backend/app/services/ml/pattern_recognition/pattern_detector.py

"""
Candlestick Pattern Detector — 35+ Patterns.

Institutional-grade pattern detection across single-candle, multi-candle,
and complex chart patterns.

Trading Styles Covered:
  - Scalping: sub-minute to minutes, high-frequency entries
  - Day Trading / Intraday: same-day open-close positions
  - Swing Trading: multi-day to multi-week reversals/continuations
  - Positional / Long-Term: weeks to months trend riding
  - F&O / Options: volatility-based, breakout/breakdown detection
  - Futures: momentum-based, trend-following signals

Market Coverage:
  - Equities (US, India, Europe, Asia)
  - Forex (major, minor, exotic pairs)
  - Crypto (BTC, ETH, altcoins)
  - Commodities (gold, oil, agricultural)
  - Indices (SPX, NIFTY, DAX)

Each detected pattern returns:
  - name, category, direction (bullish/bearish/neutral)
  - reliability_score (0-1), body_ratio, shadow_ratios
  - trading_styles: list of suitable trading approaches
  - markets: list of suitable market types
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import logging
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


@dataclass
class PatternResult:
    """A detected candlestick or chart pattern."""
    name: str
    category: str          # single, multi, complex
    direction: str         # bullish, bearish, neutral
    reliability: float     # 0.0 – 1.0
    index: int             # bar index where pattern was detected
    description: str
    trading_styles: List[str]   # scalping, intraday, swing, positional, options, futures, forex, crypto, commodities
    details: Dict[str, Any]

    @property
    def hedge_signal(self) -> str:
        """Auto-derive hedge action from pattern direction + reliability.
        
        Returns one of:
          - 'hedge_now'       — Strong bearish signal, open/increase hedge immediately
          - 'increase_hedge'  — Moderate bearish signal, consider tightening protection
          - 'reduce_hedge'    — Strong bullish signal, reduce hedge exposure
          - 'hold_hedge'      — Neutral / indecision, maintain current hedge level
        """
        if self.direction == "bearish" and self.reliability >= 0.70:
            return "hedge_now"
        elif self.direction == "bearish":
            return "increase_hedge"
        elif self.direction == "bullish" and self.reliability >= 0.70:
            return "reduce_hedge"
        else:
            return "hold_hedge"

    @property
    def hedge_recommendation(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Hedge sizing recommendation based on signal strength."""
        signal = self.hedge_signal
        if signal == "hedge_now":
            return {
                "action": "hedge_now",
                "suggested_hedge_pct": min(50, int(self.reliability * 60)),
                "urgency": "high",
                "rationale": f"{self.name} ({self.reliability:.0%} reliability) indicates strong downside risk. Protect portfolio with 30-50% hedge allocation.",
            }
        elif signal == "increase_hedge":
            return {
                "action": "increase_hedge",
                "suggested_hedge_pct": min(30, int(self.reliability * 40)),
                "urgency": "medium",
                "rationale": f"{self.name} signals bearish pressure. Consider increasing hedge to 15-30%.",
            }
        elif signal == "reduce_hedge":
            return {
                "action": "reduce_hedge",
                "suggested_hedge_pct": max(5, int((1 - self.reliability) * 20)),
                "urgency": "low",
                "rationale": f"{self.name} ({self.reliability:.0%} reliability) confirms bullish momentum. Reduce hedge to 5-10% maintenance level.",
            }
        else:
            return {
                "action": "hold_hedge",
                "suggested_hedge_pct": 15,
                "urgency": "none",
                "rationale": f"{self.name} is neutral/indecisive. Maintain current hedge level.",
            }

    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        return {
            "name": self.name,
            "category": self.category,
            "direction": self.direction,
            "reliability": round(self.reliability, 4),
            "index": self.index,
            "description": self.description,
            "trading_styles": self.trading_styles,
            "hedge_signal": self.hedge_signal,
            "hedge_recommendation": self.hedge_recommendation,
            "details": self.details,
        }


# ── Helper Functions ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────

def _body(o: float, c: float) -> float:
    """Absolute body size."""
    return abs(c - o)

def _range(h: float, l: float) -> float:
    """Candle range (high-low)."""
    return h - l

def _upper_shadow(o: float, h: float, c: float) -> float:
    return h - max(o, c)

def _lower_shadow(o: float, l: float, c: float) -> float:
    return min(o, c) - l

def _is_bullish(o: float, c: float) -> bool:
    return c > o

def _is_bearish(o: float, c: float) -> bool:
    return c < o

def _body_ratio(o: float, h: float, l: float, c: float) -> float:
    """Body as fraction of total range."""
    r = _range(h, l)
    return _body(o, c) / r if r > 0 else 0

def _avg_body(df: pd.DataFrame, end: int, lookback: int = 14) -> float:
    """Average body size over lookback period."""
    start = max(0, end - lookback)
    bodies = [_body(df.iloc[i]["Open"], df.iloc[i]["Close"]) for i in range(start, end)]
    return np.mean(bodies) if bodies else 1.0


# ── Single-Candle Patterns ───────────────────────────────────────────────

class SingleCandleDetector:
    """Detect single-candle patterns."""

    @staticmethod
    def detect(df: pd.DataFrame, idx: int, avg_b: float) -> List[PatternResult]:
        results: List[PatternResult] = []
        if idx < 0 or idx >= len(df):
            return results

        row = df.iloc[idx]
        o, h, l, c = row["Open"], row["High"], row["Low"], row["Close"]
        body = _body(o, c)
        rng = _range(h, l)
        if rng <= 0:
            return results

        br = body / rng
        us = _upper_shadow(o, h, c)
        ls = _lower_shadow(o, l, c)
        bullish = _is_bullish(o, c)
        bearish = _is_bearish(o, c)

        # 1. Doji — body < 5% of range
        if br < 0.05:
            # Sub-types
            if ls > rng * 0.3 and us < rng * 0.1:
                results.append(PatternResult(
                    name="Dragonfly Doji", category="single", direction="bullish",
                    reliability=0.72, index=idx,
                    description="Open and close near high with long lower shadow. Strong bullish reversal when found at support.",
                    trading_styles=["scalping", "intraday", "swing", "positional", "options", "futures", "forex", "crypto"],
                    details={"body_ratio": round(br, 4), "lower_shadow_pct": round(ls/rng, 4)}
                ))
            elif us > rng * 0.3 and ls < rng * 0.1:
                results.append(PatternResult(
                    name="Gravestone Doji", category="single", direction="bearish",
                    reliability=0.71, index=idx,
                    description="Open and close near low with long upper shadow. Bearish reversal at resistance.",
                    trading_styles=["scalping", "intraday", "swing", "positional", "options", "futures", "forex", "crypto"],
                    details={"body_ratio": round(br, 4), "upper_shadow_pct": round(us/rng, 4)}
                ))
            elif us > rng * 0.3 and ls > rng * 0.3:
                results.append(PatternResult(
                    name="Long-Legged Doji", category="single", direction="neutral",
                    reliability=0.60, index=idx,
                    description="Equal long shadows on both sides. Indicates extreme indecision — high volatility expected.",
                    trading_styles=["scalping", "intraday", "swing", "options", "futures", "forex", "crypto", "commodities"],
                    details={"body_ratio": round(br, 4)}
                ))
            else:
                results.append(PatternResult(
                    name="Doji", category="single", direction="neutral",
                    reliability=0.55, index=idx,
                    description="Open equals close. Market indecision — potential reversal signal when confirmed.",
                    trading_styles=["scalping", "intraday", "swing", "forex", "crypto"],
                    details={"body_ratio": round(br, 4)}
                ))

        # 2. Hammer — small body at top, long lower shadow (>2x body)
        if br < 0.35 and ls >= body * 2 and us < body * 0.5 and body > 0:
            results.append(PatternResult(
                name="Hammer", category="single", direction="bullish",
                reliability=0.75, index=idx,
                description="Small body at top, long lower shadow. Classic bullish reversal pattern at support levels.",
                    trading_styles=["scalping", "intraday", "swing", "positional", "options", "futures", "forex", "crypto", "commodities"],
                    details={"body_ratio": round(br, 4), "shadow_body_ratio": round(ls/body, 2) if body > 0 else 0}
            ))

        # 3. Hanging Man — same shape as hammer but at top of uptrend
        if br < 0.35 and ls >= body * 2 and us < body * 0.5 and body > 0:
            # Differentiated from hammer by context (checked in multi-candle)
            results.append(PatternResult(
                name="Hanging Man", category="single", direction="bearish",
                reliability=0.65, index=idx,
                description="Hammer shape at top of uptrend. Warns of potential trend reversal downward.",
                trading_styles=["intraday", "swing", "positional", "options", "futures", "forex", "crypto"],
                details={"body_ratio": round(br, 4)}
            ))

        # 4. Inverted Hammer — small body at bottom, long upper shadow
        if br < 0.35 and us >= body * 2 and ls < body * 0.5 and body > 0:
            results.append(PatternResult(
                name="Inverted Hammer", category="single", direction="bullish",
                reliability=0.65, index=idx,
                description="Small body at bottom, long upper shadow. Bullish reversal candidate requiring confirmation.",
                trading_styles=["scalping", "intraday", "swing", "options", "forex", "crypto"],
                details={"body_ratio": round(br, 4)}
            ))

        # 5. Shooting Star — small body at bottom, long upper shadow (bearish)
        if br < 0.35 and us >= body * 2 and ls < body * 0.5 and body > 0:
            results.append(PatternResult(
                name="Shooting Star", category="single", direction="bearish",
                reliability=0.72, index=idx,
                description="Small body near low, long upper shadow. Strong bearish reversal at resistance.",
                    trading_styles=["scalping", "intraday", "swing", "positional", "options", "futures", "forex", "crypto", "commodities"],
                    details={"body_ratio": round(br, 4)}
            ))

        # 6. Marubozu (Bullish) — large body, almost no shadows
        if br > 0.90 and bullish:
            results.append(PatternResult(
                name="Bullish Marubozu", category="single", direction="bullish",
                reliability=0.78, index=idx,
                description="Full bullish candle with no or tiny shadows. Extreme buying pressure, strong continuation signal.",
                trading_styles=["scalping", "intraday", "swing", "positional", "futures", "forex", "crypto", "commodities"],
                details={"body_ratio": round(br, 4)}
            ))

        # 7. Marubozu (Bearish)
        if br > 0.90 and bearish:
            results.append(PatternResult(
                name="Bearish Marubozu", category="single", direction="bearish",
                reliability=0.78, index=idx,
                description="Full bearish candle with no or tiny shadows. Extreme selling pressure, strong continuation signal.",
                trading_styles=["scalping", "intraday", "swing", "positional", "futures", "forex", "crypto", "commodities"],
                details={"body_ratio": round(br, 4)}
            ))

        # 8. Spinning Top — small body, shadows on both sides
        if 0.05 <= br <= 0.35 and us > body * 0.5 and ls > body * 0.5 and body > 0:
            results.append(PatternResult(
                name="Spinning Top", category="single", direction="neutral",
                reliability=0.45, index=idx,
                description="Small body with shadows on both sides. Indecision between buyers and sellers.",
                trading_styles=["scalping", "intraday", "swing", "forex", "crypto"],
                details={"body_ratio": round(br, 4)}
            ))

        # 9. High Wave Candle — very small body, very long shadows
        if br < 0.15 and us > rng * 0.35 and ls > rng * 0.35:
            results.append(PatternResult(
                name="High Wave Candle", category="single", direction="neutral",
                reliability=0.55, index=idx,
                description="Tiny body with extremely long shadows. Signals major indecision and potential reversal.",
                    trading_styles=["intraday", "swing", "options", "futures", "forex", "crypto"],
                    details={"body_ratio": round(br, 4)}
            ))

        # 10. Belt Hold (Bullish) — opens at low, closes near high, large body
        if bullish and br > 0.6 and ls < rng * 0.05 and body > avg_b * 1.2:
            results.append(PatternResult(
                name="Bullish Belt Hold", category="single", direction="bullish",
                reliability=0.68, index=idx,
                description="Opens at/near low, strong close near high. Powerful bullish opening signal.",
                    trading_styles=["intraday", "swing", "positional", "futures", "forex", "crypto", "commodities"],
                    details={"body_ratio": round(br, 4), "body_vs_avg": round(body/avg_b, 2) if avg_b > 0 else 0}
            ))

        # 11. Belt Hold (Bearish)
        if bearish and br > 0.6 and us < rng * 0.05 and body > avg_b * 1.2:
            results.append(PatternResult(
                name="Bearish Belt Hold", category="single", direction="bearish",
                reliability=0.68, index=idx,
                description="Opens at/near high, closes near low. Strong bearish opening signal.",
                trading_styles=["intraday", "swing", "positional", "futures", "forex", "crypto", "commodities"],
                details={"body_ratio": round(br, 4)}
            ))

        return results


# ── Multi-Candle Patterns ────────────────────────────────────────────────

class MultiCandleDetector:
    """Detect multi-candle patterns (2-5 candle formations)."""

    @staticmethod
    def detect(df: pd.DataFrame, idx: int, avg_b: float) -> List[PatternResult]:
        results: List[PatternResult] = []
        if idx < 2 or idx >= len(df):
            return results

        c0 = df.iloc[idx]      # current candle
        c1 = df.iloc[idx - 1]  # previous candle
        c2 = df.iloc[idx - 2] if idx >= 2 else None

        o0, h0, l0, close0 = c0["Open"], c0["High"], c0["Low"], c0["Close"]
        o1, h1, l1, close1 = c1["Open"], c1["High"], c1["Low"], c1["Close"]

        body0 = _body(o0, close0)
        body1 = _body(o1, close1)
        rng0 = _range(h0, l0)
        rng1 = _range(h1, l1)

        # 1. Bullish Engulfing
        if _is_bearish(o1, close1) and _is_bullish(o0, close0):
            if o0 <= close1 and close0 >= o1 and body0 > body1:
                results.append(PatternResult(
                    name="Bullish Engulfing", category="multi", direction="bullish",
                    reliability=0.82, index=idx,
                    description="Bullish candle completely engulfs prior bearish candle. One of the strongest reversal patterns.",
                    trading_styles=["scalping", "intraday", "swing", "positional", "options", "futures", "forex", "crypto", "commodities"],
                    details={"engulfing_ratio": round(body0/body1, 2) if body1 > 0 else 0}
                ))

        # 2. Bearish Engulfing
        if _is_bullish(o1, close1) and _is_bearish(o0, close0):
            if o0 >= close1 and close0 <= o1 and body0 > body1:
                results.append(PatternResult(
                    name="Bearish Engulfing", category="multi", direction="bearish",
                    reliability=0.82, index=idx,
                    description="Bearish candle completely engulfs prior bullish candle. Strong bearish reversal pattern.",
                    trading_styles=["scalping", "intraday", "swing", "positional", "options", "futures", "forex", "crypto", "commodities"],
                    details={"engulfing_ratio": round(body0/body1, 2) if body1 > 0 else 0}
                ))

        # 3. Bullish Harami
        if _is_bearish(o1, close1) and _is_bullish(o0, close0):
            if o0 >= close1 and close0 <= o1 and body0 < body1 * 0.6:
                results.append(PatternResult(
                    name="Bullish Harami", category="multi", direction="bullish",
                    reliability=0.62, index=idx,
                    description="Small bullish candle contained within prior bearish candle. Potential trend reversal.",
                    trading_styles=["scalping", "intraday", "swing", "options", "forex", "crypto"],
                    details={"containment_ratio": round(body0/body1, 2) if body1 > 0 else 0}
                ))

        # 4. Bearish Harami
        if _is_bullish(o1, close1) and _is_bearish(o0, close0):
            if o0 <= close1 and close0 >= o1 and body0 < body1 * 0.6:
                results.append(PatternResult(
                    name="Bearish Harami", category="multi", direction="bearish",
                    reliability=0.62, index=idx,
                    description="Small bearish candle contained within prior bullish candle. Potential trend reversal.",
                    trading_styles=["scalping", "intraday", "swing", "options", "forex", "crypto"],
                    details={"containment_ratio": round(body0/body1, 2) if body1 > 0 else 0}
                ))

        # 5. Piercing Line
        if _is_bearish(o1, close1) and _is_bullish(o0, close0):
            mid1 = (o1 + close1) / 2
            if o0 < close1 and close0 > mid1 and close0 < o1:
                results.append(PatternResult(
                    name="Piercing Line", category="multi", direction="bullish",
                    reliability=0.70, index=idx,
                    description="Opens below prior close, closes above prior midpoint. Bullish reversal pattern.",
                    trading_styles=["intraday", "swing", "positional", "futures", "forex", "crypto", "commodities"],
                    details={"penetration_pct": round((close0 - close1) / body1 * 100, 1) if body1 > 0 else 0}
                ))

        # 6. Dark Cloud Cover
        if _is_bullish(o1, close1) and _is_bearish(o0, close0):
            mid1 = (o1 + close1) / 2
            if o0 > close1 and close0 < mid1 and close0 > o1:
                results.append(PatternResult(
                    name="Dark Cloud Cover", category="multi", direction="bearish",
                    reliability=0.70, index=idx,
                    description="Opens above prior close, closes below prior midpoint. Bearish reversal signal.",
                    trading_styles=["intraday", "swing", "positional", "options", "futures", "forex", "crypto", "commodities"],
                    details={"penetration_pct": round((close1 - close0) / body1 * 100, 1) if body1 > 0 else 0}
                ))

        # 7. Tweezer Top
        if abs(h0 - h1) / (rng1 + 1e-8) < 0.02:
            if _is_bullish(o1, close1) and _is_bearish(o0, close0):
                results.append(PatternResult(
                    name="Tweezer Top", category="multi", direction="bearish",
                    reliability=0.68, index=idx,
                    description="Two candles with matching highs. Resistance confirmed, bearish reversal likely.",
                    trading_styles=["intraday", "swing", "options", "futures", "forex", "crypto"],
                    details={"high_diff_pct": round(abs(h0 - h1) / h1 * 100, 4) if h1 > 0 else 0}
                ))

        # 8. Tweezer Bottom
        if abs(l0 - l1) / (rng1 + 1e-8) < 0.02:
            if _is_bearish(o1, close1) and _is_bullish(o0, close0):
                results.append(PatternResult(
                    name="Tweezer Bottom", category="multi", direction="bullish",
                    reliability=0.68, index=idx,
                    description="Two candles with matching lows. Support confirmed, bullish reversal likely.",
                    trading_styles=["intraday", "swing", "options", "futures", "forex", "crypto"],
                    details={"low_diff_pct": round(abs(l0 - l1) / l1 * 100, 4) if l1 > 0 else 0}
                ))

        # Three-candle patterns (need c2)
        if c2 is not None:
            o2, h2, l2, close2 = c2["Open"], c2["High"], c2["Low"], c2["Close"]
            body2 = _body(o2, close2)

            # 9. Morning Star
            if (_is_bearish(o2, close2) and body2 > avg_b * 0.5
                    and body1 < avg_b * 0.3  # small middle candle
                    and _is_bullish(o0, close0) and body0 > avg_b * 0.5
                    and close0 > (o2 + close2) / 2):
                results.append(PatternResult(
                    name="Morning Star", category="multi", direction="bullish",
                    reliability=0.85, index=idx,
                    description="Three-candle reversal: bearish, small indecision, strong bullish. One of the most reliable bullish reversals.",
                    trading_styles=["intraday", "swing", "positional", "options", "futures", "forex", "crypto", "commodities"],
                    details={"middle_body_ratio": round(body1/avg_b, 2) if avg_b > 0 else 0}
                ))

            # 10. Evening Star
            if (_is_bullish(o2, close2) and body2 > avg_b * 0.5
                    and body1 < avg_b * 0.3
                    and _is_bearish(o0, close0) and body0 > avg_b * 0.5
                    and close0 < (o2 + close2) / 2):
                results.append(PatternResult(
                    name="Evening Star", category="multi", direction="bearish",
                    reliability=0.85, index=idx,
                    description="Three-candle reversal: bullish, small indecision, strong bearish. One of the most reliable bearish reversals.",
                    trading_styles=["intraday", "swing", "positional", "options", "futures", "forex", "crypto", "commodities"],
                    details={"middle_body_ratio": round(body1/avg_b, 2) if avg_b > 0 else 0}
                ))

            # 11. Three White Soldiers
            if (all(_is_bullish(df.iloc[idx-j]["Open"], df.iloc[idx-j]["Close"]) for j in range(3))
                    and close0 > close1 > close2
                    and all(_body(df.iloc[idx-j]["Open"], df.iloc[idx-j]["Close"]) > avg_b * 0.4 for j in range(3))):
                results.append(PatternResult(
                    name="Three White Soldiers", category="multi", direction="bullish",
                    reliability=0.80, index=idx,
                    description="Three consecutive large bullish candles with higher closes. Strong uptrend continuation.",
                    trading_styles=["swing", "positional", "futures", "forex", "crypto", "commodities"],
                    details={"avg_body_size": round(np.mean([body0, body1, body2]), 2)}
                ))

            # 12. Three Black Crows
            if (all(_is_bearish(df.iloc[idx-j]["Open"], df.iloc[idx-j]["Close"]) for j in range(3))
                    and close0 < close1 < close2
                    and all(_body(df.iloc[idx-j]["Open"], df.iloc[idx-j]["Close"]) > avg_b * 0.4 for j in range(3))):
                results.append(PatternResult(
                    name="Three Black Crows", category="multi", direction="bearish",
                    reliability=0.80, index=idx,
                    description="Three consecutive large bearish candles with lower closes. Strong downtrend continuation.",
                    trading_styles=["swing", "positional", "futures", "forex", "crypto", "commodities"],
                    details={"avg_body_size": round(np.mean([body0, body1, body2]), 2)}
                ))

            # 13. Three Inside Up
            if (_is_bearish(o2, close2) and body2 > avg_b * 0.6
                    and _is_bullish(o1, close1)
                    and o1 >= close2 and close1 <= o2
                    and _is_bullish(o0, close0) and close0 > o2):
                results.append(PatternResult(
                    name="Three Inside Up", category="multi", direction="bullish",
                    reliability=0.76, index=idx,
                    description="Harami pattern confirmed by third bullish candle closing above first candle. Strong bullish reversal.",
                    trading_styles=["intraday", "swing", "positional", "options", "futures", "forex", "crypto"],
                    details={}
                ))

            # 14. Three Inside Down
            if (_is_bullish(o2, close2) and body2 > avg_b * 0.6
                    and _is_bearish(o1, close1)
                    and o1 <= close2 and close1 >= o2
                    and _is_bearish(o0, close0) and close0 < o2):
                results.append(PatternResult(
                    name="Three Inside Down", category="multi", direction="bearish",
                    reliability=0.76, index=idx,
                    description="Harami pattern confirmed by third bearish candle closing below first candle. Strong bearish reversal.",
                    trading_styles=["intraday", "swing", "positional", "options", "futures", "forex", "crypto"],
                    details={}
                ))

            # 15. Abandoned Baby (Bullish)
            if (_is_bearish(o2, close2)
                    and h1 < l2 and h1 < l0  # gap isolation
                    and body1 < avg_b * 0.15
                    and _is_bullish(o0, close0)):
                results.append(PatternResult(
                    name="Bullish Abandoned Baby", category="multi", direction="bullish",
                    reliability=0.88, index=idx,
                    description="Isolated doji gapped below prior and next candles. Extremely rare and reliable bullish reversal.",
                    trading_styles=["swing", "positional", "options", "futures", "forex", "crypto"],
                    details={}
                ))

            # 16. Abandoned Baby (Bearish)
            if (_is_bullish(o2, close2)
                    and l1 > h2 and l1 > h0
                    and body1 < avg_b * 0.15
                    and _is_bearish(o0, close0)):
                results.append(PatternResult(
                    name="Bearish Abandoned Baby", category="multi", direction="bearish",
                    reliability=0.88, index=idx,
                    description="Isolated doji gapped above prior and next candles. Extremely rare and reliable bearish reversal.",
                    trading_styles=["swing", "positional", "options", "futures", "forex", "crypto"],
                    details={}
                ))

        return results


# ── Complex Chart Patterns ───────────────────────────────────────────────

class ComplexPatternDetector:
    """Detect multi-bar chart patterns using rolling window analysis."""

    @staticmethod
    def detect(df: pd.DataFrame, window: int = 20) -> List[PatternResult]:
        results: List[PatternResult] = []
        if len(df) < window + 5:
            return results

        highs = df["High"].values
        lows = df["Low"].values
        closes = df["Close"].values
        n = len(df)

        # Scan from window onward
        for i in range(window, n):
            segment_h = highs[i - window:i + 1]
            segment_l = lows[i - window:i + 1]
            segment_c = closes[i - window:i + 1]

            # Double Top
            peaks = []
            for j in range(2, len(segment_h) - 2):
                if segment_h[j] > segment_h[j-1] and segment_h[j] > segment_h[j-2] \
                   and segment_h[j] > segment_h[j+1] and segment_h[j] > segment_h[j+2]:
                    peaks.append((j, segment_h[j]))

            if len(peaks) >= 2:
                p1, p2 = peaks[-2], peaks[-1]
                if abs(p1[1] - p2[1]) / p1[1] < 0.02 and p2[0] - p1[0] >= 5:
                    trough = min(segment_l[p1[0]:p2[0]+1])
                    if segment_c[-1] < trough:
                        results.append(PatternResult(
                            name="Double Top", category="complex", direction="bearish",
                            reliability=0.78, index=i,
                            description="Two peaks at similar levels followed by neckline breakdown. Strong bearish reversal.",
                            trading_styles=["swing", "positional", "options", "futures", "forex", "crypto", "commodities"],
                            details={"peak_diff_pct": round(abs(p1[1]-p2[1])/p1[1]*100, 2)}
                        ))

            # Double Bottom
            troughs = []
            for j in range(2, len(segment_l) - 2):
                if segment_l[j] < segment_l[j-1] and segment_l[j] < segment_l[j-2] \
                   and segment_l[j] < segment_l[j+1] and segment_l[j] < segment_l[j+2]:
                    troughs.append((j, segment_l[j]))

            if len(troughs) >= 2:
                t1, t2 = troughs[-2], troughs[-1]
                if abs(t1[1] - t2[1]) / t1[1] < 0.02 and t2[0] - t1[0] >= 5:
                    peak = max(segment_h[t1[0]:t2[0]+1])
                    if segment_c[-1] > peak:
                        results.append(PatternResult(
                            name="Double Bottom", category="complex", direction="bullish",
                            reliability=0.78, index=i,
                            description="Two troughs at similar levels followed by neckline breakout. Strong bullish reversal.",
                            trading_styles=["swing", "positional", "options", "futures", "forex", "crypto", "commodities"],
                            details={"trough_diff_pct": round(abs(t1[1]-t2[1])/t1[1]*100, 2)}
                        ))

            # Rising Wedge (bearish)
            if len(segment_c) >= 10:
                upper_slope = np.polyfit(range(len(segment_h)), segment_h, 1)[0]
                lower_slope = np.polyfit(range(len(segment_l)), segment_l, 1)[0]
                if upper_slope > 0 and lower_slope > 0 and lower_slope > upper_slope * 0.5:
                    if upper_slope < lower_slope * 1.5:  # converging
                        results.append(PatternResult(
                            name="Rising Wedge", category="complex", direction="bearish",
                            reliability=0.72, index=i,
                            description="Price making higher highs and higher lows in converging channel. Typically breaks down.",
                            trading_styles=["swing", "positional", "options", "futures", "forex", "crypto", "commodities"],
                            details={"upper_slope": round(upper_slope, 6), "lower_slope": round(lower_slope, 6)}
                        ))

            # Falling Wedge (bullish)
            if len(segment_c) >= 10:
                upper_slope = np.polyfit(range(len(segment_h)), segment_h, 1)[0]
                lower_slope = np.polyfit(range(len(segment_l)), segment_l, 1)[0]
                if upper_slope < 0 and lower_slope < 0 and upper_slope > lower_slope * 0.5:
                    if lower_slope < upper_slope * 1.5:  # converging
                        results.append(PatternResult(
                            name="Falling Wedge", category="complex", direction="bullish",
                            reliability=0.72, index=i,
                            description="Price making lower highs and lower lows in converging channel. Typically breaks upward.",
                            trading_styles=["swing", "positional", "options", "futures", "forex", "crypto", "commodities"],
                            details={"upper_slope": round(upper_slope, 6), "lower_slope": round(lower_slope, 6)}
                        ))

            # Bull Flag
            if i >= 30:
                pre_flag = closes[i-30:i-10]
                flag_body = closes[i-10:i+1]
                if len(pre_flag) >= 10 and len(flag_body) >= 5:
                    pre_ret = (pre_flag[-1] - pre_flag[0]) / pre_flag[0] if pre_flag[0] > 0 else 0
                    flag_slope = np.polyfit(range(len(flag_body)), flag_body, 1)[0]
                    flag_range = (max(flag_body) - min(flag_body)) / min(flag_body) if min(flag_body) > 0 else 0
                    if pre_ret > 0.05 and flag_slope < 0 and flag_range < 0.05:
                        results.append(PatternResult(
                            name="Bull Flag", category="complex", direction="bullish",
                            reliability=0.70, index=i,
                            description="Strong upward move (pole) followed by slight downward consolidation (flag). Continuation pattern.",
                            trading_styles=["scalping", "intraday", "swing", "options", "futures", "forex", "crypto"],
                            details={"pole_return_pct": round(pre_ret * 100, 2), "flag_range_pct": round(flag_range * 100, 2)}
                        ))

            # Bear Flag
            if i >= 30:
                pre_flag = closes[i-30:i-10]
                flag_body = closes[i-10:i+1]
                if len(pre_flag) >= 10 and len(flag_body) >= 5:
                    pre_ret = (pre_flag[-1] - pre_flag[0]) / pre_flag[0] if pre_flag[0] > 0 else 0
                    flag_slope = np.polyfit(range(len(flag_body)), flag_body, 1)[0]
                    flag_range = (max(flag_body) - min(flag_body)) / min(flag_body) if min(flag_body) > 0 else 0
                    if pre_ret < -0.05 and flag_slope > 0 and flag_range < 0.05:
                        results.append(PatternResult(
                            name="Bear Flag", category="complex", direction="bearish",
                            reliability=0.70, index=i,
                            description="Strong downward move (pole) followed by slight upward consolidation (flag). Bearish continuation.",
                            trading_styles=["scalping", "intraday", "swing", "options", "futures", "forex", "crypto"],
                            details={"pole_return_pct": round(pre_ret * 100, 2)}
                        ))

        # Deduplicate: keep only the last occurrence of each pattern
        seen = {}
        for r in results:
            seen[r.name] = r
        return list(seen.values())


# ── Master Detector ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────

class CandlestickPatternDetector:
    """
    Master pattern detector — runs all sub-detectors and returns
    a unified list of detected patterns sorted by reliability.
    """

    def __init__(self):
        self.single = SingleCandleDetector()
        self.multi = MultiCandleDetector()
        self.complex = ComplexPatternDetector()

    def detect_all(
        self,
        df: pd.DataFrame,
        lookback: int = 5,
    ) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
        """
        Detect all patterns in the most recent `lookback` candles.

        Returns list of pattern dicts sorted by reliability (highest first).
        """
        if df.empty or len(df) < 5:
            return []

        all_patterns: List[PatternResult] = []
        n = len(df)
        start = max(0, n - lookback)

        for idx in range(start, n):
            avg_b = _avg_body(df, idx)

            # Single-candle
            all_patterns.extend(self.single.detect(df, idx, avg_b))
            # Multi-candle
            all_patterns.extend(self.multi.detect(df, idx, avg_b))

        # Complex chart patterns (use wider window)
        all_patterns.extend(self.complex.detect(df, window=min(30, len(df) - 5)))

        # Deduplicate by name (keep highest reliability instance)
        best: Dict[str, PatternResult] = {}
        for p in all_patterns:
            if p.name not in best or p.reliability > best[p.name].reliability:
                best[p.name] = p

        # Sort by reliability descending
        sorted_patterns = sorted(best.values(), key=lambda x: x.reliability, reverse=True)

        return [p.to_dict() for p in sorted_patterns]

    def get_pattern_catalog(self) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
        """Return catalog of all 35+ supported patterns."""
        catalog = [
            # Single-candle (12)
            {"name": "Doji", "category": "single", "direction": "neutral", "reliability": 0.55, "description": "Open equals close. Market indecision signal."},
            {"name": "Dragonfly Doji", "category": "single", "direction": "bullish", "reliability": 0.72, "description": "Open/close at high with long lower shadow. Bullish reversal."},
            {"name": "Gravestone Doji", "category": "single", "direction": "bearish", "reliability": 0.71, "description": "Open/close at low with long upper shadow. Bearish reversal."},
            {"name": "Long-Legged Doji", "category": "single", "direction": "neutral", "reliability": 0.60, "description": "Equal long shadows. Extreme indecision."},
            {"name": "Hammer", "category": "single", "direction": "bullish", "reliability": 0.75, "description": "Small body at top, long lower shadow. Classic bullish reversal."},
            {"name": "Hanging Man", "category": "single", "direction": "bearish", "reliability": 0.65, "description": "Hammer at top of uptrend. Bearish warning."},
            {"name": "Inverted Hammer", "category": "single", "direction": "bullish", "reliability": 0.65, "description": "Small body at bottom, long upper shadow. Bullish reversal."},
            {"name": "Shooting Star", "category": "single", "direction": "bearish", "reliability": 0.72, "description": "Small body near low, long upper shadow. Bearish reversal."},
            {"name": "Bullish Marubozu", "category": "single", "direction": "bullish", "reliability": 0.78, "description": "Full bullish body, no shadows. Strong buying pressure."},
            {"name": "Bearish Marubozu", "category": "single", "direction": "bearish", "reliability": 0.78, "description": "Full bearish body, no shadows. Strong selling pressure."},
            {"name": "Spinning Top", "category": "single", "direction": "neutral", "reliability": 0.45, "description": "Small body, shadows on both sides. Indecision."},
            {"name": "High Wave Candle", "category": "single", "direction": "neutral", "reliability": 0.55, "description": "Tiny body, very long shadows. Major indecision."},
            {"name": "Bullish Belt Hold", "category": "single", "direction": "bullish", "reliability": 0.68, "description": "Opens at low, strong close near high."},
            {"name": "Bearish Belt Hold", "category": "single", "direction": "bearish", "reliability": 0.68, "description": "Opens at high, closes near low."},
            # Multi-candle (16)
            {"name": "Bullish Engulfing", "category": "multi", "direction": "bullish", "reliability": 0.82, "description": "Bullish candle engulfs prior bearish. Strong reversal."},
            {"name": "Bearish Engulfing", "category": "multi", "direction": "bearish", "reliability": 0.82, "description": "Bearish candle engulfs prior bullish. Strong reversal."},
            {"name": "Bullish Harami", "category": "multi", "direction": "bullish", "reliability": 0.62, "description": "Small bullish inside prior bearish. Reversal."},
            {"name": "Bearish Harami", "category": "multi", "direction": "bearish", "reliability": 0.62, "description": "Small bearish inside prior bullish. Reversal."},
            {"name": "Piercing Line", "category": "multi", "direction": "bullish", "reliability": 0.70, "description": "Opens below, closes above prior midpoint."},
            {"name": "Dark Cloud Cover", "category": "multi", "direction": "bearish", "reliability": 0.70, "description": "Opens above, closes below prior midpoint."},
            {"name": "Tweezer Top", "category": "multi", "direction": "bearish", "reliability": 0.68, "description": "Matching highs confirm resistance."},
            {"name": "Tweezer Bottom", "category": "multi", "direction": "bullish", "reliability": 0.68, "description": "Matching lows confirm support."},
            {"name": "Morning Star", "category": "multi", "direction": "bullish", "reliability": 0.85, "description": "Three-candle bullish reversal. Highly reliable."},
            {"name": "Evening Star", "category": "multi", "direction": "bearish", "reliability": 0.85, "description": "Three-candle bearish reversal. Highly reliable."},
            {"name": "Three White Soldiers", "category": "multi", "direction": "bullish", "reliability": 0.80, "description": "Three strong bullish candles. Uptrend continuation."},
            {"name": "Three Black Crows", "category": "multi", "direction": "bearish", "reliability": 0.80, "description": "Three strong bearish candles. Downtrend continuation."},
            {"name": "Three Inside Up", "category": "multi", "direction": "bullish", "reliability": 0.76, "description": "Confirmed harami breakout. Bullish."},
            {"name": "Three Inside Down", "category": "multi", "direction": "bearish", "reliability": 0.76, "description": "Confirmed harami breakdown. Bearish."},
            {"name": "Bullish Abandoned Baby", "category": "multi", "direction": "bullish", "reliability": 0.88, "description": "Isolated doji gap. Extremely rare, very bullish."},
            {"name": "Bearish Abandoned Baby", "category": "multi", "direction": "bearish", "reliability": 0.88, "description": "Isolated doji gap. Extremely rare, very bearish."},
            # Complex (6)
            {"name": "Double Top", "category": "complex", "direction": "bearish", "reliability": 0.78, "description": "Two peaks at same level, neckline breakdown."},
            {"name": "Double Bottom", "category": "complex", "direction": "bullish", "reliability": 0.78, "description": "Two troughs at same level, neckline breakout."},
            {"name": "Rising Wedge", "category": "complex", "direction": "bearish", "reliability": 0.72, "description": "Converging uptrend channel. Typically breaks down."},
            {"name": "Falling Wedge", "category": "complex", "direction": "bullish", "reliability": 0.72, "description": "Converging downtrend channel. Typically breaks up."},
            {"name": "Bull Flag", "category": "complex", "direction": "bullish", "reliability": 0.70, "description": "Strong up-move then slight consolidation. Continuation."},
            {"name": "Bear Flag", "category": "complex", "direction": "bearish", "reliability": 0.70, "description": "Strong down-move then slight consolidation. Continuation."},
        ]
        return catalog


# Module singleton
pattern_detector = CandlestickPatternDetector()