[
  {"keys": ["late blight", "phytophthora"], "type": "disease", "condition": "Late blight",
   "crops": "Tomato, Potato",
   "treatment": "Spray Mancozeb 0.25% or Chlorothalonil 0.2% at first symptoms; switch to Cymoxanil + Mancozeb if it spreads. Remove and destroy infected foliage.",
   "cultural": "Avoid overhead irrigation, ensure plant spacing/airflow, and don't work plants when wet."},
  {"keys": ["early blight", "alternaria"], "type": "disease", "condition": "Early blight",
   "crops": "Tomato, Potato",
   "treatment": "Spray Mancozeb 0.25% or Azoxystrobin at first concentric-ring spots; repeat 10-12 days. Remove lower infected leaves.",
   "cultural": "Mulch to stop soil splash; rotate with non-solanaceous crops; balance nitrogen."},
  {"keys": ["bacterial spot", "bacterial blight", "xanthomonas"], "type": "disease",
   "condition": "Bacterial spot/blight", "crops": "Tomato, Cotton, Rice",
   "treatment": "Copper oxychloride 0.3% sprays (add Streptocycline where permitted). Use certified disease-free seed.",
   "cultural": "Avoid working fields when wet; remove and burn infected debris."},
  {"keys": ["leaf curl", "mosaic", "virus"], "type": "disease", "condition": "Viral leaf curl / mosaic",
   "crops": "Tomato, Chilli, Cotton",
   "treatment": "No chemical cure for the virus — rogue out and destroy infected plants. Control the whitefly/aphid VECTORS (yellow sticky traps; need-based Imidacloprid/Diafenthiuron).",
   "cultural": "Use resistant varieties and virus-free seedlings; maintain a weed-free border."},
  {"keys": ["powdery mildew"], "type": "disease", "condition": "Powdery mildew", "crops": "Many",
   "treatment": "Spray wettable sulphur 0.2% or Dinocap/Hexaconazole at first white patches; repeat as needed.",
   "cultural": "Improve airflow, avoid excess nitrogen, and remove severely affected leaves."},
  {"keys": ["downy mildew"], "type": "disease", "condition": "Downy mildew", "crops": "Many",
   "treatment": "Spray Metalaxyl + Mancozeb on appearance of yellow angular patches with downy growth.",
   "cultural": "Improve drainage and spacing; avoid evening irrigation."},
  {"keys": ["rust", "puccinia"], "type": "disease", "condition": "Rust", "crops": "Wheat, many",
   "treatment": "Spray Propiconazole 0.1% at first pustules; repeat after 15 days if needed.",
   "cultural": "Grow rust-resistant varieties; remove volunteer/host plants."},
  {"keys": ["blast", "sheath blight"], "type": "disease", "condition": "Blast / sheath blight",
   "crops": "Paddy",
   "treatment": "Spray Tricyclazole (blast) or Carbendazim/Hexaconazole (sheath blight) at early symptoms.",
   "cultural": "Avoid excess nitrogen, drain the field periodically, and use resistant varieties."},
  {"keys": ["anthracnose", "colletotrichum"], "type": "disease", "condition": "Anthracnose",
   "crops": "Fruit, vegetables",
   "treatment": "Spray Carbendazim or Mancozeb; remove and destroy infected fruit and twigs.",
   "cultural": "Avoid fruit injury and improve canopy airflow."},
  {"keys": ["wilt", "fusarium", "panama"], "type": "disease", "condition": "Wilt (Fusarium/Panama)",
   "crops": "Banana, Tomato, many",
   "treatment": "No reliable cure once established — uproot/destroy affected plants; soil-drench Carbendazim at early stage.",
   "cultural": "Use resistant/tissue-cultured cultivars, improve drainage, and rotate crops."},
  {"keys": ["fall armyworm", "armyworm", "spodoptera"], "type": "pest", "condition": "Fall armyworm",
   "crops": "Maize",
   "treatment": "Apply Emamectin benzoate 0.4% or Spinetoram to the whorl on early-instar larvae. Use pheromone traps; hand-pick egg masses.",
   "cultural": "Scout weekly, use bird perches, and avoid late/staggered planting."},
  {"keys": ["pink bollworm", "bollworm", "pectinophora"], "type": "pest", "condition": "Pink bollworm",
   "crops": "Cotton",
   "treatment": "Install pheromone traps (8/acre); need-based Bt/insecticide on threshold; destroy crop residue.",
   "cultural": "Follow refuge planting and avoid extended-duration crops to break the cycle."},
  {"keys": ["planthopper", "bph", "nilaparvata"], "type": "pest", "condition": "Brown planthopper",
   "crops": "Paddy",
   "treatment": "Drain the field for a few days; spray Imidacloprid or Buprofezin at the base of plants.",
   "cultural": "Avoid excessive nitrogen and dense planting; grow resistant varieties."},
  {"keys": ["aphid"], "type": "pest", "condition": "Aphids", "crops": "Many",
   "treatment": "Neem oil 2% or need-based Imidacloprid; use yellow sticky traps.",
   "cultural": "Conserve ladybird beetles and other natural enemies."},
  {"keys": ["whitefly"], "type": "pest", "condition": "Whitefly", "crops": "Many",
   "treatment": "Yellow sticky traps + neem-based sprays; Diafenthiuron if severe. Manage as a virus vector.",
   "cultural": "Remove weed hosts and avoid over-fertilizing with nitrogen."},
  {"keys": ["fruit borer", "helicoverpa", "stem borer", "borer"], "type": "pest", "condition": "Borer (fruit/stem)",
   "crops": "Tomato, Cotton, Paddy",
   "treatment": "Pheromone traps; Bt sprays or Emamectin benzoate on early larvae; hand-pick where feasible.",
   "cultural": "Destroy bored fruit/stems; conserve egg parasitoids (Trichogramma)."},
  {"keys": ["spider mite", "mite"], "type": "pest", "condition": "Red spider mite", "crops": "Many",
   "treatment": "Spray wettable sulphur or a specific acaricide (e.g. Spiromesifen) on leaf undersides.",
   "cultural": "Avoid dusty, dry conditions; maintain humidity; remove heavily infested leaves."}
]