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Core Team Analysis Engine for Basketball Video Analysis
This module provides the core analysis logic used by both:
- CLI interface (main.py)
- Web API (team_analysis.py)
The run_team_analysis() function is the primary entry point for all analysis.
"""
import os
import argparse
import cv2
import shutil
import time
from typing import Dict, Any, Optional, Callable
from utils import read_video, save_video
from trackers import PlayerTracker, BallTracker, SAM2Tracker
from team_assigner import TeamAssigner
from court_keypoint_detector import CourtKeypointDetector
from ball_aquisition import BallAquisitionDetector
from pass_and_interception_detector import PassAndInterceptionDetector
from tactical_view_converter import TacticalViewConverter
from speed_and_distance_calculator import SpeedAndDistanceCalculator
from shot_detector import ShotDetector
from drawers import (
PlayerTracksDrawer,
BallTracksDrawer,
CourtKeypointDrawer,
TeamBallControlDrawer,
FrameNumberDrawer,
PassInterceptionDrawer,
TacticalViewDrawer,
SpeedAndDistanceDrawer,
ShotDrawer
)
from configs import(
STUBS_DEFAULT_PATH,
PLAYER_DETECTOR_PATH,
BALL_DETECTOR_PATH,
TEAM_MODEL_PATH,
COURT_KEYPOINT_DETECTOR_PATH,
SAM2_MODEL_PATH,
OUTPUT_VIDEO_PATH
)
def _get_color_from_description(description: str) -> list:
"""Helper to convert jersey description to BGR color."""
desc = str(description or "").lower()
mapping = {
'red': [0, 0, 255],
'blue': [255, 0, 0],
'green': [0, 255, 0],
'yellow': [0, 255, 255],
'white': [255, 255, 255],
'grey': [200, 200, 200],
'gray': [200, 200, 200],
'black': [40, 40, 40],
'orange': [0, 165, 255],
'purple': [128, 0, 128],
'navy': [128, 0, 0],
'pink': [203, 192, 255],
}
for key, color in mapping.items():
if key in desc:
return color
return [255, 255, 255] # Default to white
def clear_stubs(stub_path: str) -> bool:
"""Clear stub files for fresh analysis."""
try:
if os.path.exists(stub_path):
shutil.rmtree(stub_path)
os.makedirs(stub_path, exist_ok=True)
return True
except Exception as e:
print(f"β οΈ Warning: Could not clear stubs at {stub_path}: {e}")
return False
return True
def run_team_analysis(
video_path: str,
output_path: str = OUTPUT_VIDEO_PATH,
stub_path: str = STUBS_DEFAULT_PATH,
our_team_jersey: str = "white jersey",
opponent_jersey: str = "dark blue jersey",
our_team_id: int = 1,
read_from_stub: bool = False,
clear_stubs_after: bool = True,
save_annotated_video: bool = True,
use_sam2: bool = False,
progress_callback: Optional[Callable[[str, int], None]] = None,
**kwargs
) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""
Core team analysis function (used by both CLI and Web API).
Args:
video_path: Path to input video
output_path: Path to save annotated video
stub_path: Path to store/load detection stubs
our_team_jersey: Jersey description for our team
opponent_jersey: Jersey description for opponent
our_team_id: Which team ID (1 or 2) is ours
read_from_stub: Whether to use cached detections
clear_stubs_after: Whether to clear stubs after analysis
save_annotated_video: Whether to save the annotated video
progress_callback: Optional callback for progress updates
Returns:
Dictionary with analysis results and metadata
"""
def notify_progress(step: str, percent: int):
"""Call progress callback if provided."""
if progress_callback:
progress_callback(step, percent)
else:
print(f"[{percent}%] {step}")
try:
start_time = time.time()
notify_progress("Reading video", 5)
video_frames = read_video(video_path)
total_frames = len(video_frames)
if total_frames == 0:
return {"error": "Could not read video frames", "total_frames": 0}
# Get video FPS
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(video_path)
fps = cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS) or 30.0
cap.release()
duration_seconds = total_frames / fps
# Create stub directory
os.makedirs(stub_path, exist_ok=True)
# ββ Initialise Trackers & Detectors ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
notify_progress("Initializing models", 10)
# Get parameters from kwargs with safe defaults
player_conf = kwargs.get("player_confidence", 0.3)
max_players = int(kwargs.get("max_players_on_court", 10))
player_tracker = PlayerTracker(
PLAYER_DETECTOR_PATH,
confidence=player_conf,
max_players=max_players
)
ball_tracker = BallTracker(BALL_DETECTOR_PATH)
court_keypoint_detector = CourtKeypointDetector(COURT_KEYPOINT_DETECTOR_PATH)
sam2_tracker = None
if use_sam2:
notify_progress("Initializing SAM2 Segmentation", 12)
sam2_tracker = SAM2Tracker(SAM2_MODEL_PATH)
# ββ Unified AI Inference Loop ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
notify_progress("Running unified AI models", 20)
# Stub paths
player_stub = os.path.join(stub_path, 'player_track_stubs.pkl')
ball_stub = os.path.join(stub_path, 'ball_track_stubs.pkl')
court_stub = os.path.join(stub_path, 'court_key_points_stub.pkl')
# Check if all stubs exist if read_from_stub is True
stubs_found = all(os.path.exists(p) for p in [player_stub, ball_stub, court_stub])
if read_from_stub and stubs_found:
from utils import read_stub # Ensure it's available locally if needed
player_tracks = read_stub(True, player_stub)
ball_tracks = read_stub(True, ball_stub)
court_keypoints_per_frame = read_stub(True, court_stub)
notify_progress("Loaded all detections from cache", 45)
else:
player_tracks = []
ball_tracks = []
court_keypoints_per_frame = []
# Initial state for temporal trackers
last_ball_anchor = None
# Batch process frames to maximize GPU utilization
batch_size = 10
for i in range(0, total_frames, batch_size):
batch_frames = video_frames[i : i + batch_size]
# 1. Prediction: Invoke all 3 models on the frame batch simultaneously
# Player/Referee tracking (BoT-SORT automatically deployed)
p_results = player_tracker.model.track(
batch_frames, conf=player_conf, imgsz=1080, verbose=False,
persist=True, tracker="botsort.yaml"
)
# Game ball detection
b_results = ball_tracker.model.predict(
batch_frames, conf=ball_tracker.confidence, imgsz=1080, verbose=False
)
# Court keypoints (18-point schema)
c_results = court_keypoint_detector.model.predict(
batch_frames, conf=0.7, imgsz=960, verbose=False
)
# 2. Sequential Processing: Consolidate tracks frame-by-frame (maintains tracking IDs)
for f_idx in range(len(batch_frames)):
# Extract player tracks (includes max-player filtering and ByteTrack)
player_tracks.append(player_tracker.process_detection(p_results[f_idx]))
# Extract ball tracks (uses spatial anchoring to avoid stray balls)
bt, last_ball_anchor = ball_tracker.process_detection(b_results[f_idx], last_ball_anchor)
ball_tracks.append(bt)
# Extract court geometry
court_keypoints_per_frame.append(c_results[f_idx].keypoints)
# Dynamic progress update (mapped from 20% to 45%)
current_percent = 20 + int((i / total_frames) * 25)
notify_progress(f"AI Detection: Processing frames {i}/{total_frames}", current_percent)
# Save stubs for next run
from utils import save_stub
save_stub(player_stub, player_tracks)
save_stub(ball_stub, ball_tracks)
save_stub(court_stub, court_keypoints_per_frame)
# ββ Post-inference Consolidation ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
notify_progress("Cleaning up ball trajectory", 46)
ball_tracks = ball_tracker.remove_wrong_detections(ball_tracks)
ball_tracks = ball_tracker.interpolate_ball_positions(ball_tracks)
# ββ Team Assignment ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
notify_progress("Assigning players to teams", 50)
team_assigner = TeamAssigner(
team_1_class_name=our_team_jersey,
team_2_class_name=opponent_jersey,
use_hsv_clustering=True # V2 Upgrade: Robust HSV clustering
)
player_assignment = team_assigner.get_player_teams_across_frames(
video_frames,
player_tracks,
read_from_stub=read_from_stub,
stub_path=os.path.join(stub_path, 'player_assignment_stub.pkl')
)
# ββ Ball Possession & Passes βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
notify_progress("Detecting ball possession", 60)
ball_aquisition_detector = BallAquisitionDetector()
ball_aquisition = ball_aquisition_detector.detect_ball_possession(player_tracks, ball_tracks)
notify_progress("Detecting passes and interceptions", 65)
pass_and_interception_detector = PassAndInterceptionDetector()
passes = pass_and_interception_detector.detect_passes(ball_aquisition, player_assignment, player_tracks=player_tracks)
interceptions = pass_and_interception_detector.detect_interceptions(ball_aquisition, player_assignment)
# ββ Tactical View ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
notify_progress("Converting to tactical view", 70)
tactical_view_converter = TacticalViewConverter(
court_image_path="./images/basketball_court.png"
)
court_keypoints_per_frame = tactical_view_converter.validate_keypoints(court_keypoints_per_frame)
tactical_player_positions = tactical_view_converter.transform_players_to_tactical_view(
court_keypoints_per_frame, player_tracks
)
tactical_ball_positions = tactical_view_converter.transform_balls_to_tactical_view(
court_keypoints_per_frame, ball_tracks
)
# ββ Speed & Distance βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
notify_progress("Calculating speed and distance", 75)
speed_and_distance_calculator = SpeedAndDistanceCalculator(
tactical_view_converter.width,
tactical_view_converter.height,
tactical_view_converter.actual_width_in_meters,
tactical_view_converter.actual_height_in_meters
)
player_distances_per_frame = speed_and_distance_calculator.calculate_distance(tactical_player_positions)
player_speed_per_frame = speed_and_distance_calculator.calculate_speed(player_distances_per_frame)
# ββ Shot Detection βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
notify_progress("Detecting shots", 80)
shot_detector = ShotDetector(hoop_detection_model_path=TEAM_MODEL_PATH)
hoop_detections = shot_detector.detect_hoop_locations(
video_frames,
read_from_stub=read_from_stub,
stub_path=os.path.join(stub_path, 'hoop_detections_stub.pkl')
)
shots = shot_detector.detect_shots(
ball_tracks,
hoop_detections,
player_tracks=player_tracks,
player_assignment=player_assignment,
ball_possession=ball_aquisition,
fps=fps,
court_keypoints=court_keypoints_per_frame
)
# ββ Drawing & Video Rendering βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
output_video_frames = None
if save_annotated_video:
notify_progress("Rendering annotated video", 85)
# Team colors for rendering (BGR) - Stably anchored to jersey descriptions
# team_1 in drawers = our_team_description
# team_2 in drawers = opponent_description
team_1_color = _get_color_from_description(our_team_jersey)
team_2_color = _get_color_from_description(opponent_jersey)
# Initialize Drawers with dynamic colors
player_tracks_drawer = PlayerTracksDrawer(team_1_color=team_1_color, team_2_color=team_2_color)
ball_tracks_drawer = BallTracksDrawer()
court_keypoint_drawer = CourtKeypointDrawer()
team_ball_control_drawer = TeamBallControlDrawer(team_1_color=team_1_color, team_2_color=team_2_color)
frame_number_drawer = FrameNumberDrawer()
pass_and_interceptions_drawer = PassInterceptionDrawer()
tactical_view_drawer = TacticalViewDrawer(
team_1_color=team_1_color, team_2_color=team_2_color,
team_1_label=our_team_jersey, team_2_label=opponent_jersey
)
speed_and_distance_drawer = SpeedAndDistanceDrawer(team_1_color=team_1_color, team_2_color=team_2_color)
shot_drawer = ShotDrawer(team_1_label=our_team_jersey, team_2_label=opponent_jersey)
# Draw all overlays
output_video_frames = player_tracks_drawer.draw(
video_frames, player_tracks, player_assignment, ball_aquisition
)
output_video_frames = ball_tracks_drawer.draw(output_video_frames, ball_tracks)
# output_video_frames = court_keypoint_drawer.draw(output_video_frames, court_keypoints_per_frame)
# output_video_frames = frame_number_drawer.draw(output_video_frames)
output_video_frames = team_ball_control_drawer.draw(
output_video_frames, player_assignment, ball_aquisition,
team_1_label=our_team_jersey, team_2_label=opponent_jersey
)
output_video_frames = pass_and_interceptions_drawer.draw(
output_video_frames, passes, interceptions
)
output_video_frames = speed_and_distance_drawer.draw(
output_video_frames, player_tracks, player_distances_per_frame, player_speed_per_frame, player_assignment
)
output_video_frames = shot_drawer.draw(
output_video_frames, shots, hoop_detections=hoop_detections
)
# Tactical view drawing removed from video (now only available in web view)
# TACTICAL_PANEL_W = 380
# TACTICAL_PANEL_H = 200
# output_video_frames = tactical_view_drawer.draw(
# output_video_frames,
# tactical_view_converter.court_image_path,
# TACTICAL_PANEL_W,
# TACTICAL_PANEL_H,
# tactical_view_converter.key_points,
# tactical_player_positions,
# tactical_ball_positions,
# player_assignment,
# ball_aquisition,
# )
# Save annotated video
notify_progress("Saving annotated video", 90)
# Ensure output directory exists
output_dir = os.path.dirname(output_path)
if output_dir:
os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True)
save_video(output_video_frames, output_path)
# Verify file was saved
if not os.path.exists(output_path):
print(f"β οΈ Video file not created at: {output_path}")
# ββ Cleanup ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
if clear_stubs_after:
notify_progress("Cleaning up cached data", 95)
clear_stubs(stub_path)
# ββ Build Detections with Tactical Coordinates ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
# Prepare detections list for frontend with tactical coordinates included
notify_progress("Building tactical detections", 92)
detections_with_tactical = []
# 1. Add Players
for frame_idx, (frame_tracks, frame_assignment) in enumerate(zip(player_tracks, player_assignment)):
if frame_tracks is None:
continue
frame_tactical_positions = tactical_player_positions[frame_idx] if frame_idx < len(tactical_player_positions) else {}
for player_id, player_data in frame_tracks.items():
bbox = player_data.get("bbox", [])
if not bbox or len(bbox) != 4:
continue
tactical_pos = frame_tactical_positions.get(player_id)
det_entry = {
"frame": frame_idx,
"track_id": str(player_id),
"object_type": "player",
"bbox": bbox,
"confidence": 1.0,
"team_id": frame_assignment.get(player_id, 0),
"has_ball": player_id == ball_aquisition[frame_idx] if frame_idx < len(ball_aquisition) else False,
}
if tactical_pos:
det_entry["tactical_x"] = float(tactical_pos[0])
det_entry["tactical_y"] = float(tactical_pos[1])
detections_with_tactical.append(det_entry)
# 2. Add Ball (basketball) - already transformed to tactical above
for frame_idx, frame_ball_tracks in enumerate(ball_tracks):
if frame_ball_tracks is None:
continue
frame_tactical_ball = tactical_ball_positions[frame_idx] if frame_idx < len(tactical_ball_positions) else {}
for ball_id, ball_data in frame_ball_tracks.items():
bbox = ball_data.get("bbox", [])
if not bbox or len(bbox) != 4:
continue
tactical_pos = frame_tactical_ball.get(ball_id)
det_entry = {
"frame": frame_idx,
"track_id": str(ball_id),
"object_type": "basketball",
"bbox": bbox,
"confidence": 1.0,
}
if tactical_pos:
det_entry["tactical_x"] = float(tactical_pos[0])
det_entry["tactical_y"] = float(tactical_pos[1])
detections_with_tactical.append(det_entry)
# ββ Build Results ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
notify_progress("Calculating match statistics", 94)
# Count unique players
unique_players = set()
for frame_tracks in player_tracks:
unique_players.update((frame_tracks or {}).keys())
# Calculate possession percentages
team_1_possession = 0
team_2_possession = 0
for frame_idx, (possession, assignment) in enumerate(zip(ball_aquisition, player_assignment)):
if possession != -1 and possession in assignment:
team = assignment[possession]
if team == 1:
team_1_possession += 1
elif team == 2:
team_2_possession += 1
total_possession = team_1_possession + team_2_possession
team_1_pct = (team_1_possession / total_possession * 100) if total_possession > 0 else 50
team_2_pct = (team_2_possession / total_possession * 100) if total_possession > 0 else 50
# Shot statistics
notify_progress("Analyzing shot performance", 96)
shot_stats = shot_detector.calculate_shot_statistics(shots)
# Calculate aggregated speed & distance
total_distance = 0
all_speeds = []
for frame_distances in player_distances_per_frame:
total_distance += sum(frame_distances.values())
for frame_speeds in player_speed_per_frame:
for speed in frame_speeds.values():
if speed > 0:
all_speeds.append(speed)
avg_speed = sum(all_speeds) / len(all_speeds) if all_speeds else 0
max_speed = max(all_speeds) if all_speeds else 0
# Calculate defensive actions (interceptions + estimated rebounds/blocks from tracks)
# For now, base it on interceptions and number of defensive assignments
defensive_actions = len([i for i in interceptions if i != -1])
# Calculate total processing time
notify_progress("Preparing final report", 98)
processing_time = time.time() - start_time
result = {
"status": "completed",
"total_frames": int(total_frames),
"duration_seconds": float(duration_seconds),
"processing_time_seconds": float(round(processing_time, 2)),
"fps": float(fps),
"players_detected": int(len(unique_players)),
"team_1_possession_percent": float(round(team_1_pct, 1)),
"team_2_possession_percent": float(round(team_2_pct, 1)),
"total_passes": int(len([p for p in passes if p != -1])),
"team_1_passes": int(len([frame_idx for frame_idx, p in enumerate(passes) if p != -1 and player_assignment[frame_idx].get(p) == 1])),
"team_2_passes": int(len([frame_idx for frame_idx, p in enumerate(passes) if p != -1 and player_assignment[frame_idx].get(p) == 2])),
"total_interceptions": int(len([i for i in interceptions if i != -1])),
"team_1_interceptions": int(len([frame_idx for frame_idx, i in enumerate(interceptions) if i != -1 and player_assignment[frame_idx].get(i) == 1])),
"team_2_interceptions": int(len([frame_idx for frame_idx, i in enumerate(interceptions) if i != -1 and player_assignment[frame_idx].get(i) == 2])),
"defensive_actions": int(defensive_actions),
"shot_attempts": int(shot_stats['total_attempts']),
"shots_made": int(shot_stats['total_made']),
"shots_missed": int(shot_stats['total_missed']),
"overall_shooting_percentage": float(shot_stats['overall_percentage']),
"total_distance_meters": float(round(total_distance, 1)),
"avg_speed_kmh": float(round(avg_speed, 1)),
"max_speed_kmh": float(round(max_speed, 1)),
"annotated_video_path": output_path if save_annotated_video else None,
"annotated_video_exists": save_annotated_video and os.path.exists(output_path),
"detections": detections_with_tactical,
"events": [], # To be populated below
}
# Populate events for the timeline
events_list = []
# Add shots
for shot in shots:
# Use pre-calculated data from shot_detector if available
shot_distance = shot.get("distance_feet")
if shot_distance is None:
# Fallback calculation if not stored
hoop_pos = (960, 300)
if hoop_detections and hoop_detections[shot["start_frame"]]:
h = hoop_detections[shot["start_frame"]]
hoop_pos = (h["center"][0], h["rim_y"])
shot_distance = shot_detector._calculate_shot_distance(shot.get("start_position"), hoop_pos)
events_list.append({
"event_type": "shot",
"frame": shot["start_frame"],
"timestamp_seconds": shot["start_frame"] / fps if fps > 0 else 0,
"player_id": shot.get("player_id"),
"details": {
"outcome": shot.get("outcome"),
"type": shot.get("shot_type", "Jump Shot"),
"player": shot.get("player_id"),
"distance": shot_distance
}
})
# Add passes
for frame_idx, receiver_id in enumerate(passes):
if receiver_id != -1:
events_list.append({
"event_type": "pass",
"frame": frame_idx,
"timestamp_seconds": frame_idx / fps if fps > 0 else 0,
"player_id": receiver_id,
"details": {"player": receiver_id}
})
# Add interceptions
for frame_idx, interceptor_id in enumerate(interceptions):
if interceptor_id != -1:
events_list.append({
"event_type": "interception",
"frame": frame_idx,
"timestamp_seconds": frame_idx / fps if fps > 0 else 0,
"player_id": interceptor_id,
"details": {"player": interceptor_id}
})
# Sort events by frame
events_list.sort(key=lambda x: x["frame"])
result["events"] = events_list
notify_progress("Analysis complete", 100)
return result
except Exception as e:
print(f"β Analysis failed: {e}")
import traceback
traceback.print_exc()
return {
"status": "failed",
"error": str(e),
"total_frames": 0,
"duration_seconds": 0.0,
"players_detected": 0,
"team_1_possession_percent": 50.0,
"team_2_possession_percent": 50.0,
"total_passes": 0,
"total_interceptions": 0,
}
def parse_args():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Basketball Video Analysis')
parser.add_argument('input_video', type=str, help='Path to input video file')
parser.add_argument('--output_video', type=str, default=OUTPUT_VIDEO_PATH,
help='Path to output video file')
parser.add_argument('--stub_path', type=str, default=STUBS_DEFAULT_PATH,
help='Path to stub directory')
parser.add_argument('--our_team_jersey', type=str, default='grey jersey',
help='Description of the home/our team jersey color')
parser.add_argument('--opponent_jersey', type=str, default='red jersey',
help='Description of the opponent team jersey color')
parser.add_argument('--our_team_id', type=int, default=1, choices=[1, 2],
help='Which team ID (1 or 2) is the team being analysed')
parser.add_argument('--read_from_stub', action='store_true',
help='Use cached detections instead of fresh analysis')
parser.add_argument('--keep_stubs', action='store_true',
help='Keep stub files after analysis')
parser.add_argument('--use_sam2', action='store_true',
help='Enable experimental SAM2 pixel-perfect segmentation (requires GPU)')
return parser.parse_args()
def main():
args = parse_args()
print(f"\n{'='*60}")
print(f" Basketball Analysis System")
print(f"{'='*60}")
print(f" Video : {args.input_video}")
print(f" Our Team : {args.our_team_jersey} (Team {args.our_team_id})")
print(f" Opponent : {args.opponent_jersey}")
print(f"{'='*60}\n")
result = run_team_analysis(
video_path=args.input_video,
output_path=args.output_video,
stub_path=args.stub_path,
our_team_jersey=args.our_team_jersey,
opponent_jersey=args.opponent_jersey,
our_team_id=args.our_team_id,
read_from_stub=args.read_from_stub,
clear_stubs_after=not args.keep_stubs,
use_sam2=args.use_sam2,
)
if result.get("status") == "completed":
print(f"\nβ
Analysis Complete!")
print(f" Duration: {result['duration_seconds']:.1f}s")
print(f" Players Detected: {result['players_detected']}")
print(f" Team 1 Possession: {result['team_1_possession_percent']:.1f}%")
print(f" Team 2 Possession: {result['team_2_possession_percent']:.1f}%")
print(f" Total Passes: {result['total_passes']}")
print(f" Interceptions: {result['total_interceptions']}")
print(f" Shooting Percentage: {result['overall_shooting_percentage']:.1f}%")
print(f" Total Distance: {result['total_distance_meters']:.1f}m")
print(f" Avg Speed: {result['avg_speed_kmh']:.1f} km/h")
print(f" Processing Time: {result['processing_time_seconds']:.2f}s")
print(f" Output: {result['annotated_video_path']}")
else:
print(f"\nβ Analysis Failed: {result.get('error')}")
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
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