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| <section id="electrochemistry"> |
| <h1>Electrochemistry<a class="headerlink" href="#electrochemistry" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1> |
| <section id="galvanic-voltaic-cells"> |
| <h2>Galvanic (Voltaic) Cells<a class="headerlink" href="#galvanic-voltaic-cells" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> |
| <dl class="py class"> |
| <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="chemlib.electrochemistry.Galvanic_Cell"> |
| <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span> </em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">chemlib.electrochemistry.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Galvanic_Cell</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">self</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">electrode1</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span> <span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">electrode2</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span> <span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#chemlib.electrochemistry.Galvanic_Cell" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt> |
| <dd><dl class="field-list simple"> |
| <dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt> |
| <dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p><strong>(</strong><strong>str</strong><strong>)</strong> (<em>electrode2</em>) – The elemental composition of one of the electrodes of the galvanic cell.</p></li> |
| <li><p><strong>(</strong><strong>str</strong><strong>)</strong> – The elemental composition of the other electrode of the galvanic cell.</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="field-even">Raises</dt> |
| <dd class="field-even"><p><strong>NotImplementedError</strong> – If either of the electrodes is invalid or its reduction potential is unknown.</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </dd></dl> |
|
|
| <p>Make a Galvanic Cell with Lead and Zinc electrodes:</p> |
| <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">chemlib</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Galvanic_Cell</span> |
| <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">g</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Galvanic_Cell</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Pb"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"Zn"</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="go">>>></span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <blockquote> |
| <div><dl class="py data"> |
| <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="chemlib.electrochemistry.Galvanic_Cell.properties"> |
| <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">chemlib.electrochemistry.Galvanic_Cell.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">properties</span></span><em class="property"><span class="pre">:</span> <span class="pre">dict</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#chemlib.electrochemistry.Galvanic_Cell.properties" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt> |
| <dd></dd></dl> |
|
|
| </div></blockquote> |
| <p>A dictionary of the cell’s properties:</p> |
| <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">g</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">properties</span> |
| <span class="go">{'Cell': 'Zn | Zn2+ || Pb2+ | Pb', 'Anode': 'Zn', 'Cathode': 'Pb', 'Cell Potential': 0.63}</span> |
| <span class="go">>>></span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <blockquote> |
| <div><dl class="py data"> |
| <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="chemlib.electrochemistry.Galvanic_Cell.cell_potential"> |
| <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">chemlib.electrochemistry.Galvanic_Cell.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">cell_potential</span></span><em class="property"><span class="pre">:</span> <span class="pre">float</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#chemlib.electrochemistry.Galvanic_Cell.cell_potential" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt> |
| <dd></dd></dl> |
|
|
| </div></blockquote> |
| <p>Access the cell potential of the galvanic cell:</p> |
| <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">g</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cell_potential</span> |
| <span class="go">0.63</span> |
| <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">g</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">E0</span> |
| <span class="go">0.63</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <blockquote> |
| <div><dl class="py data"> |
| <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="chemlib.electrochemistry.Galvanic_Cell.diagram"> |
| <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">chemlib.electrochemistry.Galvanic_Cell.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">diagram</span></span><em class="property"><span class="pre">:</span> <span class="pre">PIL.Image</span></em><a class="headerlink" href="#chemlib.electrochemistry.Galvanic_Cell.diagram" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt> |
| <dd></dd></dl> |
|
|
| </div></blockquote> |
| <p>The diagram of the galvanic cell is a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIL.Image</span></code> object. |
| To generate diagram:</p> |
| <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">g</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">draw</span><span class="p">()</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <img alt="GCell" src="_images/GCell.jpg" /> |
| <p>To save (as png file):</p> |
| <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">g</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">diagram</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">save</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"filename.png"</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="go">>>></span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </section> |
| <section id="electrolysis"> |
| <h2>Electrolysis<a class="headerlink" href="#electrolysis" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2> |
| <dl class="py function"> |
| <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="chemlib.electrochemistry.electrolysis"> |
| <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">chemlib.electrochemistry.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">electrolysis</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">element</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span> <span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span><span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span> <span class="n"><span class="pre">int</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">**</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">kwargs</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">→</span> <span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">dict:</span></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#chemlib.electrochemistry.electrolysis" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt> |
| <dd><dl class="field-list simple"> |
| <dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt> |
| <dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p><strong>(</strong><strong>str</strong><strong>)</strong> (<em>element</em>) – The symbol of a chemical element.</p></li> |
| <li><p><strong>(</strong><strong>int</strong><strong>)</strong> (<em>n</em>) – The moles of electrons transferred.</p></li> |
| <li><p><strong>kwargs</strong> – Provide two of the values from amps, seconds, and grams.</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| </dd> |
| <dt class="field-even">Raises</dt> |
| <dd class="field-even"><p><strong>TypeError</strong> – If not only 2 of the parameters in kwargs are specified.</p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| </dd></dl> |
|
|
| <p><cite>Example:</cite> |
| Copper metal is purified by electrolysis. How much copper metal (in grams) could be produced from copper (ii) oxide by applying a current of 10.0 amps at the appropriate negative potential for 12.0 hours?</p> |
| <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">chemlib</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">electrolysis</span> |
| <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">electrolysis</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Cu'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">amps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">seconds</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="go">{'element': 'Cu', 'n': 2, 'seconds': 43200, 'amps': 10, 'grams': 142.25979167746283}</span> |
| <span class="go">>>></span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p><cite>Example:</cite> |
| How long would it take to electroplate a flute with 28.3 g of silver at a constant current of 2.0 amps using AgNO3?</p> |
| <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">chemlib</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">electrolysis</span> |
| <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">electrolysis</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Ag"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">amps</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">grams</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">28.3</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="go">{'element': 'Ag', 'n': 2, 'seconds': 25313.582341380206, 'amps': 2, 'grams': 28.3}</span> |
| <span class="go">>>></span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p><cite>Example:</cite> |
| How much current was used to produce 805 grams of Aluminum metal from Al2O3 in 24 hours?</p> |
| <div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">chemlib</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">electrolysis</span> |
| <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">electrolysis</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Al"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">grams</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">805</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">seconds</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">24</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="go">{'element': 'Al', 'n': 3, 'seconds': 86400, 'amps': 99.95144010616133, 'grams': 805}</span> |
| <span class="go">>>></span> |
| </pre></div> |
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