"""Dependency-driven voice transformations between active and passive."""

from __future__ import annotations

from functools import lru_cache

from lemminflect import getInflection

from app.pipeline.nlp import get_nlp


def _span_indices(token) -> set[int]:
    return {part.i for part in token.subtree}


def _ranges_text(doc, indices: set[int]) -> str:
    if not indices:
        return ""
    parts: list[str] = []
    ordered = sorted(indices)
    start = previous = ordered[0]
    for index in ordered[1:]:
        if index != previous + 1:
            parts.append(doc[start : previous + 1].text.strip())
            start = index
        previous = index
    parts.append(doc[start : previous + 1].text.strip())
    return " ".join(part for part in parts if part)


def _is_structural_punct(token, doc) -> bool:
    """Punctuation that separates phrases, as opposed to joining a compound.

    The hyphens in "high-quality" and "word-of-mouth" are ``punct`` too;
    dropping them would rebuild the sentence as "high quality".
    """
    if token.dep_ != "punct":
        return False
    return bool(token.whitespace_) or token.i == len(doc) - 1


def _continue_case(text: str, head) -> str:
    value = text.strip()
    if not value or head.pos_ == "PROPN":
        return value
    return value[0].lower() + value[1:]


def _start_case(text: str) -> str:
    value = text.strip()
    return value[:1].upper() + value[1:] if value else value


def _passive_auxiliary(root, auxiliaries: list, plural: bool) -> str | None:
    aux_text = [token.text.lower() for token in auxiliaries]
    has_modal = any(token.tag_ == "MD" for token in auxiliaries)
    has_perfect = any(
        token.lemma_.lower() == "have" and token.tag_ != "VBG"
        for token in auxiliaries
    )
    has_progressive = root.tag_ == "VBG" and any(
        token.lemma_.lower() == "be" for token in auxiliaries
    )

    if has_perfect and has_progressive:
        return None
    if has_perfect:
        perfect_aux: list[str] = []
        for token in auxiliaries:
            if token.lemma_.lower() == "have" and token.tag_ in {"VBP", "VBZ"}:
                target_tag = "VBP" if plural else "VBZ"
                forms = getInflection("have", tag=target_tag)
                perfect_aux.append(forms[0] if forms else token.text.lower())
            else:
                perfect_aux.append(token.text.lower())
        return " ".join([*perfect_aux, "been"])
    if has_modal:
        return " ".join([*aux_text, "be"])
    if has_progressive:
        return " ".join([*aux_text, "being"])
    if auxiliaries:
        # Unsupported do-support or ambiguous auxiliary chain.
        return None
    if root.tag_ == "VBD":
        return "were" if plural else "was"
    if root.tag_ in {"VBP", "VBZ"}:
        return "are" if plural else "is"
    return None


@lru_cache(maxsize=4096)
def active_to_passive(text: str) -> str | None:
    """Convert an eligible active transitive clause without lexical paraphrasing."""
    raw = (text or "").strip()
    if not raw or "?" in raw:
        return None
    nlp = get_nlp()
    if nlp is None:
        return None
    try:
        doc = nlp(raw)
    except Exception:
        return None

    root = next(
        (token for token in doc if token.dep_ == "ROOT" and token.pos_ == "VERB"),
        None,
    )
    if root is None or any(
        token.dep_ in {"auxpass", "nsubjpass"} for token in doc
    ):
        return None

    # Coordinated verb lists only rewrite the ROOT verb and drop the rest
    # ("demonstrate A, participate B, and achieve C" → broken passive).
    # A single trailing verb conj without a comma can be a misattached relative
    # clause conjunct ("transformed the way students learn and teachers deliver").
    verb_conjs = [
        child
        for child in root.children
        if child.dep_ == "conj" and child.pos_ == "VERB"
    ]
    if len(verb_conjs) > 1:
        return None
    if len(verb_conjs) == 1:
        between = doc[root.i + 1 : verb_conjs[0].i]
        if any(token.text == "," for token in between):
            return None

    # The same list can parse as a bare adverbial clause instead of a conjunct
    # ("appreciate companies that reply, resolve issues, and treat them well"
    # hangs "resolve" off the ROOT as advcl). Rebuilding leaves that tail behind
    # the agent, so refuse. Genuine adverbial clauses carry a subordinating mark,
    # their own subject, or an infinitival "to".
    stray_verb_phrase = any(
        child.dep_ == "advcl"
        and child.pos_ == "VERB"
        and child.tag_ in {"VB", "VBP", "VBZ", "VBD"}
        and child.i > root.i
        and not any(
            grand.dep_ in {"mark", "nsubj", "nsubjpass", "aux"}
            or grand.pos_ == "SCONJ"
            for grand in child.children
        )
        for child in root.children
    )
    if stray_verb_phrase:
        return None

    subject = next((child for child in root.children if child.dep_ == "nsubj"), None)
    if subject is None or subject.pos_ == "PRON":
        return None

    object_head = next(
        (child for child in root.children if child.dep_ in {"dobj", "obj"}),
        None,
    )
    complement_indices: set[int] = set()
    carrier = None
    if object_head is None:
        carrier = next(
            (
                child
                for child in root.children
                if child.dep_ in {"ccomp", "xcomp"}
                and child.pos_ in {"ADJ", "VERB"}
            ),
            None,
        )
        if carrier is None:
            return None
        object_head = next(
            (
                child
                for child in carrier.children
                if child.dep_ in {"nsubj", "nsubjpass"}
            ),
            None,
        )
        if object_head is None or object_head.pos_ == "PRON":
            return None
        complement_indices = _span_indices(carrier) - _span_indices(object_head)

    subject_indices = _span_indices(subject)
    object_indices = _span_indices(object_head)

    # Parsers can attach the second half of a coordinated relative clause to
    # the matrix verb. Extend a contiguous object phrase only when its object
    # already contains a relative clause and there is no comma boundary.
    if any(doc[index].dep_ == "relcl" for index in object_indices):
        trailing_conj = next(
            (
                child
                for child in root.children
                if child.dep_ == "conj"
                and child.pos_ == "VERB"
                and child.i > max(object_indices)
                and any(grand.dep_ == "nsubj" for grand in child.children)
            ),
            None,
        )
        if trailing_conj is not None:
            end = max(_span_indices(trailing_conj))
            between = doc[min(object_indices) : end + 1]
            if not any(token.text == "," for token in between):
                object_indices.update(range(min(object_indices), end + 1))

    # A noun-complement phrase often parses onto the verb even though it
    # belongs to the object ("identify areas | for improvement"). Promoting the
    # passive subject without it strands the phrase at the far end. Only "of"
    # and "for" qualify: "to"/"on" and friends are usually verb arguments
    # ("emailed the invoice to X on Monday") and must stay with the verb.
    while True:
        following = next(
            (
                child
                for child in root.children
                if child.dep_ == "prep"
                and child.lower_ in {"of", "for"}
                and min(part.i for part in child.subtree) == max(object_indices) + 1
            ),
            None,
        )
        if following is None:
            break
        object_indices |= _span_indices(following)

    auxiliaries = sorted(
        [child for child in root.children if child.dep_ == "aux"],
        key=lambda token: token.i,
    )
    negations = sorted(
        [child for child in root.children if child.dep_ == "neg"],
        key=lambda token: token.i,
    )
    plural = "Plur" in object_head.morph.get("Number")
    passive_aux = _passive_auxiliary(root, auxiliaries, plural)
    participles = getInflection(root.lemma_, tag="VBN")
    if not passive_aux or not participles:
        return None

    if negations:
        aux_parts = passive_aux.split()
        passive_aux = " ".join(
            [aux_parts[0], *(token.text for token in negations), *aux_parts[1:]]
        )

    consumed = (
        subject_indices
        | object_indices
        | complement_indices
        | {root.i}
        | {token.i for token in auxiliaries}
        | {token.i for token in negations}
        | {token.i for token in doc if _is_structural_punct(token, doc)}
    )
    extras = {
        token.i
        for token in doc
        if token.i not in consumed
    }

    # Leftovers are appended after the agent, which only reads correctly for
    # trailing modifiers. Anything that opened the sentence ("By delivering
    # good service, organizations can …") or sat before the verb ("also")
    # would land in the wrong place and change what it modifies.
    if extras:
        subject_start = min(subject_indices)
        if any(index < subject_start for index in extras):
            return None
        if any(
            doc[index].pos_ in {"ADV", "PART"} and index < root.i for index in extras
        ):
            return None

    new_subject = _start_case(_ranges_text(doc, object_indices))
    agent = _continue_case(_ranges_text(doc, subject_indices), subject)
    complement = _ranges_text(doc, complement_indices)
    remainder = _ranges_text(doc, extras)
    pieces = [
        new_subject,
        passive_aux,
        participles[0],
        complement,
        f"by {agent}",
        remainder,
    ]
    sentence = " ".join(piece for piece in pieces if piece).strip()
    terminal = raw[-1] if raw.endswith(("!", "?")) else "."
    return sentence.rstrip(".!?") + terminal


def can_convert_active_to_passive(text: str) -> bool:
    return active_to_passive(text) is not None


def _active_auxiliary(root, auxiliaries: list, plural: bool) -> tuple[str, str] | None:
    """Return (aux text, verb tag) for the active clause, or None if unsupported.

    The passive chain is ``aux* be VBN``. Dropping the ``be`` leaves the tense on
    whatever precedes it; when nothing does, the copula itself carried the tense.
    """
    modal = [token for token in auxiliaries if token.tag_ == "MD"]
    perfect = [
        token for token in auxiliaries if token.lemma_.lower() == "have"
    ]
    copulas = [token for token in auxiliaries if token.lemma_.lower() == "be"]
    if not copulas:
        return None
    if any(token.tag_ == "VBG" for token in copulas) and not modal and not perfect:
        # "is being reviewed" — progressive active needs a rebuilt "is reviewing".
        return None

    if modal:
        # can be identified -> can identify
        return " ".join(token.text.lower() for token in modal), "VB"
    if perfect:
        # has been reviewed -> has reviewed
        return " ".join(token.text.lower() for token in perfect), "VBN"

    copula = copulas[0]
    tag = copula.tag_
    if tag == "VBD":
        return "", "VBD"
    if tag in {"VBP", "VBZ"}:
        return "", "VBP" if plural else "VBZ"
    return None


@lru_cache(maxsize=4096)
def passive_to_active(text: str) -> str | None:
    """Convert ``X is/can be VERBed by Y`` into ``Y verbs X`` without paraphrasing.

    Requires an explicit ``by`` agent; agentless passives have no recoverable
    subject and must stay as they are.
    """
    raw = (text or "").strip()
    if not raw or "?" in raw:
        return None
    nlp = get_nlp()
    if nlp is None:
        return None
    try:
        doc = nlp(raw)
    except Exception:
        return None

    root = next(
        (token for token in doc if token.dep_ == "ROOT" and token.pos_ == "VERB"),
        None,
    )
    if root is None or root.tag_ != "VBN":
        return None

    subject = next(
        (child for child in root.children if child.dep_ == "nsubjpass"), None
    )
    if subject is None:
        return None

    auxiliaries = sorted(
        [child for child in root.children if child.dep_ in {"aux", "auxpass"}],
        key=lambda token: token.i,
    )
    if not any(token.dep_ == "auxpass" for token in auxiliaries):
        return None

    # Only a single clause: coordinated verbs would silently lose conjuncts.
    if any(
        child.dep_ == "conj" and child.pos_ == "VERB" for child in root.children
    ):
        return None

    agent_prep = next(
        (
            child
            for child in root.children
            if child.dep_ == "agent" and child.lower_ == "by"
        ),
        None,
    )
    if agent_prep is None:
        return None
    agent_head = next(
        (child for child in agent_prep.children if child.dep_ == "pobj"), None
    )
    if agent_head is None:
        return None

    negations = sorted(
        [child for child in root.children if child.dep_ == "neg"],
        key=lambda token: token.i,
    )
    agent_indices = _span_indices(agent_head)
    subject_indices = _span_indices(subject)
    plural = "Plur" in agent_head.morph.get("Number") or agent_head.tag_ == "NNS"

    active = _active_auxiliary(root, auxiliaries, plural)
    if active is None:
        return None
    aux_text, verb_tag = active
    if negations and not aux_text:
        # "were not corrected by X" needs do-support ("X did not correct"),
        # which this surface rebuild cannot produce.
        return None
    forms = getInflection(root.lemma_, tag=verb_tag)
    if not forms:
        return None

    consumed = (
        subject_indices
        | agent_indices
        | {agent_prep.i, root.i}
        | {token.i for token in auxiliaries}
        | {token.i for token in negations}
        | {token.i for token in doc if token.dep_ == "punct"}
    )
    extras = {token.i for token in doc if token.i not in consumed}

    new_subject = _start_case(_ranges_text(doc, agent_indices))
    new_object = _continue_case(_ranges_text(doc, subject_indices), subject)
    negation = " ".join(token.text for token in negations)
    pieces = [
        new_subject,
        aux_text,
        negation,
        forms[0],
        new_object,
        _ranges_text(doc, extras),
    ]
    sentence = " ".join(piece for piece in pieces if piece).strip()
    terminal = raw[-1] if raw.endswith(("!", "?")) else "."
    return sentence.rstrip(".!?") + terminal


def can_convert_passive_to_active(text: str) -> bool:
    return passive_to_active(text) is not None