File size: 5,604 Bytes
d563759
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
import pydicom
import logging
import hashlib
from typing import Tuple, Dict, Any, Optional
from pathlib import Path
import os
import io

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# Mandatory DICOM Tags for Medical Validity
REQUIRED_TAGS = [
    'PatientID',
    'StudyInstanceUID',
    'SeriesInstanceUID',
    'Modality',
    'PixelSpacing', # Crucial for measurements
]

# Tags to Anonymize (PHI)
PHI_TAGS = [
    'PatientName',
    'PatientBirthDate',
    'PatientAddress',
    'InstitutionName',
    'ReferringPhysicianName'
]

def validate_dicom(file_bytes: bytes) -> pydicom.dataset.FileDataset:
    """
    Strict validation of DICOM file.
    Raises ValueError if invalid.
    """
    try:
        # 1. Parse without loading pixel data first (speed)
        ds = pydicom.dcmread(io.BytesIO(file_bytes), stop_before_pixels=False)
    except Exception as e:
        raise ValueError(f"Invalid DICOM format: {str(e)}")

    # 2. Check Mandatory Tags
    missing_tags = [tag for tag in REQUIRED_TAGS if tag not in ds]
    if missing_tags:
        raise ValueError(f"Missing critical DICOM tags: {missing_tags}")

    # 3. Check Pixel Data presence
    if 'PixelData' not in ds:
         raise ValueError("DICOM file has no image data (PixelData missing).")

    return ds

def anonymize_dicom(ds: pydicom.dataset.FileDataset) -> pydicom.dataset.FileDataset:
    """
    Remove PHI from dataset.
    Returns modified dataset.
    """
    # Hash PatientID to keep linkable anonymous ID
    original_id = str(ds.get('PatientID', 'Unknown'))
    hashed_id = hashlib.sha256(original_id.encode()).hexdigest()[:16].upper()
    
    ds.PatientID = f"ANON-{hashed_id}"
    
    # Wipe other fields
    for tag in PHI_TAGS:
        if tag in ds:
            if 'Date' in tag: # VR DA requires YYYYMMDD
                ds.data_element(tag).value = "19010101"
            else:
                ds.data_element(tag).value = "ANONYMIZED"
            
    return ds

def process_dicom_upload(file_bytes: bytes, username: str) -> Tuple[bytes, Dict[str, Any]]:
    """
    Main Gateway Function: Validate -> Anonymize -> Return Bytes & Metadata
    """
    # 1. Validate
    try:
        ds = validate_dicom(file_bytes)
    except Exception as e:
        logger.error(f"DICOM Validation Failed: {e}")
        raise ValueError(f"DICOM Rejected: {e}")

    # 2. Anonymize
    ds = anonymize_dicom(ds)
    
    # 3. Extract safe metadata
    metadata = {
        "modality": ds.get("Modality", "Unknown"),
        "body_part": ds.get("BodyPartExamined", "Unknown"),
        "study_uid": str(ds.get("StudyInstanceUID", "")),
        "pixel_spacing": ds.get("PixelSpacing", [1.0, 1.0]),
        "original_filename_hint": "dicom_file.dcm"
    }
    
    # 4. Convert back to bytes for storage
    with io.BytesIO() as buffer:
        ds.save_as(buffer)
        safe_bytes = buffer.getvalue()
        
    return safe_bytes, metadata

def convert_dicom_to_image(ds: pydicom.dataset.FileDataset) -> Any:
    """
    Convert DICOM to PIL Image / Numpy array with Medical Physics awareness.
    1. Check RAS Orientation (Basic Validation).
    2. Apply Hounsfield Units (CT) or Intensity Normalization (MRI/XRay).
    3. Windowing (Lung/Bone/Soft Tissue).
    """
    import numpy as np
    from PIL import Image
    
    try:
        # 1. Image Geometry & Orientation Check (RAS)
        # We enforce that slices are roughly axial/standard for now, or at least valid.
        orientation = ds.get("ImageOrientationPatient")
        if orientation:
            # Check for orthogonality (basic sanity)
            row_cosine = np.array(orientation[:3])
            col_cosine = np.array(orientation[3:])
            if np.abs(np.dot(row_cosine, col_cosine)) > 1e-3:
                logger.warning("DICOM Orientation vectors are not orthogonal. Image might be skewed.")
        
        # 2. Extract Raw Pixels
        pixel_array = ds.pixel_array.astype(float)
        
        # 3. Apply Rescale Slope/Intercept (Physics -> HU)
        slope = getattr(ds, 'RescaleSlope', 1)
        intercept = getattr(ds, 'RescaleIntercept', 0)
        pixel_array = (pixel_array * slope) + intercept

        # 4. Modality-Specific Normalization
        modality = ds.get("Modality", "Unknown")
        
        if modality == 'CT':
            # Hounsfield Units: Air -1000, Bone +1000
            # Robust Min-Max scaling for visualization feeding
            # Clip outlier HU (metal artifacts > 3000, air < -1000)
            pixel_array = np.clip(pixel_array, -1000, 3000)
            
        elif modality == 'MR':
            # MRI is relative intensity. 
            # Simple 1-99 percentile clipping removes spikes.
            p1, p99 = np.percentile(pixel_array, [1, 99])
            pixel_array = np.clip(pixel_array, p1, p99)
            
        # 5. Normalization to 0-255 (Display Space)
        pixel_min = np.min(pixel_array)
        pixel_max = np.max(pixel_array)
        
        if pixel_max - pixel_min != 0:
            pixel_array = ((pixel_array - pixel_min) / (pixel_max - pixel_min)) * 255.0
        else:
            pixel_array = np.zeros_like(pixel_array)
            
        pixel_array = pixel_array.astype(np.uint8)
        
        # 6. Color Space
        if len(pixel_array.shape) == 2:
            image = Image.fromarray(pixel_array).convert("RGB")
        else:
            image = Image.fromarray(pixel_array) 
            
        return image
        
    except Exception as e:
        logger.error(f"DICOM Conversion Error: {e}")
        raise ValueError(f"Could not convert DICOM to image: {e}")