| {"diagnostic": {"Suspected Heart Failure": {"Strongly Suspected Heart Failure": {"Heart Failure": {"HFrEF": [], "HFmrEF": [], "HFpEF": []}}}}, "knowledge": {"Suspected Heart Failure": {"Risk Factors": "CAD, Hypertension, Valve disease, Arrhythmias, CMPs, Congenital heart disease, Infective, Drug-induced, Infiltrative, Storage disorders, Endomyocardial disease, Pericardial disease, Metabolic, Neuromuscular disease; etc.", "Symptoms": "Typical: Breathlessness, Orthopnoea, Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, Reduced exercise tolerance, Fatigue, tiredness, increased time to recover after exercise, Ankle swelling. Less typical: Nocturnal cough, Wheezing, Bloated feeling, Loss of appetite, Confusion (especially in the elderly), Depression, Palpitation, Dizziness, Syncope.; etc.", "Signs": "More specific: Elevated jugular venous pressure, Hepatojugular reflux, Third heart sound (gallop rhythm), Laterally displaced apical impulse. Less specific: Weight gain (>2 kg/week), Weight loss (in advanced HF), Tissue wasting (cachexia), Cardiac murmur, Peripheral edema (ankle, sacral, scrotal), Pulmonary crepitations, Pleural effusion, Tachycardia, Irregular pulse, Tachypnoea, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Hepatomegaly, Ascites, Cold extremities, Oliguria, Narrow pulse pressure."}, "Strongly Suspected Heart Failure": "NT-proBNP \u2265 125 pg/mLor BNP \u2265 35 pg/mL\n", "Heart Failure": "Abnormal findings from echocardiography\uff1aLV mass index\u226595 g/m2 (Female), \u2265 115 g/m2 (Male), Relative wall thickness >0.42, LA volume index>34 mL/m2, E/e\u2019 ratio at rest >9, PA systolic pressure >35 mmHg, TR velocity at rest >2.8 m/s, etc.", "HFrEF": "LVEF\u226440%", "HFmrEF": "LVEF41\u201349%", "HFpEF": "LVEF\u226550%"}} |