"""
Audio I/O utilities: Read, write, and validate audio files.

Handles m4a and wav formats with format validation and error handling.
"""

import logging
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Optional, Tuple

import numpy as np

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class AudioIOError(Exception):
    """Custom exception for audio I/O errors."""

    pass


def read_audio(file_path: str, target_sr: Optional[int] = None) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, int]:
    """
    Read audio file and return waveform and sample rate.

    Supports m4a and wav formats. Automatically converts to mono if stereo.

    Args:
        file_path: Path to audio file
        target_sr: Target sample rate (resamples if different), None = keep original

    Returns:
        Tuple of (audio_array, sample_rate)
        - audio_array: 1D numpy array of audio samples (float32, mono)
        - sample_rate: Sample rate in Hz

    Raises:
        AudioIOError: If file cannot be read or format is invalid
    """
    import subprocess
    import tempfile

    import soundfile as sf

    file_path = Path(file_path)

    if not file_path.exists():
        raise AudioIOError(f"Audio file not found: {file_path}")

    try:
        # Try reading directly with soundfile
        audio, sr = sf.read(str(file_path), dtype="float32")

    except Exception as e:
        # If M4A/AAC format not recognized, convert to WAV using FFmpeg
        if file_path.suffix.lower() in [".m4a", ".aac", ".mp4"]:
            logger.debug(f"Converting {file_path.suffix} to WAV for reading...")

            # Create temporary WAV file
            with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".wav", delete=False) as tmp_wav:
                tmp_wav_path = tmp_wav.name

            try:
                # Convert M4A to WAV using FFmpeg
                target_rate = target_sr if target_sr else 44100
                cmd = [
                    "ffmpeg",
                    "-i",
                    str(file_path),
                    "-ar",
                    str(target_rate),
                    "-ac",
                    "1",  # Mono
                    "-y",  # Overwrite
                    tmp_wav_path,
                ]

                result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, check=True)

                # Read the converted WAV file
                audio, sr = sf.read(tmp_wav_path, dtype="float32")

                logger.debug(f"Converted and read {file_path.name} via FFmpeg")

            finally:
                # Clean up temporary file
                if Path(tmp_wav_path).exists():
                    Path(tmp_wav_path).unlink()
        else:
            # Not an M4A file, re-raise the original error
            raise AudioIOError(f"Failed to read audio file {file_path}: {str(e)}")

    # Convert stereo to mono if needed (in case FFmpeg didn't do it)
    if audio.ndim > 1:
        audio = audio.mean(axis=1)

    # Resample if target sample rate specified and not already done
    if target_sr is not None and sr != target_sr:
        audio = resample_audio(audio, sr, target_sr)
        sr = target_sr

    logger.debug(f"Read audio: {file_path.name} ({len(audio) / sr:.1f}s at {sr}Hz)")
    return audio, sr


def write_audio(
    file_path: str, audio: np.ndarray, sample_rate: int, format: Optional[str] = None
) -> None:
    """
    Write audio array to file.

    Args:
        file_path: Output file path
        audio: Audio array (1D numpy array, float32)
        sample_rate: Sample rate in Hz
        format: Audio format ('wav', 'm4a', etc.), auto-detected from extension if None

    Raises:
        AudioIOError: If file cannot be written
    """
    import subprocess
    import tempfile

    import soundfile as sf

    file_path = Path(file_path)

    # Create output directory if needed
    file_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

    # Ensure audio is 1D
    if audio.ndim > 1:
        audio = audio.squeeze()

    # Auto-detect format from extension
    if format is None:
        format = file_path.suffix.lstrip(".")

    try:
        # Check if M4A/AAC format (not supported by soundfile)
        if format.lower() in ["m4a", "aac", "mp4"]:
            logger.debug(f"Converting to {format.upper()} via FFmpeg...")

            # Write to temporary WAV file first
            with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".wav", delete=False) as tmp_wav:
                tmp_wav_path = tmp_wav.name

            try:
                # Write WAV using soundfile
                sf.write(tmp_wav_path, audio, sample_rate, format="wav")

                # Convert WAV to M4A using FFmpeg
                # Clamp sample rate to M4A maximum (48kHz)
                output_sr = min(sample_rate, 48000)
                bitrate = "192k"  # Good quality for voice

                cmd = [
                    "ffmpeg",
                    "-i",
                    tmp_wav_path,
                    "-ar",
                    str(output_sr),
                    "-b:a",
                    bitrate,
                    "-c:a",
                    "aac",
                    "-y",  # Overwrite
                    str(file_path),
                ]

                result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, check=True)

                logger.debug(
                    f"Wrote audio: {file_path.name} ({len(audio) / sample_rate:.1f}s at {output_sr}Hz, {bitrate})"
                )

            finally:
                # Clean up temporary file
                if Path(tmp_wav_path).exists():
                    Path(tmp_wav_path).unlink()
        else:
            # Write directly with soundfile for WAV and other supported formats
            sf.write(str(file_path), audio, sample_rate, format=format)

            logger.debug(
                f"Wrote audio: {file_path.name} ({len(audio) / sample_rate:.1f}s at {sample_rate}Hz)"
            )

    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        raise AudioIOError(f"FFmpeg conversion failed for {file_path}: {e.stderr}")
    except Exception as e:
        raise AudioIOError(f"Failed to write audio file {file_path}: {str(e)}")


def validate_audio_file(file_path: str, min_duration: float = 0.1) -> Tuple[bool, Optional[str]]:
    """
    Validate that file is a readable audio file with comprehensive checks.

    Args:
        file_path: Path to audio file
        min_duration: Minimum duration in seconds (default: 0.1)

    Returns:
        Tuple of (is_valid, error_message)
        - is_valid: True if file is valid audio
        - error_message: Description of validation failure, None if valid
    """
    try:
        file_path = Path(file_path)

        # Check file exists
        if not file_path.exists():
            return False, f"File not found: {file_path}"

        # Check file is not empty
        if file_path.stat().st_size == 0:
            return False, f"File is empty: {file_path}"

        # Check file extension
        valid_extensions = {".m4a", ".wav", ".mp3", ".flac", ".ogg", ".aac", ".mp4"}
        if file_path.suffix.lower() not in valid_extensions:
            return (
                False,
                f"Unsupported format: {file_path.suffix}. Supported formats: {', '.join(valid_extensions)}",
            )

        # Try to read file metadata
        import subprocess

        import soundfile as sf

        try:
            # For M4A/AAC, use ffprobe for metadata
            if file_path.suffix.lower() in [".m4a", ".aac", ".mp4"]:
                result = subprocess.run(
                    [
                        "ffprobe",
                        "-v",
                        "error",
                        "-show_entries",
                        "format=duration,bit_rate:stream=codec_name,sample_rate,channels",
                        "-of",
                        "json",
                        str(file_path),
                    ],
                    capture_output=True,
                    text=True,
                    check=True,
                )

                import json

                probe_data = json.loads(result.stdout)

                if "format" not in probe_data or "duration" not in probe_data["format"]:
                    return False, f"Invalid audio file: Cannot read metadata"

                duration = float(probe_data["format"]["duration"])
                if duration < min_duration:
                    return False, f"Audio too short: {duration:.2f}s (minimum: {min_duration}s)"

            else:
                # For WAV and other formats, use soundfile
                info = sf.info(str(file_path))

                # Check basic properties
                if info.samplerate <= 0:
                    return False, f"Invalid sample rate: {info.samplerate}"

                if info.frames <= 0:
                    return False, f"No audio frames in file"

                duration = info.frames / info.samplerate
                if duration < min_duration:
                    return False, f"Audio too short: {duration:.2f}s (minimum: {min_duration}s)"

        except FileNotFoundError:
            return False, "FFmpeg/FFprobe not found. Please install FFmpeg for M4A support."
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            return False, f"Cannot read audio metadata: {e.stderr}"
        except Exception as e:
            return False, f"Invalid audio file: {str(e)}"

        return True, None

    except Exception as e:
        return False, f"Validation error: {str(e)}"


def get_audio_duration(file_path: str) -> float:
    """
    Get duration of audio file in seconds.

    Args:
        file_path: Path to audio file

    Returns:
        Duration in seconds

    Raises:
        AudioIOError: If file cannot be read
    """
    try:
        # For M4A/AAC files, use FFprobe since soundfile doesn't support them
        if Path(file_path).suffix.lower() in [".m4a", ".aac", ".mp4"]:
            import subprocess

            result = subprocess.run(
                [
                    "ffprobe",
                    "-v",
                    "error",
                    "-show_entries",
                    "format=duration",
                    "-of",
                    "default=noprint_wrappers=1:nokey=1",
                    str(file_path),
                ],
                capture_output=True,
                text=True,
                check=True,
            )
            return float(result.stdout.strip())
        else:
            # For WAV and other formats, use soundfile
            import soundfile as sf

            info = sf.info(str(file_path))
            return info.frames / info.samplerate

    except Exception as e:
        raise AudioIOError(f"Failed to get audio duration for {file_path}: {str(e)}")


def get_audio_info(file_path: str) -> dict:
    """
    Get detailed information about audio file.

    Args:
        file_path: Path to audio file

    Returns:
        Dictionary with keys: duration, sample_rate, channels, format, subtype

    Raises:
        AudioIOError: If file cannot be read
    """
    try:
        import soundfile as sf

        info = sf.info(str(file_path))

        return {
            "duration": info.frames / info.samplerate,
            "sample_rate": info.samplerate,
            "channels": info.channels,
            "format": info.format,
            "subtype": info.subtype,
            "frames": info.frames,
        }

    except Exception as e:
        raise AudioIOError(f"Failed to get audio info for {file_path}: {str(e)}")


def resample_audio(audio: np.ndarray, orig_sr: int, target_sr: int) -> np.ndarray:
    """
    Resample audio to target sample rate.

    Args:
        audio: Audio array
        orig_sr: Original sample rate
        target_sr: Target sample rate

    Returns:
        Resampled audio array
    """
    try:
        import librosa

        if orig_sr == target_sr:
            return audio

        resampled = librosa.resample(audio, orig_sr=orig_sr, target_sr=target_sr)
        return resampled

    except Exception as e:
        raise AudioIOError(f"Failed to resample audio: {str(e)}")


def normalize_audio(audio: np.ndarray, target_db: float = -20.0) -> np.ndarray:
    """
    Normalize audio to target dB level.

    Args:
        audio: Audio array
        target_db: Target level in dB (default: -20dB)

    Returns:
        Normalized audio array
    """
    # Calculate current RMS
    rms = np.sqrt(np.mean(audio**2))

    if rms == 0:
        return audio

    # Calculate target RMS from dB
    target_rms = 10 ** (target_db / 20)

    # Apply gain
    gain = target_rms / rms
    normalized = audio * gain

    # Prevent clipping
    max_val = np.abs(normalized).max()
    if max_val > 1.0:
        normalized = normalized / max_val * 0.99

    return normalized


def extract_segment(
    audio: np.ndarray, sample_rate: int, start_time: float, end_time: float
) -> np.ndarray:
    """
    Extract segment from audio array.

    Args:
        audio: Audio array
        sample_rate: Sample rate in Hz
        start_time: Start time in seconds
        end_time: End time in seconds

    Returns:
        Audio segment array
    """
    start_sample = int(start_time * sample_rate)
    end_sample = int(end_time * sample_rate)

    # Clamp to valid range
    start_sample = max(0, start_sample)
    end_sample = min(len(audio), end_sample)

    return audio[start_sample:end_sample]


def split_audio_chunks(
    audio: np.ndarray, sample_rate: int, chunk_duration: float, overlap: float = 0.0
) -> list:
    """
    Split audio into chunks for processing.

    Args:
        audio: Audio array
        sample_rate: Sample rate in Hz
        chunk_duration: Chunk duration in seconds
        overlap: Overlap between chunks in seconds

    Returns:
        List of (chunk_audio, start_time, end_time) tuples
    """
    chunk_samples = int(chunk_duration * sample_rate)
    overlap_samples = int(overlap * sample_rate)
    step_samples = chunk_samples - overlap_samples

    chunks = []
    position = 0

    while position < len(audio):
        chunk_end = min(position + chunk_samples, len(audio))
        chunk = audio[position:chunk_end]

        start_time = position / sample_rate
        end_time = chunk_end / sample_rate

        chunks.append((chunk, start_time, end_time))

        position += step_samples

        # Stop if we've reached the end
        if chunk_end >= len(audio):
            break

    return chunks


# ===== M4A/WAV Conversion Utilities (T007-T008) =====


def convert_m4a_to_wav(
    input_path: str, output_path: Optional[str] = None, sample_rate: int = 16000
) -> str:
    """
    Convert M4A/AAC audio file to WAV format using FFmpeg.

    This is required for pyannote.audio processing which expects WAV input.

    Args:
        input_path: Path to input M4A/AAC file
        output_path: Path for output WAV file (auto-generated if None)
        sample_rate: Target sample rate in Hz (default: 16000 for pyannote)

    Returns:
        Path to converted WAV file

    Raises:
        AudioIOError: If conversion fails or FFmpeg is not available
    """
    import subprocess
    from pathlib import Path

    input_path = Path(input_path)

    if not input_path.exists():
        raise AudioIOError(f"Input file not found: {input_path}")

    # Auto-generate output path if not provided
    if output_path is None:
        output_path = input_path.with_suffix(".wav")
    else:
        output_path = Path(output_path)

    # Create output directory if needed
    output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

    try:
        # Run FFmpeg conversion
        cmd = [
            "ffmpeg",
            "-i",
            str(input_path),
            "-ar",
            str(sample_rate),  # Resample to target rate
            "-ac",
            "1",  # Convert to mono
            "-y",  # Overwrite output
            str(output_path),
        ]

        result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, check=True)

        logger.info(f"Converted {input_path.name} to WAV at {sample_rate}Hz")
        return str(output_path)

    except FileNotFoundError:
        raise AudioIOError(
            "FFmpeg not found. Please install FFmpeg: https://ffmpeg.org/download.html"
        )
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        raise AudioIOError(f"FFmpeg conversion failed: {e.stderr}")


def convert_wav_to_m4a(
    input_path: str, output_path: str, sample_rate: int = 44100, bitrate: str = "192k"
) -> str:
    """
    Convert WAV audio file to M4A/AAC format using FFmpeg.

    Used for exporting final processed audio in M4A format.

    Args:
        input_path: Path to input WAV file
        output_path: Path for output M4A file
        sample_rate: Target sample rate in Hz (default: 44100, max 48000 for M4A)
        bitrate: Target bitrate (default: "192k")

    Returns:
        Path to converted M4A file

    Raises:
        AudioIOError: If conversion fails or FFmpeg is not available
    """
    import subprocess
    from pathlib import Path

    input_path = Path(input_path)
    output_path = Path(output_path)

    if not input_path.exists():
        raise AudioIOError(f"Input file not found: {input_path}")

    # Validate sample rate for M4A (max 48kHz)
    if sample_rate > 48000:
        logger.warning(f"Sample rate {sample_rate}Hz exceeds M4A limit, using 48000Hz")
        sample_rate = 48000

    # Create output directory if needed
    output_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

    try:
        # Run FFmpeg conversion
        cmd = [
            "ffmpeg",
            "-i",
            str(input_path),
            "-ar",
            str(sample_rate),  # Resample to target rate
            "-b:a",
            bitrate,  # Set bitrate
            "-c:a",
            "aac",  # Use AAC codec
            "-y",  # Overwrite output
            str(output_path),
        ]

        result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, check=True)

        logger.info(f"Converted {input_path.name} to M4A at {sample_rate}Hz, {bitrate}")
        return str(output_path)

    except FileNotFoundError:
        raise AudioIOError(
            "FFmpeg not found. Please install FFmpeg: https://ffmpeg.org/download.html"
        )
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        raise AudioIOError(f"FFmpeg conversion failed: {e.stderr}")


# ===== Audio Quality Validation (T009) =====


def validate_audio_quality(
    audio: np.ndarray, sample_rate: int, file_path: Optional[str] = None
) -> dict:
    """
    Validate audio quality and return metrics.

    Checks for issues like:
    - Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
    - Clipping/distortion
    - Duration requirements
    - RMS energy levels

    Args:
        audio: Audio array
        sample_rate: Sample rate in Hz
        file_path: Optional file path for logging

    Returns:
        Dictionary with quality metrics and validation results:
        {
            'snr_db': float,           # Signal-to-noise ratio in dB
            'is_clipped': bool,        # True if audio has clipping
            'clipping_ratio': float,   # Percentage of clipped samples
            'rms_energy': float,       # RMS energy level
            'is_too_quiet': bool,      # True if audio is too quiet
            'duration': float,         # Duration in seconds
            'is_valid': bool,          # Overall validation result
            'warnings': list,          # List of warning messages
        }
    """
    metrics = {"duration": len(audio) / sample_rate, "warnings": []}

    # Calculate SNR estimate
    noise_floor = np.percentile(np.abs(audio), 10)
    signal_peak = np.percentile(np.abs(audio), 90)
    snr_db = 20 * np.log10(signal_peak / (noise_floor + 1e-10))
    metrics["snr_db"] = float(snr_db)

    if snr_db < 15:
        metrics["warnings"].append(f"Low SNR ({snr_db:.1f} dB < 15 dB)")

    # Check for clipping
    clipping_threshold = 0.99
    clipped_samples = np.sum(np.abs(audio) > clipping_threshold)
    clipping_ratio = clipped_samples / len(audio)
    metrics["is_clipped"] = clipping_ratio > 0.01
    metrics["clipping_ratio"] = float(clipping_ratio)

    if metrics["is_clipped"]:
        metrics["warnings"].append(f"Audio has clipping ({clipping_ratio * 100:.1f}% of samples)")

    # Check RMS energy
    rms_energy = np.sqrt(np.mean(audio**2))
    metrics["rms_energy"] = float(rms_energy)
    metrics["is_too_quiet"] = rms_energy < 0.01

    if metrics["is_too_quiet"]:
        metrics["warnings"].append(f"Audio is too quiet (RMS: {rms_energy:.4f})")

    # Check duration
    if metrics["duration"] < 1.0:
        metrics["warnings"].append(f"Audio is very short ({metrics['duration']:.1f}s)")

    # Overall validation
    metrics["is_valid"] = (
        snr_db >= 10  # Minimum acceptable SNR
        and not metrics["is_clipped"]
        and not metrics["is_too_quiet"]
        and metrics["duration"] > 0.5
    )

    # Log results
    file_desc = f" for {file_path}" if file_path else ""
    if metrics["is_valid"]:
        logger.debug(f"Audio quality validation passed{file_desc}")
    else:
        logger.warning(
            f"Audio quality validation failed{file_desc}: " + ", ".join(metrics["warnings"])
        )

    return metrics