-bold text-primary mb-4">Access Specifiers (3–4 marks)</h3> |
| | <div class="table-container"> |
| | <table class="min-w-full divide-y divide-gray-200 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg overflow-hidden"> |
| | <thead class="bg-primary/10"> |
| | <tr> |
| | <th class="px-4 py-3 text-left font-medium text-dark">Specifier</th> |
| | <th class="px-4 py-3 text-left font-medium text-dark">Access</th> |
| | </tr> |
| | </thead> |
| | <tbody class="divide-y divide-gray-200"> |
| | <tr class="hover:bg-gray-50"> |
| | <td class="px-4 py-3 font-medium"><code>public</code></td> |
| | <td class="px-4 py-3">Anywhere</td> |
| | </tr> |
| | <tr class="hover:bg-gray-50"> |
| | <td class="px-4 py-3 font-medium"><code>private</code></td> |
| | <td class="px-4 py-3">Only in class</td> |
| | </tr> |
| | <tr class="hover:bg-gray-50"> |
| | <td class="px-4 py-3 font-medium"><code>protected</code></td> |
| | <td class="px-4 py-3">In class & derived classes</td> |
| | </tr> |
| | </tbody> |
| | </table> |
| | </div> |
| | <div class="mt-4 bg-yellow-50 p-4 rounded-lg border-l-4 border-yellow-500"> |
| | <p class="font-medium text-dark"> |
| | <i class="fas fa-exclamation-circle text-yellow-500 mr-2"></i> |
| | <code>private</code> members <span class="font-bold">cannot be accessed in <code>main()</code></span>. |
| | </p> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| |
|
| | |
| | <div> |
| | <h3 class="text-xl font-bold text-primary mb-4">Scope Resolution Operator (::) (3 marks)</h3> |
| | <p class="mb-4">Used to:</p> |
| | <ol class="list-decimal list-inside mb-4 space-y-2"> |
| | <li>Access <span class="highlight">global variable</span> when local has same name</li> |
| | <li>Define <span class="highlight">member functions outside class</span></li> |
| | </ol> |
| | <div class="code-block"> |
| | <pre class="text-green-400 code-font"><code>int x = 10; |
| | int main() { |
| | int x = 20; |
| | cout << ::x; // prints 10 |
| | }</code></pre> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| |
|
| | |
| | <div class="unit-card bg-white shadow-lg"> |
| | <div class="unit-2 text-white p-6"> |
| | <h2 class="text-2xl font-bold flex items-center gap-2"> |
| | <i class="fas fa-functions"></i> UNIT 2: Functions, Classes & Objects |
| | </h2> |
| | </div> |
| | <div class="p-6"> |
| | |
| | <div class="mb-8"> |
| | <h3 class="text-xl font-bold text-secondary mb-4">Inline Function (3–4 marks)</h3> |
| | <div class="bg-amber-50 p-4 rounded-lg border-l-4 border-secondary mb-4"> |
| | <p class="font-medium"> |
| | Function expanded at compile time for speed. Use <code class="highlight">inline</code> keyword. |
| | </p> |
| | </div> |
| | <div class="code-block"> |
| | <pre class="text-green-400 code-font"><code>inline int cube(int a) { |
| | return a * a * a; |
| | }</code></pre> |
| | </div> |
| | <div class="mt-4 bg-yellow-50 p-4 rounded-lg border-l-4 border-yellow-500"> |
| | <p class="font-medium text-dark"> |
| | <i class="fas fa-lightbulb text-yellow-500 mr-2"></i> |
| | Use for <span class="font-bold">short, frequently called functions</span>. |
| | </p> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| |
|
| | |
| | <div class="mb-8"> |
| | <h3 class="text-xl font-bold text-secondary mb-4">Function Overloading (3–4 marks)</h3> |
| | <div class="bg-amber-50 p-4 rounded-lg border-l-4 border-secondary mb-4"> |
| | <p class="font-medium"> |
| | Same name, <span class="highlight">different parameters</span> (number or type). |
| | <span class="font-bold">Not by return type</span>. |
| | </p> |
| | </div> |
| | <div class="code-block"> |
| | <pre class="text-green-400 code-font"><code>class Cal { |
| | public: |
| | int add(int a, int b) { return a+b; } |
| | int add(int a, int b, int c) { return a+b+c; } |
| | };</code></pre> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| |
|
| | |
| | <div class="mb-8"> |
| | <h3 class="text-xl font-bold text-secondary mb-4">Friend Function (3 marks)</h3> |
| | <div class="bg-amber-50 p-4 rounded-lg border-l-4 border-secondary mb-4"> |
| | <p class="font-medium"> |
| | Non-member function that can access <code>private</code> members using <code>friend</code>. |
| | </p> |
| | </div> |
| | <div class="code-block"> |
| | <pre class="text-green-400 code-font"><code>class Test { |
| | int a; |
| | public: |
| | friend void show(Test t); |
| | }; |
| |
|
| | void show(Test t) { |
| | cout << t.a; // OK! |
| | }</code></pre> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| |
|
| | |
| | <div> |
| | <h3 class="text-xl font-bold text-secondary mb-4">Class & Object (2 marks)</h3> |
| | <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4"> |
| | <div class="key-point"> |
| | <h4 class="font-bold text-lg text-secondary mb-2 flex items-center gap-2"> |
| | <i class="fas fa-blueprint"></i> Class |
| | </h4> |
| | <p>Blueprint (<code class="bg-secondary/10 p-1 rounded">class Student {};</code>)</p> |
| | </div> |
| | <div class="key-point"> |
| | <h4 class="font-bold text-lg text-secondary mb-2 flex items-center gap-2"> |
| | <i class="fas fa-cube"></i> Object |
| | </h4> |
| | <p>Instance (<code class="bg-secondary/10 p-1 rounded">Student s1;</code>)</p> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | <div class="mt-4 bg-yellow-50 p-4 rounded-lg border-l-4 border-yellow-500"> |
| | <p class="font-medium text-dark"> |
| | <i class="fas fa-info-circle text-yellow-500 mr-2"></i> |
| | An <span class="font-bold">instance of a class</span> = object created at runtime. |
| | </p> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| |
|
| | |
| | <div class="unit-card bg-white shadow-lg"> |
| | <div class="unit-3 text-white p-6"> |
| | <h2 class="text-2xl font-bold flex items-center gap-2"> |
| | <i class="fas fa-tools"></i> UNIT 3: Constructor & Destructor |
| | </h2> |
| | </div> |
| | <div class="p-6"> |
| | |
| | <div class="mb-8"> |
| | <h3 class="text-xl font-bold text-tertiary mb-4">Constructor (3 marks)</h3> |
| | <div class="bg-emerald-50 p-4 rounded-lg border-l-4 border-tertiary mb-4"> |
| | <p class="font-medium"> |
| | Special function with <span class="highlight">same name as class</span>, called |
| | <span class="highlight">automatically</span> when object is created. |
| | <span class="font-bold">No return type</span>. |
| | </p> |
| | </div> |
| | <div> |
| | <h4 class="font-bold text-lg text-dark mb-3">Types:</h4> |
| | <div class="space-y-3"> |
| | <div class="flex items-start gap-3"> |
| | <div class="bg-tertiary text-white rounded-full h-6 w-6 flex items-center justify-center mt-1 flex-shrink-0">1</div> |
| | <div> |
| | <span class="font-bold">Default</span> → No parameters |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | <div class="flex items-start gap-3"> |
| | <div class="bg-tertiary text-white rounded-full h-6 w-6 flex items-center justify-center mt-1 flex-shrink-0">2</div> |
| | <div> |
| | <span class="font-bold">Parameterized</span> → Takes parameters |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | <div class="flex items-start gap-3"> |
| | <div class="bg-tertiary text-white rounded-full h-6 w-6 flex items-center justify-center mt-1 flex-shrink-0">3</div> |
| | <div> |
| | <span class="font-bold">Copy</span> → Initializes using another object |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| |
|
| | |
| | <div class="mb-8"> |
| | <h3 class="text-xl font-bold text-tertiary mb-4">Parameterized Constructor (3–4 marks)</h3> |
| | <div class="code-block"> |
| | <pre class="text-green-400 code-font"><code>class Student { |
| | public: |
| | int id; |
| | string name; |
| | Student(int i, string n) { |
| | id = i; |
| | name = n; |
| | } |
| | }; |
| |
|
| | // Usage: Student s(101, "Rahul");</code></pre> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| |
|
| | |
| | <div> |
| | <h3 class="text-xl font-bold text-tertiary mb-4">Program: Student Details (3 marks)</h3> |
| | <div class="code-block"> |
| | <pre class="text-green-400 code-font"><code>#include <iostream> |
| | using namespace std; |
| |
|
| | class Student { |
| | public: |
| | int id; |
| | string name; |
| | float salary; |
| | Student(int i, string n, float s) { |
| | id = i; |
| | name = n; |
| | salary = s; |
| | } |
| | void display() { |
| | cout << id << " " << name << " " << salary << endl; |
| | } |
| | }; |
| |
|
| | int main() { |
| | Student s1(101, "Rahul", 50000); |
| | s1.display(); |
| | return 0; |
| | }</code></pre> |
| | </div> |
| | <div class="mt-4 bg-emerald-50 p-4 rounded-lg border-l-4 border-emerald-500"> |
| | <p class="font-medium text-dark"> |
| | <i class="fas fa-pen-alt text-emerald-500 mr-2"></i> |
| | <span class="font-bold">Write this in exam</span> — covers Q25, Q27, and constructor use. |
| | </p> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| |
|
| | |
| | <div class="mt-12 bg-white rounded-2xl shadow-lg overflow-hidden"> |
| | <div class="bg-gradient-to-r from-primary to-secondary p-6"> |
| | <h2 class="text-2xl font-bold text-white flex items-center gap-3"> |
| | <i class="fas fa-lightbulb"></i> Quick Tips for Exam |
| | </h2> |
| | </div> |
| | <div class="p-6 grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3 gap-6"> |
| | <div class="tip-card p-5 rounded-lg flex items-start gap-3"> |
| | <i class="fas fa-pen text-2xl mt-1"></i> |
| | <div> |
| | <h3 class="font-bold text-lg text-dark mb-2">Write Neatly & Underline</h3> |
| | <p>Underline keywords: <code class="bg-primary/10 p-1 rounded">private</code>, |
| | <code class="bg-primary/10 p-1 rounded">friend</code>, |
| | <code class="bg-primary/10 p-1 rounded">inline</code>, |
| | <code class="bg-primary/10 p-1 rounded">::</code></p> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | |
| | <div class="tip-card p-5 rounded-lg flex items-start gap-3"> |
| | <i class="fas fa-table text-2xl mt-1"></i> |
| | <div> |
| | <h3 class="font-bold text-lg text-dark mb-2">Draw Tables</h3> |
| | <p>For comparisons (OOP vs POP, access specifiers) to organize information clearly.</p> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | |
| | <div class="tip-card p-5 rounded-lg flex items-start gap-3"> |
| | <i class="fas fa-code text-2xl mt-1"></i> |
| | <div> |
| | <h3 class="font-bold text-lg text-dark mb-2">Write Small Code</h3> |
| | <p>Even 4 lines with comments = full marks. Focus on key concepts.</p> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | |
| | <div class="tip-card p-5 rounded-lg flex items-start gap-3"> |
| | <i class="fas fa-hourglass-half text-2xl mt-1"></i> |
| | <div> |
| | <h3 class="font-bold text-lg text-dark mb-2">Time Management</h3> |
| | <p>Spend 1 min per 2 marks — don't over-write answers.</p> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | |
| | <div class="tip-card p-5 rounded-lg flex items-start gap-3"> |
| | <i class="fas fa-exclamation-triangle text-2xl mt-1"></i> |
| | <div> |
| | <h3 class="font-bold text-lg text-dark mb-2">Don't Leave Blanks</h3> |
| | <p>If blank, write something — definition, syntax, or example.</p> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | |
| | <div class="tip-card p-5 rounded-lg flex items-start gap-3"> |
| | <i class="fas fa-check-circle text-2xl mt-1"></i> |
| | <div> |
| | <h3 class="font-bold text-lg text-dark mb-2">Review Core Concepts</h3> |
| | <p>Focus on A PIE (Abstraction, Polymorphism, Inheritance, Encapsulation).</p> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
| | </div> |
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|
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| | <footer class="mt-12 text-center text-gray-600"> |
| | <p class="mb-2">C++ Exam Cheat Sheet - Diploma in Computer Engineering (2nd Year)</p> |
| | <p>Based on Official Question Bank - Units 1–3</p> |
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