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app.py
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# app.py
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import math
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from typing import Dict, Any
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def darcy_weisbach_head_loss(f: float, L: float, D: float, V: float) -> float:
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'''Compute head loss h_f using DarcyWeisbach: h_f = f * (L/D) * V^2/(2*g)'''
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g = 9.80665
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return f * (L / D) * V**2 / (2 * g)
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def reynolds_number(V: float, D: float, nu: float) -> float:
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return V * D / nu
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def default_friction_factor(Re: float, roughness: float, D: float) -> float:
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'''Estimate friction factor. roughness in m'''
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if Re == 0:
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return float('nan')
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if Re < 2300:
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return 64.0 / Re
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# Haaland approximation for turbulent flow
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e = roughness
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return ( -1.8 * math.log10( (e/(3.7*D))**1.11 + 6.9/Re ) )**-2
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def bernoulli_pipe_flow(
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P1: float, P2: float,
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V1: float, V2: float,
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z1: float = 0.0, z2: float = 0.0,
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rho: float = 1000.0,
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mu: float = 0.001, # Pa.s dynamic viscosity
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roughness: float = 1.5e-6, # m
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D: float = 0.1, # m
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L: float = 1.0, # m
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friction_factor: float = None,
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use_darcy: bool = True,
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g: float = 9.80665
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) -> Dict[str, Any]:
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'''
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Deterministic backend.
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Inputs (SI units):
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P1, P2 : Pa
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V1, V2 : m/s
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z1, z2 : m
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rho : kg/m^3
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mu : Pa.s
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roughness : m
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D : m
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L : m
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Returns: structured dict containing:
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- inputs, intermediate values (Re, f, h_f),
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- head terms, computed left/right/pump_head,
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- explanations (text steps), summary.
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'''
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errors = []
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if rho <= 0: errors.append('rho must be > 0')
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if D <= 0: errors.append('D must be > 0')
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if L < 0: errors.append('L must be >= 0')
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for val in [P1,P2,V1,V2,z1,z2,rho,mu,D,L]:
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if not (isinstance(val,(int,float)) and math.isfinite(val)):
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errors.append('Inputs must be finite numbers')
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break
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if errors:
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return {'ok': False, 'errors': errors}
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nu = mu / rho
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Re1 = reynolds_number(V1, D, nu)
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Re2 = reynolds_number(V2, D, nu)
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f = friction_factor if friction_factor is not None else default_friction_factor(max(Re1,Re2), roughness, D)
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h_f = darcy_weisbach_head_loss(f, L, D, (V1+V2)/2.0) if use_darcy else 0.0
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# Bernoulli (in head units, m): Left = Right + h_f + h_pump - h_turbine
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left = P1/(rho*g) + V1**2/(2*g) + z1
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right = P2/(rho*g) + V2**2/(2*g) + z2
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# pump head required (positive => add head from 1->2)
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h_pump = left - right + h_f
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results = {
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'ok': True,
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'inputs': {
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'P1_Pa': P1, 'P2_Pa': P2,
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'V1_m_s': V1, 'V2_m_s': V2,
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'z1_m': z1, 'z2_m': z2,
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'rho_kg_m3': rho, 'mu_Pa_s': mu,
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'D_m': D, 'L_m': L, 'roughness_m': roughness
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},
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'intermediate': {
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'g_m_s2': g,
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'nu_m2_s': nu,
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'Re1': Re1, 'Re2': Re2,
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'friction_factor_f': f,
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'head_loss_hf_m': h_f
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},
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'head_terms': {
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'P1_over_rho_g_m': P1/(rho*g),
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'V1_sq_over_2g_m': V1**2/(2*g),
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'z1_m': z1,
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'P2_over_rho_g_m': P2/(rho*g),
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'V2_sq_over_2g_m': V2**2/(2*g),
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'z2_m': z2
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},
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'computed': {
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'left_hand_side_m': left,
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'right_hand_side_m': right,
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'pump_head_required_m': h_pump
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},
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'explanations': []
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}
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# Steps (human-readable)
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steps = []
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steps.append(f"Compute kinematic viscosity ν = μ / ρ = {mu} / {rho} = {nu:.6g} m^2/s")
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steps.append(f"Reynolds numbers: Re1 = V1·D/ν = {V1}·{D}/{nu:.6g} = {Re1:.3g}; Re2 = {Re2:.3g}")
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steps.append(f"Friction factor f (estimated) = {f:.6g}")
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steps.append(f"Head loss h_f = f·(L/D)·V_avg^2/(2g) = {h_f:.6g} m (V_avg={(V1+V2)/2.0:.6g} m/s)")
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steps.append("Apply extended Bernoulli in head units (m):")
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steps.append(f"Left = P1/(ρg) + V1^2/(2g) + z1 = {results['head_terms']['P1_over_rho_g_m']:.6g} + {results['head_terms']['V1_sq_over_2g_m']:.6g} + {z1} = {left:.6g} m")
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steps.append(f"Right = P2/(ρg) + V2^2/(2g) + z2 = {results['head_terms']['P2_over_rho_g_m']:.6g} + {results['head_terms']['V2_sq_over_2g_m']:.6g} + {z2} = {right:.6g} m")
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steps.append(f"Pump head required h_pump = Left - Right + h_f = {h_pump:.6g} m")
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results['explanations'] = steps
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results['summary'] = (f"To move fluid from point 1 -> 2 requires pump head {h_pump:.6g} m. "
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f"Estimated friction factor f={f:.6g} (Re ~ {max(Re1,Re2):.3g}). Head loss h_f={h_f:.6g} m.")
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return results
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# Deterministic explainer (consumes the structured record and returns text)
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import json, requests, os
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from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM, pipeline
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def deterministic_explainer(record: dict) -> str:
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if not record.get('ok', False):
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return 'Errors: ' + '; '.join(record.get('errors', ['Unknown error']))
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lines = []
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lines.append("--- EXPLANATION (deterministic)---")
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# Summary (always string)
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summary = record.get('summary', '')
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lines.append(str(summary))
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lines.append("Inputs (SI):")
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for k,v in record['inputs'].items():
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lines.append(f" - {k}: {v}")
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lines.append('Intermediate values:')
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for k,v in record['intermediate'].items():
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lines.append(f" - {k}: {v}")
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lines.append('Calculation steps:')
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for s in record.get('explanations',[]):
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lines.append(' * '+s)
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lines.append('Notes: Assumptions: incompressible, single-phase, steady flow. Use within validated ranges only.')
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return '\n'.join(lines)
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# Local LLM setup
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MODEL_ID = "TinyLlama/TinyLlama-1.1B-Chat-v1.0"
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(MODEL_ID)
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pipe = pipeline(
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task="text-generation",
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#model=AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(MODEL_ID),
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model=MODEL_ID,
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tokenizer=tokenizer
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)
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def _fmt_num(x, sig=4):
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'''Safe, short formatting for numbers (returns string).'''
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try:
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if x is None:
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return "N/A"
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if isinstance(x, (int,)):
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return str(x)
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if isinstance(x, float):
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# use general format with sig significant digits
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return f"{x:.{sig}g}"
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return str(x)
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except Exception:
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return str(x)
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def _llm_generate(prompt: str, max_tokens: int = 300) -> str:
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'''
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Run the local pipeline, then strip any echoed prompt and common instruction text.
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If the model echoes instructions, do one gentle retry with a simplified prompt.
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'''
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# Primary generation: deterministic (no sampling) is usually safer for engineering text.
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try:
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out = pipe(
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prompt,
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max_new_tokens=max_tokens,
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do_sample=False,
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temperature=0.0,
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return_full_text=True,
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)
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except Exception:
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# fallback: try return_full_text=False if first attempt fails for this model
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out = pipe(
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prompt,
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max_new_tokens=max_tokens,
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do_sample=False,
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temperature=0.0,
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return_full_text=False,
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)
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# get text (handle both pipeline variants)
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text = ""
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if isinstance(out, list) and len(out) > 0:
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text = out[0].get("generated_text", "") or out[0].get("text", "") or ""
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text = text or ""
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# If the model returned the prompt + output, strip the prompt if present
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if text.startswith(prompt):
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text = text[len(prompt):]
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text = text.strip()
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# If output looks like it merely repeated instructions, try a simpler short-prompt retry
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low_quality_indicators = [
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"Use bullet points", "Be sure to include", "Do not", "Do NOT",
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"Now produce", "System:", "User:", "Instruction:"
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]
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if (not text) or any(ind in text for ind in low_quality_indicators) or len(text) < 10:
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# simple short retry prompt asking for only the final answer
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simple_prompt = prompt + "
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Now produce ONLY the requested explanation below (no re-statement of the prompt or instructions):
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"
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try:
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out2 = pipe(
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simple_prompt,
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max_new_tokens=max_tokens,
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do_sample=False,
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temperature=0.0,
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return_full_text=True,
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)
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except Exception:
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out2 = pipe(
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simple_prompt,
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max_new_tokens=max_tokens,
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do_sample=False,
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temperature=0.0,
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return_full_text=False,
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)
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text2 = out2[0].get("generated_text", "") or out2[0].get("text", "") or ""
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if text2.startswith(simple_prompt):
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text2 = text2[len(simple_prompt):]
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text2 = text2.strip()
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if text2 and len(text2) > 10 and not any(ind in text2 for ind in low_quality_indicators):
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return text2
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# final fallback:
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return "[LLM failed to generate a usable explanation — try a different model or reduce the prompt size]"
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return text
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def llm_explain(record: dict) -> str:
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'''Deterministic explanation using numeric values, LLM optional for style.'''
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if not record.get("ok", False):
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return "Errors: " + "; ".join(record.get("errors", []))
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computed = record.get("computed", {})
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intermediate = record.get("intermediate", {})
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# Extract values
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pump_head = computed.get("pump_head_required_m", None)
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f = intermediate.get("friction_factor_f", None)
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hf = intermediate.get("head_loss_hf_m", None)
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Re1 = intermediate.get("Re1", None)
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Re2 = intermediate.get("Re2", None)
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# Flow regime classification
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Re_avg = (Re1 + Re2) / 2 if (Re1 is not None and Re2 is not None) else None
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if Re_avg is None or Re_avg != Re_avg:
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regime = "unknown"
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elif Re_avg < 2300:
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regime = "laminar"
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else:
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regime = "turbulent"
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# Format numbers
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ph_str = _fmt_num(pump_head)
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f_str = _fmt_num(f)
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hf_str = _fmt_num(hf)
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# Deterministic summary
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summary = f"Pump head is {ph_str} m, friction factor is {f_str}, and head loss is {hf_str} m. Flow is {regime}."
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explanation = (
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f"Summary paragraph: {summary}
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"
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f"Flow regime: {regime}
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"
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f"Warning: none
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"
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f"Key result: {ph_str} m"
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)
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return explanation
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import gradio as gr
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import json, requests
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# Paste the bernoulli_pipe_flow, deterministic_explainer, hf_llm_explainer functions here
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# (copy from the Colab cells above). For brevity, this file assumes they are present.
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# For example, import them from a module if you split code. Here we assume they are defined above.
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def compute_and_explain(P1,P2,V1,V2,z1,z2,rho,mu,D,L,roughness,use_darcy,hf_token,explain_mode):
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record = bernoulli_pipe_flow(P1,P2,V1,V2,z1,z2,rho,mu,roughness,D,L, None, use_darcy)
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if not record.get('ok'):
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return record, 'Errors: ' + '; '.join(record.get('errors',[]))
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if explain_mode == 'deterministic':
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explanation = deterministic_explainer(record)
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elif explain_mode == 'local_llm':
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explanation = llm_explain(record)
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else:
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explanation = "Unknown explanation mode selected."
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return record, explanation
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with gr.Blocks() as demo:
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gr.Markdown("# Bernoulli Pipe Flow Calculator")
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gr.Markdown("This Space hosts a Bernoulli pipe flow calculator for calculating the pump head loss for an internal flow system through a pipe. An example of one such pipe system is shown below. To utilize this calculator, simply fill in the required system metrics and hit 'compute'.")
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gr.Image('/file=bernoulli.png')
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with gr.Row():
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with gr.Column(scale=2):
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P1 = gr.Number(value=101325, label='P1 [Pa]')
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P2 = gr.Number(value=101325, label='P2 [Pa]')
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V1 = gr.Number(value=1.0, label='V1 [m/s]')
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V2 = gr.Number(value=1.0, label='V2 [m/s]')
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z1 = gr.Number(value=0.0, label='z1 [m]')
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z2 = gr.Number(value=0.0, label='z2 [m]')
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rho = gr.Number(value=1000.0, label='rho [kg/m^3]')
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mu = gr.Number(value=0.001, label='mu [Pa.s]')
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D = gr.Number(value=0.1, label='D [m]')
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L = gr.Number(value=10.0, label='L [m]')
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roughness = gr.Number(value=1.5e-6, label='roughness [m]')
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use_darcy = gr.Checkbox(value=True, label='Use Darcy–Weisbach')
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hf_token = gr.Textbox(value='', label='HF API token (optional)')
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run_btn = gr.Button('Compute')
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with gr.Column(scale=3):
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numeric_out = gr.JSON(label='Structured numeric result (JSON)')
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gr.Markdown('---')
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explain_mode = gr.Radio(['deterministic','local_llm'], value='deterministic', label='Explanation mode')
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explanation_out = gr.Textbox(lines=15, label='Explanation')
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run_btn.click(
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compute_and_explain,
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inputs=[P1,P2,V1,V2,z1,z2,rho,mu,D,L,roughness,use_darcy,hf_token,explain_mode],
|
| 339 |
-
outputs=[numeric_out, explanation_out]
|
| 340 |
-
)
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| 341 |
-
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| 342 |
-
demo.queue().launch()
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| 343 |
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