Upload test6.txt
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test6.txt
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| 1 |
+
pleasures of physical media -- is the right one. While the makers of Blu-ray discs claim they have a shelf life
|
| 2 |
+
of 100 years, such statistics remain largely theoretical until they come to pass, and are dependent on storage
|
| 3 |
+
conditions, not to mention the continued availability of playback equipment. The humble DVD has already
|
| 4 |
+
proved far less resilient, with many early releases already beginning to deteriorate in quality Digital movie
|
| 5 |
+
purchases provide even less security. Any film "bought" on iTunes could disappear if you move to another
|
| 6 |
+
territory with a different rights agreement and try to redownload it. It's a bold new frontier in the
|
| 7 |
+
commodification of art: the birth of the product recall. After a man took to Twitter to bemoan losing access to
|
| 8 |
+
Cars 2 after moving from Canada to Australia, Apple clarified that users who downloaded films to their
|
| 9 |
+
devices would retain permanent access to those downloads, even if they relocated to a hemisphere where the
|
| 10 |
+
[content was] subject to a different set of rights agreements. Thanks to the company's ironclad digital rights
|
| 11 |
+
management technology, however, such files cannot be moved or backed up, locking you into watching with
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| 12 |
+
your Apple account.
|
| 13 |
+
Anyone who does manage to acquire Digital Rights Management free (DRM-free) copies of their favourite
|
| 14 |
+
films must nonetheless grapple with ever-changing file format standards, not to mention data decay -- the
|
| 15 |
+
gradual process by which electronic information slowly but surely corrupts. Only the regular migration of files
|
| 16 |
+
from hard drive to hard drive can delay the inevitable, in a sisyphean battle against the ravages of digital time.
|
| 17 |
+
In a sense, none of this is new. Charlie Chaplin burned the negative of his 1926 film A Woman of the Sea as a
|
| 18 |
+
tax write-off. Many more films have been lost through accident, negligence or plain indifference. During a
|
| 19 |
+
heat wave in July 1937, a Fox film vault in New Jersey burned down, destroying a majority of the silent films
|
| 20 |
+
produced by the studio.
|
| 21 |
+
Back then, at least, cinema was defined by its ephemerality: the sense that a film was as good as gone once it
|
| 22 |
+
left your local cinema. Today, with film studios keen to stress the breadth of their back catalogues (or to put in
|
| 23 |
+
Hollywood terms, the value of their IPs), audiences may start to wonder why those same studios seem happy
|
| 24 |
+
to set the vault alight themselves if it'll help next quarter's numbers.
|
| 25 |
+
|
| 26 |
+
1.
|
| 27 |
+
"Netflix had begun editing old episodes of Stranger Things to retroactively improve their visual effects." What
|
| 28 |
+
is the purpose of this example used in the passage?
|
| 29 |
+
|
| 30 |
+
A. To show that art in the digital age, specifically film, is no longer sacrosanct, and may be changed to suit
|
| 31 |
+
changing tastes or technology.
|
| 32 |
+
|
| 33 |
+
B. To show that streaming services are controlling access to the cultural commons rather than expanding it.
|
| 34 |
+
|
| 35 |
+
C. To show how unsubstantiated reports are leading to an increase in the level of distrust towards streaming
|
| 36 |
+
services.
|
| 37 |
+
|
| 38 |
+
D. To show a practice that justifies the fears of people who feel streaming services cannot be trusted to be
|
| 39 |
+
custodians of cultural artefacts like film.
|
| 40 |
+
in perpetuity, without the need to keep migrating the files.
|
| 41 |
+
|
| 42 |
+
B. When moving to a different geographical location, customers can easily use Virtual Private
|
| 43 |
+
Networks (VPNs) to bypass geo-blocking and regain access to their content on any streaming service.
|
| 44 |
+
|
| 45 |
+
being primarily immutable and easily available to the public.
|
| 46 |
+
|
| 47 |
+
B. Accepting retroactive changes to works of art is dangerous because it will encourage creators to not put
|
| 48 |
+
enough effort into the original attempt, given that they can always edit or update their work later.
|
| 49 |
+
|
| 50 |
+
C. Works of art belong to the cultural commons and hence must remain available in perpetuity,
|
| 51 |
+
irrespective of who pays for access to them.
|
| 52 |
+
|
| 53 |
+
D. As art is increasingly created, stored and distributed digitally, access to it is counter intuitively likely to be
|
| 54 |
+
|
| 55 |
+
|
| 56 |
+
|
| 57 |
+
made more difficult by the rapid churn in technology and the whims of host platforms.
|
| 58 |
+
|
| 59 |
+
4.
|
| 60 |
+
Which of the following statements is suggested by the sentence "Back then, at least, cinema was defined by its
|
| 61 |
+
ephemerality: the sense that a film was as good as gone once it left your local cinema"?
|
| 62 |
+
|
| 63 |
+
A. Today, films are expected to be available for a long time, since they are no longer tied solely to their stay at
|
| 64 |
+
the local cinema.
|
| 65 |
+
|
| 66 |
+
B. Cinema is now no longer as ephemeral as it used to be earlier, because the technology used for creating and
|
| 67 |
+
preserving films has improved manifold.
|
| 68 |
+
|
| 69 |
+
C. Presently, there is no reason why film studios should remove access to films once they have left the local
|
| 70 |
+
cinema.
|
| 71 |
+
|
| 72 |
+
D. Around a century ago, people were more accepting of not having access to films once they left the local
|
| 73 |
+
cinema.
|
| 74 |
+
DIRECTIONS for the question: There is a sentence that is missing in the paragraph below. Look at the
|
| 75 |
+
paragraph and decide where (option 1, 2, 3, or 4) the following sentence would best fit.
|
| 76 |
+
|
| 77 |
+
age of music as British literature was with Shakespeare and Queen Elizabeth __(2)__. The rebirth in both
|
| 78 |
+
literature and music originated in Italy and migrated to England; the
|
| 79 |
+
English madrigal became more humorous and lighter in England as compared to Italy. Renaissance music was
|
| 80 |
+
mostly polyphonic in texture. ___(3)___. Extreme use of and contrasts in dynamics,
|
| 81 |
+
rhythm, and tone colour do not occur. __(4)__. The rhythms in Renaissance music tend to have a smooth, soft
|
| 82 |
+
flow instead of a sharp, well-defined pulse of accents.
|
| 83 |
+
|
| 84 |
+
A. Option 3
|
| 85 |
+
|
| 86 |
+
B. Option 4
|
| 87 |
+
|
| 88 |
+
C. Option 1
|
| 89 |
+
|
| 90 |
+
D. Option 2 somewhere on our planet. In the past, cartographers did not worry too much about who was going
|
| 91 |
+
to read their maps. Although some simple "usability" research was done--like comparing whether circle or bar
|
| 92 |
+
symbols worked best--cartographers knew how to make maps. This has changed now,
|
| 93 |
+
however, due to all kinds of societal and technological developments. Today, map readers are more
|
| 94 |
+
demanding--mostly because of the tools they use to read maps. Cartographers, who are also influenced by
|
| 95 |
+
these trends, are now more interested in seeing if their products are efficient, effective,
|
| 96 |
+
and appreciated.
|
| 97 |
+
|
| 98 |
+
A. Maps are being used for a variety of reasons and therefore map readers have become more demanding.
|
| 99 |
+
|
| 100 |
+
B. Today, cartographers also need to look into the usability of maps because of the new technological
|
| 101 |
+
developments.
|
| 102 |
+
|
| 103 |
+
C. New technological developments have prompted cartographers to experiment with their maps by applying
|
| 104 |
+
these new innovations.
|
| 105 |
+
|
| 106 |
+
D. Modern mapmakers evaluate a map's effectiveness efficiency and satisfaction of the user through a series
|
| 107 |
+
of experiments.
|
| 108 |
+
|
| 109 |
+
DIRECTIONS for questions 7 to 10: The passage below is accompanied by four questions. Based on the
|
| 110 |
+
|
| 111 |
+
|
| 112 |
+
|
| 113 |
+
passage, choose the best answer for each question.
|
| 114 |
+
... [T]he idea of craftsmanship is not simply nostalgic. .. . Crafts require distinct skills, an all-round approach
|
| 115 |
+
to work that involves the whole product, rather than individual parts, and an attitude that necessitates devotion
|
| 116 |
+
to the job and a focus on the communal interest. The concept of craft emphasises the human touch and
|
| 117 |
+
individual judgment.
|
| 118 |
+
Essentially, the crafts concept seems to run against the preponderant ethos of management studies which, as
|
| 119 |
+
the academics note, have long prioritised efficiency and consistency. . . . Craft skills were portrayed as being
|
| 120 |
+
primitive and traditionalist.
|
| 121 |
+
The contrast between artisanship and efficiency first came to the fore in the 19 century when British
|
| 122 |
+
|
| 123 |
+
For workers, the appeal of craftsmanship is that it allows them the autonomy to make creative choices, and
|
| 124 |
+
thus makes a job far more satisfying. In that sense, it could offer hope for the overall labour market. Let the
|
| 125 |
+
machines automate dull and repetitive tasks and let workers focus purely on their skills, judgment and
|
| 126 |
+
imagination. As a current example, the academics cite the "agile" manifesto in the software sector, an industry
|
| 127 |
+
at the heart of technological change. The pioneers behind the original agile manifesto promised to prioritise
|
| 128 |
+
"individuals and interactions over processes and tools". By bringing together experts from different teams,
|
| 129 |
+
agile working is designed to improve creativity.
|
| 130 |
+
But the broader question is whether crafts can create a lot more jobs than they do today. Demand for crafted
|
| 131 |
+
products may rise but will it be easy to retrain workers in sectors that might get automated (such as truck
|
| 132 |
+
drivers) to take advantage? In a world where products and services often have to pass through regulatory
|
| 133 |
+
hoops, large companies will usually have the advantage.
|
| 134 |
+
they don't get too organised.
|
| 135 |
+
|
| 136 |
+
7.
|
| 137 |
+
The author questions the ability of crafts to create substantial employment opportunities presently because
|
| 138 |
+
|
| 139 |
+
A. crafts guilds tend to resist new entrants and are unlikely to accept large numbers of trainees.
|
| 140 |
+
|
| 141 |
+
B. regulatory requirements could make it difficult for small crafts outfits to compete.
|
| 142 |
+
|
| 143 |
+
C. workers made redundant by automation are unlikely to opt for crafts-related work.
|
| 144 |
+
|
| 145 |
+
D. the low scale of crafts production will not be able to absorb the mass of redundant labour.
|
| 146 |
+
|
| 147 |
+
8.
|
| 148 |
+
We can infer from the passage that medieval crafts guilds resembled mass production in that both
|
| 149 |
+
|
| 150 |
+
A. focused excessively on product quality.
|
| 151 |
+
|
| 152 |
+
B. discouraged innovation by restricting entry through strict rules.
|
| 153 |
+
|
| 154 |
+
C. did not necessarily promote creativity.
|
| 155 |
+
|
| 156 |
+
D. did not always employ egalitarian production processes.
|
| 157 |
+
|
| 158 |
+
C. a greater interest in buying locally produced goods.
|
| 159 |
+
|
| 160 |
+
D. concerns about the environmental impact of mass production.
|
| 161 |
+
|
| 162 |
+
|
| 163 |
+
|
| 164 |
+
10.
|
| 165 |
+
Which one of the following statements is NOT inconsistent with the views stated in the passage?
|
| 166 |
+
|
| 167 |
+
A. Creativity in the crafts could be stifled if the market for artisan goods becomes too organised.
|
| 168 |
+
|
| 169 |
+
B. The Arts and Crafts movement was initially inspired by the "American system" of production.
|
| 170 |
+
|
| 171 |
+
C. We need to support the crafts; only then can we retain the creativity intrinsic to their production.
|
| 172 |
+
|
| 173 |
+
D. The agile movement in software is a throwback to the tenets of the medieval crafts guilds.
|
| 174 |
+
DIRECTIONS for the question: The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the
|
| 175 |
+
option that best captures the essence of the passage.
|
| 176 |
+
|
| 177 |
+
11.
|
| 178 |
+
Scientific research shows that many animals are very intelligent and have sensory and motor abilities that
|
| 179 |
+
dwarf ours. Dogs are able to detect diseases such as cancer and diabetes and warn humans of impending heart
|
| 180 |
+
attacks and strokes. Elephants, whales, hippopotamuses, giraffes, and alligators use low-frequency sounds to
|
| 181 |
+
communicate over long distances, often miles. Many animals also display wide-ranging emotions, including
|
| 182 |
+
joy, happiness, empathy, compassion, grief, and even resentment and embarrassment. It's not surprising that
|
| 183 |
+
animals share many emotions with us because we also share brain structures, located in the limbic system, that
|
| 184 |
+
are the seat of our emotions.
|
| 185 |
+
|
| 186 |
+
A. Animals are more intelligent than us in sensing danger and detecting diseases.
|
| 187 |
+
|
| 188 |
+
B. The advanced sensory and motor abilities of animals is the reason why they can display wide-
|
| 189 |
+
ranging emotions.
|
| 190 |
+
|
| 191 |
+
C. The similarity in brain structure explains why animals show emotions typically associated with humans.
|
| 192 |
+
|
| 193 |
+
D. Animals can show emotions which are typically associated with humans.
|
| 194 |
+
marsupials called bandicoots. "Their muzzle, which is much too long, gives them an air exceedingly stupid,"
|
| 195 |
+
one naturalist noted in
|
| 196 |
+
|
| 197 |
+
ecosystem, particularly the onslaught of imported British animals, from cattle and rabbits that damaged
|
| 198 |
+
delicate desert vegetation to ravenous house cats that soon developed a taste for bandicoots. Several of the
|
| 199 |
+
dozen-odd bandicoot species went extinct, and by the 1940s the western barred bandicoot, whose original
|
| 200 |
+
range stretched across much of the continent, persisted only on two predator-free islands in Shark Bay, off
|
| 201 |
+
Australia's western coast.
|
| 202 |
+
"Our isolated fauna had simply not been exposed to these predators," says Reece Pedler, an ecologist with the
|
| 203 |
+
Wild Deserts conservation program.
|
| 204 |
+
Now Wild Deserts is using descendants of those few thousand island survivors, called Shark Bay bandicoots,
|
| 205 |
+
in a new effort to seed a mainland bandicoot revival. They've imported 20 bandicoots to a preserve on the edge
|
| 206 |
+
of the Strzelecki Desert, in the remote interior of New South Wales. This sanctuary is a challenging place,
|
| 207 |
+
desolate much of the year, with one of the world's most mercurial rainfall patterns--relentless droughts
|
| 208 |
+
followed by sudden drenching floods.
|
| 209 |
+
The imported bandicoots occupy two fenced "exclosures," cleared of invasive rabbits (courtesy of Pedler's
|
| 210 |
+
sheepdog) and of feral cats (which slunk off once the rabbits disappeared). A third fenced area contains the
|
| 211 |
+
program's Wild Training Zone, where two other rare marsupials (bilbies, a larger type of bandicoot, and
|
| 212 |
+
mulgaras, a somewhat fearsome fuzzball known for sucking the brains out of prey) currently share terrain with
|
| 213 |
+
controlled numbers of cats, learning to evade them. It's unclear whether the Shark Bay bandicoots, which are
|
| 214 |
+
perhaps even more predator-naive than their now-extinct mainland bandicoot kin, will be able to make that
|
| 215 |
+
kind of breakthrough.
|
| 216 |
+
|
| 217 |
+
|
| 218 |
+
|
| 219 |
+
For now, though, a recent surge of rainfall has led to a bandicoot joey boom, raising the Wild Deserts
|
| 220 |
+
population to about 100, with other sanctuaries adding to that number. There are also signs of rebirth in the
|
| 221 |
+
landscape itself. With their constant digging, the bandicoots trap moisture and allow for seed germination so
|
| 222 |
+
the cattle-damaged desert can restore itself.
|
| 223 |
+
They have a new nickname--a flattering one, this time. "We call them ecosystem engineers," Pedler says.
|
| 224 |
+
|
| 225 |
+
12.
|
| 226 |
+
According to the text, the western barred bandicoots now have a flattering name because they have
|
| 227 |
+
|
| 228 |
+
A. led a revival in preserving the species.
|
| 229 |
+
|
| 230 |
+
B. led to a surge and increase of rainfall.
|
| 231 |
+
|
| 232 |
+
C. grown fivefold in terms of population.
|
| 233 |
+
|
| 234 |
+
D. aided in altering an arid environment.
|
| 235 |
+
|
| 236 |
+
13.
|
| 237 |
+
The text uses the word 'exclosures' because Wild Deserts has adopted a measure of
|
| 238 |
+
|
| 239 |
+
A. ridding the main desert of feral cats and large bilbies.
|
| 240 |
+
|
| 241 |
+
B. barring the entry of invasive species.
|
| 242 |
+
|
| 243 |
+
15.
|
| 244 |
+
Which one of the following statements provides a gist of this passage?
|
| 245 |
+
|
| 246 |
+
A. The negligent attitude of the British colonists towards these bandicoots evidenced by the names given to
|
| 247 |
+
them led to their annihilation.
|
| 248 |
+
|
| 249 |
+
B. A type of bandicoots was nearly wiped out by invasive species but rescuers now pin hopes on a remnant
|
| 250 |
+
island population.
|
| 251 |
+
|
| 252 |
+
C. Marsupials are going extinct due to the colonial era transformation of the ecosystem which also destroyed
|
| 253 |
+
natural vegetation.
|
| 254 |
+
|
| 255 |
+
D. The onslaught of animals, such as cattle, rabbits and housecats, brought in by the British led to the
|
| 256 |
+
extinction of the western barred bandicoot.
|
| 257 |
+
|
| 258 |
+
DIRECTIONS for questions 16 to 19: The passage below is accompanied by four questions. Based on the
|
| 259 |
+
passage, choose the best answer for each question.
|
| 260 |
+
Oftentimes, when economists cross borders, they are less interested in learning from others than in invading
|
| 261 |
+
their garden plots. Gary Becker, for instance, pioneered the idea of human capital. To do so, he famously
|
| 262 |
+
tackled topics like crime and domesticity, applying methods honed in the study of markets to domains of
|
| 263 |
+
nonmarket life. He projected economics outward into new realms: for example, by revealing the extent to
|
| 264 |
+
which humans calculate marginal utilities when choosing their spouses or stealing from neighbors. At the
|
| 265 |
+
same time, he did not let other ways of thinking enter his own economic realm: for example, he did not borrow
|
| 266 |
+
from anthropology or history or let observations of nonmarket economics inform his homo economic us.
|
| 267 |
+
Becker was a picture of the imperial economist in the heyday of the discipline's bravura.
|
| 268 |
+
Times have changed for the once almighty discipline. Economics has been taken to task, within and beyond its
|
| 269 |
+
ramparts. Some economists have reached out, imported, borrowed, and collaborated--been less imperial,
|
| 270 |
+
more open. Consider Thomas Piketty and his outreach to historians. The booming field of behavioral
|
| 271 |
+
|
| 272 |
+
|
| 273 |
+
|
| 274 |
+
economics--the fusion of economics and social psychology--is another case. Having spawned active subfields,
|
| 275 |
+
like judgment, decision-making and a turn to experimentation, the field aims to go beyond the caricature of
|
| 276 |
+
Rational Man to explain how humans make decisions....
|
| 277 |
+
It is important to underscore how this flips the way we think about economics. For generations, economists
|
| 278 |
+
have presumed that people have interests--'preferences," in the neoclassical argot--that get revealed in the
|
| 279 |
+
course of peoples' choices. Interests come before actions and determine them. If you are hungry, you buy
|
| 280 |
+
lunch; if you are cold, you get a sweater. If you only have so much money and can't afford to deal with both
|
| 281 |
+
your growling stomach and your shivering, which need you choose to meet using your scarce savings reveals
|
| 282 |
+
your preference.
|
| 283 |
+
Psychologists take one look at this simple formulation and shake their heads. Increasingly, even some
|
| 284 |
+
mainstream economists have to admit that homo economic us doesn't always behave like the textbook
|
| 285 |
+
maximizer; irrational behavior can't simply be waved away as extra-economic expressions of passions over
|
| 286 |
+
interests, and thus the domain of other disciplines... .This is one place where the humanist can help the
|
| 287 |
+
economist. If narrative economics is going to help us understand how rivals duke it out, who wins and who
|
| 288 |
+
loses, we are going to need much more than lessons from epidemiological studies of viruses or intracranial
|
| 289 |
+
|
| 290 |
+
A. had begun to borrow concepts from other disciplines but were averse to the latter applying economic
|
| 291 |
+
principles.
|
| 292 |
+
|
| 293 |
+
B. benefitted from the application of their principles and concepts to non-economic phenomena.
|
| 294 |
+
|
| 295 |
+
C. used economics to analyse non-market behaviour, without incorporating perspectives from other areas of
|
| 296 |
+
inquiry.
|
| 297 |
+
|
| 298 |
+
D. tended to guard their discipline from poaching by academics from other subject areas.
|
| 299 |
+
|
| 300 |
+
decisions.
|
| 301 |
+
|
| 302 |
+
C. judgemental about the ability of economic tools to accurately manage crises leading to the downfall of this
|
| 303 |
+
lofty science.
|
| 304 |
+
|
| 305 |
+
D. disparaging of economists' inability to precisely predict market behaviour, and are now borrowing from
|
| 306 |
+
other disciplines to remedy this.
|
| 307 |
+
|
| 308 |
+
|
| 309 |
+
|
| 310 |
+
18.
|
| 311 |
+
The author critiques Schiller's approach to behavioural economics for
|
| 312 |
+
|
| 313 |
+
A. denigrating the role of institutions while creating a link between behavioural economics and perceptions.
|
| 314 |
+
|
| 315 |
+
B. linking emotions and rational behaviour without considering the mediation of social institutions.
|
| 316 |
+
|
| 317 |
+
C. ignoring the marginal role that media and politics play in influencing people's behaviour.
|
| 318 |
+
|
| 319 |
+
D. relying excessively on storytelling as the main influence on the formation of perceptions.
|
| 320 |
+
|
| 321 |
+
19.
|
| 322 |
+
We can infer from the passage that the term "homo economic us" refers to someone
|
| 323 |
+
|
| 324 |
+
A. maximises their opportunities based on nonmarket choices.
|
| 325 |
+
|
| 326 |
+
B. makes rational decisions based on their own preferences.
|
| 327 |
+
|
| 328 |
+
C. believes in borrowing and collaborating with other disciplines in their work.
|
| 329 |
+
|
| 330 |
+
D. is not influenced by the preferences and choices of others.
|
| 331 |
+
DIRECTIONS for the question: Five jumbled up sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5), related to a topic, are
|
| 332 |
+
given below. Four of them can be put together to form a coherent paragraph. Identify the odd sentence and key
|
| 333 |
+
in the number of that sentence as your answer.
|
| 334 |
+
|
| 335 |
+
Singer viewed himself as a utilitarian, and presents a direct moral theory concerning animal rights, in contrast
|
| 336 |
+
to indirect positions, such as welfarist views.
|
| 337 |
+
|
| 338 |
+
3.
|
| 339 |
+
He argued for extending moral consideration to animals because, similar to humans, animals have certain
|
| 340 |
+
significant interests.
|
| 341 |
+
DIRECTIONS for the question: The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the
|
| 342 |
+
option that best captures the essence of the passage.
|
| 343 |
+
|
| 344 |
+
21.
|
| 345 |
+
Certain codes may, of course, be so widely distributed in a specific language community or culture,
|
| 346 |
+
and be learned at so early an age, that they appear not to be constructed -- the effect of an articulation between
|
| 347 |
+
sign and referent -- but to be 'naturally' given. Simple visual signs appear to have achieved a 'near-universality'
|
| 348 |
+
in this sense: though evidence remains that even apparently 'natural' visual codes are culture specific.
|
| 349 |
+
However, this does not mean that no codes have intervened; rather, that the codes have been profoundly
|
| 350 |
+
naturalized. The operation of naturalized codes reveals not the transparency and 'naturalness' of language but
|
| 351 |
+
the depth, the habituation and the near-universality of the codes in use.
|
| 352 |
+
They produce apparently 'natural' recognitions. This has the (ideological) effect of concealing the practices of
|
| 353 |
+
coding which are present.
|
| 354 |
+
|
| 355 |
+
A. All codes, linguistic and visual, have a natural origin but some are so widespread that they become
|
| 356 |
+
universal. This is what hides the mechanism of coding behind signs.
|
| 357 |
+
|
| 358 |
+
B. Learning linguistic and visual signs at an early age makes all such codes appear natural. This naturalization
|
| 359 |
+
of codes is the effect of ideology.
|
| 360 |
+
|
| 361 |
+
|
| 362 |
+
|
| 363 |
+
C. Not all codes are natural but certain codes are naturalized and made to appear universal. Ideology aims to
|
| 364 |
+
hide the mechanism of coding behind signs.
|
| 365 |
+
|
| 366 |
+
D. Language and visual signs are codes. However, some of the codes are so widespread that they not only
|
| 367 |
+
seem naturally given but also hide the mechanism of coding behind the signs.
|
| 368 |
+
DIRECTIONS for the question: Five jumbled up sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5), related to a topic, are
|
| 369 |
+
given below. Four of them can be put together to form a coherent paragraph. Identify the odd sentence and key
|
| 370 |
+
in the number of that sentence as your answer.
|
| 371 |
+
|
| 372 |
+
When more people use buses or trains the service usually improves because public-transport agencies run
|
| 373 |
+
more buses and trains.
|
| 374 |
+
|
| 375 |
+
3.
|
| 376 |
+
Worsening services on public transport, terrorist attacks in some urban metros and a rise in fares have been
|
| 377 |
+
blamed for this trend.
|
| 378 |
+
|
| 379 |
+
|
| 380 |
+
|
| 381 |
+
4.
|
| 382 |
+
It seems more likely that public transport is being squeezed structurally as people's need to travel is
|
| 383 |
+
diminishing as a result of smartphones, video-conferencing, online shopping and so on.
|
| 384 |
+
|
| 385 |
+
survival benefit. There is no overarching, grand planner engineering the systems so that they work
|
| 386 |
+
harmoniously together. __(3)__. The brain is more like a big, old house with piecemeal renovations done on
|
| 387 |
+
every floor, and less like new construction ___4__.
|
| 388 |
+
|
| 389 |
+
A. Option 3
|
| 390 |
+
|
| 391 |
+
B. Option 1
|
| 392 |
+
|
| 393 |
+
C. Option 2
|
| 394 |
+
|
| 395 |
+
D. Option 4
|
| 396 |
+
|
| 397 |
+
24.
|
| 398 |
+
Sentence: Understanding central Asia's role helps developments make more sense not only across
|
| 399 |
+
Asia but in Europe, the Americas and Africa.
|
| 400 |
+
Paragraph: The nations of the Silk Roads are sometimes called 'developing countries', but they are actually
|
| 401 |
+
some of the world's most highly developed countries, the very crossroads of civilization, in advanced states of
|
| 402 |
+
disrepair.__(1)__. These countries lie at the centre of global affairs: they have since the beginning of history.
|
| 403 |
+
Running across the spine of Asia, they form a web of connections fanning out in every direction, routes along
|
| 404 |
+
which pilgrims and warriors, nomads and merchants have travelled, goods and produce have been bought and
|
| 405 |
+
sold, and ideas exchanged, adapted and refined.__(2)__-- . They have carried not only prosperity, but also
|
| 406 |
+
death and violence, disease and disaster.___(3)__. The Silk Roads are the world's central nervous system,
|
| 407 |
+
connecting otherwise far-
|
| 408 |
+
flung peoples and places....___(4)__. It allows us to see patterns and links, causes and effects that remain
|
| 409 |
+
invisible if one looks only at Europe, or North America.
|
| 410 |
+
|
| 411 |
+
A. Option 1
|
| 412 |
+
|
| 413 |
+
B. Option 4
|
| 414 |
+
|
| 415 |
+
C. Option 2
|
| 416 |
+
|
| 417 |
+
D. Option 3
|
| 418 |
+
The game of QUIET is played between two teams. Six teams, numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, play in a QUIET
|
| 419 |
+
tournament. These teams are divided equally into two groups. In the tournament, each team plays every other
|
| 420 |
+
team in the same group only once, and each team in the other group exactly twice. The tournament has several
|
| 421 |
+
rounds, each of which consists of a few games. Every team plays exactly one game in each round. The
|
| 422 |
+
following additional facts are known about the schedule of games in the tournament.
|
| 423 |
+
|
| 424 |
+
1.
|
| 425 |
+
Each team played against a team from the other group in Round 8.
|
| 426 |
+
|
| 427 |
+
|
| 428 |
+
|
| 429 |
+
4.
|
| 430 |
+
Team 1 played Team 5 ONLY once and that was in Round 2.
|
| 431 |
+
|
| 432 |
+
5.
|
| 433 |
+
Team 3 played Team 4 in Round
|
| 434 |
+
|
| 435 |
+
3.
|
| 436 |
+
Team 1 played Team 6 in Round 6.
|
| 437 |
+
|
| 438 |
+
What is the number of the team that played Team 1 in Round 5?
|
| 439 |
+
|
| 440 |
+
27.
|
| 441 |
+
Which team among the teams numbered 2, 3, 4, and 5 was not part of the same group?
|
| 442 |
+
|
| 443 |
+
A. 4
|
| 444 |
+
|
| 445 |
+
B. 5
|
| 446 |
+
|
| 447 |
+
C. 3
|
| 448 |
+
|
| 449 |
+
D. 2
|
| 450 |
+
|
| 451 |
+
28.
|
| 452 |
+
What is the number of the team that played Team 1 in Round 7?
|
| 453 |
+
|
| 454 |
+
|
| 455 |
+
|
| 456 |
+
2.
|
| 457 |
+
USA (in ROW) is the only country that was visited by all three of them.
|
| 458 |
+
|
| 459 |
+
3.
|
| 460 |
+
China (in Asia) is the only country that was visited by both Dheeraj and Nitesh, but not by Samantha.
|
| 461 |
+
|
| 462 |
+
4.
|
| 463 |
+
France (in Europe) is the only country outside Asia, which was visited by both Dheeraj and Samantha, but not
|
| 464 |
+
by Nitesh.
|
| 465 |
+
|
| 466 |
+
How many countries in Europe were visited only by Nitesh?
|
| 467 |
+
|
| 468 |
+
32.
|
| 469 |
+
How many countries in the ROW were visited by both Nitesh and Samantha?
|
| 470 |
+
|
| 471 |
+
33.
|
| 472 |
+
How many countries in Europe were visited by exactly one of Dheeraj, Samantha and Nitesh?
|
| 473 |
+
|
| 474 |
+
A. 5
|
| 475 |
+
|
| 476 |
+
B. 10
|
| 477 |
+
|
| 478 |
+
C. 12
|
| 479 |
+
|
| 480 |
+
D. 14 [IMAGE: image_1.png]
|
| 481 |
+
particular day. The vertical axis shows the price of the share in rupees. A share whose closing price (price at
|
| 482 |
+
the end of the day) is more than its opening price (price at the start of the day) is called a bullish share;
|
| 483 |
+
otherwise, it is called a bearish share. All bullish and bearish shares are shown in green and red colour
|
| 484 |
+
respectively.
|
| 485 |
+
|
| 486 |
+
C. F
|
| 487 |
+
|
| 488 |
+
D. D
|
| 489 |
+
|
| 490 |
+
|
| 491 |
+
|
| 492 |
+
35.
|
| 493 |
+
Daily Share Price Variability (SPV) is defined as (Day's high price - Day's low price) / (Average of the
|
| 494 |
+
opening and closing prices during the day). How many shares had an SPV greater than 0.5 on that day?
|
| 495 |
+
|
| 496 |
+
36.
|
| 497 |
+
Daily loss for a share is defined as (Opening price -- Closing price) / (Opening price). Which among the shares
|
| 498 |
+
A, B, F and G had the highest daily loss on that day?
|
| 499 |
+
|
| 500 |
+
A. G
|
| 501 |
+
|
| 502 |
+
B. F
|
| 503 |
+
|
| 504 |
+
C. A
|
| 505 |
+
|
| 506 |
+
D. B
|
| 507 |
+
|
| 508 |
+
37.
|
| 509 |
+
What would have been the percentage wealth gain for a trader, who bought equal numbers of all bullish shares
|
| 510 |
+
at opening price and sold them at their day's high?
|
| 511 |
+
|
| 512 |
+
A. 50%
|
| 513 |
+
|
| 514 |
+
B. 100%
|
| 515 |
+
|
| 516 |
+
C. 72%
|
| 517 |
+
|
| 518 |
+
D. 80%
|
| 519 |
+
[IMAGE: image_2.png]
|
| 520 |
+
and
|
| 521 |
+
|
| 522 |
+
D. The number of stars received by A and B from the six web surfers is shown in the figure below.
|
| 523 |
+
The following additional facts are known regarding the number of stars received by the bloggers from the
|
| 524 |
+
surfers.
|
| 525 |
+
|
| 526 |
+
Each blogger received a different number of stars from M.
|
| 527 |
+
|
| 528 |
+
4.
|
| 529 |
+
Two surfers gave all their stars to a single blogger.
|
| 530 |
+
|
| 531 |
+
|
| 532 |
+
|
| 533 |
+
5.
|
| 534 |
+
D received more stars than C from Y.
|
| 535 |
+
|
| 536 |
+
B. 0
|
| 537 |
+
|
| 538 |
+
C. 5
|
| 539 |
+
|
| 540 |
+
D. cannot be determined
|
| 541 |
+
|
| 542 |
+
40.
|
| 543 |
+
How many surfers distributed their stars among exactly 2 bloggers?
|
| 544 |
+
|
| 545 |
+
41.
|
| 546 |
+
Which of the following can be determined with certainty?
|
| 547 |
+
I. The number of stars received by C from M
|
| 548 |
+
II. The number of stars received by D from O
|
| 549 |
+
|
| 550 |
+
A. Neither I nor II
|
| 551 |
+
|
| 552 |
+
B. Both I and II
|
| 553 |
+
|
| 554 |
+
C. Only I
|
| 555 |
+
|
| 556 |
+
D. Only II
|
| 557 |
+
[IMAGE: image_3.png]
|
| 558 |
+
Students will vote based on the intensity level of Amiya's and Ramya's campaigns and the type of campaigns
|
| 559 |
+
they run. Each campaign is said to have a level of 1 if it is a staid campaign and a level of 2 if it is a vigorous
|
| 560 |
+
campaign. Campaigns can be of two types, they can either focus on issues, or on attacking the other candidate.
|
| 561 |
+
If Amiya and Ramya both run campaigns focusing on issues, then The percentage of students voting in the
|
| 562 |
+
election will be 20 times the sum of the levels of campaigning of the two students. For example, if Amiya and
|
| 563 |
+
Ramya both run vigorous campaigns,
|
| 564 |
+
then 20 x (2+2)%, that is, 80% of the students will vote in the election.
|
| 565 |
+
Among voting students, the percentage of votes for each candidate will be proportional to the levels of their
|
| 566 |
+
campaigns. For example, if Amiya runs a staid (i.e., level 1) campaign while Ramya runs a vigorous (i.e., level
|
| 567 |
+
|
| 568 |
+
2)
|
| 569 |
+
campaign, then Amiya will receive 1/3 of the votes cast, and Ramya will receive the other 2/
|
| 570 |
+
|
| 571 |
+
have otherwise voted for Ramya, will not vote at all.
|
| 572 |
+
If both run campaigns attacking each other, then 10% of the students who would have otherwise voted for
|
| 573 |
+
them had they run campaigns focusing on issues, will not vote at all.
|
| 574 |
+
|
| 575 |
+
|
| 576 |
+
|
| 577 |
+
42.
|
| 578 |
+
If both of them run staid campaigns attacking the other, then what percentage of students will vote in the
|
| 579 |
+
election?
|
| 580 |
+
|
| 581 |
+
A. 60%
|
| 582 |
+
|
| 583 |
+
B. 64%
|
| 584 |
+
|
| 585 |
+
C. 40%
|
| 586 |
+
|
| 587 |
+
D. 36%
|
| 588 |
+
|
| 589 |
+
43.
|
| 590 |
+
What is the minimum percentage of students who will vote in the election?
|
| 591 |
+
|
| 592 |
+
A. 32%
|
| 593 |
+
|
| 594 |
+
B. 40%
|
| 595 |
+
|
| 596 |
+
C. 36%
|
| 597 |
+
|
| 598 |
+
D. 38%
|
| 599 |
+
|
| 600 |
+
44.
|
| 601 |
+
If Amiya runs a campaign focusing on issues, then what is the maximum percentage of votes that she can get?
|
| 602 |
+
|
| 603 |
+
A. 40%
|
| 604 |
+
|
| 605 |
+
B. 36%
|
| 606 |
+
|
| 607 |
+
C. 48%
|
| 608 |
+
|
| 609 |
+
D. 44%
|
| 610 |
+
|
| 611 |
+
C. 12%
|
| 612 |
+
|
| 613 |
+
D. 18%
|
| 614 |
+
|
| 615 |
+
|
| 616 |
+
|
| 617 |
+
46.
|
| 618 |
+
What is the maximum possible voting margin with which one of the candidates can win?
|
| 619 |
+
|
| 620 |
+
A. 20%
|
| 621 |
+
|
| 622 |
+
B. 29%
|
| 623 |
+
|
| 624 |
+
C. 26%
|
| 625 |
+
|
| 626 |
+
D. 28%
|
| 627 |
+
|
| 628 |
+
A. 6
|
| 629 |
+
|
| 630 |
+
B. 1
|
| 631 |
+
|
| 632 |
+
C. 4
|
| 633 |
+
|
| 634 |
+
D. 3
|
| 635 |
+
|
| 636 |
+
48.
|
| 637 |
+
Two places A and B are 45 kms apart and connected by a straight road. Anil goes from A to B while
|
| 638 |
+
Sunil goes from B to
|
| 639 |
+
|
| 640 |
+
A. Starting at the same time, they cross each other in exactly 1 hour 30 minutes.
|
| 641 |
+
If Anil reaches B exactly 1 hour 15 minutes after Sunil reaches A, the speed of Anil, in km per hour,
|
| 642 |
+
is
|
| 643 |
+
|
| 644 |
+
A. 14
|
| 645 |
+
|
| 646 |
+
B. 12
|
| 647 |
+
|
| 648 |
+
C. 16
|
| 649 |
+
|
| 650 |
+
D. 18
|
| 651 |
+
|
| 652 |
+
with each digit appearing exactly once in every number, is 153310 + n, where n is a single digit natural
|
| 653 |
+
number. Then, the value of (a + b + c + d + n) is
|
| 654 |
+
|
| 655 |
+
51.
|
| 656 |
+
In September, the incomes of Kamal, Amal and Vimal are in the ratio 8 : 6 :
|
| 657 |
+
|
| 658 |
+
|
| 659 |
+
|
| 660 |
+
5.
|
| 661 |
+
They rent a house together, and Kamal pays 15%, Amal pays 12% and Vimal pays 18% of their respective
|
| 662 |
+
incomes to cover the total house rent in that month. In October, the house rent remains unchanged while their
|
| 663 |
+
incomes increase by 10%, 12% and 15%, respectively. In October, the percentage of their total income that
|
| 664 |
+
will be paid as house rent, is nearest to
|
| 665 |
+
|
| 666 |
+
A. 13.26
|
| 667 |
+
|
| 668 |
+
B. 14.84
|
| 669 |
+
|
| 670 |
+
C. 12.75
|
| 671 |
+
|
| 672 |
+
D. 15.18
|
| 673 |
+
|
| 674 |
+
52.
|
| 675 |
+
An amount of Rs 10000 is deposited in bank A for a certain number of years at a simple interest of 5% per
|
| 676 |
+
annum. On maturity, the total amount received is deposited in bank B for another 5 years at a simple interest
|
| 677 |
+
of 6% per annum. If the interests received from bank A and bank B are in the ratio 10 :
|
| 678 |
+
13, then the investment period, in years, in bank A is
|
| 679 |
+
|
| 680 |
+
A. 4
|
| 681 |
+
|
| 682 |
+
B. 6
|
| 683 |
+
|
| 684 |
+
C. 3
|
| 685 |
+
|
| 686 |
+
D. 5 x2 x2 x2
|
| 687 |
+
|
| 688 |
+
1
|
| 689 |
+
|
| 690 |
+
A. B. 3
|
| 691 |
+
|
| 692 |
+
C. 1
|
| 693 |
+
|
| 694 |
+
D. 4 1 3
|
| 695 |
+
|
| 696 |
+
56.
|
| 697 |
+
In the XY-plane, the area, in sq. units, of the region defined by the inequalities x2 y2 y x + 4 and - 4 + +_ 5 (x
|
| 698 |
+
- y) 0 is
|
| 699 |
+
|
| 700 |
+
A. 3
|
| 701 |
+
|
| 702 |
+
B. 2
|
| 703 |
+
|
| 704 |
+
C. D. 4
|
| 705 |
+
|
| 706 |
+
|
| 707 |
+
|
| 708 |
+
57.
|
| 709 |
+
A glass is filled with milk. Two-thirds of its content is poured out and replaced with water. If this process of
|
| 710 |
+
pouring out two-thirds the content and replacing with water is repeated three more times,
|
| 711 |
+
then the final ratio of milk to water in the glass, is
|
| 712 |
+
|
| 713 |
+
A. 1 : 26
|
| 714 |
+
|
| 715 |
+
B. 1 : 80
|
| 716 |
+
|
| 717 |
+
C. 1 : 27
|
| 718 |
+
|
| 719 |
+
D. 1 : 81
|
| 720 |
+
|
| 721 |
+
C. 537
|
| 722 |
+
|
| 723 |
+
D. 665
|
| 724 |
+
|
| 725 |
+
59.
|
| 726 |
+
The surface area of a closed rectangular box, which is inscribed in a sphere, is 846 sq cm, and the sum of the
|
| 727 |
+
lengths of all its edges is 144 cm. The volume, in cubic cm, of the sphere is
|
| 728 |
+
|
| 729 |
+
A. 1125
|
| 730 |
+
|
| 731 |
+
B. 750
|
| 732 |
+
|
| 733 |
+
C. 1125
|
| 734 |
+
|
| 735 |
+
D. 750 2 2
|
| 736 |
+
|
| 737 |
+
60.
|
| 738 |
+
The selling price of a product is fixed to ensure 40% profit. If the product had cost 40% less and had been sold
|
| 739 |
+
for 5 rupees less, then the resulting profit would have been 50%. The original selling price,
|
| 740 |
+
in rupees, of the product is
|
| 741 |
+
|
| 742 |
+
A. 10 B.15
|
| 743 |
+
|
| 744 |
+
C. 20
|
| 745 |
+
|
| 746 |
+
D. 14
|
| 747 |
+
|
| 748 |
+
|
| 749 |
+
|
| 750 |
+
61.
|
| 751 |
+
A shop wants to sell a certain quantity (in kg) of grains. It sells half the quantity and an additional 3 kg of
|
| 752 |
+
these grains to the first customer. Then, it sells half of the remaining quantity and an additional 3 kg of these
|
| 753 |
+
grains to the second customer. Finally, when the shop sells half of the remaining quantity and an additional 3
|
| 754 |
+
kg of these grains to the third customer, there are no grains left. The initial quantity, in kg, of grains is
|
| 755 |
+
|
| 756 |
+
A. 42
|
| 757 |
+
|
| 758 |
+
B. 18
|
| 759 |
+
|
| 760 |
+
C. 36
|
| 761 |
+
|
| 762 |
+
D. 50
|
| 763 |
+
|
| 764 |
+
D. 22
|
| 765 |
+
|
| 766 |
+
63.
|
| 767 |
+
ABCD is a rectangle with sides AB = 56 cm and BC = 45 cm, and E is the midpoint of side CD. Then,
|
| 768 |
+
the length, in cm, of radius of in circle of ADE is 1 1 k 1 1 1 1 3 k
|
| 769 |
+
|
| 770 |
+
65.
|
| 771 |
+
The sum of all real values of k for which , is 8 32768 8 32768 4 2 4 2
|
| 772 |
+
|
| 773 |
+
A. B.
|
| 774 |
+
|
| 775 |
+
C. D.
|
| 776 |
+
3 3 3 3
|
| 777 |
+
|
| 778 |
+
66.
|
| 779 |
+
Suppose x , x , x ,..... x are in arithmetic progression such that x = -4 and 2x , 2x = x + x .
|
| 780 |
+
1 2 3 100 5 6 9 11 13
|
| 781 |
+
Then, x equals.
|
| 782 |
+
100
|
| 783 |
+
|
| 784 |
+
A. 204
|
| 785 |
+
|
| 786 |
+
B. -194
|
| 787 |
+
|
| 788 |
+
C. 206
|
| 789 |
+
|
| 790 |
+
D. -196
|
| 791 |
+
|
| 792 |
+
Then the value of a + a + ....+a is 1 2 50
|