mini_lang.js

const TokenType = {
  NUMBER: "NUMBER",
  IDENT: "IDENT",
  LET: "LET",
  PRINT: "PRINT",
  EQUAL: "EQUAL",
  PLUS: "PLUS",
  MINUS: "MINUS",
  STAR: "STAR",
  SLASH: "SLASH",
  SEMICOLON: "SEMICOLON",
  LPAREN: "LPAREN",
  RPAREN: "RPAREN",
  EOF: "EOF",
};

const keywords = {
  let: TokenType.LET,
  print: TokenType.PRINT,
};

class Token {
  constructor(type, lexeme, literal, position) {
    this.type = type;
    this.lexeme = lexeme;
    this.literal = literal;
    this.position = position;
  }
}

class Lexer {
  constructor(source) {
    this.source = source;
    this.tokens = [];
    this.start = 0;
    this.current = 0;
    this.line = 1;
    this.column = 1;
  }

  scanTokens() {
    while (!this.isAtEnd()) {
      this.start = this.current;
      this.scanToken();
    }
    this.tokens.push(new Token(TokenType.EOF, "", null, { line: this.line, column: this.column }));
    return this.tokens;
  }

  isAtEnd() {
    return this.current >= this.source.length;
  }

  scanToken() {
    const c = this.advance();
    if (this.isDigit(c)) {
      this.number();
      return;
    }
    if (this.isAlpha(c)) {
      this.identifier();
      return;
    }
    switch (c) {
      case "+":
        this.addToken(TokenType.PLUS);
        break;
      case "-":
        this.addToken(TokenType.MINUS);
        break;
      case "*":
        this.addToken(TokenType.STAR);
        break;
      case "/":
        if (this.match("/")) {
          while (!this.isAtEnd() && this.peek() !== "\n") {
            this.advance();
          }
        } else {
          this.addToken(TokenType.SLASH);
        }
        break;
      case "=":
        this.addToken(TokenType.EQUAL);
        break;
      case ";":
        this.addToken(TokenType.SEMICOLON);
        break;
      case "(":
        this.addToken(TokenType.LPAREN);
        break;
      case ")":
        this.addToken(TokenType.RPAREN);
        break;
      case " ":
      case "\r":
      case "\t":
        break;
      case "\n":
        this.line += 1;
        this.column = 1;
        break;
      default:
        throw new Error("无法识别的字符: '" + c + "' 在第 " + this.line + " 行");
    }
  }

  advance() {
    const ch = this.source[this.current];
    this.current += 1;
    this.column += 1;
    return ch;
  }

  addToken(type, literal = null) {
    const text = this.source.slice(this.start, this.current);
    this.tokens.push(new Token(type, text, literal, { line: this.line, column: this.column }));
  }

  match(expected) {
    if (this.isAtEnd()) return false;
    if (this.source[this.current] !== expected) return false;
    this.current += 1;
    this.column += 1;
    return true;
  }

  peek() {
    if (this.isAtEnd()) return "\0";
    return this.source[this.current];
  }

  isDigit(c) {
    return c >= "0" && c <= "9";
  }

  isAlpha(c) {
    return (c >= "a" && c <= "z") || (c >= "A" && c <= "Z") || c === "_";
  }

  isAlphaNumeric(c) {
    return this.isAlpha(c) || this.isDigit(c);
  }

  number() {
    while (this.isDigit(this.peek())) {
      this.advance();
    }
    if (this.peek() === "." && this.isDigit(this.peekNext())) {
      this.advance();
      while (this.isDigit(this.peek())) {
        this.advance();
      }
    }
    const text = this.source.slice(this.start, this.current);
    const value = Number(text);
    this.addToken(TokenType.NUMBER, value);
  }

  peekNext() {
    if (this.current + 1 >= this.source.length) return "\0";
    return this.source[this.current + 1];
  }

  identifier() {
    while (this.isAlphaNumeric(this.peek())) {
      this.advance();
    }
    const text = this.source.slice(this.start, this.current);
    const type = keywords[text] || TokenType.IDENT;
    this.addToken(type);
  }
}

class Parser {
  constructor(tokens) {
    this.tokens = tokens;
    this.current = 0;
  }

  parseProgram() {
    const statements = [];
    while (!this.isAtEnd()) {
      statements.push(this.statement());
    }
    return { type: "Program", statements };
  }

  statement() {
    if (this.match(TokenType.LET)) return this.letStatement();
    if (this.match(TokenType.PRINT)) return this.printStatement();
    const expr = this.expression();
    this.consume(TokenType.SEMICOLON, "期望在表达式后面出现分号");
    return { type: "ExprStmt", expression: expr };
  }

  letStatement() {
    const nameToken = this.consume(TokenType.IDENT, "let 后面需要变量名");
    this.consume(TokenType.EQUAL, "变量声明需要等号");
    const initializer = this.expression();
    this.consume(TokenType.SEMICOLON, "变量声明后需要分号");
    return { type: "LetStmt", name: nameToken.lexeme, initializer };
  }

  printStatement() {
    const value = this.expression();
    this.consume(TokenType.SEMICOLON, "print 后需要分号");
    return { type: "PrintStmt", expression: value };
  }

  expression() {
    return this.term();
  }

  term() {
    let expr = this.factor();
    while (this.match(TokenType.PLUS) || this.match(TokenType.MINUS)) {
      const operator = this.previous();
      const right = this.factor();
      expr = { type: "Binary", left: expr, operator: operator.type, right };
    }
    return expr;
  }

  factor() {
    let expr = this.unary();
    while (this.match(TokenType.STAR) || this.match(TokenType.SLASH)) {
      const operator = this.previous();
      const right = this.unary();
      expr = { type: "Binary", left: expr, operator: operator.type, right };
    }
    return expr;
  }

  unary() {
    if (this.match(TokenType.MINUS)) {
      const operator = this.previous();
      const right = this.unary();
      return { type: "Unary", operator: operator.type, right };
    }
    return this.primary();
  }

  primary() {
    if (this.match(TokenType.NUMBER)) {
      return { type: "Literal", value: this.previous().literal };
    }
    if (this.match(TokenType.IDENT)) {
      return { type: "Variable", name: this.previous().lexeme };
    }
    if (this.match(TokenType.LPAREN)) {
      const expr = this.expression();
      this.consume(TokenType.RPAREN, "缺少右括号");
      return expr;
    }
    throw new Error("无法解析的表达式起始符号");
  }

  match(type) {
    if (this.check(type)) {
      this.advance();
      return true;
    }
    return false;
  }

  consume(type, message) {
    if (this.check(type)) return this.advance();
    throw new Error(message);
  }

  check(type) {
    if (this.isAtEnd()) return false;
    return this.peek().type === type;
  }

  advance() {
    if (!this.isAtEnd()) this.current += 1;
    return this.previous();
  }

  isAtEnd() {
    return this.peek().type === TokenType.EOF;
  }

  peek() {
    return this.tokens[this.current];
  }

  previous() {
    return this.tokens[this.current - 1];
  }
}

class Interpreter {
  constructor() {
    this.globals = Object.create(null);
  }

  execute(program, outputCallback = console.log) {
    for (const stmt of program.statements) {
      this.executeStatement(stmt, outputCallback);
    }
  }

  executeStatement(stmt, outputCallback) {
    switch (stmt.type) {
      case "LetStmt":
        this.globals[stmt.name] = this.evaluate(stmt.initializer);
        break;
      case "PrintStmt":
        const value = this.evaluate(stmt.expression);
        outputCallback(value);
        break;
      case "ExprStmt":
        this.evaluate(stmt.expression);
        break;
      default:
        throw new Error("未知语句类型: " + stmt.type);
    }
  }

  evaluate(expr) {
    switch (expr.type) {
      case "Literal":
        return expr.value;
      case "Variable":
        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.globals, expr.name)) {
          return this.globals[expr.name];
        }
        throw new Error("未定义的变量: " + expr.name);
      case "Unary":
        const right = this.evaluate(expr.right);
        if (expr.operator === TokenType.MINUS) {
          this.ensureNumber(right);
          return -right;
        }
        throw new Error("未知一元运算符");
      case "Binary":
        const left = this.evaluate(expr.left);
        const r = this.evaluate(expr.right);
        if (expr.operator === TokenType.PLUS) {
          this.ensureNumber(left);
          this.ensureNumber(r);
          return left + r;
        }
        if (expr.operator === TokenType.MINUS) {
          this.ensureNumber(left);
          this.ensureNumber(r);
          return left - r;
        }
        if (expr.operator === TokenType.STAR) {
          this.ensureNumber(left);
          this.ensureNumber(r);
          return left * r;
        }
        if (expr.operator === TokenType.SLASH) {
          this.ensureNumber(left);
          this.ensureNumber(r);
          return left / r;
        }
        throw new Error("未知二元运算符");
      default:
        throw new Error("未知表达式类型: " + expr.type);
    }
  }

  ensureNumber(value) {
    if (typeof value !== "number" || Number.isNaN(value)) {
      throw new Error("期望数字类型");
    }
  }
}

function run(source, outputCallback = console.log) {
  const lexer = new Lexer(source);
  const tokens = lexer.scanTokens();
  const parser = new Parser(tokens);
  const program = parser.parseProgram();
  const interpreter = new Interpreter();
  interpreter.execute(program, outputCallback);
}

if (typeof module !== "undefined" && module.exports) {
  module.exports = { run };
} else {
  // 浏览器环境
  window.MiniLang = { run };
}