Upload scraper.py
Browse files- scraper.py +218 -0
scraper.py
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| 1 |
+
"""
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| 2 |
+
Скрапер для сайта ФИПИ (fipi.ru)
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| 3 |
+
Извлекает задания по русскому языку для ЕГЭ (задание 27)
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| 4 |
+
"""
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| 5 |
+
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| 6 |
+
import httpx
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| 7 |
+
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
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| 8 |
+
from typing import List, Dict, Optional
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| 9 |
+
from datetime import datetime
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| 10 |
+
import re
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| 11 |
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import logging
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| 12 |
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| 13 |
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logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
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| 14 |
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logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
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| 15 |
+
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| 16 |
+
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| 17 |
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class FIPIScraper:
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| 18 |
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"""Парсер для сайта ФИПИ"""
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| 19 |
+
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| 20 |
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def __init__(self, base_url: str = "https://fipi.ru"):
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| 21 |
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self.base_url = base_url
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| 22 |
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self.headers = {
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| 23 |
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"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36",
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| 24 |
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"Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8",
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| 25 |
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"Accept-Language": "ru-RU,ru;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.7",
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| 26 |
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}
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| 27 |
+
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| 28 |
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async def fetch_page(self, url: str) -> Optional[str]:
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| 29 |
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"""Получение HTML страницы"""
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| 30 |
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# Создаем клиент с отключенной проверкой SSL (для fipi.ru поддоменов)
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| 31 |
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import ssl
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| 32 |
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ssl_context = ssl.create_default_context()
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| 33 |
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ssl_context.check_hostname = False
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| 34 |
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ssl_context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE
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| 35 |
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| 36 |
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async with httpx.AsyncClient(
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| 37 |
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headers=self.headers,
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| 38 |
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timeout=30.0,
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| 39 |
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verify=ssl_context
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| 40 |
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) as client:
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| 41 |
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try:
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| 42 |
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response = await client.get(url)
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| 43 |
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response.raise_for_status()
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| 44 |
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return response.text
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| 45 |
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except httpx.HTTPError as e:
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| 46 |
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logger.error(f"Ошибка при получении {url}: {e}")
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| 47 |
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return None
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| 48 |
+
|
| 49 |
+
def parse_task_page(self, html: str, url: str) -> Optional[Dict]:
|
| 50 |
+
"""Парсинг страницы с заданием"""
|
| 51 |
+
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
|
| 52 |
+
|
| 53 |
+
# Извлечение заголовка - приоритет h1 в .content
|
| 54 |
+
title_tag = soup.select_one('.content h1') or soup.find('h1')
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| 55 |
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title = title_tag.get_text(strip=True) if title_tag else "Без названия"
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| 56 |
+
|
| 57 |
+
# Если заголовок пустой, пробуем извлечь из title документа
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| 58 |
+
if not title or title == "Без названия":
|
| 59 |
+
title_doc = soup.find('title')
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| 60 |
+
if title_doc:
|
| 61 |
+
title = title_doc.get_text(strip=True)
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| 62 |
+
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| 63 |
+
# Извлечение основного контента - приоритет .content
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| 64 |
+
content_div = soup.select_one('.content') or soup.find('div', class_='field--name-body')
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| 65 |
+
if not content_div:
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| 66 |
+
content_div = soup.find('main') or soup.find('body')
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| 67 |
+
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| 68 |
+
# Очистка текста - удаляем скрипты и стили
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| 69 |
+
for element in content_div.find_all(['script', 'style', 'nav', 'header', 'footer']):
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| 70 |
+
element.decompose()
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| 71 |
+
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| 72 |
+
content = content_div.get_text(separator='\n', strip=True) if content_div else ""
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| 73 |
+
|
| 74 |
+
# Извлечение изображения (если есть)
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| 75 |
+
images = []
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| 76 |
+
for img in content_div.find_all('img'):
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| 77 |
+
src = img.get('src') or img.get('data-src')
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| 78 |
+
if src:
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| 79 |
+
if not src.startswith('http'):
|
| 80 |
+
src = self.base_url + src
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| 81 |
+
images.append(src)
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| 82 |
+
|
| 83 |
+
# Извлечение ссылок на задания
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| 84 |
+
task_links = []
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| 85 |
+
for link in content_div.find_all('a', href=True):
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| 86 |
+
href = link['href']
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| 87 |
+
link_text = link.get_text(strip=True)
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| 88 |
+
if any(pattern in href for pattern in ['/ege/', '/oge/', '/task/', '/demo/', '/bank/']):
|
| 89 |
+
if not href.startswith('http'):
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| 90 |
+
href = self.base_url + href
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| 91 |
+
task_links.append({"text": link_text, "url": href})
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| 92 |
+
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| 93 |
+
# Определение типа задания
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| 94 |
+
task_type = self._detect_task_type(title, content)
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| 95 |
+
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| 96 |
+
# Извлечение вариантов (если есть)
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| 97 |
+
variants = self._extract_variants(content)
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| 98 |
+
|
| 99 |
+
return {
|
| 100 |
+
"title": title,
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| 101 |
+
"content": content,
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| 102 |
+
"source_url": url,
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| 103 |
+
"task_type": task_type,
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| 104 |
+
"images": images,
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| 105 |
+
"variants": variants,
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| 106 |
+
"task_links": task_links,
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| 107 |
+
"scraped_at": datetime.utcnow().isoformat(),
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| 108 |
+
}
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| 109 |
+
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| 110 |
+
def _detect_task_type(self, title: str, content: str) -> str:
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| 111 |
+
"""Определение типа задания"""
|
| 112 |
+
text = (title + " " + content).lower()
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| 113 |
+
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| 114 |
+
if any(word in text for word in ["сочинение", "эссе", "напишит"]):
|
| 115 |
+
return "writing"
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| 116 |
+
elif any(word in text for word in ["тест", "выбер", "вариант"]):
|
| 117 |
+
return "test"
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| 118 |
+
elif any(word in text for word in ["ауди", "слуш"]):
|
| 119 |
+
return "listening"
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| 120 |
+
elif any(word in text for word in ["чит", "текст"]):
|
| 121 |
+
return "reading"
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| 122 |
+
else:
|
| 123 |
+
return "other"
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| 124 |
+
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| 125 |
+
def _extract_variants(self, content: str) -> List[str]:
|
| 126 |
+
"""Извлечение вариантов ответов"""
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| 127 |
+
variants = []
|
| 128 |
+
|
| 129 |
+
# Паттерн для вариантов типа "1) ... 2) ..."
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| 130 |
+
pattern = r'(\d+)[\.\)]\s*([^\n\d]+)'
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| 131 |
+
matches = re.findall(pattern, content)
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| 132 |
+
|
| 133 |
+
for _, variant in matches:
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| 134 |
+
variants.append(variant.strip())
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| 135 |
+
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| 136 |
+
return variants[:10] # Ограничение на 10 вариантов
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| 137 |
+
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| 138 |
+
async def scrape_tasks(self, subject: str = "russian") -> List[Dict]:
|
| 139 |
+
"""
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| 140 |
+
Скрапинг заданий по предмету
|
| 141 |
+
|
| 142 |
+
Args:
|
| 143 |
+
subject: Код предмета (по умолчанию russian)
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| 144 |
+
|
| 145 |
+
Returns:
|
| 146 |
+
Список заданий
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| 147 |
+
"""
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| 148 |
+
tasks = []
|
| 149 |
+
|
| 150 |
+
# Актуальные URLs для скрапинга (fipi.ru) - только работающие
|
| 151 |
+
urls_to_scrape = [
|
| 152 |
+
f"{self.base_url}/ege/otkrytyy-bank-zadaniy-ege",
|
| 153 |
+
f"{self.base_url}/oge/otkrytyy-bank-zadaniy-oge",
|
| 154 |
+
]
|
| 155 |
+
|
| 156 |
+
for url in urls_to_scrape:
|
| 157 |
+
logger.info(f"Скрапинг {url}")
|
| 158 |
+
html = await self.fetch_page(url)
|
| 159 |
+
|
| 160 |
+
if html:
|
| 161 |
+
task = self.parse_task_page(html, url)
|
| 162 |
+
if task:
|
| 163 |
+
tasks.append(task)
|
| 164 |
+
|
| 165 |
+
# Если есть ссылки на задания, скачиваем их
|
| 166 |
+
for link_info in task.get('task_links', [])[:5]: # Ограничиваем количество
|
| 167 |
+
link_url = link_info.get('url')
|
| 168 |
+
if link_url:
|
| 169 |
+
logger.info(f" -> Скачиваем задание: {link_url}")
|
| 170 |
+
link_html = await self.fetch_page(link_url)
|
| 171 |
+
if link_html:
|
| 172 |
+
subtask = self.parse_task_page(link_html, link_url)
|
| 173 |
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if subtask:
|
| 174 |
+
tasks.append(subtask)
|
| 175 |
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|
| 176 |
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logger.info(f"Найдено {len(tasks)} заданий")
|
| 177 |
+
return tasks
|
| 178 |
+
|
| 179 |
+
async def scrape_task_by_id(self, task_id: str) -> Optional[Dict]:
|
| 180 |
+
"""Скрапинг конкретного задания по ID"""
|
| 181 |
+
url = f"{self.base_url}/task/{task_id}"
|
| 182 |
+
logger.info(f"Скрапинг задания {task_id}")
|
| 183 |
+
|
| 184 |
+
html = await self.fetch_page(url)
|
| 185 |
+
if html:
|
| 186 |
+
return self.parse_task_page(html, url)
|
| 187 |
+
|
| 188 |
+
return None
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| 189 |
+
|
| 190 |
+
async def search_tasks(self, query: str) -> List[Dict]:
|
| 191 |
+
"""Поиск заданий по ключевому слову"""
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| 192 |
+
tasks = []
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| 193 |
+
# Используем правильный URL для поиска на fipi.ru
|
| 194 |
+
search_url = f"{self.base_url}/search?q={query}"
|
| 195 |
+
|
| 196 |
+
html = await self.fetch_page(search_url)
|
| 197 |
+
if not html:
|
| 198 |
+
# Пробуем альтернативный поиск через банк заданий
|
| 199 |
+
logger.info("Поиск не доступен, пробуем парсинг банка заданий")
|
| 200 |
+
return await self.scrape_tasks()
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| 201 |
+
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| 202 |
+
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
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| 203 |
+
|
| 204 |
+
# Поиск ссылок на задания с правильными паттернами
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| 205 |
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for link in soup.find_all('a', href=True):
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| 206 |
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href = link['href']
|
| 207 |
+
# Проверяем на наличие валидных URL заданий
|
| 208 |
+
if any(pattern in href for pattern in ['/ege/', '/oge/', '/task/', '/demo/', '/bank/']):
|
| 209 |
+
if not href.startswith('http'):
|
| 210 |
+
href = self.base_url + href
|
| 211 |
+
|
| 212 |
+
task_html = await self.fetch_page(href)
|
| 213 |
+
if task_html:
|
| 214 |
+
task = self.parse_task_page(task_html, href)
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| 215 |
+
if task:
|
| 216 |
+
tasks.append(task)
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| 217 |
+
|
| 218 |
+
return tasks
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