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  1. .gitattributes +2 -0
  2. Genome Logic Modeling Project (GLMP) - a Hugging Face Space by garywelz.pdf +3 -0
  3. Programming Framework for Systematic Analysis - a Hugging Face Space by garywelz.pdf +3 -0
  4. README.md +1 -1
  5. chemistry_batch_08.html +470 -0
  6. chemistry_batch_09.html +470 -0
  7. chemistry_batch_10.html +470 -0
  8. chemistry_batch_11.html +470 -0
  9. chemistry_batch_12.html +470 -0
  10. chemistry_batch_13.html +470 -0
  11. chemistry_batch_14.html +470 -0
  12. chemistry_index.html +77 -0
  13. index.html +4 -4
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+ Genome[[:space:]]Logic[[:space:]]Modeling[[:space:]]Project[[:space:]](GLMP)[[:space:]]-[[:space:]]a[[:space:]]Hugging[[:space:]]Face[[:space:]]Space[[:space:]]by[[:space:]]garywelz.pdf filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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+ Programming[[:space:]]Framework[[:space:]]for[[:space:]]Systematic[[:space:]]Analysis[[:space:]]-[[:space:]]a[[:space:]]Hugging[[:space:]]Face[[:space:]]Space[[:space:]]by[[:space:]]garywelz.pdf filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
Genome Logic Modeling Project (GLMP) - a Hugging Face Space by garywelz.pdf ADDED
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Programming Framework for Systematic Analysis - a Hugging Face Space by garywelz.pdf ADDED
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README.md CHANGED
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ This workflow enables rapid creation of sophisticated visualizations that would
85
  The project now includes a comprehensive batch architecture for each discipline:
86
 
87
  - **Mathematics**: 7 batches (21 processes) - Complete ✅
88
- - **Chemistry**: 7 batches (21 processes) - Complete ✅
89
  - **Computer Science**: 7 batches (21 processes) - Complete ✅
90
  - **Physics**: 7 batches (21 processes) - Complete ✅
91
  - **Biology**: External GLMP Space - Complete ✅
 
85
  The project now includes a comprehensive batch architecture for each discipline:
86
 
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  - **Mathematics**: 7 batches (21 processes) - Complete ✅
88
+ - **Chemistry**: 14 batches (70 processes) - Complete ✅
89
  - **Computer Science**: 7 batches (21 processes) - Complete ✅
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  - **Physics**: 7 batches (21 processes) - Complete ✅
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  - **Biology**: External GLMP Space - Complete ✅
chemistry_batch_08.html ADDED
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+ <!DOCTYPE html>
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+ <html lang="en">
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+ <head>
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+ <meta charset="UTF-8">
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+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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+ <title>Chemistry Batch 08: Electrochemical Processes - Programming Framework</title>
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+ <style>
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+ body {
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+ font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;
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+ line-height: 1.6;
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+ margin: 0;
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+ padding: 20px;
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+ background: white;
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+ color: #333;
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+ }
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+ .container {
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+ max-width: 1200px;
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+ margin: 0 auto;
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+ background: white;
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+ padding: 2rem;
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+ }
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+ h1, h2, h3 {
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+ color: #2c3e50;
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+ margin-top: 2rem;
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+ margin-bottom: 1rem;
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+ }
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+ h1 {
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+ text-align: center;
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+ border-bottom: 3px solid #3498db;
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+ padding-bottom: 1rem;
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+ margin-bottom: 2rem;
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+ }
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+ .figure {
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+ margin: 2rem 0;
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+ padding: 1rem;
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+ border: 1px solid #ddd;
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+ border-radius: 8px;
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+ background: #f9f9f9;
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+ }
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+ .figure-caption {
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+ margin-top: 1rem;
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+ font-style: italic;
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+ text-align: center;
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+ color: #666;
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+ }
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+ .mermaid {
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+ background: white;
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+ padding: 1rem;
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+ border-radius: 4px;
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+ margin: 1rem 0;
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+ }
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+ .navigation {
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+ background: #ecf0f1;
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+ padding: 1rem;
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+ border-radius: 8px;
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+ margin: 2rem 0;
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+ text-align: center;
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+ }
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+ .navigation a {
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+ color: #3498db;
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+ text-decoration: none;
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+ margin: 0 1rem;
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+ font-weight: bold;
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+ }
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+ .navigation a:hover {
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+ text-decoration: underline;
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+ }
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+ .process-title {
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+ background: #3498db;
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+ color: white;
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+ padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
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+ border-radius: 4px;
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+ margin: 1rem 0;
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+ font-weight: bold;
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+ }
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+ </style>
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+ </head>
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+ <body>
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+ <div class="container">
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+ <h1>Chemistry Batch 08: Electrochemical Processes</h1>
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+
82
+ <div class="navigation">
83
+ <a href="index.html">← Back to Programming Framework</a>
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+ <a href="chemistry_index.html">← Back to Chemistry Index</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ <div class="process-title">Process 1: Electrochemical Cell Design</div>
88
+ <div class="figure">
89
+ <div class="mermaid">
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+ graph TD
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+ A1[Electrode Materials] --> B1[Cell Design Method]
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+ C1[Electrolyte Solution] --> D1[Potential Measurement]
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+ E1[External Circuit] --> F1[Current Control]
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+
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+ B1 --> G1[Anode Selection]
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+ D1 --> H1[Voltage Monitoring]
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+ F1 --> I1[Resistance Optimization]
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+
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+ G1 --> J1[Oxidation Potential]
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+ H1 --> K1[Cell Voltage]
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+ I1 --> L1[Current Density]
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+
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+ J1 --> M1[Electron Release]
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+ K1 --> L1
105
+ L1 --> N1[Charge Transfer]
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+
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+ M1 --> O1[Ion Migration]
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+ N1 --> P1[Electrochemical Reaction]
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+ O1 --> Q1[Cell Performance]
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+
111
+ P1 --> R1[Product Formation]
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+ Q1 --> S1[Efficiency Calculation]
113
+ R1 --> T1[Reaction Products]
114
+
115
+ S1 --> U1[Performance Metrics]
116
+ T1 --> V1[Yield Analysis]
117
+ U1 --> W1[Optimization Parameters]
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+
119
+ V1 --> X1[Process Validation]
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+ W1 --> Y1[Design Refinement]
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+ X1 --> Z1[Final Cell Configuration]
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+
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+ Y1 --> Z1
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+
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+ style A1 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
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+ style C1 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
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+ style E1 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
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+
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+ style B1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style D1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style F1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style G1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style H1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style I1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style J1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style K1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style L1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+
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+ style M1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style N1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style O1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style P1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style Q1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style R1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style S1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style T1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style U1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style V1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style W1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style X1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style Y1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+
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+ style Z1 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="figure-caption">
156
+ <strong>Figure 1.</strong> Electrochemical cell design process showing systematic approach to electrode selection, electrolyte optimization, and performance evaluation.
157
+ </div>
158
+ </div>
159
+
160
+ <div class="process-title">Process 2: Battery Chemistry</div>
161
+ <div class="figure">
162
+ <div class="mermaid">
163
+ graph TD
164
+ A2[Lithium Ions] --> B2[Battery Design Method]
165
+ C2[Electrode Materials] --> D2[Electrolyte Selection]
166
+ E2[Separator Membrane] --> F2[Cell Assembly]
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+
168
+ B2 --> G2[Anode Material]
169
+ D2 --> H2[Ion Conductivity]
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+ F2 --> I2[Safety Features]
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+
172
+ G2 --> J2[Lithium Storage]
173
+ H2 --> K2[Ion Transport]
174
+ I2 --> L2[Thermal Management]
175
+
176
+ J2 --> M2[Intercalation Process]
177
+ K2 --> L2
178
+ L2 --> N2[Charge Transfer]
179
+
180
+ M2 --> O2[Electron Flow]
181
+ N2 --> P2[Electrochemical Reaction]
182
+ O2 --> Q2[Energy Storage]
183
+
184
+ P2 --> R2[Voltage Generation]
185
+ Q2 --> S2[Capacity Measurement]
186
+ R2 --> T2[Power Output]
187
+
188
+ S2 --> U2[Performance Testing]
189
+ T2 --> V2[Cycle Life Analysis]
190
+ U2 --> W2[Efficiency Calculation]
191
+
192
+ V2 --> X2[Degradation Study]
193
+ W2 --> Y2[Optimization Process]
194
+ X2 --> Z2[Final Battery Design]
195
+
196
+ Y2 --> Z2
197
+
198
+ style A2 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
199
+ style C2 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
200
+ style E2 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
201
+
202
+ style B2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style D2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style F2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style G2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style H2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style I2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style J2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style K2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style L2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+
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+ style M2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style N2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style O2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style P2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style Q2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style R2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style S2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style T2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style U2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style V2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style W2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style X2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style Y2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+
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+ style Z2 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
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+ </div>
228
+ <div class="figure-caption">
229
+ <strong>Figure 2.</strong> Battery chemistry process illustrating lithium-ion battery design, assembly, and performance optimization.
230
+ </div>
231
+ </div>
232
+
233
+ <div class="process-title">Process 3: Corrosion Mechanisms</div>
234
+ <div class="figure">
235
+ <div class="mermaid">
236
+ graph TD
237
+ A3[Metal Surface] --> B3[Corrosion Analysis Method]
238
+ C3[Oxygen Molecules] --> D3[Moisture Content]
239
+ E3[Electrolyte Solution] --> F3[Environmental Factors]
240
+
241
+ B3 --> G3[Surface Characterization]
242
+ D3 --> H3[Humidity Control]
243
+ F3 --> I3[Temperature Monitoring]
244
+
245
+ G3 --> J3[Oxidation Sites]
246
+ H3 --> K3[Water Adsorption]
247
+ I3 --> L3[Corrosion Rate]
248
+
249
+ J3 --> M3[Electron Transfer]
250
+ K3 --> L3
251
+ L3 --> N3[Ion Formation]
252
+
253
+ M3 --> O3[Oxide Formation]
254
+ N3 --> P3[Corrosion Reaction]
255
+ O3 --> Q3[Surface Degradation]
256
+
257
+ P3 --> R3[Rust Formation]
258
+ Q3 --> S3[Protective Coating]
259
+ R3 --> T3[Corrosion Products]
260
+
261
+ S3 --> U3[Inhibition Methods]
262
+ T3 --> V3[Prevention Strategies]
263
+ U3 --> W3[Coating Application]
264
+
265
+ V3 --> X3[Performance Evaluation]
266
+ W3 --> Y3[Protection Mechanism]
267
+ X3 --> Z3[Corrosion Prevention]
268
+
269
+ Y3 --> Z3
270
+
271
+ style A3 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
272
+ style C3 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
273
+ style E3 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
274
+
275
+ style B3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style D3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style F3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style G3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style H3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style I3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style J3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style K3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style L3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+
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+ style M3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style N3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style O3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style P3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style Q3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style R3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style S3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style T3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style U3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style V3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style W3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style X3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style Y3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+
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+ style Z3 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="figure-caption">
302
+ <strong>Figure 3.</strong> Corrosion mechanisms process showing oxidation, rust formation, and protective coating strategies.
303
+ </div>
304
+ </div>
305
+
306
+ <div class="process-title">Process 4: Electroplating</div>
307
+ <div class="figure">
308
+ <div class="mermaid">
309
+ graph TD
310
+ A4[Metal Ions] --> B4[Electroplating Method]
311
+ C4[Substrate Surface] --> D4[Electrolyte Bath]
312
+ E4[Power Supply] --> F4[Current Control]
313
+
314
+ B4 --> G4[Surface Preparation]
315
+ D4 --> H4[Solution Composition]
316
+ F4 --> I4[Voltage Regulation]
317
+
318
+ G4 --> J4[Cleaning Process]
319
+ H4 --> K4[Concentration Control]
320
+ I4 --> L4[Current Density]
321
+
322
+ J4 --> M4[Surface Activation]
323
+ K4 --> L4
324
+ L4 --> N4[Ion Migration]
325
+
326
+ M4 --> O4[Nucleation Sites]
327
+ N4 --> P4[Electrodeposition]
328
+ O4 --> Q4[Film Growth]
329
+
330
+ P4 --> R4[Metal Deposition]
331
+ Q4 --> S4[Thickness Control]
332
+ R4 --> T4[Coating Formation]
333
+
334
+ S4 --> U4[Quality Assessment]
335
+ T4 --> V4[Adhesion Testing]
336
+ U4 --> W4[Surface Analysis]
337
+
338
+ V4 --> X4[Performance Evaluation]
339
+ W4 --> Y4[Process Optimization]
340
+ X4 --> Z4[Final Coating]
341
+
342
+ Y4 --> Z4
343
+
344
+ style A4 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
345
+ style C4 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
346
+ style E4 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
347
+
348
+ style B4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
349
+ style D4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
350
+ style F4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
351
+ style G4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
352
+ style H4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
353
+ style I4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
354
+ style J4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
355
+ style K4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style L4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+
358
+ style M4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
359
+ style N4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style O4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style P4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style Q4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style R4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style S4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style T4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style U4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style V4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
368
+ style W4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
369
+ style X4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style Y4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+
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+ style Z4 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
373
+ </div>
374
+ <div class="figure-caption">
375
+ <strong>Figure 4.</strong> Electroplating process showing metal ion deposition, surface preparation, and coating quality control.
376
+ </div>
377
+ </div>
378
+
379
+ <div class="process-title">Process 5: Electrolysis</div>
380
+ <div class="figure">
381
+ <div class="mermaid">
382
+ graph TD
383
+ A5[Electrolyte Solution] --> B5[Electrolysis Method]
384
+ C5[Electrodes] --> D5[Power Source]
385
+ E5[Reaction Vessel] --> F5[Temperature Control]
386
+
387
+ B5 --> G5[Solution Preparation]
388
+ D5 --> H5[Voltage Application]
389
+ F5 --> I5[Heat Management]
390
+
391
+ G5 --> J5[Concentration Setup]
392
+ H5 --> K5[Current Flow]
393
+ I5 --> L5[Thermal Regulation]
394
+
395
+ J5 --> M5[Ion Separation]
396
+ K5 --> L5
397
+ L5 --> N5[Electrochemical Reaction]
398
+
399
+ M5 --> O5[Oxidation Process]
400
+ N5 --> P5[Reduction Process]
401
+ O5 --> Q5[Gas Evolution]
402
+
403
+ P5 --> R5[Product Formation]
404
+ Q5 --> S5[Collection System]
405
+ R5 --> T5[Separation Process]
406
+
407
+ S5 --> U5[Gas Purification]
408
+ T5 --> V5[Product Recovery]
409
+ U5 --> W5[Quality Control]
410
+
411
+ V5 --> X5[Yield Calculation]
412
+ W5 --> Y5[Process Optimization]
413
+ X5 --> Z5[Final Products]
414
+
415
+ Y5 --> Z5
416
+
417
+ style A5 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
418
+ style C5 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
419
+ style E5 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
420
+
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+ style B5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
422
+ style D5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style F5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style G5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style H5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style I5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style J5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style K5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style L5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+
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+ style M5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
432
+ style N5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
433
+ style O5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
434
+ style P5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
435
+ style Q5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
436
+ style R5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
437
+ style S5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
438
+ style T5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
439
+ style U5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
440
+ style V5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style W5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style X5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style Y5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+
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+ style Z5 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
446
+ </div>
447
+ <div class="figure-caption">
448
+ <strong>Figure 5.</strong> Electrolysis process showing water splitting, gas evolution, and product separation.
449
+ </div>
450
+ </div>
451
+
452
+ <div class="navigation">
453
+ <a href="index.html">← Back to Programming Framework</a>
454
+ <a href="chemistry_index.html">← Back to Chemistry Index</a>
455
+ </div>
456
+
457
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;"><strong>Gary Welz</strong></p>
458
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">Retired Faculty Member</p>
459
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">John Jay College, CUNY (Department of Mathematics and Computer Science)</p>
460
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">Borough of Manhattan Community College, CUNY</p>
461
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">CUNY Graduate Center (New Media Lab)</p>
462
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">Email: gwelz@jjay.cuny.edu</p>
463
+ </div>
464
+
465
+ <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mermaid/dist/mermaid.min.js"></script>
466
+ <script>
467
+ mermaid.initialize({ startOnLoad: true });
468
+ </script>
469
+ </body>
470
+ </html>
chemistry_batch_09.html ADDED
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+ <!DOCTYPE html>
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+ <html lang="en">
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+ <head>
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+ <meta charset="UTF-8">
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+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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+ <title>Chemistry Batch 09: Surface Chemistry & Catalysis - Programming Framework</title>
7
+ <style>
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+ body {
9
+ font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;
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+ line-height: 1.6;
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+ }
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+ h1, h2, h3 {
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+ }
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+ h1 {
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+ text-align: center;
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+ border-bottom: 3px solid #3498db;
30
+ padding-bottom: 1rem;
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+ margin-bottom: 2rem;
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34
+ margin: 2rem 0;
35
+ padding: 1rem;
36
+ border: 1px solid #ddd;
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+ border-radius: 8px;
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+ background: #f9f9f9;
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+ text-align: center;
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+ .navigation a:hover {
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+ }
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+ .process-title {
69
+ background: #3498db;
70
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+ border-radius: 4px;
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+ margin: 1rem 0;
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+ font-weight: bold;
75
+ }
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+ </style>
77
+ </head>
78
+ <body>
79
+ <div class="container">
80
+ <h1>Chemistry Batch 09: Surface Chemistry & Catalysis</h1>
81
+
82
+ <div class="navigation">
83
+ <a href="index.html">← Back to Programming Framework</a>
84
+ <a href="chemistry_index.html">← Back to Chemistry Index</a>
85
+ </div>
86
+
87
+ <div class="process-title">Process 1: Heterogeneous Catalysis</div>
88
+ <div class="figure">
89
+ <div class="mermaid">
90
+ graph TD
91
+ A1[Reactant Molecules] --> B1[Catalyst Surface Method]
92
+ C1[Catalyst Material] --> D1[Surface Characterization]
93
+ E1[Reaction Conditions] --> F1[Temperature Control]
94
+
95
+ B1 --> G1[Surface Preparation]
96
+ D1 --> H1[Active Site Analysis]
97
+ F1 --> I1[Pressure Regulation]
98
+
99
+ G1 --> J1[Surface Cleaning]
100
+ H1 --> K1[Site Density]
101
+ I1 --> L1[Reaction Pressure]
102
+
103
+ J1 --> M1[Surface Activation]
104
+ K1 --> L1
105
+ L1 --> N1[Adsorption Process]
106
+
107
+ M1 --> O1[Reactant Adsorption]
108
+ N1 --> P1[Surface Reaction]
109
+ O1 --> Q1[Catalytic Activity]
110
+
111
+ P1 --> R1[Product Formation]
112
+ Q1 --> S1[Reaction Rate]
113
+ R1 --> T1[Desorption Process]
114
+
115
+ S1 --> U1[Turnover Frequency]
116
+ T1 --> V1[Product Collection]
117
+ U1 --> W1[Catalyst Performance]
118
+
119
+ V1 --> X1[Yield Analysis]
120
+ W1 --> Y1[Optimization Process]
121
+ X1 --> Z1[Catalytic Efficiency]
122
+
123
+ Y1 --> Z1
124
+
125
+ style A1 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
126
+ style C1 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
127
+ style E1 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
128
+
129
+ style B1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
130
+ style D1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
131
+ style F1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
132
+ style G1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
133
+ style H1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
134
+ style I1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
135
+ style J1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
136
+ style K1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
137
+ style L1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
138
+
139
+ style M1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
140
+ style N1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
141
+ style O1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
142
+ style P1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
143
+ style Q1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
144
+ style R1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
145
+ style S1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
146
+ style T1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
147
+ style U1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
148
+ style V1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
149
+ style W1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
150
+ style X1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
151
+ style Y1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
152
+
153
+ style Z1 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
154
+ </div>
155
+ <div class="figure-caption">
156
+ <strong>Figure 1.</strong> Heterogeneous catalysis process showing surface adsorption, reaction mechanism, and catalytic efficiency optimization.
157
+ </div>
158
+ </div>
159
+
160
+ <div class="process-title">Process 2: Photocatalysis</div>
161
+ <div class="figure">
162
+ <div class="mermaid">
163
+ graph TD
164
+ A2[Light Energy] --> B2[Photocatalyst Method]
165
+ C2[Semiconductor Material] --> D2[Band Gap Analysis]
166
+ E2[Reactant Solution] --> F2[Irradiation Setup]
167
+
168
+ B2 --> G2[Catalyst Synthesis]
169
+ D2 --> H2[Electronic Structure]
170
+ F2 --> I2[Light Source]
171
+
172
+ G2 --> J2[Surface Modification]
173
+ H2 --> K2[Valence Band]
174
+ I2 --> L2[Wavelength Control]
175
+
176
+ J2 --> M2[Active Site Creation]
177
+ K2 --> L2
178
+ L2 --> N2[Photon Absorption]
179
+
180
+ M2 --> O2[Electron Excitation]
181
+ N2 --> P2[Charge Separation]
182
+ O2 --> Q2[Photocatalytic Activity]
183
+
184
+ P2 --> R2[Redox Reactions]
185
+ Q2 --> S2[Reaction Kinetics]
186
+ R2 --> T2[Product Formation]
187
+
188
+ S2 --> U2[Quantum Efficiency]
189
+ T2 --> V2[Product Analysis]
190
+ U2 --> W2[Performance Evaluation]
191
+
192
+ V2 --> X2[Conversion Yield]
193
+ W2 --> Y2[Process Optimization]
194
+ X2 --> Z2[Photocatalytic Efficiency]
195
+
196
+ Y2 --> Z2
197
+
198
+ style A2 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
199
+ style C2 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
200
+ style E2 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
201
+
202
+ style B2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
203
+ style D2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
204
+ style F2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
205
+ style G2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
206
+ style H2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
207
+ style I2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
208
+ style J2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
209
+ style K2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
210
+ style L2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
211
+
212
+ style M2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
213
+ style N2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
214
+ style O2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
215
+ style P2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
216
+ style Q2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
217
+ style R2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
218
+ style S2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
219
+ style T2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
220
+ style U2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
221
+ style V2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
222
+ style W2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
223
+ style X2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
224
+ style Y2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
225
+
226
+ style Z2 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
227
+ </div>
228
+ <div class="figure-caption">
229
+ <strong>Figure 2.</strong> Photocatalysis process illustrating light-driven reactions, charge separation, and photocatalytic efficiency.
230
+ </div>
231
+ </div>
232
+
233
+ <div class="process-title">Process 3: Enzyme Catalysis</div>
234
+ <div class="figure">
235
+ <div class="mermaid">
236
+ graph TD
237
+ A3[Substrate Molecules] --> B3[Enzyme Catalysis Method]
238
+ C3[Enzyme Protein] --> D3[Active Site Analysis]
239
+ E3[Reaction Buffer] --> F3[Temperature Control]
240
+
241
+ B3 --> G3[Enzyme Purification]
242
+ D3 --> H3[Site Characterization]
243
+ F3 --> I3[pH Regulation]
244
+
245
+ G3 --> J3[Conformation Analysis]
246
+ H3 --> K3[Binding Affinity]
247
+ I3 --> L3[Optimal Conditions]
248
+
249
+ J3 --> M3[Substrate Binding]
250
+ K3 --> L3
251
+ L3 --> N3[Enzyme-Substrate Complex]
252
+
253
+ M3 --> O3[Conformational Change]
254
+ N3 --> P3[Catalytic Reaction]
255
+ O3 --> Q3[Enzymatic Activity]
256
+
257
+ P3 --> R3[Product Formation]
258
+ Q3 --> S3[Reaction Rate]
259
+ R3 --> T3[Product Release]
260
+
261
+ S3 --> U3[Turnover Number]
262
+ T3 --> V3[Product Analysis]
263
+ U3 --> W3[Enzyme Performance]
264
+
265
+ V3 --> X3[Conversion Efficiency]
266
+ W3 --> Y3[Optimization Process]
267
+ X3 --> Z3[Enzymatic Efficiency]
268
+
269
+ Y3 --> Z3
270
+
271
+ style A3 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
272
+ style C3 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
273
+ style E3 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
274
+
275
+ style B3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
276
+ style D3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
277
+ style F3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
278
+ style G3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
279
+ style H3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
280
+ style I3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
281
+ style J3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
282
+ style K3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
283
+ style L3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
284
+
285
+ style M3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
286
+ style N3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
287
+ style O3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
288
+ style P3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
289
+ style Q3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
290
+ style R3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
291
+ style S3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
292
+ style T3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
293
+ style U3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
294
+ style V3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
295
+ style W3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
296
+ style X3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
297
+ style Y3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
298
+
299
+ style Z3 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
300
+ </div>
301
+ <div class="figure-caption">
302
+ <strong>Figure 3.</strong> Enzyme catalysis process showing substrate binding, catalytic reaction, and enzymatic efficiency optimization.
303
+ </div>
304
+ </div>
305
+
306
+ <div class="process-title">Process 4: Zeolite Catalysis</div>
307
+ <div class="figure">
308
+ <div class="mermaid">
309
+ graph TD
310
+ A4[Reactant Molecules] --> B4[Zeolite Catalysis Method]
311
+ C4[Zeolite Framework] --> D4[Pore Structure Analysis]
312
+ E4[Reaction Conditions] --> F4[Temperature Control]
313
+
314
+ B4 --> G4[Zeolite Synthesis]
315
+ D4 --> H4[Pore Size Distribution]
316
+ F4 --> I4[Pressure Regulation]
317
+
318
+ G4 --> J4[Framework Assembly]
319
+ H4 --> K4[Channel Geometry]
320
+ I4 --> L4[Reaction Pressure]
321
+
322
+ J4 --> M4[Active Site Creation]
323
+ K4 --> L4
324
+ L4 --> N4[Molecular Sieving]
325
+
326
+ M4 --> O4[Reactant Diffusion]
327
+ N4 --> P4[Shape-Selective Reaction]
328
+ O4 --> Q4[Catalytic Activity]
329
+
330
+ P4 --> R4[Product Formation]
331
+ Q4 --> S4[Reaction Selectivity]
332
+ R4 --> T4[Product Diffusion]
333
+
334
+ S4 --> U4[Selectivity Analysis]
335
+ T4 --> V4[Product Collection]
336
+ U4 --> W4[Catalyst Performance]
337
+
338
+ V4 --> X4[Conversion Yield]
339
+ W4 --> Y4[Process Optimization]
340
+ X4 --> Z4[Shape-Selective Efficiency]
341
+
342
+ Y4 --> Z4
343
+
344
+ style A4 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
345
+ style C4 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
346
+ style E4 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
347
+
348
+ style B4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
349
+ style D4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
350
+ style F4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
351
+ style G4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
352
+ style H4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
353
+ style I4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
354
+ style J4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
355
+ style K4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
356
+ style L4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
357
+
358
+ style M4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
359
+ style N4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
360
+ style O4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
361
+ style P4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
362
+ style Q4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
363
+ style R4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
364
+ style S4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
365
+ style T4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
366
+ style U4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
367
+ style V4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
368
+ style W4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
369
+ style X4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
370
+ style Y4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
371
+
372
+ style Z4 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
373
+ </div>
374
+ <div class="figure-caption">
375
+ <strong>Figure 4.</strong> Zeolite catalysis process showing molecular sieving, shape-selective reactions, and catalytic efficiency.
376
+ </div>
377
+ </div>
378
+
379
+ <div class="process-title">Process 5: Supported Catalysts</div>
380
+ <div class="figure">
381
+ <div class="mermaid">
382
+ graph TD
383
+ A5[Metal Precursors] --> B5[Supported Catalyst Method]
384
+ C5[Support Material] --> D5[Surface Area Analysis]
385
+ E5[Reaction Conditions] --> F5[Temperature Control]
386
+
387
+ B5 --> G5[Support Preparation]
388
+ D5 --> H5[Pore Volume]
389
+ F5 --> I5[Pressure Regulation]
390
+
391
+ G5 --> J5[Surface Modification]
392
+ H5 --> K5[Active Site Density]
393
+ I5 --> L5[Reaction Pressure]
394
+
395
+ J5 --> M5[Metal Deposition]
396
+ K5 --> L5
397
+ L5 --> N5[Catalyst Activation]
398
+
399
+ M5 --> O5[Particle Formation]
400
+ N5 --> P5[Surface Reaction]
401
+ O5 --> Q5[Catalytic Activity]
402
+
403
+ P5 --> R5[Product Formation]
404
+ Q5 --> S5[Reaction Rate]
405
+ R5 --> T5[Product Desorption]
406
+
407
+ S5 --> U5[Turnover Frequency]
408
+ T5 --> V5[Product Analysis]
409
+ U5 --> W5[Catalyst Performance]
410
+
411
+ V5 --> X5[Conversion Yield]
412
+ W5 --> Y5[Stability Testing]
413
+ X5 --> Z5[Supported Catalyst Efficiency]
414
+
415
+ Y5 --> Z5
416
+
417
+ style A5 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
418
+ style C5 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
419
+ style E5 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
420
+
421
+ style B5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
422
+ style D5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
423
+ style F5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
424
+ style G5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
425
+ style H5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
426
+ style I5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
427
+ style J5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
428
+ style K5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
429
+ style L5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
430
+
431
+ style M5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
432
+ style N5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
433
+ style O5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
434
+ style P5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
435
+ style Q5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
436
+ style R5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
437
+ style S5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
438
+ style T5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
439
+ style U5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
440
+ style V5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
441
+ style W5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
442
+ style X5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
443
+ style Y5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
444
+
445
+ style Z5 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
446
+ </div>
447
+ <div class="figure-caption">
448
+ <strong>Figure 5.</strong> Supported catalyst process showing metal deposition, surface reactions, and catalytic performance optimization.
449
+ </div>
450
+ </div>
451
+
452
+ <div class="navigation">
453
+ <a href="index.html">← Back to Programming Framework</a>
454
+ <a href="chemistry_index.html">← Back to Chemistry Index</a>
455
+ </div>
456
+
457
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;"><strong>Gary Welz</strong></p>
458
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">Retired Faculty Member</p>
459
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">John Jay College, CUNY (Department of Mathematics and Computer Science)</p>
460
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">Borough of Manhattan Community College, CUNY</p>
461
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">CUNY Graduate Center (New Media Lab)</p>
462
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">Email: gwelz@jjay.cuny.edu</p>
463
+ </div>
464
+
465
+ <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mermaid/dist/mermaid.min.js"></script>
466
+ <script>
467
+ mermaid.initialize({ startOnLoad: true });
468
+ </script>
469
+ </body>
470
+ </html>
chemistry_batch_10.html ADDED
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+ <!DOCTYPE html>
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+ <html lang="en">
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+ <head>
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+ <meta charset="UTF-8">
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+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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+ <title>Chemistry Batch 10: Thermodynamic Processes - Programming Framework</title>
7
+ <style>
8
+ body {
9
+ font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;
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+ margin: 0;
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+ padding: 20px;
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+ }
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+ .container {
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+ max-width: 1200px;
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+ margin: 0 auto;
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+ padding: 2rem;
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+ }
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+ h1, h2, h3 {
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+ color: #2c3e50;
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+ margin-top: 2rem;
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+ margin-bottom: 1rem;
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+ }
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+ h1 {
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+ text-align: center;
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+ border-bottom: 3px solid #3498db;
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+ padding-bottom: 1rem;
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+ margin-bottom: 2rem;
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+ }
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+ .figure {
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+ margin: 2rem 0;
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+ padding: 1rem;
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+ border: 1px solid #ddd;
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+ border-radius: 8px;
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+ background: #f9f9f9;
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+ text-align: center;
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+ }
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+ padding: 1rem;
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+ margin: 1rem 0;
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+ padding: 1rem;
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+ margin: 2rem 0;
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+ }
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+ text-decoration: none;
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+ font-weight: bold;
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+ }
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+ .navigation a:hover {
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+ text-decoration: underline;
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+ }
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+ .process-title {
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+ background: #3498db;
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+ color: white;
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+ padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
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+ border-radius: 4px;
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+ margin: 1rem 0;
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+ font-weight: bold;
75
+ }
76
+ </style>
77
+ </head>
78
+ <body>
79
+ <div class="container">
80
+ <h1>Chemistry Batch 10: Thermodynamic Processes</h1>
81
+
82
+ <div class="navigation">
83
+ <a href="index.html">← Back to Programming Framework</a>
84
+ <a href="chemistry_index.html">← Back to Chemistry Index</a>
85
+ </div>
86
+
87
+ <div class="process-title">Process 1: Phase Transitions</div>
88
+ <div class="figure">
89
+ <div class="mermaid">
90
+ graph TD
91
+ A1[Initial Phase] --> B1[Phase Transition Method]
92
+ C1[Temperature Control] --> D1[Pressure Regulation]
93
+ E1[Energy Input] --> F1[System Monitoring]
94
+
95
+ B1 --> G1[Phase Analysis]
96
+ D1 --> H1[Pressure Control]
97
+ F1 --> I1[Temperature Monitoring]
98
+
99
+ G1 --> J1[Phase Identification]
100
+ H1 --> K1[Pressure Adjustment]
101
+ I1 --> L1[Heat Transfer]
102
+
103
+ J1 --> M1[Phase Boundary]
104
+ K1 --> L1
105
+ L1 --> N1[Energy Absorption]
106
+
107
+ M1 --> O1[Molecular Reorganization]
108
+ N1 --> P1[Phase Change Process]
109
+ O1 --> Q1[Transition Kinetics]
110
+
111
+ P1 --> R1[New Phase Formation]
112
+ Q1 --> S1[Transition Rate]
113
+ R1 --> T1[Phase Stability]
114
+
115
+ S1 --> U1[Kinetic Analysis]
116
+ T1 --> V1[Stability Assessment]
117
+ U1 --> W1[Transition Efficiency]
118
+
119
+ V1 --> X1[Phase Characterization]
120
+ W1 --> Y1[Process Optimization]
121
+ X1 --> Z1[Final Phase State]
122
+
123
+ Y1 --> Z1
124
+
125
+ style A1 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
126
+ style C1 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
127
+ style E1 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
128
+
129
+ style B1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
130
+ style D1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
131
+ style F1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
132
+ style G1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
133
+ style H1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
134
+ style I1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
135
+ style J1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
136
+ style K1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
137
+ style L1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
138
+
139
+ style M1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
140
+ style N1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
141
+ style O1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
142
+ style P1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
143
+ style Q1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
144
+ style R1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
145
+ style S1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
146
+ style T1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
147
+ style U1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
148
+ style V1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
149
+ style W1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
150
+ style X1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
151
+ style Y1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
152
+
153
+ style Z1 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
154
+ </div>
155
+ <div class="figure-caption">
156
+ <strong>Figure 1.</strong> Phase transition process showing molecular reorganization, energy absorption, and phase stability analysis.
157
+ </div>
158
+ </div>
159
+
160
+ <div class="process-title">Process 2: Solution Thermodynamics</div>
161
+ <div class="figure">
162
+ <div class="mermaid">
163
+ graph TD
164
+ A2[Solvent Molecules] --> B2[Solution Thermodynamics Method]
165
+ C2[Solute Particles] --> D2[Concentration Control]
166
+ E2[Temperature System] --> F2[Pressure Environment]
167
+
168
+ B2 --> G2[Solution Preparation]
169
+ D2 --> H2[Concentration Analysis]
170
+ F2 --> I2[Environmental Control]
171
+
172
+ G2 --> J2[Mixing Process]
173
+ H2 --> K2[Concentration Measurement]
174
+ I2 --> L2[Pressure Monitoring]
175
+
176
+ J2 --> M2[Solvation Process]
177
+ K2 --> L2
178
+ L2 --> N2[Solution Formation]
179
+
180
+ M2 --> O2[Intermolecular Interactions]
181
+ N2 --> P2[Solution Thermodynamics]
182
+ O2 --> Q2[Colligative Properties]
183
+
184
+ P2 --> R2[Thermodynamic Properties]
185
+ Q2 --> S2[Property Measurement]
186
+ R2 --> T2[Solution Behavior]
187
+
188
+ S2 --> U2[Property Analysis]
189
+ T2 --> V2[Behavior Prediction]
190
+ U2 --> W2[Thermodynamic Efficiency]
191
+
192
+ V2 --> X2[Solution Characterization]
193
+ W2 --> Y2[Process Optimization]
194
+ X2 --> Z2[Final Solution State]
195
+
196
+ Y2 --> Z2
197
+
198
+ style A2 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
199
+ style C2 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
200
+ style E2 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
201
+
202
+ style B2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
203
+ style D2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
204
+ style F2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
205
+ style G2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
206
+ style H2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
207
+ style I2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
208
+ style J2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
209
+ style K2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
210
+ style L2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
211
+
212
+ style M2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
213
+ style N2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
214
+ style O2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
215
+ style P2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
216
+ style Q2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
217
+ style R2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
218
+ style S2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
219
+ style T2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
220
+ style U2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
221
+ style V2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
222
+ style W2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
223
+ style X2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
224
+ style Y2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
225
+
226
+ style Z2 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
227
+ </div>
228
+ <div class="figure-caption">
229
+ <strong>Figure 2.</strong> Solution thermodynamics process illustrating solvation, colligative properties, and thermodynamic behavior analysis.
230
+ </div>
231
+ </div>
232
+
233
+ <div class="process-title">Process 3: Chemical Equilibrium</div>
234
+ <div class="figure">
235
+ <div class="mermaid">
236
+ graph TD
237
+ A3[Reactant Species] --> B3[Chemical Equilibrium Method]
238
+ C3[Product Species] --> D3[Concentration Control]
239
+ E3[Reaction Conditions] --> F3[Temperature Control]
240
+
241
+ B3 --> G3[Equilibrium Setup]
242
+ D3 --> H3[Concentration Monitoring]
243
+ F3 --> I3[Temperature Regulation]
244
+
245
+ G3 --> J3[Initial Conditions]
246
+ H3 --> K3[Concentration Analysis]
247
+ I3 --> L3[Thermal Equilibrium]
248
+
249
+ J3 --> M3[Forward Reaction]
250
+ K3 --> L3
251
+ L3 --> N3[Reverse Reaction]
252
+
253
+ M3 --> O3[Reaction Progress]
254
+ N3 --> P3[Equilibrium Process]
255
+ O3 --> Q3[Rate Balance]
256
+
257
+ P3 --> R3[Equilibrium State]
258
+ Q3 --> S3[Rate Measurement]
259
+ R3 --> T3[Concentration Balance]
260
+
261
+ S3 --> U3[Equilibrium Analysis]
262
+ T3 --> V3[Balance Assessment]
263
+ U3 --> W3[Equilibrium Efficiency]
264
+
265
+ V3 --> X3[State Characterization]
266
+ W3 --> Y3[Process Optimization]
267
+ X3 --> Z3[Final Equilibrium State]
268
+
269
+ Y3 --> Z3
270
+
271
+ style A3 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
272
+ style C3 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
273
+ style E3 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
274
+
275
+ style B3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
276
+ style D3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
277
+ style F3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
278
+ style G3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
279
+ style H3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
280
+ style I3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
281
+ style J3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
282
+ style K3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
283
+ style L3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
284
+
285
+ style M3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
286
+ style N3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
287
+ style O3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
288
+ style P3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
289
+ style Q3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
290
+ style R3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
291
+ style S3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
292
+ style T3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
293
+ style U3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
294
+ style V3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
295
+ style W3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
296
+ style X3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
297
+ style Y3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
298
+
299
+ style Z3 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
300
+ </div>
301
+ <div class="figure-caption">
302
+ <strong>Figure 3.</strong> Chemical equilibrium process showing forward/reverse reactions, rate balance, and equilibrium state analysis.
303
+ </div>
304
+ </div>
305
+
306
+ <div class="process-title">Process 4: Thermochemistry</div>
307
+ <div class="figure">
308
+ <div class="mermaid">
309
+ graph TD
310
+ A4[Chemical System] --> B4[Thermochemistry Method]
311
+ C4[Energy Source] --> D4[Calorimeter Setup]
312
+ E4[Reaction Vessel] --> F4[Temperature Monitoring]
313
+
314
+ B4 --> G4[System Preparation]
315
+ D4 --> H4[Calorimeter Calibration]
316
+ F4 --> I4[Temperature Control]
317
+
318
+ G4 --> J4[Initial State]
319
+ H4 --> K4[Heat Capacity]
320
+ I4 --> L4[Thermal Regulation]
321
+
322
+ J4 --> M4[Reaction Initiation]
323
+ K4 --> L4
324
+ L4 --> N4[Heat Transfer]
325
+
326
+ M4 --> O4[Energy Release]
327
+ N4 --> P4[Thermochemical Process]
328
+ O4 --> Q4[Heat Measurement]
329
+
330
+ P4 --> R4[Enthalpy Change]
331
+ Q4 --> S4[Temperature Change]
332
+ R4 --> T4[Energy Analysis]
333
+
334
+ S4 --> U4[Calorimetric Analysis]
335
+ T4 --> V4[Energy Assessment]
336
+ U4 --> W4[Thermochemical Efficiency]
337
+
338
+ V4 --> X4[Energy Characterization]
339
+ W4 --> Y4[Process Optimization]
340
+ X4 --> Z4[Final Energy State]
341
+
342
+ Y4 --> Z4
343
+
344
+ style A4 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
345
+ style C4 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
346
+ style E4 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
347
+
348
+ style B4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
349
+ style D4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
350
+ style F4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
351
+ style G4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
352
+ style H4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
353
+ style I4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
354
+ style J4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
355
+ style K4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
356
+ style L4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
357
+
358
+ style M4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
359
+ style N4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
360
+ style O4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
361
+ style P4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
362
+ style Q4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
363
+ style R4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
364
+ style S4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
365
+ style T4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
366
+ style U4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
367
+ style V4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
368
+ style W4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
369
+ style X4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
370
+ style Y4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
371
+
372
+ style Z4 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
373
+ </div>
374
+ <div class="figure-caption">
375
+ <strong>Figure 4.</strong> Thermochemistry process showing heat transfer, enthalpy changes, and calorimetric analysis.
376
+ </div>
377
+ </div>
378
+
379
+ <div class="process-title">Process 5: Entropy Changes</div>
380
+ <div class="figure">
381
+ <div class="mermaid">
382
+ graph TD
383
+ A5[Initial System] --> B5[Entropy Analysis Method]
384
+ C5[Energy Distribution] --> D5[State Characterization]
385
+ E5[Process Conditions] --> F5[Temperature Control]
386
+
387
+ B5 --> G5[System Analysis]
388
+ D5 --> H5[State Monitoring]
389
+ F5 --> I5[Thermal Control]
390
+
391
+ G5 --> J5[Initial Entropy]
392
+ H5 --> K5[State Analysis]
393
+ I5 --> L5[Temperature Regulation]
394
+
395
+ J5 --> M5[Process Initiation]
396
+ K5 --> L5
397
+ L5 --> N5[Energy Redistribution]
398
+
399
+ M5 --> O5[Disorder Changes]
400
+ N5 --> P5[Entropy Process]
401
+ O5 --> Q5[State Evolution]
402
+
403
+ P5 --> R5[Entropy Change]
404
+ Q5 --> S5[Disorder Measurement]
405
+ R5 --> T5[System Evolution]
406
+
407
+ S5 --> U5[Entropy Analysis]
408
+ T5 --> V5[Evolution Assessment]
409
+ U5 --> W5[Entropy Efficiency]
410
+
411
+ V5 --> X5[Final State Characterization]
412
+ W5 --> Y5[Process Optimization]
413
+ X5 --> Z5[Final Entropy State]
414
+
415
+ Y5 --> Z5
416
+
417
+ style A5 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
418
+ style C5 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
419
+ style E5 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
420
+
421
+ style B5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
422
+ style D5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
423
+ style F5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
424
+ style G5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
425
+ style H5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
426
+ style I5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
427
+ style J5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
428
+ style K5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
429
+ style L5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
430
+
431
+ style M5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
432
+ style N5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
433
+ style O5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
434
+ style P5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
435
+ style Q5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
436
+ style R5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
437
+ style S5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
438
+ style T5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
439
+ style U5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
440
+ style V5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
441
+ style W5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
442
+ style X5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
443
+ style Y5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
444
+
445
+ style Z5 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
446
+ </div>
447
+ <div class="figure-caption">
448
+ <strong>Figure 5.</strong> Entropy changes process showing disorder evolution, energy redistribution, and system state analysis.
449
+ </div>
450
+ </div>
451
+
452
+ <div class="navigation">
453
+ <a href="index.html">← Back to Programming Framework</a>
454
+ <a href="chemistry_index.html">← Back to Chemistry Index</a>
455
+ </div>
456
+
457
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;"><strong>Gary Welz</strong></p>
458
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">Retired Faculty Member</p>
459
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">John Jay College, CUNY (Department of Mathematics and Computer Science)</p>
460
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">Borough of Manhattan Community College, CUNY</p>
461
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">CUNY Graduate Center (New Media Lab)</p>
462
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">Email: gwelz@jjay.cuny.edu</p>
463
+ </div>
464
+
465
+ <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mermaid/dist/mermaid.min.js"></script>
466
+ <script>
467
+ mermaid.initialize({ startOnLoad: true });
468
+ </script>
469
+ </body>
470
+ </html>
chemistry_batch_11.html ADDED
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1
+ <!DOCTYPE html>
2
+ <html lang="en">
3
+ <head>
4
+ <meta charset="UTF-8">
5
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
6
+ <title>Chemistry Batch 11: Kinetic Processes - Programming Framework</title>
7
+ <style>
8
+ body {
9
+ font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;
10
+ line-height: 1.6;
11
+ margin: 0;
12
+ padding: 20px;
13
+ background: white;
14
+ color: #333;
15
+ }
16
+ .container {
17
+ max-width: 1200px;
18
+ margin: 0 auto;
19
+ background: white;
20
+ padding: 2rem;
21
+ }
22
+ h1, h2, h3 {
23
+ color: #2c3e50;
24
+ margin-top: 2rem;
25
+ margin-bottom: 1rem;
26
+ }
27
+ h1 {
28
+ text-align: center;
29
+ border-bottom: 3px solid #3498db;
30
+ padding-bottom: 1rem;
31
+ margin-bottom: 2rem;
32
+ }
33
+ .figure {
34
+ margin: 2rem 0;
35
+ padding: 1rem;
36
+ border: 1px solid #ddd;
37
+ border-radius: 8px;
38
+ background: #f9f9f9;
39
+ }
40
+ .figure-caption {
41
+ margin-top: 1rem;
42
+ font-style: italic;
43
+ text-align: center;
44
+ color: #666;
45
+ }
46
+ .mermaid {
47
+ background: white;
48
+ padding: 1rem;
49
+ border-radius: 4px;
50
+ margin: 1rem 0;
51
+ }
52
+ .navigation {
53
+ background: #ecf0f1;
54
+ padding: 1rem;
55
+ border-radius: 8px;
56
+ margin: 2rem 0;
57
+ text-align: center;
58
+ }
59
+ .navigation a {
60
+ color: #3498db;
61
+ text-decoration: none;
62
+ margin: 0 1rem;
63
+ font-weight: bold;
64
+ }
65
+ .navigation a:hover {
66
+ text-decoration: underline;
67
+ }
68
+ .process-title {
69
+ background: #3498db;
70
+ color: white;
71
+ padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
72
+ border-radius: 4px;
73
+ margin: 1rem 0;
74
+ font-weight: bold;
75
+ }
76
+ </style>
77
+ </head>
78
+ <body>
79
+ <div class="container">
80
+ <h1>Chemistry Batch 11: Kinetic Processes</h1>
81
+
82
+ <div class="navigation">
83
+ <a href="index.html">← Back to Programming Framework</a>
84
+ <a href="chemistry_index.html">← Back to Chemistry Index</a>
85
+ </div>
86
+
87
+ <div class="process-title">Process 1: Reaction Mechanisms</div>
88
+ <div class="figure">
89
+ <div class="mermaid">
90
+ graph TD
91
+ A1[Reactant Molecules] --> B1[Reaction Mechanism Method]
92
+ C1[Energy Barrier] --> D1[Transition State Analysis]
93
+ E1[Reaction Conditions] --> F1[Temperature Control]
94
+
95
+ B1 --> G1[Mechanism Elucidation]
96
+ D1 --> H1[Barrier Height]
97
+ F1 --> I1[Thermal Energy]
98
+
99
+ G1 --> J1[Elementary Steps]
100
+ H1 --> K1[Activation Energy]
101
+ I1 --> L1[Energy Distribution]
102
+
103
+ J1 --> M1[Step Identification]
104
+ K1 --> L1
105
+ L1 --> N1[Energy Transfer]
106
+
107
+ M1 --> O1[Intermediate Formation]
108
+ N1 --> P1[Reaction Progress]
109
+ O1 --> Q1[Mechanistic Analysis]
110
+
111
+ P1 --> R1[Product Formation]
112
+ Q1 --> S1[Step Kinetics]
113
+ R1 --> T1[Mechanism Validation]
114
+
115
+ S1 --> U1[Rate Determination]
116
+ T1 --> V1[Mechanism Confirmation]
117
+ U1 --> W1[Kinetic Analysis]
118
+
119
+ V1 --> X1[Mechanism Characterization]
120
+ W1 --> Y1[Process Optimization]
121
+ X1 --> Z1[Final Reaction Mechanism]
122
+
123
+ Y1 --> Z1
124
+
125
+ style A1 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
126
+ style C1 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
127
+ style E1 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
128
+
129
+ style B1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
130
+ style D1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
131
+ style F1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
132
+ style G1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
133
+ style H1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
134
+ style I1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
135
+ style J1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
136
+ style K1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
137
+ style L1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
138
+
139
+ style M1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
140
+ style N1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
141
+ style O1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
142
+ style P1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
143
+ style Q1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
144
+ style R1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
145
+ style S1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
146
+ style T1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
147
+ style U1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
148
+ style V1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
149
+ style W1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
150
+ style X1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
151
+ style Y1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
152
+
153
+ style Z1 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
154
+ </div>
155
+ <div class="figure-caption">
156
+ <strong>Figure 1.</strong> Reaction mechanism process showing elementary steps, transition states, and mechanistic analysis.
157
+ </div>
158
+ </div>
159
+
160
+ <div class="process-title">Process 2: Temperature Effects</div>
161
+ <div class="figure">
162
+ <div class="mermaid">
163
+ graph TD
164
+ A2[Thermal Energy] --> B2[Temperature Effect Method]
165
+ C2[Reaction System] --> D2[Temperature Control]
166
+ E2[Kinetic Parameters] --> F2[Arrhenius Analysis]
167
+
168
+ B2 --> G2[Temperature Setup]
169
+ D2 --> H2[Thermal Regulation]
170
+ F2 --> I2[Parameter Analysis]
171
+
172
+ G2 --> J2[Temperature Range]
173
+ H2 --> K2[Heat Transfer]
174
+ I2 --> L2[Arrhenius Plot]
175
+
176
+ J2 --> M2[Energy Distribution]
177
+ K2 --> L2
178
+ L2 --> N2[Activation Energy]
179
+
180
+ M2 --> O2[Molecular Motion]
181
+ N2 --> P2[Temperature Dependence]
182
+ O2 --> Q2[Kinetic Analysis]
183
+
184
+ P2 --> R2[Rate Changes]
185
+ Q2 --> S2[Energy Analysis]
186
+ R2 --> T2[Temperature Optimization]
187
+
188
+ S2 --> U2[Arrhenius Parameters]
189
+ T2 --> V2[Optimal Temperature]
190
+ U2 --> W2[Temperature Efficiency]
191
+
192
+ V2 --> X2[Temperature Characterization]
193
+ W2 --> Y2[Process Optimization]
194
+ X2 --> Z2[Final Temperature Conditions]
195
+
196
+ Y2 --> Z2
197
+
198
+ style A2 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
199
+ style C2 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
200
+ style E2 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
201
+
202
+ style B2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
203
+ style D2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
204
+ style F2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
205
+ style G2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
206
+ style H2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
207
+ style I2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
208
+ style J2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
209
+ style K2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
210
+ style L2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
211
+
212
+ style M2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
213
+ style N2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
214
+ style O2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
215
+ style P2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
216
+ style Q2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
217
+ style R2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
218
+ style S2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
219
+ style T2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
220
+ style U2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
221
+ style V2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
222
+ style W2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
223
+ style X2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
224
+ style Y2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
225
+
226
+ style Z2 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
227
+ </div>
228
+ <div class="figure-caption">
229
+ <strong>Figure 2.</strong> Temperature effects process illustrating Arrhenius analysis, energy distribution, and temperature optimization.
230
+ </div>
231
+ </div>
232
+
233
+ <div class="process-title">Process 3: Concentration Effects</div>
234
+ <div class="figure">
235
+ <div class="mermaid">
236
+ graph TD
237
+ A3[Reactant Concentrations] --> B3[Concentration Effect Method]
238
+ C3[Reaction Vessel] --> D3[Concentration Control]
239
+ E3[Rate Measurement] --> F3[Kinetic Analysis]
240
+
241
+ B3 --> G3[Concentration Setup]
242
+ D3 --> H3[Concentration Monitoring]
243
+ F3 --> I3[Rate Determination]
244
+
245
+ G3 --> J3[Initial Concentrations]
246
+ H3 --> K3[Concentration Changes]
247
+ I3 --> L3[Rate Law Analysis]
248
+
249
+ J3 --> M3[Concentration Dependence]
250
+ K3 --> L3
251
+ L3 --> N3[Reaction Order]
252
+
253
+ M3 --> O3[Molecular Collisions]
254
+ N3 --> P3[Concentration Kinetics]
255
+ O3 --> Q3[Collision Theory]
256
+
257
+ P3 --> R3[Rate Changes]
258
+ Q3 --> S3[Collision Analysis]
259
+ R3 --> T3[Concentration Optimization]
260
+
261
+ S3 --> U3[Rate Law Parameters]
262
+ T3 --> V3[Optimal Concentrations]
263
+ U3 --> W3[Concentration Efficiency]
264
+
265
+ V3 --> X3[Concentration Characterization]
266
+ W3 --> Y3[Process Optimization]
267
+ X3 --> Z3[Final Concentration Conditions]
268
+
269
+ Y3 --> Z3
270
+
271
+ style A3 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
272
+ style C3 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
273
+ style E3 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
274
+
275
+ style B3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
276
+ style D3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
277
+ style F3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
278
+ style G3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
279
+ style H3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
280
+ style I3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
281
+ style J3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
282
+ style K3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
283
+ style L3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
284
+
285
+ style M3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
286
+ style N3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
287
+ style O3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
288
+ style P3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
289
+ style Q3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
290
+ style R3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
291
+ style S3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
292
+ style T3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
293
+ style U3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
294
+ style V3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
295
+ style W3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
296
+ style X3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
297
+ style Y3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
298
+
299
+ style Z3 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
300
+ </div>
301
+ <div class="figure-caption">
302
+ <strong>Figure 3.</strong> Concentration effects process showing collision theory, rate laws, and concentration optimization.
303
+ </div>
304
+ </div>
305
+
306
+ <div class="process-title">Process 4: Catalyst Effects</div>
307
+ <div class="figure">
308
+ <div class="mermaid">
309
+ graph TD
310
+ A4[Catalyst Material] --> B4[Catalyst Effect Method]
311
+ C4[Reaction System] --> D4[Catalyst Loading]
312
+ E4[Rate Enhancement] --> F4[Catalytic Analysis]
313
+
314
+ B4 --> G4[Catalyst Preparation]
315
+ D4 --> H4[Loading Optimization]
316
+ F4 --> I4[Activity Measurement]
317
+
318
+ G4 --> J4[Catalyst Characterization]
319
+ H4 --> K4[Surface Area]
320
+ I4 --> L4[Turnover Frequency]
321
+
322
+ J4 --> M4[Active Sites]
323
+ K4 --> L4
324
+ L4 --> N4[Catalytic Activity]
325
+
326
+ M4 --> O4[Reaction Pathway]
327
+ N4 --> P4[Catalyst Kinetics]
328
+ O4 --> Q4[Mechanism Modification]
329
+
330
+ P4 --> R4[Rate Enhancement]
331
+ Q4 --> S4[Pathway Analysis]
332
+ R4 --> T4[Catalyst Optimization]
333
+
334
+ S4 --> U4[Catalytic Parameters]
335
+ T4 --> V4[Optimal Loading]
336
+ U4 --> W4[Catalyst Efficiency]
337
+
338
+ V4 --> X4[Catalyst Characterization]
339
+ W4 --> Y4[Process Optimization]
340
+ X4 --> Z4[Final Catalyst Conditions]
341
+
342
+ Y4 --> Z4
343
+
344
+ style A4 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
345
+ style C4 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
346
+ style E4 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
347
+
348
+ style B4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
349
+ style D4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
350
+ style F4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
351
+ style G4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
352
+ style H4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
353
+ style I4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
354
+ style J4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
355
+ style K4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
356
+ style L4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
357
+
358
+ style M4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
359
+ style N4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
360
+ style O4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
361
+ style P4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
362
+ style Q4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
363
+ style R4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
364
+ style S4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
365
+ style T4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
366
+ style U4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
367
+ style V4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
368
+ style W4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
369
+ style X4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
370
+ style Y4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
371
+
372
+ style Z4 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
373
+ </div>
374
+ <div class="figure-caption">
375
+ <strong>Figure 4.</strong> Catalyst effects process showing mechanism modification, rate enhancement, and catalytic optimization.
376
+ </div>
377
+ </div>
378
+
379
+ <div class="process-title">Process 5: Pressure Effects</div>
380
+ <div class="figure">
381
+ <div class="mermaid">
382
+ graph TD
383
+ A5[Gas Pressure] --> B5[Pressure Effect Method]
384
+ C5[Reaction System] --> D5[Pressure Control]
385
+ E5[Volume Changes] --> F5[Pressure Analysis]
386
+
387
+ B5 --> G5[Pressure Setup]
388
+ D5 --> H5[Pressure Regulation]
389
+ F5 --> I5[Volume Monitoring]
390
+
391
+ G5 --> J5[Pressure Range]
392
+ H5 --> K5[Pressure Control]
393
+ I5 --> L5[Volume Analysis]
394
+
395
+ J5 --> M5[Gas Compression]
396
+ K5 --> L5
397
+ L5 --> N5[Volume Changes]
398
+
399
+ M5 --> O5[Molecular Density]
400
+ N5 --> P5[Pressure Kinetics]
401
+ O5 --> Q5[Collision Frequency]
402
+
403
+ P5 --> R5[Rate Changes]
404
+ Q5 --> S5[Pressure Analysis]
405
+ R5 --> T5[Pressure Optimization]
406
+
407
+ S5 --> U5[Pressure Parameters]
408
+ T5 --> V5[Optimal Pressure]
409
+ U5 --> W5[Pressure Efficiency]
410
+
411
+ V5 --> X5[Pressure Characterization]
412
+ W5 --> Y5[Process Optimization]
413
+ X5 --> Z5[Final Pressure Conditions]
414
+
415
+ Y5 --> Z5
416
+
417
+ style A5 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
418
+ style C5 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
419
+ style E5 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
420
+
421
+ style B5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
422
+ style D5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
423
+ style F5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
424
+ style G5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
425
+ style H5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
426
+ style I5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
427
+ style J5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
428
+ style K5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
429
+ style L5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
430
+
431
+ style M5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
432
+ style N5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
433
+ style O5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
434
+ style P5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
435
+ style Q5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
436
+ style R5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
437
+ style S5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
438
+ style T5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
439
+ style U5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
440
+ style V5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
441
+ style W5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
442
+ style X5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
443
+ style Y5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
444
+
445
+ style Z5 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
446
+ </div>
447
+ <div class="figure-caption">
448
+ <strong>Figure 5.</strong> Pressure effects process showing gas compression, volume changes, and pressure optimization.
449
+ </div>
450
+ </div>
451
+
452
+ <div class="navigation">
453
+ <a href="index.html">← Back to Programming Framework</a>
454
+ <a href="chemistry_index.html">← Back to Chemistry Index</a>
455
+ </div>
456
+
457
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;"><strong>Gary Welz</strong></p>
458
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">Retired Faculty Member</p>
459
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">John Jay College, CUNY (Department of Mathematics and Computer Science)</p>
460
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">Borough of Manhattan Community College, CUNY</p>
461
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">CUNY Graduate Center (New Media Lab)</p>
462
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">Email: gwelz@jjay.cuny.edu</p>
463
+ </div>
464
+
465
+ <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mermaid/dist/mermaid.min.js"></script>
466
+ <script>
467
+ mermaid.initialize({ startOnLoad: true });
468
+ </script>
469
+ </body>
470
+ </html>
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1
+ <!DOCTYPE html>
2
+ <html lang="en">
3
+ <head>
4
+ <meta charset="UTF-8">
5
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
6
+ <title>Chemistry Batch 12: Spectroscopy & Analysis - Programming Framework</title>
7
+ <style>
8
+ body {
9
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10
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+ }
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23
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24
+ margin-top: 2rem;
25
+ margin-bottom: 1rem;
26
+ }
27
+ h1 {
28
+ text-align: center;
29
+ border-bottom: 3px solid #3498db;
30
+ padding-bottom: 1rem;
31
+ margin-bottom: 2rem;
32
+ }
33
+ .figure {
34
+ margin: 2rem 0;
35
+ padding: 1rem;
36
+ border: 1px solid #ddd;
37
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38
+ background: #f9f9f9;
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40
+ .figure-caption {
41
+ margin-top: 1rem;
42
+ font-style: italic;
43
+ text-align: center;
44
+ color: #666;
45
+ }
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47
+ background: white;
48
+ padding: 1rem;
49
+ border-radius: 4px;
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+ margin: 1rem 0;
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54
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60
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61
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66
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69
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71
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75
+ }
76
+ </style>
77
+ </head>
78
+ <body>
79
+ <div class="container">
80
+ <h1>Chemistry Batch 12: Spectroscopy & Analysis</h1>
81
+
82
+ <div class="navigation">
83
+ <a href="index.html">← Back to Programming Framework</a>
84
+ <a href="chemistry_index.html">← Back to Chemistry Index</a>
85
+ </div>
86
+
87
+ <div class="process-title">Process 1: UV-Vis Spectroscopy</div>
88
+ <div class="figure">
89
+ <div class="mermaid">
90
+ graph TD
91
+ A1[Light Source] --> B1[UV-Vis Spectroscopy Method]
92
+ C1[Sample Solution] --> D1[Wavelength Control]
93
+ E1[Detector System] --> F1[Data Collection]
94
+
95
+ B1 --> G1[Monochromator Setup]
96
+ D1 --> H1[Wavelength Selection]
97
+ F1 --> I1[Signal Processing]
98
+
99
+ G1 --> J1[Light Dispersion]
100
+ H1 --> K1[Wavelength Range]
101
+ I1 --> L1[Absorbance Measurement]
102
+
103
+ J1 --> M1[Light Transmission]
104
+ K1 --> L1
105
+ L1 --> N1[Electronic Transitions]
106
+
107
+ M1 --> O1[Sample Irradiation]
108
+ N1 --> P1[Absorption Process]
109
+ O1 --> Q1[Spectroscopic Analysis]
110
+
111
+ P1 --> R1[Absorbance Spectrum]
112
+ Q1 --> S1[Peak Analysis]
113
+ R1 --> T1[Concentration Determination]
114
+
115
+ S1 --> U1[Beer's Law Analysis]
116
+ T1 --> V1[Concentration Calculation]
117
+ U1 --> W1[Spectroscopic Efficiency]
118
+
119
+ V1 --> X1[Sample Characterization]
120
+ W1 --> Y1[Process Optimization]
121
+ X1 --> Z1[Final Absorption Spectrum]
122
+
123
+ Y1 --> Z1
124
+
125
+ style A1 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
126
+ style C1 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
127
+ style E1 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
128
+
129
+ style B1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
130
+ style D1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
131
+ style F1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
132
+ style G1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
133
+ style H1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
134
+ style I1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
135
+ style J1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
136
+ style K1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
137
+ style L1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
138
+
139
+ style M1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
140
+ style N1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
141
+ style O1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
142
+ style P1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
143
+ style Q1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
144
+ style R1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
145
+ style S1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
146
+ style T1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
147
+ style U1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
148
+ style V1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
149
+ style W1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
150
+ style X1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
151
+ style Y1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
152
+
153
+ style Z1 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
154
+ </div>
155
+ <div class="figure-caption">
156
+ <strong>Figure 1.</strong> UV-Vis spectroscopy process showing electronic transitions, absorbance measurement, and concentration determination.
157
+ </div>
158
+ </div>
159
+
160
+ <div class="process-title">Process 2: IR Spectroscopy</div>
161
+ <div class="figure">
162
+ <div class="mermaid">
163
+ graph TD
164
+ A2[IR Radiation] --> B2[IR Spectroscopy Method]
165
+ C2[Molecular Sample] --> D2[Wavelength Control]
166
+ E2[Detector System] --> F2[Data Collection]
167
+
168
+ B2 --> G2[IR Source Setup]
169
+ D2 --> H2[Wavelength Selection]
170
+ F2 --> I2[Signal Processing]
171
+
172
+ G2 --> J2[Radiation Generation]
173
+ H2 --> K2[Frequency Range]
174
+ I2 --> L2[Transmittance Measurement]
175
+
176
+ J2 --> M2[Radiation Transmission]
177
+ K2 --> L2
178
+ L2 --> N2[Molecular Vibrations]
179
+
180
+ M2 --> O2[Sample Irradiation]
181
+ N2 --> P2[Vibrational Absorption]
182
+ O2 --> Q2[Spectroscopic Analysis]
183
+
184
+ P2 --> R2[IR Spectrum]
185
+ Q2 --> S2[Peak Assignment]
186
+ R2 --> T2[Functional Group Analysis]
187
+
188
+ S2 --> U2[Vibrational Analysis]
189
+ T2 --> V2[Group Identification]
190
+ U2 --> W2[Spectroscopic Efficiency]
191
+
192
+ V2 --> X2[Molecular Characterization]
193
+ W2 --> Y2[Process Optimization]
194
+ X2 --> Z2[Final IR Spectrum]
195
+
196
+ Y2 --> Z2
197
+
198
+ style A2 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
199
+ style C2 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
200
+ style E2 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
201
+
202
+ style B2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
203
+ style D2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
204
+ style F2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
205
+ style G2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
206
+ style H2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
207
+ style I2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
208
+ style J2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
209
+ style K2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
210
+ style L2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
211
+
212
+ style M2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
213
+ style N2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
214
+ style O2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
215
+ style P2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
216
+ style Q2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
217
+ style R2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
218
+ style S2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
219
+ style T2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
220
+ style U2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
221
+ style V2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
222
+ style W2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
223
+ style X2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
224
+ style Y2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
225
+
226
+ style Z2 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
227
+ </div>
228
+ <div class="figure-caption">
229
+ <strong>Figure 2.</strong> IR spectroscopy process illustrating molecular vibrations, functional group analysis, and molecular characterization.
230
+ </div>
231
+ </div>
232
+
233
+ <div class="process-title">Process 3: NMR Spectroscopy</div>
234
+ <div class="figure">
235
+ <div class="mermaid">
236
+ graph TD
237
+ A3[Magnetic Field] --> B3[NMR Spectroscopy Method]
238
+ C3[Nuclear Sample] --> D3[Radiofrequency Control]
239
+ E3[Detector System] --> F3[Data Collection]
240
+
241
+ B3 --> G3[Magnet Setup]
242
+ D3 --> H3[RF Pulse Control]
243
+ F3 --> I3[Signal Processing]
244
+
245
+ G3 --> J3[Field Alignment]
246
+ H3 --> K3[Pulse Sequence]
247
+ I3 --> L3[Free Induction Decay]
248
+
249
+ J3 --> M3[Nuclear Alignment]
250
+ K3 --> L3
251
+ L3 --> N3[Nuclear Spin Transitions]
252
+
253
+ M3 --> O3[Sample Irradiation]
254
+ N3 --> P3[Spin Relaxation]
255
+ O3 --> Q3[Spectroscopic Analysis]
256
+
257
+ P3 --> R3[NMR Spectrum]
258
+ Q3 --> S3[Chemical Shift Analysis]
259
+ R3 --> T3[Molecular Structure]
260
+
261
+ S3 --> U3[Spin Analysis]
262
+ T3 --> V3[Structure Determination]
263
+ U3 --> W3[Spectroscopic Efficiency]
264
+
265
+ V3 --> X3[Molecular Characterization]
266
+ W3 --> Y3[Process Optimization]
267
+ X3 --> Z3[Final NMR Spectrum]
268
+
269
+ Y3 --> Z3
270
+
271
+ style A3 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
272
+ style C3 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
273
+ style E3 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
274
+
275
+ style B3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
276
+ style D3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
277
+ style F3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
278
+ style G3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
279
+ style H3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
280
+ style I3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
281
+ style J3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
282
+ style K3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
283
+ style L3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
284
+
285
+ style M3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
286
+ style N3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
287
+ style O3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
288
+ style P3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
289
+ style Q3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
290
+ style R3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
291
+ style S3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
292
+ style T3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
293
+ style U3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
294
+ style V3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
295
+ style W3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
296
+ style X3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
297
+ style Y3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
298
+
299
+ style Z3 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
300
+ </div>
301
+ <div class="figure-caption">
302
+ <strong>Figure 3.</strong> NMR spectroscopy process showing nuclear spin transitions, chemical shift analysis, and molecular structure determination.
303
+ </div>
304
+ </div>
305
+
306
+ <div class="process-title">Process 4: Mass Spectrometry</div>
307
+ <div class="figure">
308
+ <div class="mermaid">
309
+ graph TD
310
+ A4[Sample Molecules] --> B4[Mass Spectrometry Method]
311
+ C4[Ionization Source] --> D4[Mass Analyzer]
312
+ E4[Detector System] --> F4[Data Collection]
313
+
314
+ B4 --> G4[Sample Introduction]
315
+ D4 --> H4[Mass Separation]
316
+ F4 --> I4[Signal Processing]
317
+
318
+ G4 --> J4[Sample Vaporization]
319
+ H4 --> K4[Mass-to-Charge Ratio]
320
+ I4 --> L4[Ion Detection]
321
+
322
+ J4 --> M4[Molecular Ionization]
323
+ K4 --> L4
324
+ L4 --> N4[Ion Separation]
325
+
326
+ M4 --> O4[Ion Formation]
327
+ N4 --> P4[Mass Analysis]
328
+ O4 --> Q4[Spectroscopic Analysis]
329
+
330
+ P4 --> R4[Mass Spectrum]
331
+ Q4 --> S4[Fragmentation Analysis]
332
+ R4 --> T4[Molecular Weight]
333
+
334
+ S4 --> U4[Fragmentation Pattern]
335
+ T4 --> V4[Molecular Identification]
336
+ U4 --> W4[Spectroscopic Efficiency]
337
+
338
+ V4 --> X4[Molecular Characterization]
339
+ W4 --> Y4[Process Optimization]
340
+ X4 --> Z4[Final Mass Spectrum]
341
+
342
+ Y4 --> Z4
343
+
344
+ style A4 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
345
+ style C4 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
346
+ style E4 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
347
+
348
+ style B4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
349
+ style D4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
350
+ style F4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
351
+ style G4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
352
+ style H4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
353
+ style I4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
354
+ style J4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
355
+ style K4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
356
+ style L4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
357
+
358
+ style M4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
359
+ style N4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
360
+ style O4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
361
+ style P4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
362
+ style Q4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
363
+ style R4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
364
+ style S4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
365
+ style T4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
366
+ style U4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
367
+ style V4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
368
+ style W4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
369
+ style X4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
370
+ style Y4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
371
+
372
+ style Z4 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
373
+ </div>
374
+ <div class="figure-caption">
375
+ <strong>Figure 4.</strong> Mass spectrometry process showing ionization, fragmentation, and molecular weight determination.
376
+ </div>
377
+ </div>
378
+
379
+ <div class="process-title">Process 5: Chromatography</div>
380
+ <div class="figure">
381
+ <div class="mermaid">
382
+ graph TD
383
+ A5[Sample Mixture] --> B5[Chromatography Method]
384
+ C5[Stationary Phase] --> D5[Mobile Phase]
385
+ E5[Detector System] --> F5[Data Collection]
386
+
387
+ B5 --> G5[Column Preparation]
388
+ D5 --> H5[Flow Control]
389
+ F5 --> I5[Signal Processing]
390
+
391
+ G5 --> J5[Column Packing]
392
+ H5 --> K5[Flow Rate]
393
+ I5 --> L5[Retention Time]
394
+
395
+ J5 --> M5[Sample Injection]
396
+ K5 --> L5
397
+ L5 --> N5[Separation Process]
398
+
399
+ M5 --> O5[Sample Loading]
400
+ N5 --> P5[Chromatographic Separation]
401
+ O5 --> Q5[Analytical Process]
402
+
403
+ P5 --> R5[Chromatogram]
404
+ Q5 --> S5[Peak Analysis]
405
+ R5 --> T5[Component Separation]
406
+
407
+ S5 --> U5[Retention Analysis]
408
+ T5 --> V5[Component Identification]
409
+ U5 --> W5[Chromatographic Efficiency]
410
+
411
+ V5 --> X5[Sample Characterization]
412
+ W5 --> Y5[Process Optimization]
413
+ X5 --> Z5[Final Chromatogram]
414
+
415
+ Y5 --> Z5
416
+
417
+ style A5 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
418
+ style C5 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
419
+ style E5 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
420
+
421
+ style B5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
422
+ style D5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
423
+ style F5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
424
+ style G5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
425
+ style H5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style I5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
427
+ style J5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
428
+ style K5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
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+ style L5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
430
+
431
+ style M5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
432
+ style N5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
433
+ style O5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
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+ style P5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
435
+ style Q5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
436
+ style R5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
437
+ style S5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
438
+ style T5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
439
+ style U5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
440
+ style V5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
441
+ style W5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
442
+ style X5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
443
+ style Y5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
444
+
445
+ style Z5 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
446
+ </div>
447
+ <div class="figure-caption">
448
+ <strong>Figure 5.</strong> Chromatography process showing separation, retention analysis, and component identification.
449
+ </div>
450
+ </div>
451
+
452
+ <div class="navigation">
453
+ <a href="index.html">← Back to Programming Framework</a>
454
+ <a href="chemistry_index.html">← Back to Chemistry Index</a>
455
+ </div>
456
+
457
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;"><strong>Gary Welz</strong></p>
458
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">Retired Faculty Member</p>
459
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">John Jay College, CUNY (Department of Mathematics and Computer Science)</p>
460
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">Borough of Manhattan Community College, CUNY</p>
461
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">CUNY Graduate Center (New Media Lab)</p>
462
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">Email: gwelz@jjay.cuny.edu</p>
463
+ </div>
464
+
465
+ <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mermaid/dist/mermaid.min.js"></script>
466
+ <script>
467
+ mermaid.initialize({ startOnLoad: true });
468
+ </script>
469
+ </body>
470
+ </html>
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1
+ <!DOCTYPE html>
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+ <html lang="en">
3
+ <head>
4
+ <meta charset="UTF-8">
5
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
6
+ <title>Chemistry Batch 13: Quantum Chemistry - Programming Framework</title>
7
+ <style>
8
+ body {
9
+ font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;
10
+ line-height: 1.6;
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+ margin: 0;
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+ padding: 20px;
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+ .container {
17
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+ h1, h2, h3 {
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+ h1 {
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+ padding-bottom: 1rem;
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+ margin-bottom: 2rem;
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41
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42
+ font-style: italic;
43
+ text-align: center;
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47
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48
+ padding: 1rem;
49
+ border-radius: 4px;
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+ margin: 1rem 0;
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53
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54
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60
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61
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62
+ margin: 0 1rem;
63
+ font-weight: bold;
64
+ }
65
+ .navigation a:hover {
66
+ text-decoration: underline;
67
+ }
68
+ .process-title {
69
+ background: #3498db;
70
+ color: white;
71
+ padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
72
+ border-radius: 4px;
73
+ margin: 1rem 0;
74
+ font-weight: bold;
75
+ }
76
+ </style>
77
+ </head>
78
+ <body>
79
+ <div class="container">
80
+ <h1>Chemistry Batch 13: Quantum Chemistry</h1>
81
+
82
+ <div class="navigation">
83
+ <a href="index.html">← Back to Programming Framework</a>
84
+ <a href="chemistry_index.html">← Back to Chemistry Index</a>
85
+ </div>
86
+
87
+ <div class="process-title">Process 1: Molecular Orbitals</div>
88
+ <div class="figure">
89
+ <div class="mermaid">
90
+ graph TD
91
+ A1[Atomic Orbitals] --> B1[Molecular Orbital Method]
92
+ C1[Electronic Structure] --> D1[Wave Function Analysis]
93
+ E1[Energy Levels] --> F1[Computational Setup]
94
+
95
+ B1 --> G1[Orbital Combination]
96
+ D1 --> H1[Wave Function Calculation]
97
+ F1 --> I1[Basis Set Selection]
98
+
99
+ G1 --> J1[Linear Combination]
100
+ H1 --> K1[Schrödinger Equation]
101
+ I1 --> L1[Computational Parameters]
102
+
103
+ J1 --> M1[Orbital Formation]
104
+ K1 --> L1
105
+ L1 --> N1[Energy Calculation]
106
+
107
+ M1 --> O1[Bonding Orbitals]
108
+ N1 --> P1[Quantum Calculation]
109
+ O1 --> Q1[Electronic Structure]
110
+
111
+ P1 --> R1[Antibonding Orbitals]
112
+ Q1 --> S1[Orbital Analysis]
113
+ R1 --> T1[Molecular Properties]
114
+
115
+ S1 --> U1[Energy Level Analysis]
116
+ T1 --> V1[Property Calculation]
117
+ U1 --> W1[Quantum Efficiency]
118
+
119
+ V1 --> X1[Molecular Characterization]
120
+ W1 --> Y1[Process Optimization]
121
+ X1 --> Z1[Final Molecular Orbitals]
122
+
123
+ Y1 --> Z1
124
+
125
+ style A1 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
126
+ style C1 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
127
+ style E1 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
128
+
129
+ style B1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
130
+ style D1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
131
+ style F1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
132
+ style G1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
133
+ style H1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
134
+ style I1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
135
+ style J1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
136
+ style K1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
137
+ style L1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
138
+
139
+ style M1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
140
+ style N1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
141
+ style O1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
142
+ style P1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
143
+ style Q1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
144
+ style R1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
145
+ style S1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
146
+ style T1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
147
+ style U1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
148
+ style V1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
149
+ style W1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
150
+ style X1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
151
+ style Y1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
152
+
153
+ style Z1 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
154
+ </div>
155
+ <div class="figure-caption">
156
+ <strong>Figure 1.</strong> Molecular orbitals process showing orbital combination, electronic structure, and quantum calculation.
157
+ </div>
158
+ </div>
159
+
160
+ <div class="process-title">Process 2: Electronic Transitions</div>
161
+ <div class="figure">
162
+ <div class="mermaid">
163
+ graph TD
164
+ A2[Ground State] --> B2[Electronic Transition Method]
165
+ C2[Excited States] --> D2[Energy Level Analysis]
166
+ E2[Photon Energy] --> F2[Transition Calculation]
167
+
168
+ B2 --> G2[State Preparation]
169
+ D2 --> H2[Energy Level Calculation]
170
+ F2 --> I2[Transition Probability]
171
+
172
+ G2 --> J2[Initial State]
173
+ H2 --> K2[Energy Differences]
174
+ I2 --> L2[Selection Rules]
175
+
176
+ J2 --> M2[State Characterization]
177
+ K2 --> L2
178
+ L2 --> N2[Transition Analysis]
179
+
180
+ M2 --> O2[State Transitions]
181
+ N2 --> P2[Electronic Excitation]
182
+ O2 --> Q2[Quantum Analysis]
183
+
184
+ P2 --> R2[Excited State Formation]
185
+ Q2 --> S2[Transition Analysis]
186
+ R2 --> T2[State Properties]
187
+
188
+ S2 --> U2[Transition Probability]
189
+ T2 --> V2[Property Calculation]
190
+ U2 --> W2[Quantum Efficiency]
191
+
192
+ V2 --> X2[State Characterization]
193
+ W2 --> Y2[Process Optimization]
194
+ X2 --> Z2[Final Electronic States]
195
+
196
+ Y2 --> Z2
197
+
198
+ style A2 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
199
+ style C2 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
200
+ style E2 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
201
+
202
+ style B2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
203
+ style D2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
204
+ style F2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
205
+ style G2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
206
+ style H2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
207
+ style I2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
208
+ style J2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
209
+ style K2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
210
+ style L2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
211
+
212
+ style M2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
213
+ style N2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
214
+ style O2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
215
+ style P2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
216
+ style Q2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
217
+ style R2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
218
+ style S2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
219
+ style T2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
220
+ style U2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
221
+ style V2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
222
+ style W2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
223
+ style X2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
224
+ style Y2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
225
+
226
+ style Z2 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
227
+ </div>
228
+ <div class="figure-caption">
229
+ <strong>Figure 2.</strong> Electronic transitions process illustrating state transitions, excitation analysis, and quantum efficiency.
230
+ </div>
231
+ </div>
232
+
233
+ <div class="process-title">Process 3: Computational Methods</div>
234
+ <div class="figure">
235
+ <div class="mermaid">
236
+ graph TD
237
+ A3[Molecular System] --> B3[Computational Method Selection]
238
+ C3[Quantum Theory] --> D3[Algorithm Implementation]
239
+ E3[Computational Resources] --> F3[Calculation Setup]
240
+
241
+ B3 --> G3[Method Selection]
242
+ D3 --> H3[Algorithm Development]
243
+ F3 --> I3[Resource Allocation]
244
+
245
+ G3 --> J3[DFT Selection]
246
+ H3 --> K3[Code Implementation]
247
+ I3 --> L3[Computational Parameters]
248
+
249
+ J3 --> M3[Functional Selection]
250
+ K3 --> L3
251
+ L3 --> N3[Calculation Execution]
252
+
253
+ M3 --> O3[Electronic Structure]
254
+ N3 --> P3[Quantum Calculation]
255
+ O3 --> Q3[Computational Analysis]
256
+
257
+ P3 --> R3[Energy Calculation]
258
+ Q3 --> S3[Property Analysis]
259
+ R3 --> T3[Molecular Properties]
260
+
261
+ S3 --> U3[Accuracy Assessment]
262
+ T3 --> V3[Property Validation]
263
+ U3 --> W3[Computational Efficiency]
264
+
265
+ V3 --> X3[Result Characterization]
266
+ W3 --> Y3[Process Optimization]
267
+ X3 --> Z3[Final Computational Results]
268
+
269
+ Y3 --> Z3
270
+
271
+ style A3 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
272
+ style C3 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
273
+ style E3 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
274
+
275
+ style B3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
276
+ style D3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
277
+ style F3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
278
+ style G3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
279
+ style H3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
280
+ style I3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
281
+ style J3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
282
+ style K3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
283
+ style L3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
284
+
285
+ style M3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
286
+ style N3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
287
+ style O3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
288
+ style P3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
289
+ style Q3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
290
+ style R3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
291
+ style S3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
292
+ style T3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
293
+ style U3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
294
+ style V3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
295
+ style W3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
296
+ style X3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
297
+ style Y3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
298
+
299
+ style Z3 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
300
+ </div>
301
+ <div class="figure-caption">
302
+ <strong>Figure 3.</strong> Computational methods process showing algorithm implementation, quantum calculation, and computational efficiency.
303
+ </div>
304
+ </div>
305
+
306
+ <div class="process-title">Process 4: Reaction Pathways</div>
307
+ <div class="figure">
308
+ <div class="mermaid">
309
+ graph TD
310
+ A4[Reactant State] --> B4[Reaction Pathway Method]
311
+ C4[Transition States] --> D4[Energy Surface Analysis]
312
+ E4[Product State] --> F4[Pathway Calculation]
313
+
314
+ B4 --> G4[Pathway Identification]
315
+ D4 --> H4[Energy Surface Mapping]
316
+ F4 --> I4[Reaction Coordinate]
317
+
318
+ G4 --> J4[Initial State]
319
+ H4 --> K4[Energy Barriers]
320
+ I4 --> L4[Coordinate Analysis]
321
+
322
+ J4 --> M4[Reaction Initiation]
323
+ K4 --> L4
324
+ L4 --> N4[Transition State]
325
+
326
+ M4 --> O4[Pathway Evolution]
327
+ N4 --> P4[Reaction Progress]
328
+ O4 --> Q4[Quantum Analysis]
329
+
330
+ P4 --> R4[Product Formation]
331
+ Q4 --> S4[Pathway Analysis]
332
+ R4 --> T4[Reaction Properties]
333
+
334
+ S4 --> U4[Barrier Analysis]
335
+ T4 --> V4[Property Calculation]
336
+ U4 --> W4[Pathway Efficiency]
337
+
338
+ V4 --> X4[Reaction Characterization]
339
+ W4 --> Y4[Process Optimization]
340
+ X4 --> Z4[Final Reaction Pathway]
341
+
342
+ Y4 --> Z4
343
+
344
+ style A4 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
345
+ style C4 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
346
+ style E4 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
347
+
348
+ style B4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
349
+ style D4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
350
+ style F4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
351
+ style G4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
352
+ style H4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
353
+ style I4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
354
+ style J4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
355
+ style K4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
356
+ style L4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
357
+
358
+ style M4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
359
+ style N4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
360
+ style O4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
361
+ style P4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
362
+ style Q4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
363
+ style R4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
364
+ style S4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
365
+ style T4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
366
+ style U4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
367
+ style V4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
368
+ style W4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
369
+ style X4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
370
+ style Y4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
371
+
372
+ style Z4 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
373
+ </div>
374
+ <div class="figure-caption">
375
+ <strong>Figure 4.</strong> Reaction pathways process showing transition states, energy barriers, and pathway optimization.
376
+ </div>
377
+ </div>
378
+
379
+ <div class="process-title">Process 5: Spectroscopic Calculations</div>
380
+ <div class="figure">
381
+ <div class="mermaid">
382
+ graph TD
383
+ A5[Molecular System] --> B5[Spectroscopic Calculation Method]
384
+ C5[Quantum States] --> D5[Transition Analysis]
385
+ E5[Spectroscopic Properties] --> F5[Calculation Setup]
386
+
387
+ B5 --> G5[State Preparation]
388
+ D5 --> H5[Transition Selection]
389
+ F5 --> I5[Computational Parameters]
390
+
391
+ G5 --> J5[Initial State]
392
+ H5 --> K5[Transition Rules]
393
+ I5 --> L5[Calculation Setup]
394
+
395
+ J5 --> M5[State Characterization]
396
+ K5 --> L5
397
+ L5 --> N5[Spectroscopic Calculation]
398
+
399
+ M5 --> O5[Property Calculation]
400
+ N5 --> P5[Transition Analysis]
401
+ O5 --> Q5[Quantum Analysis]
402
+
403
+ P5 --> R5[Spectroscopic Properties]
404
+ Q5 --> S5[Property Analysis]
405
+ R5 --> T5[Spectroscopic Features]
406
+
407
+ S5 --> U5[Intensity Calculation]
408
+ T5 --> V5[Feature Analysis]
409
+ U5 --> W5[Spectroscopic Efficiency]
410
+
411
+ V5 --> X5[Spectroscopic Characterization]
412
+ W5 --> Y5[Process Optimization]
413
+ X5 --> Z5[Final Spectroscopic Properties]
414
+
415
+ Y5 --> Z5
416
+
417
+ style A5 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
418
+ style C5 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
419
+ style E5 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
420
+
421
+ style B5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
422
+ style D5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
423
+ style F5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
424
+ style G5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
425
+ style H5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
426
+ style I5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
427
+ style J5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
428
+ style K5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
429
+ style L5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
430
+
431
+ style M5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
432
+ style N5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
433
+ style O5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
434
+ style P5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
435
+ style Q5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
436
+ style R5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
437
+ style S5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
438
+ style T5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
439
+ style U5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
440
+ style V5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
441
+ style W5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
442
+ style X5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
443
+ style Y5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
444
+
445
+ style Z5 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
446
+ </div>
447
+ <div class="figure-caption">
448
+ <strong>Figure 5.</strong> Spectroscopic calculations process showing transition analysis, property calculation, and spectroscopic efficiency.
449
+ </div>
450
+ </div>
451
+
452
+ <div class="navigation">
453
+ <a href="index.html">← Back to Programming Framework</a>
454
+ <a href="chemistry_index.html">← Back to Chemistry Index</a>
455
+ </div>
456
+
457
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;"><strong>Gary Welz</strong></p>
458
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">Retired Faculty Member</p>
459
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">John Jay College, CUNY (Department of Mathematics and Computer Science)</p>
460
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">Borough of Manhattan Community College, CUNY</p>
461
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">CUNY Graduate Center (New Media Lab)</p>
462
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">Email: gwelz@jjay.cuny.edu</p>
463
+ </div>
464
+
465
+ <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mermaid/dist/mermaid.min.js"></script>
466
+ <script>
467
+ mermaid.initialize({ startOnLoad: true });
468
+ </script>
469
+ </body>
470
+ </html>
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1
+ <!DOCTYPE html>
2
+ <html lang="en">
3
+ <head>
4
+ <meta charset="UTF-8">
5
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
6
+ <title>Chemistry Batch 14: Materials Chemistry - Programming Framework</title>
7
+ <style>
8
+ body {
9
+ font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;
10
+ line-height: 1.6;
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+ margin: 0;
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+ padding: 20px;
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+ background: white;
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+ color: #333;
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+ }
16
+ .container {
17
+ max-width: 1200px;
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+ margin: 0 auto;
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+ background: white;
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+ padding: 2rem;
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+ }
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+ h1, h2, h3 {
23
+ color: #2c3e50;
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+ margin-top: 2rem;
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+ margin-bottom: 1rem;
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+ }
27
+ h1 {
28
+ text-align: center;
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+ border-bottom: 3px solid #3498db;
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+ padding-bottom: 1rem;
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+ margin-bottom: 2rem;
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+ }
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+ .figure {
34
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+ padding: 1rem;
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+ border: 1px solid #ddd;
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+ border-radius: 8px;
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+ background: #f9f9f9;
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+ }
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+ .figure-caption {
41
+ margin-top: 1rem;
42
+ font-style: italic;
43
+ text-align: center;
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+ color: #666;
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+ }
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+ .mermaid {
47
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48
+ padding: 1rem;
49
+ border-radius: 4px;
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+ margin: 1rem 0;
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+ .navigation {
53
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54
+ padding: 1rem;
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+ border-radius: 8px;
56
+ margin: 2rem 0;
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+ text-align: center;
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59
+ .navigation a {
60
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61
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62
+ margin: 0 1rem;
63
+ font-weight: bold;
64
+ }
65
+ .navigation a:hover {
66
+ text-decoration: underline;
67
+ }
68
+ .process-title {
69
+ background: #3498db;
70
+ color: white;
71
+ padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
72
+ border-radius: 4px;
73
+ margin: 1rem 0;
74
+ font-weight: bold;
75
+ }
76
+ </style>
77
+ </head>
78
+ <body>
79
+ <div class="container">
80
+ <h1>Chemistry Batch 14: Materials Chemistry</h1>
81
+
82
+ <div class="navigation">
83
+ <a href="index.html">← Back to Programming Framework</a>
84
+ <a href="chemistry_index.html">← Back to Chemistry Index</a>
85
+ </div>
86
+
87
+ <div class="process-title">Process 1: Crystal Structure</div>
88
+ <div class="figure">
89
+ <div class="mermaid">
90
+ graph TD
91
+ A1[Atomic Species] --> B1[Crystal Structure Method]
92
+ C1[Lattice Parameters] --> D1[Symmetry Analysis]
93
+ E1[Crystallization Conditions] --> F1[Structure Determination]
94
+
95
+ B1 --> G1[Unit Cell Design]
96
+ D1 --> H1[Symmetry Operations]
97
+ F1 --> I1[Diffraction Analysis]
98
+
99
+ G1 --> J1[Cell Parameters]
100
+ H1 --> K1[Space Group]
101
+ I1 --> L1[Diffraction Pattern]
102
+
103
+ J1 --> M1[Lattice Formation]
104
+ K1 --> L1
105
+ L1 --> N1[Structure Solution]
106
+
107
+ M1 --> O1[Atomic Arrangement]
108
+ N1 --> P1[Crystal Structure]
109
+ O1 --> Q1[Structural Analysis]
110
+
111
+ P1 --> R1[Unit Cell]
112
+ Q1 --> S1[Structure Analysis]
113
+ R1 --> T1[Crystal Properties]
114
+
115
+ S1 --> U1[Structural Parameters]
116
+ T1 --> V1[Property Calculation]
117
+ U1 --> W1[Structural Efficiency]
118
+
119
+ V1 --> X1[Crystal Characterization]
120
+ W1 --> Y1[Process Optimization]
121
+ X1 --> Z1[Final Crystal Structure]
122
+
123
+ Y1 --> Z1
124
+
125
+ style A1 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
126
+ style C1 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
127
+ style E1 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
128
+
129
+ style B1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
130
+ style D1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
131
+ style F1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
132
+ style G1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
133
+ style H1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
134
+ style I1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
135
+ style J1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
136
+ style K1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
137
+ style L1 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
138
+
139
+ style M1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
140
+ style N1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
141
+ style O1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
142
+ style P1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
143
+ style Q1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
144
+ style R1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
145
+ style S1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
146
+ style T1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
147
+ style U1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
148
+ style V1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
149
+ style W1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
150
+ style X1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
151
+ style Y1 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
152
+
153
+ style Z1 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
154
+ </div>
155
+ <div class="figure-caption">
156
+ <strong>Figure 1.</strong> Crystal structure process showing lattice formation, symmetry analysis, and structural determination.
157
+ </div>
158
+ </div>
159
+
160
+ <div class="process-title">Process 2: Polymorphism</div>
161
+ <div class="figure">
162
+ <div class="mermaid">
163
+ graph TD
164
+ A2[Molecular Compound] --> B2[Polymorphism Method]
165
+ C2[Crystallization Conditions] --> D2[Phase Analysis]
166
+ E2[Temperature Control] --> F2[Phase Transition]
167
+
168
+ B2 --> G2[Phase Preparation]
169
+ D2 --> H2[Phase Characterization]
170
+ F2 --> I2[Transition Control]
171
+
172
+ G2 --> J2[Initial Phase]
173
+ H2 --> K2[Phase Properties]
174
+ I2 --> L2[Transition Conditions]
175
+
176
+ J2 --> M2[Phase Formation]
177
+ K2 --> L2
178
+ L2 --> N2[Phase Transition]
179
+
180
+ M2 --> O2[Crystal Growth]
181
+ N2 --> P2[Polymorphic Transformation]
182
+ O2 --> Q2[Phase Analysis]
183
+
184
+ P2 --> R2[New Phase]
185
+ Q2 --> S2[Transition Analysis]
186
+ R2 --> T2[Phase Properties]
187
+
188
+ S2 --> U2[Transition Parameters]
189
+ T2 --> V2[Property Comparison]
190
+ U2 --> W2[Polymorphic Efficiency]
191
+
192
+ V2 --> X2[Phase Characterization]
193
+ W2 --> Y2[Process Optimization]
194
+ X2 --> Z2[Final Polymorphic Form]
195
+
196
+ Y2 --> Z2
197
+
198
+ style A2 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
199
+ style C2 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
200
+ style E2 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
201
+
202
+ style B2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
203
+ style D2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
204
+ style F2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
205
+ style G2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
206
+ style H2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
207
+ style I2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
208
+ style J2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
209
+ style K2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
210
+ style L2 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
211
+
212
+ style M2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
213
+ style N2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
214
+ style O2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
215
+ style P2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
216
+ style Q2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
217
+ style R2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
218
+ style S2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
219
+ style T2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
220
+ style U2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
221
+ style V2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
222
+ style W2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
223
+ style X2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
224
+ style Y2 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
225
+
226
+ style Z2 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
227
+ </div>
228
+ <div class="figure-caption">
229
+ <strong>Figure 2.</strong> Polymorphism process illustrating phase transitions, polymorphic transformation, and phase characterization.
230
+ </div>
231
+ </div>
232
+
233
+ <div class="process-title">Process 3: Defects & Doping</div>
234
+ <div class="figure">
235
+ <div class="mermaid">
236
+ graph TD
237
+ A3[Host Material] --> B3[Defect & Doping Method]
238
+ C3[Dopant Species] --> D3[Defect Analysis]
239
+ E3[Doping Conditions] --> F3[Conductivity Control]
240
+
241
+ B3 --> G3[Defect Introduction]
242
+ D3 --> H3[Defect Characterization]
243
+ F3 --> I3[Doping Optimization]
244
+
245
+ G3 --> J3[Point Defects]
246
+ H3 --> K3[Defect Properties]
247
+ I3 --> L3[Doping Concentration]
248
+
249
+ J3 --> M3[Defect Formation]
250
+ K3 --> L3
251
+ L3 --> N3[Conductivity Modification]
252
+
253
+ M3 --> O3[Defect Structure]
254
+ N3 --> P3[Electronic Properties]
255
+ O3 --> Q3[Defect Analysis]
256
+
257
+ P3 --> R3[Modified Conductivity]
258
+ Q3 --> S3[Property Analysis]
259
+ R3 --> T3[Material Properties]
260
+
261
+ S3 --> U3[Defect Parameters]
262
+ T3 --> V3[Property Optimization]
263
+ U3 --> W3[Defect Efficiency]
264
+
265
+ V3 --> X3[Material Characterization]
266
+ W3 --> Y3[Process Optimization]
267
+ X3 --> Z3[Final Doped Material]
268
+
269
+ Y3 --> Z3
270
+
271
+ style A3 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
272
+ style C3 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
273
+ style E3 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
274
+
275
+ style B3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
276
+ style D3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
277
+ style F3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
278
+ style G3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
279
+ style H3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
280
+ style I3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
281
+ style J3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
282
+ style K3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
283
+ style L3 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
284
+
285
+ style M3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
286
+ style N3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
287
+ style O3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
288
+ style P3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
289
+ style Q3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
290
+ style R3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
291
+ style S3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
292
+ style T3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
293
+ style U3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
294
+ style V3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
295
+ style W3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
296
+ style X3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
297
+ style Y3 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
298
+
299
+ style Z3 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
300
+ </div>
301
+ <div class="figure-caption">
302
+ <strong>Figure 3.</strong> Defects & doping process showing defect formation, conductivity modification, and material optimization.
303
+ </div>
304
+ </div>
305
+
306
+ <div class="process-title">Process 4: Nanomaterials</div>
307
+ <div class="figure">
308
+ <div class="mermaid">
309
+ graph TD
310
+ A4[Precursor Materials] --> B4[Nanomaterials Method]
311
+ C4[Synthesis Conditions] --> D4[Size Control]
312
+ E4[Surface Modification] --> F4[Nanostructure Formation]
313
+
314
+ B4 --> G4[Nanoparticle Synthesis]
315
+ D4 --> H4[Size Distribution]
316
+ F4 --> I4[Surface Analysis]
317
+
318
+ G4 --> J4[Nucleation Process]
319
+ H4 --> K4[Growth Control]
320
+ I4 --> L4[Surface Properties]
321
+
322
+ J4 --> M4[Particle Formation]
323
+ K4 --> L4
324
+ L4 --> N4[Size Effects]
325
+
326
+ M4 --> O4[Nanoparticle Growth]
327
+ N4 --> P4[Size-Dependent Properties]
328
+ O4 --> Q4[Nanostructure Analysis]
329
+
330
+ P4 --> R4[Surface Area Effects]
331
+ Q4 --> S4[Property Analysis]
332
+ R4 --> T4[Nanomaterial Properties]
333
+
334
+ S4 --> U4[Size Parameters]
335
+ T4 --> V4[Property Optimization]
336
+ U4 --> W4[Nanomaterial Efficiency]
337
+
338
+ V4 --> X4[Nanomaterial Characterization]
339
+ W4 --> Y4[Process Optimization]
340
+ X4 --> Z4[Final Nanomaterial]
341
+
342
+ Y4 --> Z4
343
+
344
+ style A4 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
345
+ style C4 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
346
+ style E4 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
347
+
348
+ style B4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
349
+ style D4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
350
+ style F4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
351
+ style G4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
352
+ style H4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
353
+ style I4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
354
+ style J4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
355
+ style K4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
356
+ style L4 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
357
+
358
+ style M4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
359
+ style N4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
360
+ style O4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
361
+ style P4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
362
+ style Q4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
363
+ style R4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
364
+ style S4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
365
+ style T4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
366
+ style U4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
367
+ style V4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
368
+ style W4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
369
+ style X4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
370
+ style Y4 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
371
+
372
+ style Z4 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
373
+ </div>
374
+ <div class="figure-caption">
375
+ <strong>Figure 4.</strong> Nanomaterials process showing nanoparticle synthesis, size effects, and nanomaterial optimization.
376
+ </div>
377
+ </div>
378
+
379
+ <div class="process-title">Process 5: Composite Materials</div>
380
+ <div class="figure">
381
+ <div class="mermaid">
382
+ graph TD
383
+ A5[Matrix Material] --> B5[Composite Materials Method]
384
+ C5[Reinforcement Material] --> D5[Interface Analysis]
385
+ E5[Processing Conditions] --> F5[Composite Formation]
386
+
387
+ B5 --> G5[Matrix Preparation]
388
+ D5 --> H5[Interface Characterization]
389
+ F5 --> I5[Processing Optimization]
390
+
391
+ G5 --> J5[Matrix Properties]
392
+ H5 --> K5[Interface Properties]
393
+ I5 --> L5[Processing Parameters]
394
+
395
+ J5 --> M5[Matrix Formation]
396
+ K5 --> L5
397
+ L5 --> N5[Reinforcement Integration]
398
+
399
+ M5 --> O5[Composite Assembly]
400
+ N5 --> P5[Interface Bonding]
401
+ O5 --> Q5[Composite Analysis]
402
+
403
+ P5 --> R5[Reinforcement Effects]
404
+ Q5 --> S5[Property Analysis]
405
+ R5 --> T5[Composite Properties]
406
+
407
+ S5 --> U5[Interface Parameters]
408
+ T5 --> V5[Property Enhancement]
409
+ U5 --> W5[Composite Efficiency]
410
+
411
+ V5 --> X5[Composite Characterization]
412
+ W5 --> Y5[Process Optimization]
413
+ X5 --> Z5[Final Composite Material]
414
+
415
+ Y5 --> Z5
416
+
417
+ style A5 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
418
+ style C5 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
419
+ style E5 fill:#ff6b6b,color:#fff
420
+
421
+ style B5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
422
+ style D5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
423
+ style F5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
424
+ style G5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
425
+ style H5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
426
+ style I5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
427
+ style J5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
428
+ style K5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
429
+ style L5 fill:#ffd43b,color:#000
430
+
431
+ style M5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
432
+ style N5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
433
+ style O5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
434
+ style P5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
435
+ style Q5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
436
+ style R5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
437
+ style S5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
438
+ style T5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
439
+ style U5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
440
+ style V5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
441
+ style W5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
442
+ style X5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
443
+ style Y5 fill:#51cf66,color:#fff
444
+
445
+ style Z5 fill:#b197fc,color:#fff
446
+ </div>
447
+ <div class="figure-caption">
448
+ <strong>Figure 5.</strong> Composite materials process showing reinforcement integration, interface bonding, and composite optimization.
449
+ </div>
450
+ </div>
451
+
452
+ <div class="navigation">
453
+ <a href="index.html">← Back to Programming Framework</a>
454
+ <a href="chemistry_index.html">← Back to Chemistry Index</a>
455
+ </div>
456
+
457
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;"><strong>Gary Welz</strong></p>
458
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">Retired Faculty Member</p>
459
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">John Jay College, CUNY (Department of Mathematics and Computer Science)</p>
460
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">Borough of Manhattan Community College, CUNY</p>
461
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">CUNY Graduate Center (New Media Lab)</p>
462
+ <p style="margin-bottom: 0.5rem;">Email: gwelz@jjay.cuny.edu</p>
463
+ </div>
464
+
465
+ <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mermaid/dist/mermaid.min.js"></script>
466
+ <script>
467
+ mermaid.initialize({ startOnLoad: true });
468
+ </script>
469
+ </body>
470
+ </html>
chemistry_index.html CHANGED
@@ -299,6 +299,83 @@
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  </a>
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  </div>
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  </div>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
302
  </section>
303
 
304
  <div class="navigation">
 
299
  </a>
300
  </div>
301
  </div>
302
+
303
+ <div class="batch-category">
304
+ <h3>⚡ Electrochemical Processes</h3>
305
+ <div class="batch-links">
306
+ <a href="chemistry_batch_08.html" class="batch-link">
307
+ <span class="batch-number">Batch 08</span>
308
+ <span class="batch-title">Cell Design, Batteries, Corrosion, Electroplating, Electrolysis</span>
309
+ <span class="batch-count">5 processes</span>
310
+ </a>
311
+ </div>
312
+ </div>
313
+
314
+ <div class="batch-category">
315
+ <h3>🔬 Surface Chemistry & Catalysis</h3>
316
+ <div class="batch-links">
317
+ <a href="chemistry_batch_09.html" class="batch-link">
318
+ <span class="batch-number">Batch 09</span>
319
+ <span class="batch-title">Heterogeneous Catalysis, Photocatalysis, Enzymes, Zeolites, Supported Catalysts</span>
320
+ <span class="batch-count">5 processes</span>
321
+ </a>
322
+ </div>
323
+ </div>
324
+
325
+ <div class="batch-category">
326
+ <h3>🌡️ Thermodynamic Processes</h3>
327
+ <div class="batch-links">
328
+ <a href="chemistry_batch_10.html" class="batch-link">
329
+ <span class="batch-number">Batch 10</span>
330
+ <span class="batch-title">Phase Transitions, Solution Thermodynamics, Chemical Equilibrium, Thermochemistry, Entropy</span>
331
+ <span class="batch-count">5 processes</span>
332
+ </a>
333
+ </div>
334
+ </div>
335
+
336
+ <div class="batch-category">
337
+ <h3>⚡ Kinetic Processes</h3>
338
+ <div class="batch-links">
339
+ <a href="chemistry_batch_11.html" class="batch-link">
340
+ <span class="batch-number">Batch 11</span>
341
+ <span class="batch-title">Reaction Mechanisms, Temperature Effects, Concentration Effects, Catalyst Effects, Pressure Effects</span>
342
+ <span class="batch-count">5 processes</span>
343
+ </a>
344
+ </div>
345
+ </div>
346
+
347
+ <div class="batch-category">
348
+ <h3>🔬 Spectroscopy & Analysis</h3>
349
+ <div class="batch-links">
350
+ <a href="chemistry_batch_12.html" class="batch-link">
351
+ <span class="batch-number">Batch 12</span>
352
+ <span class="batch-title">UV-Vis, IR, NMR, Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography</span>
353
+ <span class="batch-count">5 processes</span>
354
+ </a>
355
+ </div>
356
+ </div>
357
+
358
+ <div class="batch-category">
359
+ <h3>⚛️ Quantum Chemistry</h3>
360
+ <div class="batch-links">
361
+ <a href="chemistry_batch_13.html" class="batch-link">
362
+ <span class="batch-number">Batch 13</span>
363
+ <span class="batch-title">Molecular Orbitals, Electronic Transitions, Computational Methods, Reaction Pathways, Spectroscopic Calculations</span>
364
+ <span class="batch-count">5 processes</span>
365
+ </a>
366
+ </div>
367
+ </div>
368
+
369
+ <div class="batch-category">
370
+ <h3>🔬 Materials Chemistry</h3>
371
+ <div class="batch-links">
372
+ <a href="chemistry_batch_14.html" class="batch-link">
373
+ <span class="batch-number">Batch 14</span>
374
+ <span class="batch-title">Crystal Structure, Polymorphism, Defects & Doping, Nanomaterials, Composite Materials</span>
375
+ <span class="batch-count">5 processes</span>
376
+ </a>
377
+ </div>
378
+ </div>
379
  </section>
380
 
381
  <div class="navigation">
index.html CHANGED
@@ -316,11 +316,11 @@
316
  <p>Number Theory, Analysis & Calculus, Abstract Algebra, Geometry & Topology, Applied Mathematics, Discrete Mathematics, Historical & Educational</p>
317
  </div>
318
 
319
- <div class="status-card in-progress">
320
  <h3>⚗️ Chemistry</h3>
321
- <p><strong>Status:</strong> In Progress 🔄</p>
322
- <p><strong>Batches:</strong> 2/7 (6 processes)</p>
323
- <p>Organic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Biochemistry, Materials Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry</p>
324
  </div>
325
 
326
  <div class="status-card in-progress">
 
316
  <p>Number Theory, Analysis & Calculus, Abstract Algebra, Geometry & Topology, Applied Mathematics, Discrete Mathematics, Historical & Educational</p>
317
  </div>
318
 
319
+ <div class="status-card completed">
320
  <h3>⚗️ Chemistry</h3>
321
+ <p><strong>Status:</strong> Completed ✅</p>
322
+ <p><strong>Batches:</strong> 14/14 (70 processes)</p>
323
+ <p>Organic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Biochemistry, Materials Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Electrochemical Processes, Surface Chemistry & Catalysis, Thermodynamic Processes, Kinetic Processes, Spectroscopy & Analysis, Quantum Chemistry, Materials Chemistry</p>
324
  </div>
325
 
326
  <div class="status-card in-progress">