import numpy as np
import pandas as pd


def clean_and_engineer(df: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame:
    df = df.copy()

    # -------------------------
    # Fix known data issues
    # -------------------------
    if 'loan_purpose' in df.columns:
        df['loan_purpose'] = df['loan_purpose'].replace('Personaal', 'Personal')

    # -------------------------
    # Handle missing residence_type
    # -------------------------
    if 'residence_type' in df.columns:
        if df['residence_type'].isna().sum() > 0:
            mode_val = df['residence_type'].mode()[0]
            df['residence_type'] = df['residence_type'].fillna(mode_val)

    # -------------------------
    # Business rules (only if columns exist)
    # -------------------------
    if 'processing_fee' in df.columns and 'loan_amount' in df.columns:
        df = df[(df['processing_fee'] / df['loan_amount']) < 0.03]

    if 'gst' in df.columns and 'loan_amount' in df.columns:
        df = df[(df['gst'] / df['loan_amount']) < 0.20]

    if 'net_disbursement' in df.columns and 'loan_amount' in df.columns:
        df = df[df['net_disbursement'] <= df['loan_amount']]

    # -------------------------
    # Feature Engineering
    # -------------------------
    if 'loan_amount' in df.columns and 'income' in df.columns:
        df['loan_to_income'] = round(df['loan_amount'] / df['income'], 2)
    else:
        df['loan_to_income'] = 0

    if 'total_loan_months' in df.columns and 'delinquent_months' in df.columns:
        df['delinquency_ratio'] = np.where(
            df['total_loan_months'] > 0,
            round((df['delinquent_months'] * 100) / df['total_loan_months'], 1),
            0
        )
    elif 'delinquency_ratio' not in df.columns:
        df['delinquency_ratio'] = 0

    if 'total_dpd' in df.columns and 'delinquent_months' in df.columns:
        df['avg_dpd_per_delinquency'] = np.where(
            df['delinquent_months'] > 0,
            round(df['total_dpd'] / df['delinquent_months'], 1),
            0
        )
    elif 'avg_dpd_per_delinquency' not in df.columns:
        df['avg_dpd_per_delinquency'] = 0

    # -------------------------
    # Drop columns if present (training only fields)
    # -------------------------
    drop_cols = [
        'cust_id', 'loan_id',
        'disbursal_date', 'installment_start_dt',
        'loan_amount', 'income',
        'total_loan_months', 'delinquent_months', 'total_dpd',
        'sanction_amount', 'processing_fee', 'gst', 'net_disbursement',
        'principal_outstanding'
    ]

    existing_drop_cols = [c for c in drop_cols if c in df.columns]
    df = df.drop(columns=existing_drop_cols)

    return df