integrated_ml_taxonomy.json

{
  "Algorithms and Learning Methods": {
    "Supervised Learning": [
      "Classification",
      "Regression",
      "Structured Prediction",
      "Ranking and Preference Learning"
    ],
    "Unsupervised Learning": [
      "Clustering",
      "Density Estimation",
      "Unsupervised Representation Learning"
    ],
    "Semi-Supervised and Self-Supervised Learning": [
      "Semi-Supervised Learning",
      "Self-Supervised Learning"
    ],
    "Reinforcement Learning and Planning": [
      "Reinforcement Learning",
      "Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF)",
      "Markov Decision Processes",
      "Model-Based RL",
      "Multi-Agent RL",
      "Hierarchical RL",
      "Exploration",
      "Decision and Control",
      "Planning",
      "Planning Algorithms",
      "Navigation"
    ],
    "Transfer and Adaptation": [
      "Transfer Learning",
      "Meta-Learning",
      "Multitask Learning",
      "Lifelong Learning",
      "Continual Learning",
      "Few-Shot Learning",
      "Domain Adaptation",
      "Model Mixing Methods"
    ],
    "Representation Learning": [
      "Representation Learning",
      "Embedding Approaches",
      "Metric Learning",
      "Similarity and Distance Learning",
      "Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction and Manifold Learning",
      "Components Analysis (CCA, ICA, LDA, PCA)",
      "Sparse Coding and Dimensionality Expansion",
      "Sparsity and Compressed Sensing"
    ],
    "Model Alignment and Adaptation": [
      "Fine-Tuning",
      "Instruction-Tuning",
      "Prompt Tuning",
      "In-Context Learning",
      "Value Alignment and Human Feedback",
      "Alignment Methods"
    ],
    "Adversarial and Robust Learning": [
      "Adversarial Learning",
      "AI Red Teaming and Adversarial Testing",
      "Adversarial Attacks and Defenses",
      "Threat Models and Mitigations"
    ],
    "Active and Interactive Learning": [
      "Active Learning",
      "Online Learning",
      "Interactive Learning",
      "Bandit Algorithms",
      "Dialog- or Communication-Based Learning"
    ],
    "Ensemble and Boosting Methods": [
      "Boosting and Ensemble Methods"
    ],
    "Specialized Learning Paradigms": [
      "AutoML",
      "Multimodal Learning",
      "Relational Learning",
      "Collaborative Filtering",
      "Adaptive Data Analysis",
      "Communication- or Memory-Bounded Learning",
      "Large Scale Learning",
      "Program Induction",
      "Learning and Unlearning"
    ],
    "Data Handling": [
      "Missing Data",
      "Data Compression",
      "Model Selection and Structure Learning"
    ]
  },
  "Deep Learning": {
    "Architectures": [
      "CNN Architectures",
      "Recurrent Networks",
      "Attention Models",
      "Transformer Architectures",
      "Memory-Augmented Neural Networks",
      "Interaction-Based Deep Networks",
      "Biologically Plausible Deep Networks"
    ],
    "Model Types": [
      "Deep Autoencoders",
      "Adversarial Networks",
      "Generative Models",
      "Predictive Models",
      "Supervised Deep Networks"
    ],
    "Training and Optimization": [
      "Efficient Training Methods",
      "Distributed Training and Inference",
      "Training Dynamics",
      "Optimization Instability",
      "Efficient Inference Methods",
      "Optimization for Deep Networks"
    ],
    "Model Efficiency": [
      "Model Distillation",
      "Model Compression",
      "Quantization",
      "Sample Efficient Methods",
      "Memory Efficient Methods"
    ],
    "Inference and Decoding": [
      "Decoding Algorithms",
      "Reasoning Algorithms",
      "Search Algorithms"
    ],
    "Analysis and Interpretation": [
      "Analysis and Understanding of Deep Networks",
      "Visualization or Exposition Techniques for Deep Networks",
      "Interpretability and Explainability",
      "Demystification",
      "Scaling Laws",
      "Emergent Capabilities",
      "Grokking"
    ]
  },
  "Probabilistic Methods": {
    "Bayesian Methods": [
      "Bayesian Theory",
      "Bayesian Nonparametrics",
      "Gaussian Processes"
    ],
    "Inference": [
      "Variational Inference",
      "MCMC",
      "Belief Propagation",
      "Distributed Inference",
      "Uncertainty Estimation"
    ],
    "Models": [
      "Graphical Models",
      "Hierarchical Models",
      "Latent Variable Models",
      "Topic Models",
      "Causal Inference",
      "Causal Reasoning"
    ],
    "Probabilistic Programming": [
      "Probabilistic Programming"
    ]
  },
  "Optimization": {
    "Continuous Optimization": [
      "Convex Optimization",
      "Non-Convex Optimization",
      "Stochastic Optimization",
      "Stochastic Methods"
    ],
    "Discrete Optimization": [
      "Discrete Optimization",
      "Submodular Optimization"
    ],
    "Evolutionary Methods": [
      "Evolutionary Computation"
    ]
  },
  "Theory": {
    "Learning Theory": [
      "Computational Learning Theory",
      "Statistical Learning Theory",
      "Models of Learning and Generalization",
      "Hardness of Learning and Approximations",
      "Regularization",
      "Fundamental Limitations of Learning",
      "Complexity of Learning Systems"
    ],
    "Statistical Theory": [
      "Frequentist Statistics",
      "High-Dimensional Inference",
      "Large Deviations and Asymptotic Analysis"
    ],
    "Mathematical Foundations": [
      "Information Theory",
      "Control Theory",
      "Game Theory and Computational Economics",
      "Statistical Physics of Learning",
      "Spaces of Functions and Kernels",
      "Spectral Methods",
      "Kernel Methods",
      "Large Margin Methods"
    ],
    "Algorithmic Theory": [
      "Data-driven Algorithm Design"
    ]
  },
  "Knowledge and Reasoning": {
    "Knowledge Representation": [
      "Knowledge Models",
      "World Models",
      "Factuality"
    ],
    "Reasoning": [
      "Commonsense Reasoning",
      "Theory of Mind",
      "Social Norms Understanding",
      "Pragmatics"
    ],
    "Knowledge Integration": [
      "Retrieval-Augmented Models",
      "Tool Use and API Integration",
      "Neurosymbolic and Hybrid AI Systems (Physics-Informed, Logic, Formal Reasoning)"
    ]
  },
  "Evaluation and Benchmarking": {
    "Evaluation Methods": [
      "Benchmarks",
      "Evaluation Protocols and Metrics",
      "Human Evaluation",
      "Machine Evaluation",
      "Scalable Oversight"
    ],
    "Simulation and Testing": [
      "Simulation Environments",
      "Assurance Testing and Deployment Policies"
    ]
  },
  "Applications": {
    "Vision": [
      "Computer Vision",
      "Object Detection",
      "Object Recognition",
      "Image Segmentation",
      "Body Pose, Face, and Gesture Analysis",
      "Tracking and Motion in Video",
      "Video Analysis",
      "Visual Question Answering",
      "Visual Scene Analysis and Interpretation",
      "Computational Photography",
      "Denoising"
    ],
    "Language": [
      "Natural Language Processing",
      "Language Representation Learning",
      "Dialog Systems",
      "Conversational AI"
    ],
    "Audio and Speech": [
      "Audio and Speech Processing",
      "Speech Recognition",
      "Music Modeling and Analysis"
    ],
    "Multimodal": [
      "Multimodal Models",
      "Vision-Language Models",
      "Audio-Visual Learning",
      "Cross-Modal Learning"
    ],
    "Robotics and Embodied AI": [
      "Robotics",
      "Motor Control",
      "Autonomous Systems",
      "Perception and Action",
      "Embodied AI"
    ],
    "Code and Software": [
      "Program Understanding and Generation",
      "Code Generation",
      "Software Engineering with AI",
      "Automated Reasoning and Formal Methods"
    ],
    "Science and Engineering": [
      "Computational Biology and Bioinformatics",
      "Physical Sciences (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)",
      "Scientific Discovery",
      "Quantum Learning"
    ],
    "Mathematics": [
      "Mathematical Reasoning",
      "Theorem Proving",
      "Symbolic Mathematics"
    ],
    "Health and Medicine": [
      "Medical Applications",
      "Clinical Decision Support",
      "Drug Discovery",
      "Healthcare AI"
    ],
    "Education": [
      "Educational Applications",
      "Intelligent Tutoring Systems",
      "Educational Technology"
    ],
    "Social and Web": [
      "Computational Social Science",
      "Recommender Systems",
      "Information Retrieval",
      "Web Applications and Internet Data",
      "Network Analysis"
    ],
    "Interactive Systems": [
      "Game Playing",
      "Multi-Agent Systems",
      "Human-AI Interaction"
    ],
    "Data and Signals": [
      "Signal Processing",
      "Time Series Analysis",
      "Matrix and Tensor Factorization",
      "Database Applications"
    ],
    "Finance and Economics": [
      "Quantitative Finance and Econometrics",
      "Economic Modeling"
    ],
    "Activity and Recognition": [
      "Activity and Event Recognition"
    ],
    "Infrastructure": [
      "Hardware and Systems",
      "Sustainability"
    ]
  },
  "Data": {
    "Data Collection and Curation": [
      "Pre-Training Data",
      "Data Curation and Analysis",
      "Manual and Algorithmic Data Processing",
      "Responsible Data Management"
    ],
    "Data Generation": [
      "Synthetic Data Generation",
      "Data Augmentation"
    ],
    "Data Resources": [
      "Benchmarks",
      "Data Sets or Data Repositories",
      "Datasets and Benchmarks"
    ]
  },
  "Infrastructure and Tools": {
    "Software and Libraries": [
      "Software Toolkits",
      "Infrastructure, Software Libraries",
      "Virtual Environments"
    ],
    "Hardware and Systems": [
      "Hardware Setups for Large-Scale Training",
      "Distributed Systems",
      "Specialized Hardware"
    ]
  },
  "Neuroscience and Cognitive Science": {
    "Brain Studies": [
      "Brain Imaging",
      "Brain Mapping",
      "Brain Segmentation",
      "Connectomics",
      "Neural Coding",
      "Spike Train Generation",
      "Synaptic Modulation"
    ],
    "Cognitive Functions": [
      "Cognitive Science",
      "Memory",
      "Perception",
      "Visual Perception",
      "Auditory Perception",
      "Problem Solving",
      "Reasoning",
      "Linguistics",
      "Psycholinguistics"
    ],
    "Learning and Adaptation": [
      "Human or Animal Learning",
      "Plasticity and Adaptation",
      "Neuropsychology"
    ],
    "Brain-Computer Interfaces": [
      "Brain-Computer Interfaces and Neural Prostheses"
    ],
    "Philosophy": [
      "Philosophical Perspectives on AI",
      "Philosophy of Mind and Language",
      "Cognitive Philosophy"
    ]
  },
  "Structured Data": {
    "Graphs and Geometry": [
      "Learning on Graphs",
      "Geometric Deep Learning",
      "Topology and Manifold Learning"
    ]
  },
  "Societal Considerations": {
    "Fairness and Equity": [
      "Algorithmic Fairness and Bias",
      "Bias in AI Systems",
      "Equity",
      "Algorithmic Recourse",
      "Justice, Power, and Inequality"
    ],
    "Safety and Security": [
      "AI Safety",
      "Security",
      "Adversarial Robustness",
      "Risks, Harms, and Failures",
      "Safe and Trustworthy AI"
    ],
    "Privacy": [
      "Privacy, Anonymity, and Security",
      "Data Protection",
      "Privacy-Preserving Methods"
    ],
    "Misinformation and Content": [
      "Misinformation and Disinformation",
      "Content Moderation",
      "Information Integrity"
    ],
    "Transparency and Accountability": [
      "Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency",
      "Transparency Documentation",
      "Audits of AI Systems",
      "Explainability for Accountability"
    ],
    "Human Factors": [
      "Human-AI Interaction",
      "Trust in AI Systems",
      "Human-Centered AI",
      "Participatory and Deliberative Methods"
    ],
    "Design and Development": [
      "Sociotechnical Design and Development",
      "Value-Sensitive Design",
      "Diversity in Design and Development",
      "Responsible Development Practices"
    ],
    "Societal Impacts": [
      "Cultural Impacts",
      "Environmental Impacts and Climate Change",
      "Labor and Economic Impacts",
      "Job Displacement and Automation",
      "Misuse of AI Systems"
    ],
    "Governance and Policy": [
      "Regulation and Governance",
      "Legal Topics in AI",
      "Policy and Law",
      "Licensing and Liability",
      "Organizational Factors"
    ],
    "Critical Perspectives": [
      "Critical and Sociotechnical Foresight",
      "Historical and Humanistic Perspectives",
      "Social Scientific Perspectives",
      "Resistance and Contestation",
      "Social Epistemology"
    ],
    "Values and Ethics": [
      "Moral and Political Philosophy of AI",
      "Ethics in AI",
      "Values in Technology Design"
    ],
    "Cross-Cultural and Multilingual": [
      "Multi-Linguality",
      "Low-Resource Languages",
      "Vernacular Languages",
      "Multiculturalism",
      "Value Pluralism",
      "Cross-Cultural AI"
    ],
    "Interdisciplinary Approaches": [
      "Interdisciplinarity and Cross-Functional Teams",
      "Industry, Government, and Civil Society Collaboration"
    ]
  }
}