diff --git "a/causal_conv1d/impls/hf_kernels_causal_conv1d.html" "b/causal_conv1d/impls/hf_kernels_causal_conv1d.html"
new file mode 100644--- /dev/null
+++ "b/causal_conv1d/impls/hf_kernels_causal_conv1d.html"
@@ -0,0 +1,4543 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>hf_kernels_causal_conv1d</title>
+    <script>
+// Iframe-friendly navigation router
+        (function() {
+            const isIframe = window.self !== window.top;
+            if (!isIframe) return; // Only activate in iframe context
+
+            // On load: if hash points to a different page, navigate there
+            const hash = window.location.hash;
+            if (hash && hash.startsWith('#/')) {
+                const targetPath = hash.slice(2); // Remove '#/'
+                const currentPath = window.location.pathname.split('/').pop();
+
+                // Only navigate if we're not already on the target page
+                if (targetPath !== currentPath) {
+                    window.location.href = targetPath;
+                    return; // Stop execution, we're navigating away
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Intercept all link clicks for hash-based navigation
+            document.addEventListener('click', function(e) {
+                const link = e.target.closest('a');
+                if (!link) return;
+
+                const href = link.getAttribute('href');
+
+                // Skip external links, anchors, and javascript: links
+                if (!href || href.startsWith('#') || href.startsWith('http') || href.startsWith('javascript:')) {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                e.preventDefault();
+
+                // Convert relative/absolute path to hash-based navigation
+                const url = new URL(href, window.location.href);
+                let fullPath = url.pathname;
+
+                // Remove leading slash if present for cleaner paths
+                if (fullPath.startsWith('/')) {
+                    fullPath = fullPath.slice(1);
+                }
+
+                // Update parent URL hash
+                window.location.hash = '#/' + fullPath;
+
+                // For HTML files, navigate within iframe
+                if (fullPath.endsWith('.html') || fullPath.endsWith('/')) {
+                    const pathParts = fullPath.split('/').filter(p => p);
+                    const targetFile = pathParts[pathParts.length - 1] || 'index.html';
+                    window.location.href = targetFile;
+                } else {
+                    // For non-HTML files (raw .py, etc), open directly
+                    window.open(href, '_blank');
+                }
+            });
+        })();
+
+        // Apply theme and widget visibility immediately to prevent flicker
+        (function() {
+            const configTheme = 'dark';
+            const hasConfigUi = false;
+            const configUi = hasConfigUi ? 'None' : null;
+            const hasWidgetsConfig = false;
+            const widgetsOn = hasWidgetsConfig ? false : true;
+            let theme;
+            if (configTheme === 'auto') {
+                theme = window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches ? 'dark' : 'light';
+            } else {
+                theme = localStorage.getItem('uvnote-theme') || configTheme;
+            }
+            document.documentElement.setAttribute('data-theme', theme);
+
+            // Initialize UI theme (css theme)
+            let ui = hasConfigUi ? configUi : (localStorage.getItem('uvnote-ui') || 'default');
+            if (ui !== 'default' && ui !== 'none' && ui !== 'monocolor') { ui = 'default'; }
+            document.documentElement.setAttribute('data-ui', ui);
+
+            // Apply widgets visibility
+            document.documentElement.setAttribute('data-widgets', widgetsOn ? 'on' : 'off');
+        })();
+    </script>
+    <style>
+:root[data-theme="light"] {
+            --bg-primary: #ffffff;
+            --bg-secondary: #f6f8fa;
+            --bg-tertiary: #f8f9fa;
+            --bg-code: #f8f9fa;
+            --bg-error: #fdf2f2;
+            --bg-artifact: #e6f3ff;
+            --bg-artifact-hover: #d0e7ff;
+            
+            --text-primary: #333;
+            --text-secondary: #656d76;
+            --text-error: #c53030;
+            --text-link: #0969da;
+            
+            --border-primary: #e1e5e9;
+            --border-error: #e53e3e;
+            --border-cell-failed: #d73a49;
+            
+            --shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
+        }
+
+        :root[data-theme="dark"] {
+            --bg-primary: #0a0a0a;
+            --bg-secondary: #121212;
+            --bg-tertiary: #181818;
+            --bg-code: #0d0d0d;
+            --bg-error: #1a0f0f;
+            --bg-artifact: #151515;
+            --bg-artifact-hover: #1a1a1a;
+            
+            --text-primary: #e0e0e0;
+            --text-secondary: #888888;
+            --text-error: #ff6b6b;
+            --text-link: #64b5f6;
+            
+            --border-primary: #2a2a2a;
+            --border-error: #ff6b6b;
+            --border-cell-failed: #ff6b6b;
+            
+            --shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);
+        }
+        /* Monocolor UI theme: black/white background, all text/borders single blue */
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] { --mono-color: #0a66ff; }
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"][data-theme="light"] {
+            --bg-primary: #ffffff;
+        }
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"][data-theme="dark"] {
+            --bg-primary: #000000;
+        }
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] {
+            --bg-secondary: var(--bg-primary);
+            --bg-tertiary: var(--bg-primary);
+            --bg-code: var(--bg-primary);
+            --bg-error: var(--bg-primary);
+            --bg-artifact: var(--bg-primary);
+            --bg-artifact-hover: var(--bg-primary);
+
+            --text-primary: var(--mono-color);
+            --text-secondary: var(--mono-color);
+            --text-error: var(--mono-color);
+            --text-link: var(--mono-color);
+
+            --border-primary: var(--mono-color);
+            --border-error: var(--mono-color);
+            --border-cell-failed: var(--mono-color);
+
+            --shadow: none;
+        }
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] a { color: var(--mono-color); }
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .menu-button,
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .theme-toggle,
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .reset-toggle,
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .back-button { background: var(--bg-primary); color: var(--mono-color); border-color: var(--mono-color); }
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .menu-button:hover,
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .theme-toggle:hover,
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .reset-toggle:hover,
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .back-button:hover { background: var(--bg-primary); color: var(--mono-color); border-color: var(--mono-color); }
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .menu-dropdown { background: var(--bg-primary); border-color: var(--mono-color); box-shadow: none; }
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .menu-item { color: var(--mono-color); border-bottom-color: var(--mono-color); }
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .system-info { background: var(--bg-primary); border-color: var(--mono-color); }
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .cell { border-color: var(--mono-color); background: var(--bg-primary); }
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .cell-header { background: var(--bg-primary); border-bottom-color: var(--mono-color); }
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .artifact { background: var(--bg-primary); border-color: var(--mono-color); color: var(--mono-color); }
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .artifact:hover { background: var(--bg-primary); }
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .artifact-preview img,
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .artifact-preview svg { border-color: var(--mono-color); }
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .status-widget { background: var(--bg-primary); border-color: var(--mono-color); color: var(--mono-color); }
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .minimap,
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .file-explorer,
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .tools-widget {
+            background: var(--bg-primary);
+            border-color: var(--mono-color);
+            color: var(--mono-color);
+        }
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .cell-code {
+            background: var(--bg-primary);
+            border-bottom-color: var(--mono-color);
+        }
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .tools-title,
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .file-explorer-section-title,
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .minimap-title { color: var(--mono-color); border-bottom-color: var(--mono-color); }
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .tool-button { background: var(--bg-primary); border-color: var(--mono-color); color: var(--mono-color); }
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .tool-button.active { border-color: var(--mono-color); }
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .file-explorer-item,
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .minimap-item { color: var(--mono-color); }
+        /* Force Pygments code to mono blue on mono bg */
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .highlight { background: var(--bg-primary) !important; color: var(--mono-color) !important; }
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .highlight *,
+        :root[data-ui="monocolor"] .highlight .hll { color: var(--mono-color) !important; background: transparent !important; border-color: var(--mono-color) !important; }
+        /* Default code font + metrics (overridable via frontmatter) */
+        :root { --code-font-size: 0.95rem; --code-line-height: 1.5; --code-pad-y: 0.75rem; }
+        /* Minimal UI theme overrides base variables for a flatter, 90s look */
+        :root[data-ui="none"] {
+            --bg-primary: #ffffff;
+            --bg-secondary: transparent;
+            --bg-tertiary: transparent;
+            --bg-code: #f9f9f9;
+            --bg-error: #fff0f0;
+            --bg-artifact: #f0f7ff;
+            --bg-artifact-hover: #e5f1ff;
+
+            --text-primary: #000000;
+            --text-secondary: #222222;
+            --text-error: #a00000;
+            --text-link: #0000ee;
+
+            --border-primary: #cccccc;
+            --border-error: #cc0000;
+            --border-cell-failed: #cc0000;
+
+            --shadow: none;
+        }
+        html {
+            overscroll-behavior: none;
+        }
+        body {
+            font-family: 'Cascadia Mono', 'Cascadia Code', 'JetBrains Mono', 'SF Mono', Monaco, 'Consolas', monospace;
+            line-height: 1.4;
+            max-width: 1000px;
+            margin: 0 auto;
+            padding: 15px;
+            color: var(--text-primary);
+            background: var(--bg-primary);
+            transition: background-color 0.2s ease, color 0.2s ease;
+            overscroll-behavior: none;
+        }
+        /* Minimal "none" UI theme overrides */
+        :root[data-ui="none"] body {
+            font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
+            line-height: 1.5;
+            max-width: 860px;
+            padding: 12px;
+            background: #ffffff;
+            color: #000000;
+            transition: none;
+        }
+        
+        /* Two panel layout removed */
+        
+        .controls {
+            position: fixed;
+            top: 20px;
+            right: 20px;
+            display: flex;
+            flex-direction: column;
+            align-items: flex-end;
+            gap: 0.25rem;
+            z-index: 1000;
+        }
+        .controls-buttons { display: flex; gap: 0.5rem; }
+        
+        .menu-button {
+            position: relative;
+            background: var(--bg-secondary);
+            border: 1px solid var(--border-primary);
+            padding: 8px 12px;
+            border-radius: 2px;
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+            cursor: pointer;
+            font-family: inherit;
+            font-size: 0.9rem;
+            user-select: none;
+        }
+        /* Keep default control styling when widgets are enabled, even in minimal UI */
+        :root[data-ui="none"][data-widgets="on"] .menu-button,
+        :root[data-ui="none"][data-widgets="on"] .theme-toggle,
+        :root[data-ui="none"][data-widgets="on"] .reset-toggle,
+        :root[data-ui="none"][data-widgets="on"] .back-button {
+            background: #f6f6f6;
+            border: 1px solid #cccccc;
+            color: #222222;
+        }
+        
+        .menu-button:hover {
+            color: var(--text-primary);
+            background: var(--bg-tertiary);
+        }
+        /* Controls state indicator (top-right) */
+        /* Status widget (bottom-right) */
+        .status-widget {
+            position: fixed;
+            right: 20px;
+            bottom: 20px;
+            width: auto;
+            max-width: 260px;
+            background: var(--bg-secondary);
+            border: 1px solid var(--border-primary);
+            border-radius: 2px;
+            padding: 6px 8px;
+            font-size: 0.8rem;
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+            z-index: 100;
+        }
+        .status-widget strong { color: var(--text-primary); }
+        :root[data-ui="none"][data-widgets="on"] .status-widget { background: #f6f6f6; border-color: #ccc; color: #222; }
+        :root[data-ui="none"][data-widgets="on"] .menu-button:hover,
+        :root[data-ui="none"][data-widgets="on"] .theme-toggle:hover,
+        :root[data-ui="none"][data-widgets="on"] .reset-toggle:hover,
+        :root[data-ui="none"][data-widgets="on"] .back-button:hover {
+            background: #ededed;
+            border-color: #bbbbbb;
+            color: #000000;
+        }
+        
+        .menu-dropdown {
+            position: absolute;
+            top: 100%;
+            right: 0;
+            background: var(--bg-secondary);
+            border: 1px solid var(--border-primary);
+            border-radius: 4px;
+            box-shadow: 0 4px 12px var(--shadow);
+            min-width: 160px;
+            opacity: 0;
+            visibility: hidden;
+            transform: translateY(-8px);
+            transition: all 0.2s ease;
+            z-index: 1001;
+            margin-top: 4px;
+        }
+        :root[data-ui="none"][data-widgets="on"] .menu-dropdown { background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #cccccc; box-shadow: none; }
+        
+        .menu-button.active .menu-dropdown {
+            opacity: 1;
+            visibility: visible;
+            transform: translateY(0);
+        }
+        
+        .menu-item {
+            display: block;
+            padding: 8px 12px;
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+            text-decoration: none;
+            font-size: 0.85rem;
+            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-primary);
+            cursor: pointer;
+        }
+        :root[data-ui="none"] .menu-item { color: #000; border-bottom: 1px solid #eee; }
+        
+        .menu-item:last-child {
+            border-bottom: none;
+        }
+        
+        .menu-item:hover {
+            background: var(--bg-tertiary);
+            color: var(--text-primary);
+        }
+        
+        .menu-checkbox {
+            display: inline-block;
+            width: 16px;
+            font-family: monospace;
+            color: var(--text-link);
+        }
+        
+        .theme-toggle,
+        .reset-toggle,
+        .back-button {
+            background: var(--bg-secondary);
+            border: 1px solid var(--border-primary);
+            padding: 8px 12px;
+            border-radius: 4px;
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+            cursor: pointer;
+            font-family: inherit;
+            font-size: 0.9rem;
+            user-select: none;
+        }
+
+        .back-button {
+            text-decoration: none;
+            display: inline-block;
+        }
+
+        .theme-toggle:hover,
+        .reset-toggle:hover,
+        .back-button:hover {
+            color: var(--text-primary);
+            background: var(--bg-tertiary);
+        }
+        
+        .system-info {
+            background: var(--bg-secondary);
+            border: 1px solid var(--border-primary);
+            border-radius: 4px;
+            padding: 8px 12px;
+            margin-bottom: 16px;
+            font-size: 0.85em;
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+        }
+        
+        .system-info-header {
+            font-weight: 600;
+            color: var(--text-primary);
+            margin-bottom: 2px;
+        }
+        
+        .system-info-content {
+            font-family: monospace;
+        }
+        
+        .theme-toggle, .reset-toggle {
+            background: var(--bg-secondary);
+            border: 1px solid var(--border-primary);
+            border-radius: 2px;
+            /* padding: 0.4rem 0.6rem; */
+            cursor: pointer;
+            font-family: inherit;
+            font-size: 0.8rem;
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+            user-select: none;
+            transition: all 0.2s ease;
+            text-transform: lowercase;
+            letter-spacing: 0;
+        }
+        
+        .theme-toggle:hover, .reset-toggle:hover {
+            background: var(--bg-tertiary);
+            border-color: var(--text-secondary);
+            color: var(--text-primary);
+        }
+        
+        .minimap {
+            position: fixed;
+            bottom: 20px;
+            right: 20px;
+            width: 220px;
+            max-height: 400px;
+            background: var(--bg-secondary);
+            border: 1px solid var(--border-primary);
+            border-radius: 2px;
+            padding: 0.5rem;
+            font-size: 0.7rem;
+            overflow-y: auto;
+            z-index: 100;
+            opacity: 0.9;
+            transition: opacity 0.2s ease;
+        }
+        /* Hide widgets and controls when disabled via frontmatter */
+        :root[data-widgets="off"] .controls,
+        :root[data-widgets="off"] .minimap,
+        :root[data-widgets="off"] .file-explorer,
+        :root[data-widgets="off"] .tools-widget,
+        :root[data-widgets="off"] .status-widget { display: none !important; }
+        
+        .file-explorer {
+            position: fixed;
+            bottom: 20px; /* default; JS will stack */
+            right: 20px;
+            left: auto;
+            top: auto;
+            width: 220px;
+            max-height: 400px;
+            background: var(--bg-secondary);
+            border: 1px solid var(--border-primary);
+            border-radius: 2px;
+            padding: 0.5rem;
+            font-size: 0.7rem;
+            overflow-y: auto;
+            z-index: 100;
+            opacity: 0.9;
+            transition: opacity 0.2s ease;
+        }
+
+        /* Drawing overlay */
+        .draw-overlay {
+            position: fixed;
+            top: 0;
+            left: 0;
+            width: 100vw;
+            height: 100vh;
+            z-index: 80; /* under widgets (100) and controls (1000) */
+            display: block;
+            pointer-events: none; /* enabled only when a tool is active */
+        }
+
+        /* Tools widget */
+        .tools-widget {
+            position: fixed;
+            bottom: 20px; /* default; JS will stack */
+            right: 20px;
+            left: auto;
+            top: auto;
+            width: 220px;
+            background: var(--bg-secondary);
+            border: 1px solid var(--border-primary);
+            border-radius: 2px;
+            padding: 0.5rem;
+            font-size: 0.7rem;
+            z-index: 100;
+            opacity: 0.95;
+        }
+        .tools-title {
+            font-weight: bold;
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+            margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
+            padding-bottom: 0.25rem;
+            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-primary);
+            cursor: grab;
+            user-select: none;
+        }
+        .tools-row { display: flex; gap: 0.4rem; flex-wrap: wrap; }
+        .tool-button {
+            background: var(--bg-tertiary);
+            border: 1px solid var(--border-primary);
+            border-radius: 2px;
+            padding: 0.25rem 0.4rem;
+            cursor: pointer;
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+            font-family: inherit;
+            font-size: 0.75rem;
+            user-select: none;
+        }
+        .tool-button:hover { color: var(--text-primary); }
+        .tool-button.active { color: var(--text-primary); border-color: var(--text-secondary); background: var(--bg-secondary); }
+        
+        .minimap:hover, .file-explorer:hover {
+            opacity: 1;
+        }
+        
+        .minimap-title {
+            font-weight: bold;
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+            margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
+            padding-bottom: 0.25rem;
+            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-primary);
+            cursor: grab; /* drag handle */
+            user-select: none;
+        }
+        
+        .minimap-item {
+            display: block;
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+            text-decoration: none;
+            padding: 0.15rem 0;
+            border-left: 2px solid transparent;
+            padding-left: 0.5rem;
+            transition: all 0.2s ease;
+            cursor: pointer;
+        }
+        
+        .minimap-item:hover {
+            color: var(--text-primary);
+            border-left-color: var(--text-secondary);
+        }
+        
+        .minimap-item.active {
+            color: var(--text-primary);
+            border-left-color: var(--text-link);
+        }
+        
+        .minimap-heading {
+            font-weight: normal;
+        }
+        
+        .minimap-heading.h1 { padding-left: 0.5rem; }
+        .minimap-heading.h2 { padding-left: 1rem; }
+        .minimap-heading.h3 { padding-left: 1.5rem; }
+        .minimap-heading.h4 { padding-left: 2rem; }
+        .minimap-heading.h5 { padding-left: 2.5rem; }
+        .minimap-heading.h6 { padding-left: 3rem; }
+        
+        .minimap-cell {
+            color: var(--text-link);
+            opacity: 0.8;
+            font-style: italic;
+        }
+        
+        .minimap-cell:hover {
+            opacity: 1;
+        }
+        
+        .file-explorer-title {
+            font-weight: bold;
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+            margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
+            padding-bottom: 0.25rem;
+            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-primary);
+            cursor: grab; /* drag handle */
+            user-select: none;
+        }
+        
+        .file-explorer-section {
+            margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
+        }
+        
+        .file-explorer-section-title {
+            font-weight: bold;
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+            font-size: 0.65rem;
+            margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
+            text-transform: uppercase;
+            letter-spacing: 0.5px;
+        }
+        
+        .file-explorer-item {
+            display: block;
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+            text-decoration: none;
+            padding: 0.1rem 0;
+            margin-left: 0.5rem;
+            transition: color 0.2s ease;
+            cursor: pointer;
+            font-family: monospace;
+        }
+        
+        .file-explorer-item:hover {
+            color: var(--text-primary);
+        }
+        
+        .file-explorer-item.script {
+            color: var(--text-link);
+        }
+        
+        .file-explorer-item.artifact {
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+            opacity: 0.8;
+        }
+        
+
+        /* Hide widgets on smaller screens */
+        @media (max-width: 768px) {
+            .minimap, .file-explorer, .tools-widget {
+                display: none;
+            }
+        }
+        
+        .cell {
+            margin: 1rem 0;
+            border: 1px solid var(--border-primary);
+            border-radius: 2px;
+            overflow: hidden;
+            background: var(--bg-secondary);
+        }
+        :root[data-ui="none"] .cell { margin: 1em 0; border: none; background: transparent; }
+        .cell-header {
+            background: var(--bg-secondary);
+            padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
+            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-primary);
+            font-family: inherit;
+            font-size: 0.85rem;
+        }
+        :root[data-ui="none"] .cell-header { background: transparent; border: none; padding: 0; font-weight: bold; }
+        :root[data-ui="none"] .cell-content { padding: 0; }
+        :root[data-ui="none"] .copy-button,
+        :root[data-ui="none"] .collapse-indicators,
+        :root[data-ui="none"] .cell-meta,
+        :root[data-ui="none"] .cell-outputs-header { display: none !important; }
+        :root[data-ui="none"] pre, :root[data-ui="none"] code { font-family: Menlo, Monaco, 'Courier New', monospace; }
+        :root[data-ui="none"] .code-content pre { background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; }
+        :root[data-ui="none"] .output { background: transparent; border: none; padding: 0.25em 0; }
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+            cursor: pointer;
+            user-select: none;
+            transition: background-color 0.2s ease;
+        }
+        .cell-header:hover {
+            background: var(--bg-tertiary);
+        }
+        .collapse-indicators {
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+            font-size: 0.8rem;
+            opacity: 0.7;
+        }
+        .collapse-indicators span:hover {
+            color: var(--text-primary);
+            opacity: 1;
+        }
+        .cell-code {
+            display: block;
+            background: var(--bg-code);
+        }
+        .cell-code.collapsed {
+            display: none;
+        }
+        .cell-code pre {
+            margin: 0;
+            padding: 0.75rem;
+            background: var(--bg-code);
+            overflow-x: auto;
+            color: var(--text-primary);
+        }
+        .cell-output {
+            padding: 0.75rem;
+            /* background: var(--bg-primary); */
+            background: var(--bg-secondary);
+        }
+        .cell-output.collapsed {
+            display: none;
+        }
+        .cell-stdout {
+            background: var(--bg-tertiary);
+            padding: 0.75rem;
+            border-radius: 1px;
+            /* margin: 0.25rem 0; */
+            font-family: inherit;
+            font-size: 0.9rem;
+            white-space: pre-wrap;
+            color: var(--text-primary);
+        }
+
+        .cell-stdout {
+            background: var(--bg-tertiary);
+            padding: 0.75rem;
+            border-radius: 1px;
+            font-family: inherit;
+            font-size: 0.9rem;
+            color: var(--text-primary);
+
+            /* key bits */
+            overflow: auto;          /* show scrollbars when needed */
+            max-width: 100%;         /* respects whatever layout width you give it */
+        }
+
+        .cell-stdout .stdout-text {
+            margin: 0;               /* reset pre default margin */
+            white-space: pre;        /* keep line breaks, NO wrapping */
+            display: inline-block;   /* shrink-to-content */
+            min-width: max-content;  /* allow very long lines to define intrinsic width */
+            font-family: ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Consolas, monospace;
+            tab-size: 2;
+        }
+
+        .cell-stderr {
+            background: var(--bg-error);
+            border-left: 2px solid var(--border-error);
+            padding: 1rem;
+            margin: 0.5rem 0;
+            font-family: inherit;
+            font-size: 0.9rem;
+            color: var(--text-error);
+            white-space: pre-wrap;
+        }
+        .uv-install-logs {
+            margin: 0.5rem 0;
+        }
+        .uv-logs-header {
+            cursor: pointer;
+            padding: 0.75rem;
+            border-left: 3px solid var(--border-color);
+            font-family: inherit;
+            font-size: 0.85rem;
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+            user-select: none;
+        }
+        .uv-logs-content {
+            background: var(--bg-secondary);
+            padding: 1rem;
+            border-left: 3px solid var(--border-color);
+            white-space: pre-wrap;
+            font-family: monospace;
+            font-size: 0.85rem;
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+            overflow-x: auto;
+        }
+        .cell-artifacts {
+            margin: 1rem 0;
+        }
+        .cell-artifacts h4 {
+            margin: 0 0 0.5rem 0;
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+            font-size: 0.9rem;
+        }
+        .artifact {
+            display: inline-block;
+            background: var(--bg-artifact);
+            padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
+            border-radius: 1px;
+            margin: 0.25rem 0.5rem 0.25rem 0;
+            font-family: inherit;
+            font-size: 0.8rem;
+            color: var(--text-link);
+            text-decoration: none;
+            transition: background-color 0.2s ease;
+            border: 1px solid var(--border-primary);
+        }
+        .artifact:hover {
+            background: var(--bg-artifact-hover);
+        }
+        .artifact-preview {
+            margin-top: 1rem;
+        }
+        .artifact-preview img {
+            max-width: 100%;
+            height: auto;
+            border: 1px solid var(--border-primary);
+            border-radius: 1px;
+        }
+        .artifact-preview svg {
+            max-width: 100%;
+            height: auto;
+            border: 1px solid var(--border-primary);
+            border-radius: 1px;
+            display: block;
+        }
+        /* Style SVG text elements */
+        .artifact-preview svg g {
+            fill: var(--text-primary) !important;
+        }
+        /* Auto-theme SVG elements */
+        .artifact-preview svg {
+            background: transparent;
+        }
+        /* CSV table styling */
+        .artifact-csv {
+            margin-top: 1rem;
+            overflow-x: auto;
+        }
+        .csv-table {
+            width: 100%;
+            border-collapse: collapse;
+            font-size: 0.9rem;
+            background: var(--bg-secondary);
+            border: 1px solid var(--border-primary);
+            border-radius: 1px;
+        }
+        .csv-table th,
+        .csv-table td {
+            padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
+            text-align: left;
+            border: 1px solid var(--border-primary);
+        }
+        .csv-table th {
+            background: var(--bg-tertiary);
+            font-weight: 600;
+            color: var(--text-primary);
+        }
+        .csv-table tbody tr:hover {
+            background: var(--bg-artifact-hover);
+        }
+        .artifact-csv-error {
+            margin-top: 1rem;
+            padding: 1rem;
+            background: var(--bg-error);
+            color: var(--text-error);
+            border: 1px solid var(--border-error);
+            border-radius: 1px;
+        }
+        .cell-failed {
+            border-color: var(--border-cell-failed);
+        }
+        .cell-failed .cell-header {
+            background: var(--bg-error);
+            color: var(--text-error);
+        }
+        .cell-commented {
+            opacity: 0.6;
+            border-style: dashed;
+        }
+        .cell-commented .cell-header {
+            background: var(--bg-secondary);
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+            font-style: italic;
+        }
+        .run-btn {
+            background: var(--bg-tertiary);
+            border: 1px solid var(--border-primary);
+            padding: 2px 6px;
+            border-radius: 2px;
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+            cursor: pointer;
+            font-size: 0.75em;
+            font-family: inherit;
+            margin-left: 4px;
+        }
+        .run-btn:hover {
+            color: var(--text-primary);
+            background: var(--bg-primary);
+        }
+        .run-btn:disabled {
+            opacity: 0.6;
+            cursor: not-allowed;
+        }
+        .copy-btn {
+            background: var(--bg-tertiary);
+            border: 1px solid var(--border-primary);
+            padding: 2px 6px;
+            border-radius: 2px;
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+            cursor: pointer;
+            font-size: 0.75em;
+            font-family: inherit;
+            margin-left: 4px;
+        }
+        .copy-btn:hover {
+            color: var(--text-primary);
+            background: var(--bg-primary);
+        }
+        .copy-btn:disabled {
+            opacity: 0.6;
+            cursor: not-allowed;
+        }
+        .copy-btn.copied {
+            color: #4caf50;
+            background: var(--bg-primary);
+            border-color: #4caf50;
+            transition: all 0.2s ease;
+        }
+        .raw-btn {
+            background: var(--bg-tertiary);
+            border: 1px solid var(--border-primary);
+            padding: 2px 6px;
+            border-radius: 2px;
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+            cursor: pointer;
+            font-size: 0.75em;
+            font-family: inherit;
+            margin-left: 4px;
+            text-decoration: none;
+            display: inline-block;
+        }
+        .raw-btn:hover {
+            color: var(--text-primary);
+            background: var(--bg-primary);
+            text-decoration: none;
+        }
+        .github-btn {
+            background: var(--bg-tertiary);
+            border: 1px solid var(--border-primary);
+            padding: 2px 6px;
+            border-radius: 2px;
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+            cursor: pointer;
+            font-size: 0.75em;
+            font-family: inherit;
+            margin-left: 4px;
+            text-decoration: none;
+            display: inline-block;
+        }
+        .github-btn:hover {
+            color: var(--text-primary);
+            background: var(--bg-primary);
+            text-decoration: none;
+        }
+        .hf-btn {
+            background: var(--bg-tertiary);
+            border: 1px solid var(--border-primary);
+            padding: 2px 6px;
+            border-radius: 2px;
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+            cursor: pointer;
+            font-size: 0.75em;
+            font-family: inherit;
+            margin-left: 4px;
+            text-decoration: none;
+            display: inline-block;
+        }
+        .hf-btn:hover {
+            color: var(--text-primary);
+            background: var(--bg-primary);
+            text-decoration: none;
+        }
+        .output-stale {
+            opacity: 0.5;
+            position: relative;
+        }
+        .output-stale::after {
+            content: '⏳ updating...';
+            position: absolute;
+            top: 8px;
+            right: 8px;
+            background: var(--bg-secondary);
+            padding: 4px 8px;
+            border-radius: 2px;
+            font-size: 0.75em;
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+            border: 1px solid var(--border-primary);
+        }
+        h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
+            margin-top: 1.5rem;
+            margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
+            color: var(--text-primary);
+        }
+        h1 {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-bottom: 1rem;
+        }
+        p {
+            margin: 0.75rem 0;
+            color: var(--text-primary);
+        }
+        a {
+            color: var(--text-link);
+        }
+        img {
+            max-width: 100%;
+            height: auto;
+            border-radius: 1px;
+            box-shadow: none;
+        }
+        pre, code {
+            font-family: 'Cascadia Mono', 'Cascadia Code', 'JetBrains Mono', 'SF Mono', Monaco, 'Consolas', monospace;
+            font-size: var(--code-font-size);
+        }
+        .code-wrap { position: relative; }
+        .code-line-highlight { display: none; position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0; height: 1.5em; background: rgba(255, 235, 170, 0.35); pointer-events: none; border-left: 3px solid #f4c542; }
+        .line-number { cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; color: var(--text-secondary); padding: 0 0.25rem; }
+        .line-number.selected { background: rgba(255, 235, 170, 0.4); color: var(--text-primary); }
+        
+        /* Line numbers */
+        .highlight-with-lines {
+            display: flex;
+        }
+        .line-numbers {
+            background: var(--bg-tertiary);
+            padding: var(--code-pad-y) 0.5rem;
+            font-family: 'Cascadia Mono', 'Cascadia Code', 'JetBrains Mono', 'SF Mono', Monaco, 'Consolas', monospace;
+            font-size: var(--code-font-size);
+            line-height: var(--code-line-height);
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+            user-select: none;
+            text-align: right;
+            border-right: 1px solid var(--border-primary);
+        }
+        .line-numbers .line-number {
+            display: block;
+            line-height: var(--code-line-height);
+        }
+        .highlight-with-lines .highlight {
+            flex: 1;
+        }
+        .highlight .hll { background-color: transparent; } /* don't conflict with our highlight */
+        .highlight pre {
+            white-space: pre;
+            margin: 0;
+            padding: var(--code-pad-y) 0.75rem;
+            line-height: var(--code-line-height);
+        }
+        
+        /* Collapsed code styling */
+        .cell-code.collapsed {
+            display: none;
+        }
+        .cell-code.expanded {
+            display: block;
+        }
+        
+        .cell-code {
+            display: block;
+            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-primary);
+        }
+        
+        
+        pre { line-height: 125%; }
+td.linenos .normal { color: inherit; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
+span.linenos { color: inherit; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
+td.linenos .special { color: #000000; background-color: #ffffc0; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
+span.linenos.special { color: #000000; background-color: #ffffc0; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight { background: #f8f8f8; }
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .c { color: #3D7B7B; font-style: italic } /* Comment */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .err { border: 1px solid #F00 } /* Error */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .k { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .o { color: #666 } /* Operator */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .ch { color: #3D7B7B; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Hashbang */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .cm { color: #3D7B7B; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Multiline */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .cp { color: #9C6500 } /* Comment.Preproc */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .cpf { color: #3D7B7B; font-style: italic } /* Comment.PreprocFile */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .c1 { color: #3D7B7B; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Single */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .cs { color: #3D7B7B; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Special */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .gd { color: #A00000 } /* Generic.Deleted */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .ges { font-weight: bold; font-style: italic } /* Generic.EmphStrong */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .gr { color: #E40000 } /* Generic.Error */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .gi { color: #008400 } /* Generic.Inserted */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .go { color: #717171 } /* Generic.Output */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .gp { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .gu { color: #800080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Subheading */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .gt { color: #04D } /* Generic.Traceback */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .kc { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Constant */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .kd { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Declaration */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .kn { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Namespace */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .kp { color: #008000 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .kr { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Reserved */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .kt { color: #B00040 } /* Keyword.Type */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .m { color: #666 } /* Literal.Number */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .s { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .na { color: #687822 } /* Name.Attribute */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .nb { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .nc { color: #00F; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .no { color: #800 } /* Name.Constant */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .nd { color: #A2F } /* Name.Decorator */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .ni { color: #717171; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Entity */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .ne { color: #CB3F38; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Exception */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .nf { color: #00F } /* Name.Function */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .nl { color: #767600 } /* Name.Label */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .nn { color: #00F; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .nt { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .nv { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .ow { color: #A2F; font-weight: bold } /* Operator.Word */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .w { color: #BBB } /* Text.Whitespace */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .mb { color: #666 } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .mf { color: #666 } /* Literal.Number.Float */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .mh { color: #666 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .mi { color: #666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .mo { color: #666 } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .sa { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .sb { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .sc { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Char */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .dl { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .sd { color: #BA2121; font-style: italic } /* Literal.String.Doc */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .s2 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Double */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .se { color: #AA5D1F; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .sh { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .si { color: #A45A77; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .sx { color: #008000 } /* Literal.String.Other */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .sr { color: #A45A77 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .s1 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Single */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .ss { color: #19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .bp { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .fm { color: #00F } /* Name.Function.Magic */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
+[data-theme="light"] .highlight .il { color: #666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
+
+pre { line-height: 125%; }
+td.linenos .normal { color: inherit; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
+span.linenos { color: inherit; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
+td.linenos .special { color: #000000; background-color: #ffffc0; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
+span.linenos.special { color: #000000; background-color: #ffffc0; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .hll { background-color: #49483e }
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight { background: #272822; color: #F8F8F2 }
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .c { color: #959077 } /* Comment */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .err { color: #ED007E; background-color: #1E0010 } /* Error */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .esc { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Escape */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .g { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Generic */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .k { color: #66D9EF } /* Keyword */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .l { color: #AE81FF } /* Literal */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .n { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Name */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .o { color: #FF4689 } /* Operator */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .x { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Other */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .p { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Punctuation */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .ch { color: #959077 } /* Comment.Hashbang */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .cm { color: #959077 } /* Comment.Multiline */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .cp { color: #959077 } /* Comment.Preproc */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .cpf { color: #959077 } /* Comment.PreprocFile */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .c1 { color: #959077 } /* Comment.Single */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .cs { color: #959077 } /* Comment.Special */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .gd { color: #FF4689 } /* Generic.Deleted */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .ge { color: #F8F8F2; font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .ges { color: #F8F8F2; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic } /* Generic.EmphStrong */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .gr { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Generic.Error */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .gh { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Generic.Heading */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .gi { color: #A6E22E } /* Generic.Inserted */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .go { color: #66D9EF } /* Generic.Output */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .gp { color: #FF4689; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .gs { color: #F8F8F2; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .gu { color: #959077 } /* Generic.Subheading */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .gt { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Generic.Traceback */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .kc { color: #66D9EF } /* Keyword.Constant */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .kd { color: #66D9EF } /* Keyword.Declaration */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .kn { color: #FF4689 } /* Keyword.Namespace */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .kp { color: #66D9EF } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .kr { color: #66D9EF } /* Keyword.Reserved */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .kt { color: #66D9EF } /* Keyword.Type */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .ld { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.Date */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .m { color: #AE81FF } /* Literal.Number */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .s { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.String */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .na { color: #A6E22E } /* Name.Attribute */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .nb { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Name.Builtin */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .nc { color: #A6E22E } /* Name.Class */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .no { color: #66D9EF } /* Name.Constant */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .nd { color: #A6E22E } /* Name.Decorator */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .ni { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Name.Entity */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .ne { color: #A6E22E } /* Name.Exception */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .nf { color: #A6E22E } /* Name.Function */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .nl { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Name.Label */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .nn { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Name.Namespace */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .nx { color: #A6E22E } /* Name.Other */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .py { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Name.Property */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .nt { color: #FF4689 } /* Name.Tag */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .nv { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Name.Variable */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .ow { color: #FF4689 } /* Operator.Word */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .pm { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Punctuation.Marker */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .w { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Text.Whitespace */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .mb { color: #AE81FF } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .mf { color: #AE81FF } /* Literal.Number.Float */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .mh { color: #AE81FF } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .mi { color: #AE81FF } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .mo { color: #AE81FF } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .sa { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .sb { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .sc { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.String.Char */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .dl { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .sd { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.String.Doc */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .s2 { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.String.Double */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .se { color: #AE81FF } /* Literal.String.Escape */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .sh { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .si { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .sx { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.String.Other */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .sr { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .s1 { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.String.Single */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .ss { color: #E6DB74 } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .bp { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .fm { color: #A6E22E } /* Name.Function.Magic */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .vc { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Name.Variable.Class */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .vg { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Name.Variable.Global */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .vi { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .vm { color: #F8F8F2 } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
+[data-theme="dark"] .highlight .il { color: #AE81FF } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
+
+        /* Ensure our code metrics override Pygments defaults */
+        .highlight pre {
+            white-space: pre;
+            margin: 0;
+            padding: var(--code-pad-y) 0.75rem !important;
+            line-height: var(--code-line-height) !important;
+            font-size: var(--code-font-size) !important;
+            font-family: 'Cascadia Mono', 'Cascadia Code', 'JetBrains Mono', 'SF Mono', Monaco, 'Consolas', monospace !important;
+            border: none;
+        }
+        .line-numbers { line-height: var(--code-line-height) !important; }
+        .line-numbers .line-number { line-height: var(--code-line-height) !important; }
+
+        /* Custom CSS from frontmatter */
+        
+
+        
+        
+        
+        /* Cursor for tools */
+        body[data-tool="arrow"] .main-content { 
+            cursor: url('data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="%23e53935" stroke-width="2"><path d="M12 19l7-7 3 3-7 7-3-3z"/><path d="M18 13l-1.5-7.5L2 2l3.5 14.5L13 18l5-5z"/><path d="M2 2l7.586 7.586"/><circle cx="11" cy="11" r="2"/></svg>') 12 12, crosshair;
+        }
+        body[data-tool="pen"] .main-content { 
+            cursor: url('data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="%23e53935" stroke-width="2"><path d="M12 19l7-7 3 3-7 7-3-3z"/><path d="M18 13l-1.5-7.5L2 2l3.5 14.5L13 18l5-5z"/><circle cx="4" cy="20" r="2" fill="%23e53935"/></svg>') 4 20, pointer;
+        }
+        body[data-tool="eraser"] .main-content { 
+            cursor: url('data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="%23e53935" stroke-width="2"><path d="M20 20H7l-7-7 7-7h13v14z"/><path d="M13 13l7-7"/><path d="M13 13L9 9"/></svg>') 12 12, auto;
+        }
+
+        /* Color picker styles */
+        .tools-section-title {
+            font-weight: bold;
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+            font-size: 0.65rem;
+            margin: 0.75rem 0 0.5rem 0;
+            text-transform: uppercase;
+            letter-spacing: 0.5px;
+        }
+        .color-row {
+            display: grid;
+            grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr);
+            gap: 0.25rem;
+            margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
+        }
+        .color-swatch {
+            width: 18px;
+            height: 18px;
+            border: 2px solid var(--border-primary);
+            border-radius: 3px;
+            cursor: pointer;
+            transition: all 0.2s ease;
+            position: relative;
+        }
+        .color-swatch:hover {
+            transform: scale(1.1);
+            border-color: var(--text-secondary);
+        }
+        .color-swatch.selected {
+            border-color: var(--text-primary);
+            box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px var(--text-link);
+        }
+        .color-swatch.selected::after {
+            content: '✓';
+            position: absolute;
+            top: 50%;
+            left: 50%;
+            transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
+            color: white;
+            font-size: 10px;
+            font-weight: bold;
+            text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px black;
+        }
+        .color-input {
+            width: 24px;
+            height: 24px;
+            border: 2px solid var(--border-primary);
+            border-radius: 3px;
+            cursor: pointer;
+            background: none;
+            padding: 0;
+            grid-column: span 2;
+            justify-self: center;
+        }
+        .color-input:hover {
+            border-color: var(--text-secondary);
+        }
+        
+        /* Thickness slider styles */
+        .thickness-row {
+            display: flex;
+            align-items: center;
+            gap: 0.5rem;
+            margin-top: 0.75rem;
+        }
+        .thickness-slider {
+            flex: 1;
+            -webkit-appearance: none;
+            appearance: none;
+            height: 4px;
+            background: var(--border-primary);
+            border-radius: 2px;
+            outline: none;
+            opacity: 0.7;
+            transition: opacity 0.2s;
+        }
+        .thickness-slider:hover {
+            opacity: 1;
+        }
+        .thickness-slider::-webkit-slider-thumb {
+            -webkit-appearance: none;
+            appearance: none;
+            width: 12px;
+            height: 12px;
+            background: var(--text-link);
+            border-radius: 50%;
+            cursor: pointer;
+        }
+        .thickness-slider::-moz-range-thumb {
+            width: 12px;
+            height: 12px;
+            background: var(--text-link);
+            border-radius: 50%;
+            cursor: pointer;
+            border: none;
+        }
+        .thickness-value {
+            font-size: 0.7rem;
+            color: var(--text-secondary);
+            min-width: 20px;
+            text-align: right;
+        }
+
+        .highlight {
+            background: none !important;
+        }
+        
+        /* Loading animations */
+        .loading-spinner {
+            display: inline-block;
+            width: 16px;
+            height: 16px;
+            border: 2px solid var(--border-primary);
+            border-radius: 50%;
+            border-top-color: var(--text-link);
+            animation: spin 1s linear infinite;
+            margin-right: 8px;
+            vertical-align: middle;
+        }
+        
+        @keyframes spin {
+            to { transform: rotate(360deg); }
+        }
+        
+        .loading-skeleton {
+            display: inline-block;
+            background: var(--bg-tertiary);
+            background: linear-gradient(
+                90deg,
+                var(--bg-tertiary) 25%,
+                var(--bg-secondary) 50%,
+                var(--bg-tertiary) 75%
+            );
+            background-size: 200% 100%;
+            animation: loading-shimmer 2s ease-in-out infinite;
+            border-radius: 2px;
+            height: 1em;
+            width: 80px;
+            vertical-align: middle;
+        }
+        
+        @keyframes loading-shimmer {
+            0% { background-position: -200% 0; }
+            100% { background-position: 200% 0; }
+        }
+        
+        /* Loading state for cell output */
+        .cell-output:has(.loading-spinner) {
+            opacity: 0.7;
+            background: var(--bg-secondary);
+            /* border-left: 3px solid var(--text-link); */
+        }
+    </style>
+    <script>
+// --- Drag utilities ---
+        function clamp(val, min, max) { return Math.max(min, Math.min(max, val)); }
+
+        function restorePosition(el, storageKey) {
+            try {
+                const raw = localStorage.getItem(storageKey);
+                if (!raw) return;
+                const pos = JSON.parse(raw);
+                if (typeof pos.left === 'number' && typeof pos.top === 'number') {
+                    el.style.left = pos.left + 'px';
+                    el.style.top = pos.top + 'px';
+                    el.style.right = 'auto';
+                    el.style.bottom = 'auto';
+                }
+            } catch (_) {}
+        }
+
+        function savePosition(el, storageKey) {
+            try {
+                const left = parseFloat(el.style.left || 'NaN');
+                const top = parseFloat(el.style.top || 'NaN');
+                if (!Number.isNaN(left) && !Number.isNaN(top)) {
+                    localStorage.setItem(storageKey, JSON.stringify({ left, top }));
+                }
+            } catch (_) {}
+        }
+
+
+        function makeDraggable(el, storageKey, handleEl) {
+            let dragging = false;
+            let startX = 0, startY = 0; // cursor
+            let origLeft = 0, origTop = 0; // element
+
+            const onMove = (e) => {
+                if (!dragging) return;
+                const clientX = e.touches ? e.touches[0].clientX : e.clientX;
+                const clientY = e.touches ? e.touches[0].clientY : e.clientY;
+                const dx = clientX - startX;
+                const dy = clientY - startY;
+                const w = el.offsetWidth;
+                const h = el.offsetHeight;
+                const maxX = window.innerWidth - w;
+                const maxY = window.innerHeight - h;
+                const newLeft = clamp(origLeft + dx, 0, maxX);
+                const newTop = clamp(origTop + dy, 0, maxY);
+                el.style.left = newLeft + 'px';
+                el.style.top = newTop + 'px';
+                el.style.right = 'auto';
+                el.style.bottom = 'auto';
+            };
+
+            const endDrag = () => {
+                if (!dragging) return;
+                dragging = false;
+                document.removeEventListener('mousemove', onMove);
+                document.removeEventListener('mouseup', endDrag);
+                document.removeEventListener('touchmove', onMove);
+                document.removeEventListener('touchend', endDrag);
+                handleEl && (handleEl.style.cursor = 'grab');
+                savePosition(el, storageKey);
+                // ensure no-overlap constraint after a drag
+                try { layoutWidgetsStackedBottomRight(); } catch (_) {}
+            };
+
+            const startDrag = (e) => {
+                // Start from element's current on-screen rect
+                const elRect = el.getBoundingClientRect();
+                el.style.left = elRect.left + 'px';
+                el.style.top = elRect.top + 'px';
+                el.style.right = 'auto';
+                el.style.bottom = 'auto';
+
+                dragging = true;
+                startX = e.touches ? e.touches[0].clientX : e.clientX;
+                startY = e.touches ? e.touches[0].clientY : e.clientY;
+                origLeft = elRect.left;
+                origTop = elRect.top;
+
+                document.addEventListener('mousemove', onMove);
+                document.addEventListener('mouseup', endDrag);
+                document.addEventListener('touchmove', onMove, { passive: false });
+                document.addEventListener('touchend', endDrag);
+                handleEl && (handleEl.style.cursor = 'grabbing');
+                e.preventDefault();
+            };
+
+            (handleEl || el).addEventListener('mousedown', startDrag);
+            (handleEl || el).addEventListener('touchstart', startDrag, { passive: false });
+
+            // Apply any saved position on init
+            restorePosition(el, storageKey);
+        }
+        function toggleCell(cellId) {
+            const codeElement = document.getElementById('code-' + cellId);
+            const outputElement = document.getElementById('output-' + cellId);
+            
+            if (codeElement) {
+                codeElement.classList.toggle('collapsed');
+            }
+            if (outputElement) {
+                outputElement.classList.toggle('collapsed');
+            }
+            
+            updateIndicators(cellId);
+            encodeToolStateToUrl();
+        }
+        
+        function toggleCode(cellId) {
+            const codeElement = document.getElementById('code-' + cellId);
+            if (codeElement) {
+                codeElement.classList.toggle('collapsed');
+                updateIndicators(cellId);
+                encodeToolStateToUrl();
+            }
+        }
+        
+        function toggleOutput(cellId) {
+            const outputElement = document.getElementById('output-' + cellId);
+            if (outputElement) {
+                outputElement.classList.toggle('collapsed');
+                updateIndicators(cellId);
+                encodeToolStateToUrl();
+            }
+        }
+
+        function toggleUvLogs(headerElement) {
+            const contentElement = headerElement.nextElementSibling;
+            if (contentElement) {
+                const isCollapsed = contentElement.style.display === 'none';
+                contentElement.style.display = isCollapsed ? 'block' : 'none';
+                headerElement.textContent = isCollapsed ? '▼ UV Install Logs' : '▶ UV Install Logs';
+
+                // Update the header indicator if it exists
+                const uvLogsDiv = headerElement.parentElement;
+                if (uvLogsDiv && uvLogsDiv.id && uvLogsDiv.id.startsWith('uv-logs-')) {
+                    const cellId = uvLogsDiv.id.replace('uv-logs-', '');
+                    const indicatorElement = document.getElementById('uv-indicator-' + cellId);
+                    if (indicatorElement) {
+                        indicatorElement.textContent = isCollapsed ? '▼ uv-logs' : '▶ uv-logs';
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        function toggleUvLogsFromHeader(cellId) {
+            const uvLogsElement = document.getElementById('uv-logs-' + cellId);
+            const indicatorElement = document.getElementById('uv-indicator-' + cellId);
+            if (uvLogsElement) {
+                const headerElement = uvLogsElement.querySelector('.uv-logs-header');
+                const contentElement = uvLogsElement.querySelector('.uv-logs-content');
+                if (contentElement && headerElement) {
+                    const isCollapsed = contentElement.style.display === 'none';
+                    contentElement.style.display = isCollapsed ? 'block' : 'none';
+                    headerElement.textContent = isCollapsed ? '▼ UV Install Logs' : '▶ UV Install Logs';
+                    if (indicatorElement) {
+                        indicatorElement.textContent = isCollapsed ? '▼ uv-logs' : '▶ uv-logs';
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        
+        function updateIndicators(cellId) {
+            const codeElement = document.getElementById('code-' + cellId);
+            const outputElement = document.getElementById('output-' + cellId);
+            const indicators = document.querySelector(`[onclick*="${cellId}"]`)?.closest('.cell-header')?.querySelector('.collapse-indicators');
+            
+            if (indicators) {
+                const codeCollapsed = codeElement && codeElement.classList.contains('collapsed');
+                const outputCollapsed = outputElement && outputElement.classList.contains('collapsed');
+                
+                const codeIcon = codeCollapsed ? '▶' : '▼';
+                const outputIcon = outputCollapsed ? '▶' : '▼';
+                
+                const codeSpan = indicators.querySelector('[onclick*="toggleCode"]');
+                const outputSpan = indicators.querySelector('[onclick*="toggleOutput"]');
+                
+                if (codeSpan) codeSpan.innerHTML = `${codeIcon} code`;
+                if (outputSpan) outputSpan.innerHTML = `${outputIcon} output`;
+            }
+        }
+        
+        function toggleTheme() {
+            const html = document.documentElement;
+            const currentTheme = html.getAttribute('data-theme');
+            const newTheme = currentTheme === 'dark' ? 'light' : 'dark';
+            html.setAttribute('data-theme', newTheme);
+            localStorage.setItem('uvnote-theme', newTheme);
+            updateThemeIcon();
+            updateUiDebug();
+        }
+        
+        // Two panel code removed
+        
+        function updateThemeIcon() {
+            const theme = document.documentElement.getAttribute('data-theme');
+            const toggle = document.querySelector('.theme-toggle');
+            if (toggle) {
+                toggle.textContent = theme === 'dark' ? 'light' : 'dark';
+            }
+        }
+        function setUiTheme(newUi) {
+            if (newUi !== 'default' && newUi !== 'none' && newUi !== 'monocolor') return;
+            const html = document.documentElement;
+            html.setAttribute('data-ui', newUi);
+            try { localStorage.setItem('uvnote-ui', newUi); } catch (_) {}
+            updateUiMenu();
+            updateUiDebug();
+        }
+        function updateUiMenu() {
+            const ui = document.documentElement.getAttribute('data-ui') || 'default';
+            const checks = {
+                default: document.getElementById('checkbox-ui-default'),
+                none: document.getElementById('checkbox-ui-none'),
+                monocolor: document.getElementById('checkbox-ui-monocolor')
+            };
+            if (checks.default) checks.default.textContent = ui === 'default' ? '☑' : '☐';
+            if (checks.none) checks.none.textContent = ui === 'none' ? '☑' : '☐';
+            if (checks.monocolor) checks.monocolor.textContent = ui === 'monocolor' ? '☑' : '☐';
+        }
+
+        function updateUiDebug() {
+            const ui = document.documentElement.getAttribute('data-ui') || 'default';
+            const color = document.documentElement.getAttribute('data-theme') || 'light';
+            const el = document.getElementById('ui-debug');
+            if (el) {
+                el.textContent = `UI: ${ui} | Color: ${color}`;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Line selection and deep-linking
+        function clearLineSelections() {
+            try {
+                document.querySelectorAll('.code-line-highlight').forEach(el => { el.style.display = 'none'; });
+                document.querySelectorAll('.line-number.selected').forEach(el => el.classList.remove('selected'));
+            } catch (_) {}
+        }
+
+        let _selection = null; // { cellId, a, b }
+
+        function clearSelection(updateUrl) {
+            clearLineSelections();
+            _selection = null;
+            if (updateUrl) {
+                try {
+                    const url = new URL(window.location.href);
+                    url.searchParams.delete('cell');
+                    url.searchParams.delete('line');
+                    history.replaceState(null, '', url.toString());
+                } catch (_) {}
+            }
+            updateStateIndicator();
+        }
+
+        function selectCellLine(cellId, line, updateUrl) {
+            try {
+                // Ensure only one selection across the whole document
+                clearLineSelections();
+                const codeBox = document.getElementById(`code-${cellId}`);
+                if (!codeBox) return;
+                const pre = codeBox.querySelector('.highlight pre');
+                const overlay = document.getElementById(`line-highlight-${cellId}`);
+                const numbers = document.getElementById(`lines-${cellId}`);
+                if (!pre || !overlay) return;
+
+                // Measure line height directly from computed style
+                const preStyle = getComputedStyle(pre);
+                const padTop = parseFloat(preStyle.paddingTop || '0');
+                const lh = parseFloat(preStyle.lineHeight || '20');
+
+                // Position overlay
+                overlay.style.display = 'block';
+                overlay.style.height = `${lh}px`;
+                overlay.style.top = `${pre.offsetTop + padTop + (line - 1) * lh}px`;
+
+                // Update selected class in line numbers
+                if (numbers) {
+                    numbers.querySelectorAll('.line-number').forEach(a => a.classList.remove('selected'));
+                    const sel = numbers.querySelector(`.line-number[data-line="${line}"]`);
+                    if (sel) sel.classList.add('selected');
+                }
+
+                if (updateUrl) {
+                    const url = new URL(window.location.href);
+                    url.searchParams.set('cell', cellId);
+                    url.searchParams.set('line', String(line));
+                    history.replaceState(null, '', url.toString());
+                }
+                _selection = { cellId, a: line, b: line };
+                updateStateIndicator();
+            } catch (e) { console.warn('selectCellLine error', e); }
+        }
+
+        function selectCellLines(cellId, startLine, endLine, updateUrl) {
+            try {
+                // normalize order
+                const a = Math.min(startLine, endLine);
+                const b = Math.max(startLine, endLine);
+                clearLineSelections();
+                const codeBox = document.getElementById(`code-${cellId}`);
+                if (!codeBox) return;
+                const pre = codeBox.querySelector('.highlight pre');
+                const overlay = document.getElementById(`line-highlight-${cellId}`);
+                const numbers = document.getElementById(`lines-${cellId}`);
+                if (!pre || !overlay) return;
+
+                const preStyle = getComputedStyle(pre);
+                const padTop = parseFloat(preStyle.paddingTop || '0');
+                const lh = parseFloat(preStyle.lineHeight || '20');
+
+                overlay.style.display = 'block';
+                overlay.style.top = `${pre.offsetTop + padTop + (a - 1) * lh}px`;
+                overlay.style.height = `${(b - a + 1) * lh}px`;
+
+                if (numbers) {
+                    numbers.querySelectorAll('.line-number').forEach(a => a.classList.remove('selected'));
+                    for (let i = a; i <= b; i++) {
+                        const el = numbers.querySelector(`.line-number[data-line="${i}"]`);
+                        if (el) el.classList.add('selected');
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (updateUrl) {
+                    const url = new URL(window.location.href);
+                    url.searchParams.set('cell', cellId);
+                    if (a === b) url.searchParams.set('line', String(a));
+                    else url.searchParams.set('line', `${a}-${b}`);
+                    history.replaceState(null, '', url.toString());
+                }
+                _selection = { cellId, a, b };
+                updateStateIndicator();
+            } catch (e) { console.warn('selectCellLines error', e); }
+        }
+
+        // Drag-to-select support on line numbers
+        let _lineDrag = { active: false, cellId: null, start: 0 };
+        function onLineNumberMouseDown(e) {
+            const a = e.target.closest('.line-number');
+            if (!a) return;
+            e.preventDefault();
+            const cellId = a.dataset.cell;
+            const line = parseInt(a.dataset.line || '1', 10) || 1;
+            // Toggle off if this exact single line is already the only selection
+            const numbers = document.getElementById(`lines-${cellId}`);
+            if (numbers) {
+                const selected = Array.from(numbers.querySelectorAll('.line-number.selected')).map(n => parseInt(n.dataset.line||'0',10)).filter(Boolean);
+                if (selected.length === 1 && selected[0] === line) {
+                    clearSelection(true);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            _lineDrag.active = true;
+            _lineDrag.cellId = cellId;
+            _lineDrag.start = line;
+            selectCellLines(_lineDrag.cellId, _lineDrag.start, _lineDrag.start, false);
+        }
+        function onDocMouseMove(e) {
+            if (!_lineDrag.active) return;
+            const el = document.elementFromPoint(e.clientX, e.clientY);
+            if (!el) return;
+            const a = el.closest && el.closest('.line-number');
+            if (!a) return;
+            if (a.dataset.cell !== _lineDrag.cellId) return;
+            const cur = parseInt(a.dataset.line || '1', 10) || 1;
+            selectCellLines(_lineDrag.cellId, _lineDrag.start, cur, false);
+        }
+        function onDocMouseUp(e) {
+            if (!_lineDrag.active) return;
+            const last = document.querySelector('.line-number.selected:last-of-type');
+            // finalize URL using the current selected range
+            const numbers = document.getElementById(`lines-${_lineDrag.cellId}`);
+            if (numbers) {
+                const selected = Array.from(numbers.querySelectorAll('.line-number.selected')).map(n => parseInt(n.dataset.line||'0',10)).filter(Boolean);
+                if (selected.length) {
+                    const a = Math.min(...selected); const b = Math.max(...selected);
+                    selectCellLines(_lineDrag.cellId, a, b, true);
+                }
+            }
+            _lineDrag.active = false; _lineDrag.cellId = null; _lineDrag.start = 0;
+        }
+
+        function applyLocationFromUrl() {
+            try {
+                const url = new URL(window.location.href);
+                const cell = url.searchParams.get('cell');
+                const lineParam = url.searchParams.get('line');
+                if (cell && lineParam) {
+                    if (lineParam.includes('-')) {
+                        const [a, b] = lineParam.split('-').map(x => parseInt(x, 10));
+                        if (!Number.isNaN(a) && !Number.isNaN(b)) selectCellLines(cell, a, b, false);
+                    } else {
+                        const l = parseInt(lineParam, 10);
+                        if (!Number.isNaN(l)) selectCellLine(cell, l, false);
+                    }
+                }
+                
+                // Apply tool parameters from URL
+                applyToolsFromUrl(url.searchParams);
+                
+                // Cell states will be applied later in DOMContentLoaded with proper timing
+                const encodedCellStates = url.searchParams.get('cells');
+                console.log('Encoded cell states from URL:', encodedCellStates);
+            } catch (_) {}
+        }
+        
+        function applyToolsFromUrl(params) {
+            try {
+                // Check if tools widget should be shown
+                const showTools = params.get('tools');
+                if (showTools === '1') {
+                    // Mark that tool was loaded from URL
+                    _urlLoadedTool = true;
+                    
+                    // Apply color
+                    const color = params.get('color');
+                    if (color && /^[0-9a-fA-F]{6}$/.test(color)) {
+                        setStoredArrowColor('#' + color);
+                    }
+                    
+                    // Apply thickness
+                    const thickness = params.get('thickness');
+                    if (thickness) {
+                        const value = parseInt(thickness, 10);
+                        if (value >= 1 && value <= 10) {
+                            setStoredLineThickness(value);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    
+                    // Don't override fadeout time for URL-loaded tools - let individual shapes decide
+                    
+                    // Load shapes from URL
+                    const encodedShapes = params.get('shapes');
+                    if (encodedShapes) {
+                        const decodedShapes = decodeShapesFromUrl(encodedShapes);
+                        if (decodedShapes.length > 0) {
+                            _shapes = decodedShapes;
+                            saveShapes();
+                            // Trigger render after overlay is initialized
+                            setTimeout(() => {
+                                renderOverlay();
+                            }, 300);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    
+                    // Wait for widgets to be initialized before showing tools
+                    setTimeout(() => {
+                        const toolsWidget = document.querySelector('.tools-widget');
+                        const checkbox = document.getElementById('checkbox-tools');
+                        if (toolsWidget && checkbox) {
+                            toolsWidget.style.display = 'block';
+                            checkbox.textContent = '☑';
+                            localStorage.setItem('uvnote-widget-tools', 'visible');
+                        }
+                        
+                        // Apply active tool
+                        const activeTool = params.get('tool');
+                        if (activeTool && ['arrow', 'pen', 'eraser', 'spotlight'].includes(activeTool)) {
+                            const toolBtn = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('.tool-button')).find(btn => btn.textContent === activeTool);
+                            if (toolBtn) {
+                                toolBtn.click();
+                            }
+                        }
+                        
+                        // Re-layout widgets after showing tools
+                        layoutWidgetsStackedBottomRight();
+                    }, 200);
+                }
+            } catch (_) {}
+        }
+        
+        function captureInitialCellStates() {
+            const cells = document.querySelectorAll('.cell');
+            cells.forEach(cell => {
+                const cellId = cell.id.replace('cell-', '');
+                const codeEl = document.getElementById('code-' + cellId);
+                const outputEl = document.getElementById('output-' + cellId);
+                
+                if (codeEl || outputEl) {
+                    const state = {};
+                    if (codeEl) {
+                        state.c = codeEl.classList.contains('collapsed') ? 0 : 1;
+                    }
+                    if (outputEl) {
+                        state.o = outputEl.classList.contains('collapsed') ? 0 : 1;
+                    }
+                    _initialCellStates[cellId] = state;
+                }
+            });
+            console.log('Captured initial cell states:', _initialCellStates);
+        }
+
+        function encodeCellStatesToUrl() {
+            // Get all cells and their collapse states
+            const cells = document.querySelectorAll('.cell');
+            const cellStates = {};
+            
+            console.log('Found cells:', cells.length);
+            
+            cells.forEach(cell => {
+                const cellId = cell.id.replace('cell-', '');
+                const codeEl = document.getElementById('code-' + cellId);
+                const outputEl = document.getElementById('output-' + cellId);
+                const initialState = _initialCellStates[cellId] || {};
+                
+                console.log(`Encoding cell ${cellId}:`, {
+                    codeEl: !!codeEl,
+                    outputEl: !!outputEl,
+                    codeCollapsed: codeEl ? codeEl.classList.contains('collapsed') : 'N/A',
+                    outputCollapsed: outputEl ? outputEl.classList.contains('collapsed') : 'N/A',
+                    initialState: initialState
+                });
+                
+                if (codeEl || outputEl) {
+                    const state = {};
+                    let hasChanges = false;
+                    
+                    if (codeEl) {
+                        const currentCodeState = codeEl.classList.contains('collapsed') ? 0 : 1;
+                        const initialCodeState = initialState.c;
+                        // Only encode if different from initial state
+                        if (initialCodeState !== undefined && currentCodeState !== initialCodeState) {
+                            state.c = currentCodeState;
+                            hasChanges = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    
+                    if (outputEl) {
+                        const currentOutputState = outputEl.classList.contains('collapsed') ? 0 : 1;
+                        const initialOutputState = initialState.o;
+                        // Only encode if different from initial state
+                        if (initialOutputState !== undefined && currentOutputState !== initialOutputState) {
+                            state.o = currentOutputState;
+                            hasChanges = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    
+                    // Only include cell if it has changes from initial state
+                    if (hasChanges) {
+                        cellStates[cellId] = state;
+                        console.log(`Added cell ${cellId}:`, state);
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+            
+            console.log('Final cell states to encode:', cellStates);
+            
+            // Return empty string if no changed cells
+            if (Object.keys(cellStates).length === 0) return '';
+            
+            // Encode as compact base64 string
+            const encoded = btoa(JSON.stringify(cellStates));
+            console.log('Encoded cell states:', encoded);
+            return encoded;
+        }
+        
+        function decodeCellStatesFromUrl(encodedStates) {
+            if (!encodedStates) return {};
+            
+            try {
+                return JSON.parse(atob(encodedStates));
+            } catch (e) {
+                console.error('Failed to decode cell states:', e);
+                return {};
+            }
+        }
+        
+        function applyCellStatesFromUrl(cellStates) {
+            console.log('Applying cell states from URL:', cellStates);
+            Object.entries(cellStates).forEach(([cellId, state]) => {
+                const codeEl = document.getElementById('code-' + cellId);
+                const outputEl = document.getElementById('output-' + cellId);
+                
+                console.log(`Cell ${cellId}:`, {
+                    codeEl: !!codeEl,
+                    outputEl: !!outputEl,
+                    state: state
+                });
+                
+                if (codeEl && state.c !== undefined) {
+                    if (state.c === 0) {
+                        codeEl.classList.add('collapsed');
+                        console.log(`Collapsed code for cell ${cellId}`, {
+                            hasCollapsedClass: codeEl.classList.contains('collapsed'),
+                            computedDisplay: getComputedStyle(codeEl).display,
+                            classList: Array.from(codeEl.classList),
+                            elementId: codeEl.id
+                        });
+                    } else {
+                        codeEl.classList.remove('collapsed');
+                        codeEl.classList.add('expanded'); // Explicitly add expanded class
+                        console.log(`Expanded code for cell ${cellId}`, {
+                            hasCollapsedClass: codeEl.classList.contains('collapsed'),
+                            hasExpandedClass: codeEl.classList.contains('expanded'),
+                            computedDisplay: getComputedStyle(codeEl).display,
+                            classList: Array.from(codeEl.classList),
+                            elementId: codeEl.id
+                        });
+                    }
+                }
+                
+                if (outputEl && state.o !== undefined) {
+                    if (state.o === 0) {
+                        outputEl.classList.add('collapsed');
+                        console.log(`Collapsed output for cell ${cellId}`);
+                    } else {
+                        outputEl.classList.remove('collapsed');
+                        console.log(`Expanded output for cell ${cellId}`);
+                    }
+                }
+                
+                // Update visual indicators and force style recalculation
+                try {
+                    updateIndicators(cellId);
+                    // Force browser to recalculate styles
+                    if (codeEl) {
+                        codeEl.offsetHeight; // Force reflow
+                        console.log(`After indicators update - code visible: ${getComputedStyle(codeEl).display !== 'none'}`);
+                    }
+                    if (outputEl) {
+                        outputEl.offsetHeight; // Force reflow
+                        console.log(`After indicators update - output visible: ${getComputedStyle(outputEl).display !== 'none'}`);
+                    }
+                } catch (e) {
+                    console.error(`Error updating indicators for cell ${cellId}:`, e);
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        function encodeShapesToUrl() {
+            // Encode shapes as compact base64 string
+            if (_shapes.length === 0) return '';
+            
+            const shapeData = _shapes.map(shape => {
+                const baseData = {
+                    ct: shape.createdAt, // creation timestamp
+                    fo: shape.fadeoutTime || getFadeoutTime() // fadeout time for this shape
+                };
+                
+                if (shape.type === 'arrow') {
+                    return {
+                        ...baseData,
+                        t: 'a',
+                        x1: Math.round(shape.x1),
+                        y1: Math.round(shape.y1),
+                        x2: Math.round(shape.x2),
+                        y2: Math.round(shape.y2),
+                        c: shape.color.substring(1), // remove #
+                        w: shape.width
+                    };
+                } else if (shape.type === 'pen') {
+                    return {
+                        ...baseData,
+                        t: 'p',
+                        pts: shape.points.map(p => [Math.round(p.x), Math.round(p.y)]),
+                        c: shape.color.substring(1),
+                        w: shape.width
+                    };
+                } else if (shape.type === 'spotlight') {
+                    return {
+                        ...baseData,
+                        t: 's',
+                        x: Math.round(shape.x),
+                        y: Math.round(shape.y),
+                        r: Math.round(shape.radius)
+                    };
+                }
+            }).filter(Boolean);
+            
+            return btoa(JSON.stringify(shapeData));
+        }
+        
+        function decodeShapesFromUrl(encodedShapes) {
+            if (!encodedShapes) return [];
+            
+            try {
+                const shapeData = JSON.parse(atob(encodedShapes));
+                return shapeData.map(data => {
+                    const base = {
+                        createdAt: data.ct || Date.now(), // use encoded timestamp or current time
+                        fadeoutTime: data.fo || 0, // use encoded fadeout time or 0 (never fade)
+                        opacity: 1.0
+                    };
+                    
+                    if (data.t === 'a') {
+                        return {
+                            ...base,
+                            type: 'arrow',
+                            x1: data.x1,
+                            y1: data.y1,
+                            x2: data.x2,
+                            y2: data.y2,
+                            color: '#' + data.c,
+                            width: data.w
+                        };
+                    } else if (data.t === 'p') {
+                        return {
+                            ...base,
+                            type: 'pen',
+                            points: data.pts.map(([x, y]) => ({ x, y })),
+                            color: '#' + data.c,
+                            width: data.w
+                        };
+                    } else if (data.t === 's') {
+                        return {
+                            ...base,
+                            type: 'spotlight',
+                            x: data.x,
+                            y: data.y,
+                            radius: data.r,
+                            color: '#000000'
+                        };
+                    }
+                }).filter(Boolean);
+            } catch (e) {
+                console.error('Failed to decode shapes:', e);
+                return [];
+            }
+        }
+        
+        function encodeToolStateToUrl() {
+            // Don't update URL during initialization
+            if (_isInitializing) {
+                return window.location.href;
+            }
+            
+            const params = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
+            
+            // Check if tools widget is visible and has an active tool
+            const toolsWidget = document.querySelector('.tools-widget');
+            const activeTool = document.body.dataset.tool;
+            const hasActiveTool = activeTool && activeTool !== 'none';
+            const toolsWidgetVisible = toolsWidget && getComputedStyle(toolsWidget).display !== 'none';
+            
+            // Always handle shapes regardless of tool state
+            const encodedShapes = encodeShapesToUrl();
+            if (encodedShapes) {
+                params.set('shapes', encodedShapes);
+            } else {
+                params.delete('shapes');
+            }
+            
+            // Always preserve existing cell states from URL if present
+            const existingCellStates = params.get('cells');
+            if (existingCellStates) {
+                // Keep existing cell states - don't re-encode from DOM
+                params.set('cells', existingCellStates);
+            } else {
+                // Only encode new cell states if none exist in URL
+                const encodedCellStates = encodeCellStatesToUrl();
+                if (encodedCellStates) {
+                    params.set('cells', encodedCellStates);
+                }
+            }
+            
+            if (toolsWidgetVisible && hasActiveTool) {
+                // Include tool params when widget is visible AND tool is active
+                params.set('tools', '1');
+                params.set('tool', activeTool);
+                
+                // Get color (without # prefix)
+                const color = getArrowColor();
+                if (color && color.startsWith('#')) {
+                    params.set('color', color.substring(1));
+                }
+                
+                // Get thickness
+                const thickness = getLineThickness();
+                params.set('thickness', thickness.toString());
+            } else {
+                // Remove tool state params but keep shapes
+                params.delete('tools');
+                params.delete('tool');
+                params.delete('color');
+                params.delete('thickness');
+                params.delete('fadeout');
+            }
+            
+            // Update URL without reloading
+            const newUrl = window.location.pathname + (params.toString() ? '?' + params.toString() : '') + window.location.hash;
+            window.history.replaceState(null, '', newUrl);
+            
+            return window.location.href;
+        }
+
+        function resetLayout() {
+            try {
+                // Clear all uvnote-* keys
+                const allKeys = Object.keys(localStorage);
+                const uvnoteKeys = allKeys.filter(key => key.startsWith('uvnote-'));
+                uvnoteKeys.forEach(k => localStorage.removeItem(k));
+            } catch (_) {}
+            
+            // Clear any active selection and remove URL params
+            try { clearSelection(true); } catch(_) {}
+            // Reset active tool if any
+            try { window.setActiveTool('none'); } catch(_) {}
+            // Clear shapes
+            try { _shapes = []; saveShapes(); } catch(_) {}
+            // Reset URL-loaded tool flag
+            try { _urlLoadedTool = false; } catch(_) {}
+            // Reset all cells to expanded state
+            try {
+                const cells = document.querySelectorAll('.cell');
+                cells.forEach(cell => {
+                    const cellId = cell.id.replace('cell-', '');
+                    const codeEl = document.getElementById('code-' + cellId);
+                    const outputEl = document.getElementById('output-' + cellId);
+                    if (codeEl) codeEl.classList.remove('collapsed');
+                    if (outputEl) outputEl.classList.remove('collapsed');
+                    updateIndicators(cellId);
+                });
+            } catch(_) {}
+            
+            // Clear ALL URL parameters and reload with clean URL
+            try {
+                const cleanUrl = window.location.pathname + window.location.hash;
+                window.location.href = cleanUrl; // Use window.location.href instead of history.replaceState + reload
+            } catch (_) {
+                // Fallback - reload current page
+                location.reload();
+            }
+        }
+
+        function toggleMenu() {
+            const menuButton = document.querySelector('.menu-button');
+            if (menuButton) {
+                menuButton.classList.toggle('active');
+            }
+        }
+
+        function toggleWidget(widgetName) {
+            let widget;
+            let checkbox;
+            
+            // Close the menu first
+            const menuButton = document.querySelector('.menu-button');
+            if (menuButton) {
+                menuButton.classList.remove('active');
+            }
+            
+            switch(widgetName) {
+                case 'tools':
+                    widget = document.querySelector('.tools-widget');
+                    checkbox = document.getElementById('checkbox-tools');
+                    break;
+                case 'file-explorer':
+                    widget = document.querySelector('.file-explorer');
+                    checkbox = document.getElementById('checkbox-file-explorer');
+                    break;
+                case 'minimap':
+                    widget = document.querySelector('.minimap');
+                    checkbox = document.getElementById('checkbox-minimap');
+                    break;
+                case 'status':
+                    widget = document.querySelector('.status-widget');
+                    checkbox = document.getElementById('checkbox-status');
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    return;
+            }
+            
+            if (widget && checkbox) {
+                const isVisible = getComputedStyle(widget).display !== 'none';
+                widget.style.display = isVisible ? 'none' : 'block';
+                checkbox.textContent = isVisible ? '☐' : '☑';
+                
+                // Save state to localStorage
+                try {
+                    localStorage.setItem(`uvnote-widget-${widgetName}`, isVisible ? 'hidden' : 'visible');
+                } catch (_) {}
+                
+                // Re-layout widgets after visibility change
+                try { 
+                    layoutWidgetsStackedBottomRight(); 
+                } catch (_) {}
+                
+                // Update URL when tools widget visibility changes
+                if (widgetName === 'tools') {
+                    encodeToolStateToUrl();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        
+        function initializeWidgetVisibility() {
+            const widgets = [
+                { name: 'tools', selector: '.tools-widget' },
+                { name: 'file-explorer', selector: '.file-explorer' },
+                { name: 'minimap', selector: '.minimap' },
+                { name: 'status', selector: '.status-widget' }
+            ];
+            
+            widgets.forEach(({ name, selector }) => {
+                const defaultState = name === 'status' ? 'visible' : 'hidden';
+                const savedState = localStorage.getItem(`uvnote-widget-${name}`) || defaultState;
+                const widget = document.querySelector(selector);
+                const checkbox = document.getElementById(`checkbox-${name}`);
+                
+                if (widget && checkbox) {
+                    const isVisible = savedState === 'visible';
+                    widget.style.display = isVisible ? 'block' : 'none';
+                    checkbox.textContent = isVisible ? '☑' : '☐';
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        // Close menu when clicking outside
+        document.addEventListener('click', function(event) {
+            const menuButton = document.querySelector('.menu-button');
+            // Don't close if clicking on a menu item (let the item handler close it)
+            if (menuButton && !menuButton.contains(event.target)) {
+                menuButton.classList.remove('active');
+            }
+        });
+
+        // Layout: stack widgets bottom-right and equalize widths
+        function hasCustomWidgetPositions() {
+            try {
+                return (
+                    localStorage.getItem('uvnote-minimap-pos') ||
+                    localStorage.getItem('uvnote-file-explorer-pos') ||
+                    localStorage.getItem('uvnote-tools-pos')
+                );
+            } catch (_) { return false; }
+        }
+
+        function rectsOverlap(r1, r2) {
+            return !(r1.right <= r2.left || r2.right <= r1.left || r1.bottom <= r2.top || r2.bottom <= r1.top);
+        }
+
+        function widgetsOverlap(widgets) {
+            for (let i = 0; i < widgets.length; i++) {
+                const a = widgets[i];
+                const ra = a.getBoundingClientRect();
+                for (let j = i + 1; j < widgets.length; j++) {
+                    const b = widgets[j];
+                    const rb = b.getBoundingClientRect();
+                    if (rectsOverlap(ra, rb)) return true;
+                }
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        function applyStackLayout(widgets, order) {
+            if (!widgets.length) return;
+            // Fixed equal width
+            const fixedWidth = 220;
+            widgets.forEach(el => { el.style.width = fixedWidth + 'px'; });
+
+            // Fit heights if needed to avoid overflow
+            const gap = 12;
+            const available = Math.max(0, window.innerHeight - 40 - gap * (order.length - 1));
+            const eachMax = Math.floor(available / order.length);
+            order.forEach(el => {
+                el.style.maxHeight = eachMax + 'px';
+                el.style.overflowY = 'auto';
+            });
+
+            // Stack bottom-up in the requested order
+            let bottomOffset = 20; // base gutter
+            order.forEach(el => {
+                el.style.left = 'auto';
+                el.style.top = 'auto';
+                el.style.right = '20px';
+                el.style.bottom = bottomOffset + 'px';
+                bottomOffset += el.offsetHeight + gap;
+            });
+        }
+
+        function layoutWidgetsStackedBottomRight() {
+            const minimap = document.querySelector('.minimap');
+            const fileExplorer = document.querySelector('.file-explorer');
+            const tools = document.querySelector('.tools-widget');
+            const status = document.querySelector('.status-widget');
+            const widgets = [minimap, fileExplorer, tools, status].filter(el => el && getComputedStyle(el).display !== 'none');
+            if (!widgets.length) return;
+
+            const order = [minimap, fileExplorer, tools, status].filter(Boolean).filter(el => getComputedStyle(el).display !== 'none');
+
+            // If user placed custom positions and there is no overlap, respect them.
+            if (hasCustomWidgetPositions() && !widgetsOverlap(widgets)) return;
+
+            applyStackLayout(widgets, order);
+        }
+        
+        // Panel icon removed
+        
+        let _minimapScrollContainer = null;
+        let _minimapScrollHandler = null;
+        function initMinimap() {
+            // Generate minimap content
+            const minimap = createMinimap();
+            document.body.appendChild(minimap);
+            // Make draggable (use title as handle)
+            const mTitle = minimap.querySelector('.minimap-title');
+            makeDraggable(minimap, 'uvnote-minimap-pos', mTitle);
+
+            // Attach scroll listener to window (two-panel removed)
+            _minimapScrollContainer = window;
+
+            if (_minimapScrollContainer) {
+                _minimapScrollHandler = () => updateMinimapActive();
+                if (_minimapScrollContainer === window) {
+                    window.addEventListener('scroll', _minimapScrollHandler);
+                } else {
+                    _minimapScrollContainer.addEventListener('scroll', _minimapScrollHandler);
+                }
+            }
+            updateMinimapActive();
+        }
+
+        function teardownMinimap() {
+            const minimap = document.querySelector('.minimap');
+            if (minimap && minimap.parentNode) minimap.parentNode.removeChild(minimap);
+            if (_minimapScrollContainer && _minimapScrollHandler) {
+                if (_minimapScrollContainer === window) {
+                    window.removeEventListener('scroll', _minimapScrollHandler);
+                } else {
+                    _minimapScrollContainer.removeEventListener('scroll', _minimapScrollHandler);
+                }
+            }
+            _minimapScrollContainer = null;
+            _minimapScrollHandler = null;
+        }
+        
+        function initFileExplorer() {
+            // Generate file explorer content
+            const fileExplorer = createFileExplorer();
+            document.body.appendChild(fileExplorer);
+        }
+        
+        function createMinimap() {
+            const minimap = document.createElement('div');
+            minimap.className = 'minimap';
+            
+            const title = document.createElement('div');
+            title.className = 'minimap-title';
+            title.textContent = 'navigation';
+            minimap.appendChild(title);
+            
+            // Find all headings and cells
+            const root = document.querySelector('.main-content') || document;
+            const headings = root.querySelectorAll('h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6');
+            const cells = root.querySelectorAll('.cell');
+            
+            // Combine and sort by position
+            const items = [];
+            
+            headings.forEach(heading => {
+                const id = heading.id || generateId(heading.textContent);
+                if (!heading.id) heading.id = id;
+                
+                items.push({
+                    element: heading,
+                    type: 'heading',
+                    level: parseInt(heading.tagName.charAt(1)),
+                    text: heading.textContent.trim(),
+                    id: id,
+                    position: heading.getBoundingClientRect().top + window.scrollY
+                });
+            });
+            
+            cells.forEach(cell => {
+                const header = cell.querySelector('.cell-header');
+                if (header) {
+                    const id = cell.id || `cell-${Date.now()}-${Math.random().toString(36).substr(2, 9)}`;
+                    if (!cell.id) cell.id = id;
+                    
+                    items.push({
+                        element: cell,
+                        type: 'cell',
+                        text: header.textContent.trim(),
+                        id: id,
+                        position: cell.getBoundingClientRect().top + window.scrollY
+                    });
+                }
+            });
+            
+            // Sort by position
+            items.sort((a, b) => a.position - b.position);
+            
+            // Create minimap items
+            items.forEach(item => {
+                const link = document.createElement('a');
+                link.className = `minimap-item ${item.type === 'heading' ? 'minimap-heading' : 'minimap-cell'}`;
+                if (item.type === 'heading') {
+                    link.classList.add(`h${item.level}`);
+                }
+                link.textContent = item.text.length > 25 ? item.text.substring(0, 22) + '...' : item.text;
+                link.href = `#${item.id}`;
+                link.onclick = function(e) {
+                    e.preventDefault();
+                    item.element.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'start' });
+                };
+                minimap.appendChild(link);
+            });
+            
+            return minimap;
+        }
+        
+        function generateId(text) {
+            return text.toLowerCase()
+                .replace(/[^a-z0-9]+/g, '-')
+                .replace(/^-+|-+$/g, '')
+                .substring(0, 20);
+        }
+        
+        function updateMinimapActive() {
+            const minimapItems = document.querySelectorAll('.minimap-item');
+            const container = _minimapScrollContainer || window;
+            const containerRect = container === window ? null : container.getBoundingClientRect();
+            const scrollPos = (container === window ? window.scrollY : container.scrollTop) + 100; // Offset for better detection
+            
+            let activeItem = null;
+            minimapItems.forEach(item => {
+                const targetId = item.getAttribute('href').substring(1);
+                const target = document.getElementById(targetId);
+                
+                if (target) {
+                    const rectTop = target.getBoundingClientRect().top;
+                    const targetPos = (container === window)
+                        ? rectTop + window.scrollY
+                        : rectTop - containerRect.top + container.scrollTop;
+                    if (targetPos <= scrollPos) {
+                        activeItem = item;
+                    }
+                }
+                
+                item.classList.remove('active');
+            });
+            
+            if (activeItem) {
+                activeItem.classList.add('active');
+            }
+        }
+        
+        function createFileExplorer() {
+            const fileExplorer = document.createElement('div');
+            fileExplorer.className = 'file-explorer';
+            
+            const title = document.createElement('div');
+            title.className = 'file-explorer-title';
+            title.textContent = 'files';
+            fileExplorer.appendChild(title);
+            // Make draggable (use title as handle)
+            makeDraggable(fileExplorer, 'uvnote-file-explorer-pos', title);
+            
+            // Scripts section
+            const scriptsSection = document.createElement('div');
+            scriptsSection.className = 'file-explorer-section';
+            
+            const scriptsTitle = document.createElement('div');
+            scriptsTitle.className = 'file-explorer-section-title';
+            scriptsTitle.textContent = 'scripts';
+            scriptsSection.appendChild(scriptsTitle);
+            
+            // Find all cells and list their script files (single panel)
+            const root = document.querySelector('.main-content') || document;
+            const cells = root.querySelectorAll('.cell');
+            cells.forEach(cell => {
+                const header = cell.querySelector('.cell-header');
+                if (header) {
+                    const cellText = header.textContent.trim();
+                    const cellMatch = cellText.match(/Cell: ([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)/);
+                    if (cellMatch) {
+                        const cellId = cellMatch[1];
+                        const scriptItem = document.createElement('div');
+                        scriptItem.className = 'file-explorer-item script';
+                        scriptItem.textContent = `${cellId}.py`;
+                        scriptItem.onclick = function() {
+                            cell.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'start' });
+                        };
+                        scriptsSection.appendChild(scriptItem);
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+            
+            fileExplorer.appendChild(scriptsSection);
+            
+            // Artifacts section
+            const artifactsSection = document.createElement('div');
+            artifactsSection.className = 'file-explorer-section';
+            
+            const artifactsTitle = document.createElement('div');
+            artifactsTitle.className = 'file-explorer-section-title';
+            artifactsTitle.textContent = 'artifacts';
+            artifactsSection.appendChild(artifactsTitle);
+            
+            // Find all artifact links (single panel)
+            const artifactsRoot = document.querySelector('.main-content') || document;
+            const artifacts = artifactsRoot.querySelectorAll('.artifact');
+            if (artifacts.length === 0) {
+                const noArtifacts = document.createElement('div');
+                noArtifacts.className = 'file-explorer-item artifact';
+                noArtifacts.textContent = '(none)';
+                noArtifacts.style.opacity = '0.5';
+                artifactsSection.appendChild(noArtifacts);
+            } else {
+                artifacts.forEach(artifact => {
+                    const artifactItem = document.createElement('div');
+                    artifactItem.className = 'file-explorer-item artifact';
+                    artifactItem.textContent = artifact.textContent;
+                    artifactItem.onclick = function() {
+                        artifact.click();
+                    };
+                    artifactsSection.appendChild(artifactItem);
+                });
+            }
+            
+            fileExplorer.appendChild(artifactsSection);
+            
+            return fileExplorer;
+        }
+
+        function initStatusWidget() {
+            let el = document.querySelector('.status-widget');
+            if (!el) {
+                el = document.createElement('div');
+                el.className = 'status-widget';
+                el.id = 'status-widget';
+                el.textContent = 'ready — Esc';
+                document.body.appendChild(el);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Tools widget
+        let _cursorX = 0;
+        let _cursorY = 0;
+        let _cursorVisible = false;
+        
+        function setActiveTool(tool) {
+            if (!tool || tool === 'none') {
+                document.body.dataset.tool = 'none';
+                localStorage.setItem('uvnote-active-tool', 'none');
+                setOverlayActive(false);
+                _cursorVisible = false;
+                // Remove active class from all tool buttons when deactivating
+                const toolButtons = document.querySelectorAll('.tools-widget .tool-button');
+                toolButtons.forEach(btn => btn.classList.remove('active'));
+                updateStateIndicator();
+                encodeToolStateToUrl();
+                return;
+            }
+            document.body.dataset.tool = tool;
+            localStorage.setItem('uvnote-active-tool', tool);
+            setOverlayActive(true);
+            _cursorVisible = true;
+            updateStateIndicator();
+            encodeToolStateToUrl();
+        }
+
+        // Make setActiveTool globally accessible for ESC key handler
+        window.setActiveTool = setActiveTool;
+        
+
+        function getArrowColor() {
+            const saved = localStorage.getItem('uvnote-arrow-color');
+            if (saved) return saved;
+            return '#e53935'; // Default red color
+        }
+
+        function setStoredArrowColor(color) {
+            try { localStorage.setItem('uvnote-arrow-color', color); } catch (_) {}
+        }
+
+        function getLineThickness() {
+            const saved = localStorage.getItem('uvnote-line-thickness');
+            if (saved) return parseInt(saved, 10);
+            return 6; // default thickness
+        }
+
+        function setStoredLineThickness(thickness) {
+            try { localStorage.setItem('uvnote-line-thickness', thickness); } catch (_) {}
+        }
+
+        function getFadeoutTime() {
+            const saved = localStorage.getItem('uvnote-fadeout-time');
+            if (saved) return parseInt(saved, 10);
+            return 5; // default 5 seconds
+        }
+
+        function setStoredFadeoutTime(seconds) {
+            try { localStorage.setItem('uvnote-fadeout-time', seconds); } catch (_) {}
+        }
+
+        function createToolsWidget() {
+            const tools = document.createElement('div');
+            tools.className = 'tools-widget';
+
+            const title = document.createElement('div');
+            title.className = 'tools-title';
+            title.textContent = 'tools';
+            tools.appendChild(title);
+
+            const row = document.createElement('div');
+            row.className = 'tools-row';
+            tools.appendChild(row);
+
+            // Arrow tool
+            const arrowBtn = document.createElement('div');
+            arrowBtn.className = 'tool-button';
+            arrowBtn.textContent = 'arrow';
+            arrowBtn.onclick = function() {
+                const isActive = arrowBtn.classList.contains('active');
+                if (isActive) {
+                    arrowBtn.classList.remove('active');
+                    setActiveTool('none');
+                } else {
+                    tools.querySelectorAll('.tool-button').forEach(b => b.classList.remove('active'));
+                    arrowBtn.classList.add('active');
+                    setActiveTool('arrow');
+                }
+            };
+            row.appendChild(arrowBtn);
+
+            // Pen tool
+            const penBtn = document.createElement('div');
+            penBtn.className = 'tool-button';
+            penBtn.textContent = 'pen';
+            penBtn.onclick = function() {
+                const isActive = penBtn.classList.contains('active');
+                if (isActive) {
+                    penBtn.classList.remove('active');
+                    setActiveTool('none');
+                } else {
+                    tools.querySelectorAll('.tool-button').forEach(b => b.classList.remove('active'));
+                    penBtn.classList.add('active');
+                    setActiveTool('pen');
+                }
+            };
+            row.appendChild(penBtn);
+
+            // Eraser tool
+            const eraseBtn = document.createElement('div');
+            eraseBtn.className = 'tool-button';
+            eraseBtn.textContent = 'eraser';
+            eraseBtn.onclick = function() {
+                const isActive = eraseBtn.classList.contains('active');
+                if (isActive) {
+                    eraseBtn.classList.remove('active');
+                    setActiveTool('none');
+                } else {
+                    tools.querySelectorAll('.tool-button').forEach(b => b.classList.remove('active'));
+                    eraseBtn.classList.add('active');
+                    setActiveTool('eraser');
+                }
+            };
+            row.appendChild(eraseBtn);
+
+            // Spotlight tool
+            const spotlightBtn = document.createElement('div');
+            spotlightBtn.className = 'tool-button';
+            spotlightBtn.textContent = 'spotlight';
+            spotlightBtn.onclick = function() {
+                const isActive = spotlightBtn.classList.contains('active');
+                if (isActive) {
+                    spotlightBtn.classList.remove('active');
+                    setActiveTool('none');
+                } else {
+                    tools.querySelectorAll('.tool-button').forEach(b => b.classList.remove('active'));
+                    spotlightBtn.classList.add('active');
+                    setActiveTool('spotlight');
+                }
+            };
+            row.appendChild(spotlightBtn);
+
+            // Clear all
+            const clearBtn = document.createElement('div');
+            clearBtn.className = 'tool-button';
+            clearBtn.textContent = 'clear';
+            clearBtn.onclick = function() {
+                _shapes = [];
+                saveShapes();
+                renderOverlay();
+            };
+            row.appendChild(clearBtn);
+            
+            // We'll add the copy button at the end of the widget
+
+            // Restore active state from storage
+            const saved = localStorage.getItem('uvnote-active-tool') || 'none';
+            if (saved === 'arrow') {
+                arrowBtn.classList.add('active');
+                setActiveTool('arrow');
+            } else if (saved === 'pen') {
+                penBtn.classList.add('active');
+                setActiveTool('pen');
+            } else if (saved === 'eraser') {
+                eraseBtn.classList.add('active');
+                setActiveTool('eraser');
+            } else if (saved === 'spotlight') {
+                spotlightBtn.classList.add('active');
+                setActiveTool('spotlight');
+            }
+
+            // Color selector
+            const colorTitle = document.createElement('div');
+            colorTitle.className = 'tools-section-title';
+            colorTitle.textContent = 'color';
+            tools.appendChild(colorTitle);
+
+            const colorRow = document.createElement('div');
+            colorRow.className = 'tools-row color-row';
+            tools.appendChild(colorRow);
+
+            const swatchColors = [
+                // Primary colors
+                '#e53935', '#fb8c00', '#fdd835', '#43a047', '#1e88e5', '#8e24aa',
+                // Additional useful colors  
+                '#ff5722', '#795548', '#607d8b', '#9c27b0',
+                // Grayscale
+                '#000000', '#424242', '#9e9e9e', '#ffffff'
+            ];
+            const swatches = [];
+            swatchColors.forEach(c => {
+                const s = document.createElement('div');
+                s.className = 'color-swatch';
+                s.style.backgroundColor = c;
+                s.title = c;
+                s.onclick = () => {
+                    setStoredArrowColor(c);
+                    refreshColorUI(c);
+                    if (_cursorVisible) renderOverlay();
+                    encodeToolStateToUrl();
+                };
+                colorRow.appendChild(s);
+                swatches.push(s);
+            });
+
+            const colorInput = document.createElement('input');
+            colorInput.type = 'color';
+            colorInput.className = 'color-input';
+            colorInput.oninput = () => {
+                setStoredArrowColor(colorInput.value);
+                refreshColorUI(colorInput.value);
+                if (_cursorVisible) renderOverlay();
+                encodeToolStateToUrl();
+            };
+            colorRow.appendChild(colorInput);
+
+            function refreshColorUI(selected) {
+                const selectedHex = selected.startsWith('#') ? selected.toLowerCase() : rgbToHex(selected);
+                
+                swatches.forEach((s, i) => {
+                    const swatchHex = swatchColors[i].toLowerCase();
+                    if (swatchHex === selectedHex) {
+                        s.classList.add('selected');
+                    } else {
+                        s.classList.remove('selected');
+                    }
+                });
+                
+                try { 
+                    colorInput.value = selectedHex; 
+                } catch (_) {}
+            }
+
+            function rgbToHex(rgb) {
+                const m = rgb.match(/rgba?\((\d+),\s*(\d+),\s*(\d+)\)/i);
+                if (!m) return '#000000';
+                const r = parseInt(m[1]).toString(16).padStart(2, '0');
+                const g = parseInt(m[2]).toString(16).padStart(2, '0');
+                const b = parseInt(m[3]).toString(16).padStart(2, '0');
+                return `#${r}${g}${b}`;
+            }
+
+            // Restore color selection
+            refreshColorUI(getArrowColor());
+
+            // Thickness slider
+            const thicknessTitle = document.createElement('div');
+            thicknessTitle.className = 'tools-section-title';
+            thicknessTitle.textContent = 'thickness';
+            tools.appendChild(thicknessTitle);
+
+            const thicknessRow = document.createElement('div');
+            thicknessRow.className = 'thickness-row';
+            tools.appendChild(thicknessRow);
+
+            const thicknessSlider = document.createElement('input');
+            thicknessSlider.type = 'range';
+            thicknessSlider.className = 'thickness-slider';
+            thicknessSlider.min = '1';
+            thicknessSlider.max = '10';
+            thicknessSlider.value = getLineThickness();
+            
+            const thicknessValue = document.createElement('span');
+            thicknessValue.className = 'thickness-value';
+            thicknessValue.textContent = thicknessSlider.value + 'px';
+
+            thicknessSlider.oninput = function() {
+                const value = parseInt(thicknessSlider.value, 10);
+                setStoredLineThickness(value);
+                thicknessValue.textContent = value + 'px';
+                if (_cursorVisible) renderOverlay();
+                encodeToolStateToUrl();
+            };
+
+            thicknessRow.appendChild(thicknessSlider);
+            thicknessRow.appendChild(thicknessValue);
+
+            // Fadeout time slider
+            const fadeoutTitle = document.createElement('div');
+            fadeoutTitle.className = 'tools-section-title';
+            fadeoutTitle.textContent = 'fadeout time';
+            tools.appendChild(fadeoutTitle);
+
+            const fadeoutRow = document.createElement('div');
+            fadeoutRow.className = 'thickness-row';
+            tools.appendChild(fadeoutRow);
+
+            const fadeoutSlider = document.createElement('input');
+            fadeoutSlider.type = 'range';
+            fadeoutSlider.className = 'thickness-slider';
+            fadeoutSlider.min = '0';
+            fadeoutSlider.max = '30';
+            fadeoutSlider.value = getFadeoutTime();
+            
+            const fadeoutValue = document.createElement('span');
+            fadeoutValue.className = 'thickness-value';
+            fadeoutValue.textContent = fadeoutSlider.value === '0' ? 'never' : fadeoutSlider.value + 's';
+
+            fadeoutSlider.oninput = function() {
+                const value = parseInt(fadeoutSlider.value, 10);
+                setStoredFadeoutTime(value);
+                fadeoutValue.textContent = value === 0 ? 'never' : value + 's';
+                encodeToolStateToUrl();
+            };
+
+            fadeoutRow.appendChild(fadeoutSlider);
+            fadeoutRow.appendChild(fadeoutValue);
+
+            // Draggable behavior
+            makeDraggable(tools, 'uvnote-tools-pos', title);
+
+            return tools;
+        }
+
+        function initTools() {
+            const widget = createToolsWidget();
+            document.body.appendChild(widget);
+        }
+
+        function teardownTools() {
+            const w = document.querySelector('.tools-widget');
+            if (w && w.parentNode) w.parentNode.removeChild(w);
+        }
+
+        // --- Canvas overlay for tools ---
+        let _overlay = null;
+        let _overlayCtx = null;
+        let _overlayContainer = null; // window
+        let _overlayMode = 'single';
+        let _overlayResizeHandler = null;
+        let _overlayScrollHandler = null;
+        let _drawing = null; // current in-progress arrow {x1,y1,x2,y2}
+        let _shapes = []; // committed shapes for current mode
+        let _fadeTimer = null; // timer for fade animation
+        let _urlLoadedTool = false; // track if tool was loaded from URL
+        let _isInitializing = true; // prevent URL updates during initialization
+        let _initialCellStates = {}; // track initial cell states from page load
+
+        function getOverlayStorageKey() { return 'uvnote-shapes'; }
+
+        function loadShapes() {
+            try {
+                const raw = localStorage.getItem(getOverlayStorageKey());
+                _shapes = raw ? JSON.parse(raw) : [];
+            } catch (_) { _shapes = []; }
+        }
+
+        function saveShapes() {
+            try { 
+                localStorage.setItem(getOverlayStorageKey(), JSON.stringify(_shapes));
+                // Always update URL when shapes change
+                encodeToolStateToUrl();
+            } catch (_) {}
+        }
+
+        function updateShapesFade() {
+            const now = Date.now();
+            let needsUpdate = false;
+
+            for (let i = _shapes.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+                const shape = _shapes[i];
+                if (!shape.createdAt) continue; // Skip old shapes without timestamps
+                
+                // Use individual shape's fadeout time, or global if not set
+                const shapesFadeoutSeconds = shape.fadeoutTime !== undefined ? shape.fadeoutTime : getFadeoutTime();
+                
+                // Skip fading if fadeout is disabled for this shape
+                if (shapesFadeoutSeconds === 0) continue;
+                
+                const fadeStartTime = Math.max(0, (shapesFadeoutSeconds - 2) * 1000); // Start fading 2s before end
+                const fadeEndTime = shapesFadeoutSeconds * 1000; // Fully gone after specified time
+                const age = now - shape.createdAt;
+                
+                if (age >= fadeEndTime) {
+                    // Remove completely faded shapes
+                    _shapes.splice(i, 1);
+                    needsUpdate = true;
+                } else if (age >= fadeStartTime) {
+                    // Update opacity for fading shapes
+                    const fadeProgress = (age - fadeStartTime) / (fadeEndTime - fadeStartTime);
+                    const newOpacity = 1 - fadeProgress;
+                    if (Math.abs(shape.opacity - newOpacity) > 0.01) {
+                        shape.opacity = newOpacity;
+                        needsUpdate = true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (needsUpdate) {
+                saveShapes();
+                renderOverlay();
+                // Update URL to remove faded shapes  
+                encodeToolStateToUrl();
+            }
+        }
+
+        function getContentContainer() { return window; }
+
+        function updateOverlayModeAndContainer() {
+            _overlayContainer = window;
+            _overlayMode = 'single';
+        }
+
+        function updateOverlayBounds() {
+            if (!_overlay) return;
+            if (_overlayContainer === window) {
+                _overlay.style.position = 'fixed';
+                _overlay.style.left = '0px';
+                _overlay.style.top = '0px';
+                _overlay.width = window.innerWidth;
+                _overlay.height = window.innerHeight;
+            } else {
+                const rect = _overlayContainer.getBoundingClientRect();
+                _overlay.style.position = 'fixed';
+                _overlay.style.left = rect.left + 'px';
+                _overlay.style.top = rect.top + 'px';
+                _overlay.width = Math.max(0, Math.floor(rect.width));
+                _overlay.height = Math.max(0, Math.floor(rect.height));
+            }
+            renderOverlay();
+        }
+
+        function containerScrollLeft() {
+            return (_overlayContainer === window) ? (window.scrollX || 0) : (_overlayContainer.scrollLeft || 0);
+        }
+        function containerScrollTop() {
+            return (_overlayContainer === window) ? (window.scrollY || 0) : (_overlayContainer.scrollTop || 0);
+        }
+
+        function toCanvasCoords(clientX, clientY) {
+            const rect = _overlay.getBoundingClientRect();
+            return { x: clientX - rect.left, y: clientY - rect.top };
+        }
+
+        function onPointerDown(e) {
+            const tool = document.body.dataset.tool;
+            if (tool === 'arrow') {
+                startDrawArrow(e);
+            } else if (tool === 'pen') {
+                startDrawPen(e);
+            } else if (tool === 'eraser') {
+                eraseAt(e);
+            } else if (tool === 'spotlight') {
+                startDrawSpotlight(e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        function onPointerMove(e) {
+            // Update cursor position
+            const pt = toCanvasCoords(e.touches ? e.touches[0].clientX : e.clientX, e.touches ? e.touches[0].clientY : e.clientY);
+            _cursorX = pt.x;
+            _cursorY = pt.y;
+            
+            if (!_drawing) {
+                // Just update cursor position and re-render
+                if (_cursorVisible) {
+                    renderOverlay();
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+            
+            if (_drawing.type === 'pen') {
+                moveDrawPen(e);
+            } else if (_drawing.type === 'spotlight') {
+                moveDrawSpotlight(e);
+            } else {
+                moveDrawArrow(e);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        function onPointerEnter(e) {
+            _cursorVisible = document.body.dataset.tool !== 'none';
+            if (_cursorVisible) {
+                renderOverlay();
+            }
+        }
+        
+        function onPointerLeave(e) {
+            _cursorVisible = false;
+            renderOverlay();
+        }
+
+        function onPointerUp(e) {
+            if (!_drawing) return;
+            if (_drawing.type === 'pen') {
+                endDrawPen();
+            } else if (_drawing.type === 'spotlight') {
+                endDrawSpotlight();
+            } else {
+                endDrawArrow();
+            }
+        }
+
+        function startDrawArrow(e) {
+            if (document.body.dataset.tool !== 'arrow') return;
+            const pt = toCanvasCoords(e.touches ? e.touches[0].clientX : e.clientX, e.touches ? e.touches[0].clientY : e.clientY);
+            _drawing = {
+                x1: pt.x + containerScrollLeft(),
+                y1: pt.y + containerScrollTop(),
+                x2: pt.x + containerScrollLeft(),
+                y2: pt.y + containerScrollTop(),
+                color: getArrowColor(),
+                width: getLineThickness()
+            };
+            renderOverlay();
+            e.preventDefault();
+        }
+
+        function moveDrawArrow(e) {
+            if (!_drawing) return;
+            const pt = toCanvasCoords(e.touches ? e.touches[0].clientX : e.clientX, e.touches ? e.touches[0].clientY : e.clientY);
+            _drawing.x2 = pt.x + containerScrollLeft();
+            _drawing.y2 = pt.y + containerScrollTop();
+            renderOverlay();
+            e.preventDefault();
+        }
+
+        function endDrawArrow() {
+            if (!_drawing) return;
+            _shapes.push({ 
+                type: 'arrow', 
+                ..._drawing,
+                createdAt: Date.now(),
+                fadeoutTime: getFadeoutTime(),
+                opacity: 1.0
+            });
+            _drawing = null;
+            saveShapes();
+            renderOverlay();
+        }
+
+        function startDrawPen(e) {
+            if (document.body.dataset.tool !== 'pen') return;
+            const pt = toCanvasCoords(e.touches ? e.touches[0].clientX : e.clientX, e.touches ? e.touches[0].clientY : e.clientY);
+            _drawing = {
+                type: 'pen',
+                points: [{
+                    x: pt.x + containerScrollLeft(),
+                    y: pt.y + containerScrollTop()
+                }],
+                color: getArrowColor(),
+                width: getLineThickness()
+            };
+            renderOverlay();
+            e.preventDefault();
+        }
+
+        function moveDrawPen(e) {
+            if (!_drawing || _drawing.type !== 'pen') return;
+            const pt = toCanvasCoords(e.touches ? e.touches[0].clientX : e.clientX, e.touches ? e.touches[0].clientY : e.clientY);
+            _drawing.points.push({
+                x: pt.x + containerScrollLeft(),
+                y: pt.y + containerScrollTop()
+            });
+            renderOverlay();
+            e.preventDefault();
+        }
+
+        function endDrawPen() {
+            if (!_drawing || _drawing.type !== 'pen') return;
+            if (_drawing.points.length > 1) {
+                _shapes.push({ 
+                    ..._drawing,
+                    createdAt: Date.now(),
+                    fadeoutTime: getFadeoutTime(),
+                    opacity: 1.0
+                });
+            }
+            _drawing = null;
+            saveShapes();
+            renderOverlay();
+        }
+
+        function startDrawSpotlight(e) {
+            if (document.body.dataset.tool !== 'spotlight') return;
+            const pt = toCanvasCoords(e.touches ? e.touches[0].clientX : e.clientX, e.touches ? e.touches[0].clientY : e.clientY);
+            _drawing = {
+                type: 'spotlight',
+                x: pt.x + containerScrollLeft(),
+                y: pt.y + containerScrollTop(),
+                radius: getLineThickness() * 20, // Use thickness to control spotlight size (bigger default)
+                color: getArrowColor()
+            };
+            renderOverlay();
+            e.preventDefault();
+        }
+
+        function moveDrawSpotlight(e) {
+            if (!_drawing || _drawing.type !== 'spotlight') return;
+            const pt = toCanvasCoords(e.touches ? e.touches[0].clientX : e.clientX, e.touches ? e.touches[0].clientY : e.clientY);
+            const dx = pt.x + containerScrollLeft() - _drawing.x;
+            const dy = pt.y + containerScrollTop() - _drawing.y;
+            _drawing.radius = Math.max(20, Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy)); // Minimum radius of 20
+            renderOverlay();
+            e.preventDefault();
+        }
+
+        function endDrawSpotlight() {
+            if (!_drawing || _drawing.type !== 'spotlight') return;
+            _shapes.push({ 
+                ..._drawing,
+                createdAt: Date.now(),
+                fadeoutTime: getFadeoutTime(),
+                opacity: 1.0
+            });
+            _drawing = null;
+            saveShapes();
+            renderOverlay();
+        }
+
+        function distPointToSegment(px, py, x1, y1, x2, y2) {
+            const dx = x2 - x1, dy = y2 - y1;
+            if (dx === 0 && dy === 0) return Math.hypot(px - x1, py - y1);
+            const t = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, ((px - x1) * dx + (py - y1) * dy) / (dx*dx + dy*dy)));
+            const cx = x1 + t * dx, cy = y1 + t * dy;
+            return Math.hypot(px - cx, py - cy);
+        }
+
+        function eraseAt(e) {
+            const pt = toCanvasCoords(e.touches ? e.touches[0].clientX : e.clientX, e.touches ? e.touches[0].clientY : e.clientY);
+            const x = pt.x + containerScrollLeft();
+            const y = pt.y + containerScrollTop();
+            const threshold = 10; // pixels
+            for (let i = _shapes.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+                const s = _shapes[i];
+                if (s.type === 'arrow') {
+                    const d = distPointToSegment(x, y, s.x1, s.y1, s.x2, s.y2);
+                    if (d <= threshold) {
+                        _shapes.splice(i, 1);
+                        saveShapes();
+                        renderOverlay();
+                        break;
+                    }
+                } else if (s.type === 'pen' && s.points) {
+                    // Check if click is near any line segment in the pen stroke
+                    let minDist = Infinity;
+                    for (let j = 1; j < s.points.length; j++) {
+                        const d = distPointToSegment(x, y, s.points[j-1].x, s.points[j-1].y, s.points[j].x, s.points[j].y);
+                        minDist = Math.min(minDist, d);
+                    }
+                    if (minDist <= threshold) {
+                        _shapes.splice(i, 1);
+                        saveShapes();
+                        renderOverlay();
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            e.preventDefault();
+        }
+
+        function drawArrow(ctx, x1, y1, x2, y2, color, width, opacity = 1.0) {
+            // Set opacity
+            const oldAlpha = ctx.globalAlpha;
+            ctx.globalAlpha = opacity;
+            
+            ctx.strokeStyle = color;
+            ctx.fillStyle = color;
+            ctx.lineWidth = width;
+            ctx.lineCap = 'round';
+            ctx.lineJoin = 'round';
+            
+            // Check if points are too close (initial state)
+            const dx = x2 - x1;
+            const dy = y2 - y1;
+            const distance = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
+            
+            if (distance < 5) {
+                // Draw just a small arrowhead pointing down-right when first clicked
+                const defaultAngle = Math.PI / 4; // 45 degrees (down-right)
+                const headLength = Math.min(15 + width * 1.5, 25);
+                const headAngle = Math.PI / 6;
+                
+                // Calculate arrowhead points
+                const hx1 = x1 + headLength * Math.cos(defaultAngle - headAngle);
+                const hy1 = y1 + headLength * Math.sin(defaultAngle - headAngle);
+                const hx2 = x1 + headLength * Math.cos(defaultAngle + headAngle);
+                const hy2 = y1 + headLength * Math.sin(defaultAngle + headAngle);
+                
+                // Draw arrowhead only
+                ctx.beginPath();
+                ctx.moveTo(x1, y1);
+                ctx.lineTo(hx1, hy1);
+                ctx.lineTo(hx2, hy2);
+                ctx.closePath();
+                ctx.fill();
+            } else {
+                // Normal arrow drawing - head at x1,y1, tail at x2,y2
+                const angle = Math.atan2(y1 - y2, x1 - x2);
+                const headLength = Math.min(15 + width * 1.5, 25);
+                const headAngle = Math.PI / 6;
+                
+                // Calculate where the line should end (before the arrowhead)
+                const lineEndX = x1 - headLength * 0.8 * Math.cos(angle);
+                const lineEndY = y1 - headLength * 0.8 * Math.sin(angle);
+                
+                // Draw the line from tail to near the head
+                ctx.beginPath();
+                ctx.moveTo(x2, y2);
+                ctx.lineTo(lineEndX, lineEndY);
+                ctx.stroke();
+                
+                // Calculate arrowhead points
+                const hx1 = x1 - headLength * Math.cos(angle - headAngle);
+                const hy1 = y1 - headLength * Math.sin(angle - headAngle);
+                const hx2 = x1 - headLength * Math.cos(angle + headAngle);
+                const hy2 = y1 - headLength * Math.sin(angle + headAngle);
+                
+                // Draw arrowhead
+                ctx.beginPath();
+                ctx.moveTo(x1, y1);
+                ctx.lineTo(hx1, hy1);
+                ctx.lineTo(hx2, hy2);
+                ctx.closePath();
+                ctx.fill();
+            }
+            
+            // Restore opacity
+            ctx.globalAlpha = oldAlpha;
+        }
+
+        function drawPen(ctx, points, color, width, offX, offY, opacity = 1.0) {
+            if (!points || points.length < 2) return;
+            
+            // Set opacity
+            const oldAlpha = ctx.globalAlpha;
+            ctx.globalAlpha = opacity;
+            
+            ctx.strokeStyle = color;
+            ctx.lineWidth = width;
+            ctx.lineCap = 'round';
+            ctx.lineJoin = 'round';
+            ctx.beginPath();
+            ctx.moveTo(points[0].x - offX, points[0].y - offY);
+            for (let i = 1; i < points.length; i++) {
+                ctx.lineTo(points[i].x - offX, points[i].y - offY);
+            }
+            ctx.stroke();
+            
+            // Restore opacity
+            ctx.globalAlpha = oldAlpha;
+        }
+
+        function drawAllSpotlights(ctx, spotlights, offX, offY) {
+            if (!spotlights || spotlights.length === 0) return;
+            
+            ctx.save();
+            
+            // Calculate the overall opacity based on all spotlights
+            const maxOpacity = Math.max(...spotlights.map(s => s.opacity || 1.0));
+            
+            // Fill entire canvas with dark overlay
+            ctx.fillStyle = `rgba(0, 0, 0, ${0.7 * maxOpacity})`;
+            ctx.fillRect(0, 0, ctx.canvas.width, ctx.canvas.height);
+            
+            // Cut out completely transparent holes for all spotlights
+            ctx.globalCompositeOperation = 'destination-out';
+            ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)'; // Solid black to ensure complete removal
+            for (const spotlight of spotlights) {
+                ctx.beginPath();
+                ctx.arc(spotlight.x - offX, spotlight.y - offY, spotlight.radius, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
+                ctx.fill();
+            }
+            
+            ctx.restore();
+        }
+
+        function renderOverlay() {
+            if (!_overlay || !_overlayCtx) return;
+            _overlayCtx.clearRect(0, 0, _overlay.width, _overlay.height);
+            const offX = containerScrollLeft();
+            const offY = containerScrollTop();
+            // Draw non-spotlight shapes first
+            for (const s of _shapes) {
+                const opacity = s.opacity !== undefined ? s.opacity : 1.0;
+                if (s.type === 'arrow') {
+                    drawArrow(_overlayCtx, s.x1 - offX, s.y1 - offY, s.x2 - offX, s.y2 - offY, s.color || '#f00', s.width || 2, opacity);
+                } else if (s.type === 'pen') {
+                    drawPen(_overlayCtx, s.points, s.color || '#f00', s.width || 2, offX, offY, opacity);
+                }
+            }
+            // Draw current drawing (non-spotlight)
+            if (_drawing) {
+                if (_drawing.type === 'pen') {
+                    drawPen(_overlayCtx, _drawing.points, _drawing.color, _drawing.width, offX, offY);
+                } else if (_drawing.type !== 'spotlight') {
+                    drawArrow(_overlayCtx, _drawing.x1 - offX, _drawing.y1 - offY, _drawing.x2 - offX, _drawing.y2 - offY, _drawing.color, _drawing.width);
+                }
+            }
+            
+            // Collect all spotlights (existing + current drawing + cursor preview)
+            const spotlights = [];
+            
+            // Add existing spotlight shapes
+            for (const s of _shapes) {
+                if (s.type === 'spotlight') {
+                    spotlights.push({
+                        x: s.x,
+                        y: s.y, 
+                        radius: s.radius,
+                        opacity: s.opacity !== undefined ? s.opacity : 1.0
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+            
+            // Add current spotlight being drawn
+            if (_drawing && _drawing.type === 'spotlight') {
+                spotlights.push({
+                    x: _drawing.x,
+                    y: _drawing.y,
+                    radius: _drawing.radius,
+                    opacity: 1.0
+                });
+            }
+            
+            // Add cursor preview spotlight if tool is active
+            if (_cursorVisible && !_drawing) {
+                const tool = document.body.dataset.tool;
+                if (tool === 'spotlight') {
+                    const thickness = getLineThickness();
+                    const radius = thickness * 20;
+                    const cursorWorldX = _cursorX + containerScrollLeft();
+                    const cursorWorldY = _cursorY + containerScrollTop();
+                    spotlights.push({
+                        x: cursorWorldX,
+                        y: cursorWorldY,
+                        radius: radius,
+                        opacity: 0.8
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+            
+            // Draw all spotlights as a single overlay with multiple holes
+            drawAllSpotlights(_overlayCtx, spotlights, offX, offY);
+            
+            // Draw cursor indicators for non-spotlight tools
+            if (_cursorVisible && !_drawing) {
+                const tool = document.body.dataset.tool;
+                const color = getArrowColor();
+                const thickness = getLineThickness();
+                
+                if (tool !== 'spotlight') {
+                    _overlayCtx.save();
+                    _overlayCtx.fillStyle = color;
+                    _overlayCtx.globalAlpha = 0.7;
+                    
+                    if (tool === 'eraser') {
+                        // Draw eraser indicator
+                        _overlayCtx.strokeStyle = color;
+                        _overlayCtx.lineWidth = 2;
+                        _overlayCtx.beginPath();
+                        _overlayCtx.arc(_cursorX, _cursorY, 10, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
+                        _overlayCtx.stroke();
+                    } else {
+                        // Draw dot for pen/arrow
+                        _overlayCtx.beginPath();
+                        _overlayCtx.arc(_cursorX, _cursorY, thickness / 2, 0, 2 * Math.PI);
+                        _overlayCtx.fill();
+                    }
+                    
+                    _overlayCtx.restore();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        function setOverlayActive(active) {
+            if (!_overlay) initOverlay();
+            _overlay.style.pointerEvents = active ? 'auto' : 'none';
+            _overlay.style.cursor = active ? 'none' : 'auto';
+            // Re-render to ensure visibility aligns with content
+            renderOverlay();
+        }
+
+        function initOverlay() {
+            if (_overlay) return;
+            updateOverlayModeAndContainer();
+            _overlay = document.createElement('canvas');
+            _overlay.className = 'draw-overlay';
+            _overlayCtx = _overlay.getContext('2d');
+            document.body.appendChild(_overlay);
+            updateOverlayBounds();
+            loadShapes();
+            renderOverlay();
+
+            // Events
+            _overlay.addEventListener('mousedown', onPointerDown);
+            _overlay.addEventListener('mousemove', onPointerMove);
+            _overlay.addEventListener('mouseenter', onPointerEnter);
+            _overlay.addEventListener('mouseleave', onPointerLeave);
+            document.addEventListener('mouseup', onPointerUp);
+            _overlay.addEventListener('touchstart', onPointerDown, { passive: false });
+            _overlay.addEventListener('touchmove', onPointerMove, { passive: false });
+            document.addEventListener('touchend', onPointerUp);
+
+            _overlayResizeHandler = () => updateOverlayBounds();
+            window.addEventListener('resize', _overlayResizeHandler);
+
+            _overlayScrollHandler = () => renderOverlay();
+            window.addEventListener('scroll', _overlayScrollHandler);
+            
+            // Start fade animation timer
+            _fadeTimer = setInterval(updateShapesFade, 100); // Update every 100ms for smooth fade
+        }
+
+        function rebindOverlayContainer() {
+            if (!_overlay) return;
+            // Remove old scroll handler
+            if (_overlayScrollHandler) { window.removeEventListener('scroll', _overlayScrollHandler); }
+            updateOverlayModeAndContainer();
+            updateOverlayBounds();
+            loadShapes();
+            renderOverlay();
+            _overlayScrollHandler = () => renderOverlay();
+            window.addEventListener('scroll', _overlayScrollHandler);
+        }
+
+        function teardownOverlay() {
+            if (!_overlay) return;
+            _overlay.removeEventListener('mousedown', onPointerDown);
+            _overlay.removeEventListener('mousemove', onPointerMove);
+            _overlay.removeEventListener('mouseenter', onPointerEnter);
+            _overlay.removeEventListener('mouseleave', onPointerLeave);
+            document.removeEventListener('mouseup', onPointerUp);
+            _overlay.removeEventListener('touchstart', onPointerDown);
+            _overlay.removeEventListener('touchmove', onPointerMove);
+            document.removeEventListener('touchend', onPointerUp);
+            if (_overlayResizeHandler) window.removeEventListener('resize', _overlayResizeHandler);
+            if (_overlayScrollHandler) {
+                if (_overlayContainer === window) {
+                    window.removeEventListener('scroll', _overlayScrollHandler);
+                } else if (_overlayContainer) {
+                    _overlayContainer.removeEventListener('scroll', _overlayScrollHandler);
+                }
+            }
+            if (_fadeTimer) {
+                clearInterval(_fadeTimer);
+                _fadeTimer = null;
+            }
+            if (_overlay.parentNode) _overlay.parentNode.removeChild(_overlay);
+            _overlay = null; _overlayCtx = null; _overlayContainer = null; _overlayResizeHandler = null; _overlayScrollHandler = null; _drawing = null;
+        }
+        
+        function teardownFileExplorer() {
+            const fe = document.querySelector('.file-explorer');
+            if (fe && fe.parentNode) fe.parentNode.removeChild(fe);
+        }
+
+        function escapeHtml(text) {
+            const div = document.createElement('div');
+            div.textContent = text;
+            return div.innerHTML;
+        }
+
+        function runCell(cellId){
+            const btn=document.querySelector('.run-btn[onclick*="'+cellId+'"]');
+            const output=document.getElementById('output-'+cellId);
+            if(btn){btn.textContent='⏳ running...';btn.disabled=true;}
+            if(output){output.classList.add('output-stale');}
+            fetch('/run/'+cellId,{method:'POST'}).then(r=>r.json()).then(data=>{
+                if(output){
+                    output.classList.remove('output-stale');
+                    let html='';
+                    if (data.stdout) {
+                    html += '<div class="cell-stdout"><pre class="stdout-text">'
+                        + escapeHtml(data.stdout)
+                        + '</pre></div>';
+                    }
+
+                    console.log('UV Logs:', data);
+                    if(data.stderr) {
+                        // Split UV logs from regular stderr
+                        const lines = data.stderr.split('\\n');
+                        let uvLogs = [];
+                        let regularLogs = [];
+                        let inUvSection = true;
+
+                        for (const line of lines) {
+                            if (inUvSection) {
+                                uvLogs.push(line);
+                                if (line.startsWith('Installed ')) {
+                                    inUvSection = false;
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                regularLogs.push(line);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        
+
+                        // If we never found "Installed", treat it all as regular stderr
+                        if (inUvSection) {
+                            html+='<div class="cell-stderr">'+escapeHtml(data.stderr)+'</div>';
+                        } else {
+                            const uvLogsStr = uvLogs.join('\\n');
+                            const regularLogsStr = regularLogs.join('\\n').trim();
+
+                            if (uvLogsStr) {
+                                html+='<div class="uv-install-logs">';
+                                html+='<div class="uv-logs-header" onclick="toggleUvLogs(this)">▶ UV Install Logs</div>';
+                                html+='<div class="uv-logs-content" style="display: none;">'+escapeHtml(uvLogsStr)+'</div>';
+                                html+='</div>';
+                            }
+                            if (regularLogsStr) {
+                                html+='<div class="cell-stderr">'+escapeHtml(regularLogsStr)+'</div>';
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    output.innerHTML=html;
+                }
+                if(btn){btn.textContent='▶ run';btn.disabled=false;}
+            }).catch(e=>{
+                console.error('Run failed:',e);
+                if(output){output.classList.remove('output-stale');}
+                if(btn){btn.textContent='▶ run';btn.disabled=false;}
+            });
+        }
+
+        function copyCell(cellId){
+            // Try multiple selectors to find the code element
+            // Pygments generates .highlight > pre with spans, not wrapped in <code>
+            let codeElement = document.querySelector('#code-'+cellId+' .highlight pre');
+            if (!codeElement) {
+                codeElement = document.querySelector('#code-'+cellId+' pre');
+            }
+            if (!codeElement) {
+                codeElement = document.querySelector('#code-'+cellId+' code');
+            }
+            if (!codeElement) {
+                // Fallback to the code div itself
+                codeElement = document.getElementById('code-'+cellId);
+            }
+
+            const btn = document.querySelector('.copy-btn[onclick*="'+cellId+'"]');
+
+            if (!codeElement) {
+                console.error('Code element not found for cell:', cellId);
+                return;
+            }
+            if (!btn) {
+                console.error('Copy button not found for cell:', cellId);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            const codeText = codeElement.textContent;
+            
+            if (navigator.clipboard && navigator.clipboard.writeText) {
+                navigator.clipboard.writeText(codeText).then(function() {
+                    console.log('Clipboard copy successful');
+                    btn.textContent = '✓ Copied!';
+                    btn.classList.add('copied');
+                    setTimeout(function() {
+                        btn.textContent = 'Copy';
+                        btn.classList.remove('copied');
+                    }, 2000);
+                }).catch(function(err) {
+                    console.warn('Clipboard copy failed:', err);
+                    fallbackCopy();
+                });
+            } else {
+                console.log('Using fallback copy method');
+                fallbackCopy();
+            }
+            
+            function fallbackCopy() {
+                const textarea = document.createElement('textarea');
+                textarea.value = codeText;
+                textarea.style.position = 'absolute';
+                textarea.style.left = '-9999px';
+                document.body.appendChild(textarea);
+                textarea.select();
+                try {
+                    const success = document.execCommand('copy');
+                    console.log('Fallback copy success:', success);
+                    btn.textContent = '✓ Copied!';
+                    btn.classList.add('copied');
+                    setTimeout(function() {
+                        btn.textContent = 'Copy';
+                        btn.classList.remove('copied');
+                    }, 2000);
+                } catch (err) {
+                    console.error('Fallback copy failed:', err);
+                    btn.textContent = 'Copy failed';
+                    setTimeout(function() {
+                        btn.textContent = 'Copy';
+                    }, 2000);
+                }
+                document.body.removeChild(textarea);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // // Live reload functionality (robust SSE handling)
+        // (function(){
+        //     if (!('EventSource' in window)) {
+        //         console.warn('SSE not supported in this browser');
+        //         return;
+        //     }
+        //     let source = new EventSource('/events');
+        //     let isOpen = false;
+        //     source.onopen = function(){ isOpen = true; console.log('SSE connected'); };
+        //     source.onmessage = function(e){
+        //         const msg=(e.data||'').trim(); if(!msg) return;
+        //         console.log('SSE message:', msg);
+        //         if (msg==='reload' || msg==='incremental') { location.reload(); }
+        //         // Ignore 'loading' to avoid premature reload loops
+        //     };
+        //     source.onerror = function(e){
+        //         // Let EventSource auto-reconnect instead of forcing a reload
+        //         if (isOpen) console.warn('SSE error after open, retrying...', e);
+        //     };
+        //     window.addEventListener('beforeunload', function(){ try{source.close();}catch(_){} });
+        // })();
+
+
+        document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+            // Capture initial cell states before any modifications
+            captureInitialCellStates();
+            
+            updateThemeIcon();
+            updateUiMenu();
+            updateUiDebug();
+            const widgetsEnabled = (document.documentElement.getAttribute('data-widgets') || 'on') === 'on';
+            if (widgetsEnabled) {
+            initMinimap();
+            initFileExplorer();
+            initTools();
+            initOverlay();
+            initStatusWidget();
+            initializeWidgetVisibility();
+            layoutWidgetsStackedBottomRight();
+            window.addEventListener('resize', layoutWidgetsStackedBottomRight);
+            }
+
+            // Apply deep-link selection if present
+            applyLocationFromUrl();
+            updateStateIndicator();
+            
+            // Apply cell states from URL immediately
+            const url = new URL(window.location.href);
+            const encodedCellStates = url.searchParams.get('cells');
+            if (encodedCellStates) {
+                console.log('Applying cell states from URL...');
+                const cellStates = decodeCellStatesFromUrl(encodedCellStates);
+                
+                // Use requestAnimationFrame to ensure DOM is ready
+                requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+                    applyCellStatesFromUrl(cellStates);
+                    
+                    // Clear initialization flag after cell states are applied
+                    if (typeof _isInitializing !== 'undefined') {
+                        _isInitializing = false;
+                    }
+                });
+            } else {
+                // Clear initialization flag even if no cell states
+                if (typeof _isInitializing !== 'undefined') {
+                    requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+                        _isInitializing = false;
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Bind drag selection on line numbers
+            document.addEventListener('mousedown', onLineNumberMouseDown);
+            document.addEventListener('mousemove', onDocMouseMove);
+            document.addEventListener('mouseup', onDocMouseUp);
+
+            // Add ESC key handler to exit tools
+            document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) {
+                if (e.key === 'Escape' || e.keyCode === 27) {
+                    const currentTool = document.body.dataset.tool;
+                    if (currentTool && currentTool !== 'none') {
+                        // Deactivate the current tool
+                        window.setActiveTool('none');
+                    }
+                    // Also clear any active line selection
+                    clearSelection(true);
+                }
+            });
+        });
+
+        function updateStateIndicator() {
+            try {
+                const el = document.getElementById('status-widget');
+                if (!el) return;
+                const tool = document.body.dataset.tool || 'none';
+                if (tool && tool !== 'none') {
+                    el.textContent = `tool: ${tool} — Esc`;
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (_selection) {
+                    const t = _selection.a === _selection.b ? `L${_selection.a}` : `L${_selection.a}-${_selection.b}`;
+                    el.textContent = `selected: ${t} — Esc`;
+                    return;
+                }
+                el.textContent = 'ready — Esc';
+            } catch (_) {}
+        }
+    </script>
+</head>
+
+
+<body>
+    <div class="controls">
+        <div class="controls-buttons">
+            
+            <a href="index.html" class="back-button">← back</a>
+            
+            <div class="theme-toggle" onclick="toggleTheme()">light</div>
+            <div class="reset-toggle" onclick="resetLayout()">reset</div>
+            <div class="menu-button" onclick="toggleMenu()">
+                menu ▼
+                <div class="menu-dropdown">
+                    <div class="menu-item" onclick="setUiTheme('default')">
+                        <span class="menu-checkbox" id="checkbox-ui-default">☑</span> Theme: default
+                    </div>
+                    <div class="menu-item" onclick="setUiTheme('none')">
+                        <span class="menu-checkbox" id="checkbox-ui-none">☐</span> Theme: none
+                    </div>
+                    <div class="menu-item" onclick="setUiTheme('monocolor')">
+                        <span class="menu-checkbox" id="checkbox-ui-monocolor">☐</span> Theme: monocolor
+                    </div>
+                    <div class="menu-item" onclick="toggleWidget('tools')">
+                        <span class="menu-checkbox" id="checkbox-tools">☐</span> Tools
+                    </div>
+                    <div class="menu-item" onclick="toggleWidget('file-explorer')">
+                        <span class="menu-checkbox" id="checkbox-file-explorer">☐</span> File Explorer
+                    </div>
+                    <div class="menu-item" onclick="toggleWidget('minimap')">
+                        <span class="menu-checkbox" id="checkbox-minimap">☐</span> Table of Contents
+                    </div>
+                    <div class="menu-item" onclick="toggleWidget('status')">
+                        <span class="menu-checkbox" id="checkbox-status">☑</span> Status Indicator
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+    
+    <div class="system-info">
+        <div class="system-info-header">Generated on:</div>
+        <div class="system-info-content">
+            Linux x86_64 | Linux-5.10.244-240.970.amzn2.x86_64-x86_64-with-glibc2.35
+        </div>
+    </div>
+    
+    <div class="main-content">
+        <h1>HF Kernels - Causal Conv1D</h1>
+<h2>GPU Info</h2>
+<div class="cell" id="cell-nv">
+<div class="cell-header">
+<span class="collapse-indicators">
+<span onclick="toggleCode('nv')" style="cursor: pointer;">▼ code</span> 
+<span onclick="toggleOutput('nv')" style="cursor: pointer;">▼ output</span>
+ <span id="uv-indicator-nv" style="cursor: default; opacity: 0.3;">▶ uv-logs</span>
+</span> | 
+Cell: nv | 0.21s
+ | <button class="run-btn" onclick="runCell('nv')">▶ run</button>
+<button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCell('nv')">Copy</button>
+<a href="cells/nv.py" target="_blank" class="raw-btn">Raw</a>
+<a href="https://github.com/huggingface/kernels-uvnotes/blob/main/causal_conv1d/impls/hf_kernels_causal_conv1d.md" target="_blank" class="github-btn">GitHub</a>
+</div>
+<div id="code-nv" class="cell-code" data-lines="2">
+<div class="code-wrap">
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">subprocess</span>
+<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">subprocess</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">run</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s2">&quot;nvidia-smi&quot;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">capture_output</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<div class="code-line-highlight" id="line-highlight-nv"></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="output-nv" class="cell-output">
+<div class="cell-stdout"><pre class="stdout-text">Tue Oct 28 14:08:09 2025       
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| NVIDIA-SMI 570.195.03             Driver Version: 570.195.03     CUDA Version: 12.8     |
+|-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
+| GPU  Name                 Persistence-M | Bus-Id          Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
+| Fan  Temp   Perf          Pwr:Usage/Cap |           Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
+|                                         |                        |               MIG M. |
+|=========================================+========================+======================|
+|   0  NVIDIA L40S                    On  |   00000000:4D:00.0 Off |                    0 |
+| N/A   28C    P0             80W /  350W |       0MiB /  46068MiB |     19%      Default |
+|                                         |                        |                  N/A |
++-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
+
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Processes:                                                                              |
+|  GPU   GI   CI              PID   Type   Process name                        GPU Memory |
+|        ID   ID                                                               Usage      |
+|=========================================================================================|
+|  No running processes found                                                             |
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<h2>Causal Conv1D Benchmark</h2>
+<div class="cell" id="cell-benchmark">
+<div class="cell-header">
+<span class="collapse-indicators">
+<span onclick="toggleCode('benchmark')" style="cursor: pointer;">▼ code</span> 
+<span onclick="toggleOutput('benchmark')" style="cursor: pointer;">▼ output</span>
+ <span id="uv-indicator-benchmark" onclick="toggleUvLogsFromHeader('benchmark')" style="cursor: pointer;">▶ uv-logs</span>
+</span> | 
+Cell: benchmark | 9.91s
+ | <button class="run-btn" onclick="runCell('benchmark')">▶ run</button>
+<button class="copy-btn" onclick="copyCell('benchmark')">Copy</button>
+<a href="cells/benchmark.py" target="_blank" class="raw-btn">Raw</a>
+<a href="https://github.com/huggingface/kernels-uvnotes/blob/main/causal_conv1d/impls/hf_kernels_causal_conv1d.md" target="_blank" class="github-btn">GitHub</a>
+</div>
+<div id="code-benchmark" class="cell-code" data-lines="31">
+<div class="code-wrap">
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># /// script</span>
+<span class="c1"># requires-python = &quot;&gt;=3.10&quot;</span>
+<span class="c1"># dependencies = [</span>
+<span class="c1">#     &quot;numpy&quot;,</span>
+<span class="c1">#     &quot;torch==2.8.0&quot;,</span>
+<span class="c1">#     &quot;kernels-benchmark-tools&quot;,</span>
+<span class="c1">#     &quot;kernels&quot;,</span>
+<span class="c1"># ]</span>
+<span class="c1">#</span>
+<span class="c1"># [tool.uv.sources]</span>
+<span class="c1"># kernels-benchmark-tools = { path = &quot;../../../../../tools&quot;, editable = true }</span>
+<span class="c1"># ///</span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">torch</span>
+<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">sys</span>
+<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">kernels_benchmark_tools</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">KernelTypeEnum</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">run_benchmark</span>
+<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">kernels</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">get_kernel</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># Load the causal conv1d kernel</span>
+<span class="n">causal_conv1d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">get_kernel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;kernels-community/causal-conv1d&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+
+<span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">hf_kernels_causal_conv1d</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">input_tensor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bias</span><span class="p">):</span>
+    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">causal_conv1d</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">causal_conv1d_fn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">input_tensor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bias</span><span class="p">)</span>
+
+
+<span class="n">run_benchmark</span><span class="p">(</span>
+    <span class="n">kernel_type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">KernelTypeEnum</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CAUSAL_CONV1D</span><span class="p">,</span>
+    <span class="n">impl_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;hf_kernels_causal_conv1d&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+    <span class="n">impl_tags</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">&quot;family&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;hf-kernels&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;backend&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;cuda&quot;</span><span class="p">},</span>
+    <span class="n">impl_func</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">hf_kernels_causal_conv1d</span><span class="p">,</span>
+<span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<div class="code-line-highlight" id="line-highlight-benchmark"></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="output-benchmark" class="cell-output">
+<div class="cell-stdout"><pre class="stdout-text">Running causal_conv1d benchmark on cuda with 24 workloads.
+
+======================================================================
+PROFILE TRACE: hf_kernels_causal_conv1d | cuda_B2_D64_S128_W2
+======================================================================
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                                                   Name    Self CPU %      Self CPU   CPU total %     CPU total  CPU time avg     Self CUDA   Self CUDA %    CUDA total  CUDA time avg    # of Calls  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us     153.312us      3772.44%     153.312us     153.312us             1  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         8.26%     153.696us        99.59%       1.854ms       1.854ms       0.000us         0.00%       5.504us       5.504us             1  
+                                         CausalConv1dFn         6.06%     112.844us        91.33%       1.700ms     566.616us       0.000us         0.00%       5.504us       1.835us             3  
+              _causal_conv1d_90f5a60::causal_conv1d_fwd         1.41%      26.281us        81.37%       1.514ms     504.821us       4.064us       100.00%       5.504us       1.835us             3  
+void causal_conv1d_fwd_kernel&lt;Causal_conv1d_fwd_kern...         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us       4.064us       100.00%       4.064us       1.355us             3  
+                                Activity Buffer Request        77.27%       1.438ms        77.27%       1.438ms       1.438ms       1.440us        35.43%       1.440us       1.440us             1  
+                                       aten::empty_like         1.15%      21.339us         3.90%      72.543us      24.181us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                    aten::empty_strided         2.75%      51.204us         2.75%      51.204us      17.068us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                       cudaLaunchKernel         2.69%      50.001us         2.69%      50.001us      16.667us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                  cudaDeviceSynchronize         0.41%       7.700us         0.41%       7.700us       7.700us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             1  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+Self CPU time total: 1.861ms
+Self CUDA time total: 4.064us
+
+
+
+======================================================================
+PROFILE TRACE: hf_kernels_causal_conv1d | cuda_B2_D64_S128_W4
+======================================================================
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                                                   Name    Self CPU %      Self CPU   CPU total %     CPU total  CPU time avg     Self CUDA   Self CUDA %    CUDA total  CUDA time avg    # of Calls  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us     128.895us      3412.63%     128.895us     128.895us             1  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         5.00%      84.832us        99.68%       1.692ms       1.692ms       0.000us         0.00%       5.026us       5.026us             1  
+                                         CausalConv1dFn         4.43%      75.123us        94.68%       1.607ms     535.685us       0.000us         0.00%       5.026us       1.675us             3  
+              _causal_conv1d_90f5a60::causal_conv1d_fwd         1.59%      27.059us        88.41%       1.501ms     500.224us       3.777us       100.00%       5.026us       1.675us             3  
+void causal_conv1d_fwd_kernel&lt;Causal_conv1d_fwd_kern...         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us       3.777us       100.00%       3.777us       1.259us             3  
+                                Activity Buffer Request        84.88%       1.441ms        84.88%       1.441ms       1.441ms       1.249us        33.07%       1.249us       1.249us             1  
+                                       aten::empty_like         0.54%       9.230us         1.84%      31.262us      10.421us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                    aten::empty_strided         1.30%      22.032us         1.30%      22.032us       7.344us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                       cudaLaunchKernel         1.94%      32.892us         1.94%      32.892us      10.964us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                  cudaDeviceSynchronize         0.32%       5.440us         0.32%       5.440us       5.440us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             1  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+Self CPU time total: 1.697ms
+Self CUDA time total: 3.777us
+
+
+
+======================================================================
+PROFILE TRACE: hf_kernels_causal_conv1d | cuda_B2_D64_S512_W2
+======================================================================
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                                                   Name    Self CPU %      Self CPU   CPU total %     CPU total  CPU time avg     Self CUDA   Self CUDA %    CUDA total  CUDA time avg    # of Calls  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us     124.670us      3273.90%     124.670us     124.670us             1  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         4.86%      81.824us        99.65%       1.679ms       1.679ms       0.000us         0.00%       5.056us       5.056us             1  
+                                         CausalConv1dFn         4.28%      72.081us        94.80%       1.598ms     532.512us       0.000us         0.00%       5.056us       1.685us             3  
+              _causal_conv1d_90f5a60::causal_conv1d_fwd         1.53%      25.732us        88.63%       1.494ms     497.871us       3.808us       100.00%       5.056us       1.685us             3  
+void causal_conv1d_fwd_kernel&lt;Causal_conv1d_fwd_kern...         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us       3.808us       100.00%       3.808us       1.269us             3  
+                                Activity Buffer Request        85.15%       1.435ms        85.15%       1.435ms       1.435ms       1.248us        32.77%       1.248us       1.248us             1  
+                                       aten::empty_like         0.59%       9.910us         1.89%      31.841us      10.614us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                    aten::empty_strided         1.30%      21.931us         1.30%      21.931us       7.310us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                       cudaLaunchKernel         1.96%      32.960us         1.96%      32.960us      10.987us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                  cudaDeviceSynchronize         0.35%       5.830us         0.35%       5.830us       5.830us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             1  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+Self CPU time total: 1.685ms
+Self CUDA time total: 3.808us
+
+
+
+======================================================================
+PROFILE TRACE: hf_kernels_causal_conv1d | cuda_B2_D64_S512_W4
+======================================================================
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                                                   Name    Self CPU %      Self CPU   CPU total %     CPU total  CPU time avg     Self CUDA   Self CUDA %    CUDA total  CUDA time avg    # of Calls  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us     131.358us      3479.68%     131.358us     131.358us             1  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         4.44%      83.422us        99.71%       1.875ms       1.875ms       0.000us         0.00%       5.054us       5.054us             1  
+                                         CausalConv1dFn         4.02%      75.643us        95.28%       1.792ms     597.348us       0.000us         0.00%       5.054us       1.685us             3  
+              _causal_conv1d_90f5a60::causal_conv1d_fwd         1.36%      25.501us        89.54%       1.684ms     561.363us       3.775us       100.00%       5.054us       1.685us             3  
+void causal_conv1d_fwd_kernel&lt;Causal_conv1d_fwd_kern...         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us       3.775us       100.00%       3.775us       1.258us             3  
+                                Activity Buffer Request        75.66%       1.423ms        75.66%       1.423ms       1.423ms       1.279us        33.88%       1.279us       1.279us             1  
+                                       aten::empty_like         0.55%      10.279us         1.72%      32.311us      10.770us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                    aten::empty_strided         1.17%      22.032us         1.17%      22.032us       7.344us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                       cudaLaunchKernel        12.52%     235.449us        12.52%     235.449us      78.483us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                  cudaDeviceSynchronize         0.29%       5.400us         0.29%       5.400us       5.400us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             1  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+Self CPU time total: 1.881ms
+Self CUDA time total: 3.775us
+
+
+
+======================================================================
+PROFILE TRACE: hf_kernels_causal_conv1d | cuda_B2_D64_S2048_W2
+======================================================================
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                                                   Name    Self CPU %      Self CPU   CPU total %     CPU total  CPU time avg     Self CUDA   Self CUDA %    CUDA total  CUDA time avg    # of Calls  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us     129.694us      2701.96%     129.694us     129.694us             1  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         4.57%      82.923us        99.70%       1.809ms       1.809ms       0.000us         0.00%       6.432us       6.432us             1  
+                                         CausalConv1dFn         4.25%      77.065us        95.13%       1.727ms     575.517us       0.000us         0.00%       6.432us       2.144us             3  
+              _causal_conv1d_90f5a60::causal_conv1d_fwd         1.43%      25.889us        89.13%       1.618ms     539.172us       4.800us       100.00%       6.432us       2.144us             3  
+void causal_conv1d_fwd_kernel&lt;Causal_conv1d_fwd_kern...         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us       4.800us       100.00%       4.800us       1.600us             3  
+                                Activity Buffer Request        78.67%       1.428ms        78.67%       1.428ms       1.428ms       1.632us        34.00%       1.632us       1.632us             1  
+                                       aten::empty_like         0.53%       9.690us         1.76%      31.970us      10.657us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                    aten::empty_strided         1.23%      22.280us         1.23%      22.280us       7.427us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                       cudaLaunchKernel         9.03%     163.837us         9.03%     163.837us      54.612us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                  cudaDeviceSynchronize         0.30%       5.391us         0.30%       5.391us       5.391us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             1  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+Self CPU time total: 1.815ms
+Self CUDA time total: 4.800us
+
+
+
+======================================================================
+PROFILE TRACE: hf_kernels_causal_conv1d | cuda_B2_D64_S2048_W4
+======================================================================
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                                                   Name    Self CPU %      Self CPU   CPU total %     CPU total  CPU time avg     Self CUDA   Self CUDA %    CUDA total  CUDA time avg    # of Calls  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us     118.655us      2439.95%     118.655us     118.655us             1  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d        15.62%      77.102us        98.87%     488.177us     488.177us       0.000us         0.00%       6.495us       6.495us             1  
+                                         CausalConv1dFn        14.62%      72.193us        83.25%     411.075us     137.025us       0.000us         0.00%       6.495us       2.165us             3  
+              _causal_conv1d_90f5a60::causal_conv1d_fwd         5.27%      26.040us        62.53%     308.751us     102.917us       4.863us       100.00%       6.495us       2.165us             3  
+void causal_conv1d_fwd_kernel&lt;Causal_conv1d_fwd_kern...         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us       4.863us       100.00%       4.863us       1.621us             3  
+                                Activity Buffer Request        25.28%     124.815us        25.28%     124.815us     124.815us       1.632us        33.56%       1.632us       1.632us             1  
+                                       aten::empty_like         1.61%       7.949us         6.10%      30.131us      10.044us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                    aten::empty_strided         4.49%      22.182us         4.49%      22.182us       7.394us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                       cudaLaunchKernel        31.98%     157.896us        31.98%     157.896us      52.632us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                  cudaDeviceSynchronize         1.13%       5.580us         1.13%       5.580us       5.580us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             1  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+Self CPU time total: 493.757us
+Self CUDA time total: 4.863us
+
+
+
+======================================================================
+PROFILE TRACE: hf_kernels_causal_conv1d | cuda_B2_D2048_S128_W2
+======================================================================
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                                                   Name    Self CPU %      Self CPU   CPU total %     CPU total  CPU time avg     Self CUDA   Self CUDA %    CUDA total  CUDA time avg    # of Calls  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us     126.463us      1179.69%     126.463us     126.463us             1  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         4.44%      79.793us        99.69%       1.793ms       1.793ms       0.000us         0.00%      14.304us      14.304us             1  
+                                         CausalConv1dFn         3.96%      71.252us        95.25%       1.713ms     571.037us       0.000us         0.00%      14.304us       4.768us             3  
+              _causal_conv1d_90f5a60::causal_conv1d_fwd         1.37%      24.661us        89.51%       1.610ms     536.652us      10.720us       100.00%      14.304us       4.768us             3  
+void causal_conv1d_fwd_kernel&lt;Causal_conv1d_fwd_kern...         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us      10.720us       100.00%      10.720us       3.573us             3  
+                                Activity Buffer Request        79.30%       1.426ms        79.30%       1.426ms       1.426ms       3.584us        33.43%       3.584us       3.584us             1  
+                                       aten::empty_like         0.54%       9.750us         1.77%      31.901us      10.634us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                    aten::empty_strided         1.23%      22.151us         1.23%      22.151us       7.384us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                       cudaLaunchKernel         8.84%     159.036us         8.84%     159.036us      53.012us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                  cudaDeviceSynchronize         0.31%       5.660us         0.31%       5.660us       5.660us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             1  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+Self CPU time total: 1.799ms
+Self CUDA time total: 10.720us
+
+
+
+======================================================================
+PROFILE TRACE: hf_kernels_causal_conv1d | cuda_B2_D2048_S128_W4
+======================================================================
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                                                   Name    Self CPU %      Self CPU   CPU total %     CPU total  CPU time avg     Self CUDA   Self CUDA %    CUDA total  CUDA time avg    # of Calls  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us     122.490us      1115.98%     122.490us     122.490us             1  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d        17.58%      82.141us        98.94%     462.145us     462.145us       0.000us         0.00%      14.656us      14.656us             1  
+                                         CausalConv1dFn        15.46%      72.195us        81.35%     380.004us     126.668us       0.000us         0.00%      14.656us       4.885us             3  
+              _causal_conv1d_90f5a60::causal_conv1d_fwd         5.51%      25.720us        59.56%     278.229us      92.743us      10.976us       100.00%      14.656us       4.885us             3  
+void causal_conv1d_fwd_kernel&lt;Causal_conv1d_fwd_kern...         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us      10.976us       100.00%      10.976us       3.659us             3  
+                                Activity Buffer Request        20.67%      96.553us        20.67%      96.553us      96.553us       3.680us        33.53%       3.680us       3.680us             1  
+                                       aten::empty_like         1.79%       8.340us         6.33%      29.580us       9.860us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                    aten::empty_strided         4.55%      21.240us         4.55%      21.240us       7.080us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                       cudaLaunchKernel        33.39%     155.956us        33.39%     155.956us      51.985us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                  cudaDeviceSynchronize         1.06%       4.970us         1.06%       4.970us       4.970us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             1  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+Self CPU time total: 467.115us
+Self CUDA time total: 10.976us
+
+
+
+======================================================================
+PROFILE TRACE: hf_kernels_causal_conv1d | cuda_B2_D2048_S512_W2
+======================================================================
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                                                   Name    Self CPU %      Self CPU   CPU total %     CPU total  CPU time avg     Self CUDA   Self CUDA %    CUDA total  CUDA time avg    # of Calls  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us     128.671us      1165.50%     128.671us     128.671us             1  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         4.51%      81.351us        99.72%       1.798ms       1.798ms       0.000us         0.00%      14.784us      14.784us             1  
+                                         CausalConv1dFn         4.05%      73.093us        95.21%       1.717ms     572.174us       0.000us         0.00%      14.784us       4.928us             3  
+              _causal_conv1d_90f5a60::causal_conv1d_fwd         1.34%      24.081us        89.39%       1.612ms     537.183us      11.040us       100.00%      14.784us       4.928us             3  
+void causal_conv1d_fwd_kernel&lt;Causal_conv1d_fwd_kern...         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us      11.040us       100.00%      11.040us       3.680us             3  
+                                Activity Buffer Request        79.34%       1.430ms        79.34%       1.430ms       1.430ms       3.744us        33.91%       3.744us       3.744us             1  
+                                       aten::empty_like         0.49%       8.921us         1.77%      31.881us      10.627us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                    aten::empty_strided         1.27%      22.960us         1.27%      22.960us       7.653us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                       cudaLaunchKernel         8.72%     157.177us         8.72%     157.177us      52.392us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                  cudaDeviceSynchronize         0.28%       4.970us         0.28%       4.970us       4.970us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             1  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+Self CPU time total: 1.803ms
+Self CUDA time total: 11.040us
+
+
+
+======================================================================
+PROFILE TRACE: hf_kernels_causal_conv1d | cuda_B2_D2048_S512_W4
+======================================================================
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                                                   Name    Self CPU %      Self CPU   CPU total %     CPU total  CPU time avg     Self CUDA   Self CUDA %    CUDA total  CUDA time avg    # of Calls  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us     125.762us      1085.65%     125.762us     125.762us             1  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d        16.83%      79.002us        98.82%     463.887us     463.887us       0.000us         0.00%      15.360us      15.360us             1  
+                                         CausalConv1dFn        15.62%      73.323us        81.99%     384.885us     128.295us       0.000us         0.00%      15.360us       5.120us             3  
+              _causal_conv1d_90f5a60::causal_conv1d_fwd         5.37%      25.230us        59.95%     281.430us      93.810us      11.584us       100.00%      15.360us       5.120us             3  
+void causal_conv1d_fwd_kernel&lt;Causal_conv1d_fwd_kern...         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us      11.584us       100.00%      11.584us       3.861us             3  
+                                Activity Buffer Request        20.79%      97.593us        20.79%      97.593us      97.593us       3.776us        32.60%       3.776us       3.776us             1  
+                                       aten::empty_like         1.82%       8.531us         6.42%      30.132us      10.044us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                    aten::empty_strided         4.60%      21.601us         4.60%      21.601us       7.200us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                       cudaLaunchKernel        33.79%     158.607us        33.79%     158.607us      52.869us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                  cudaDeviceSynchronize         1.18%       5.530us         1.18%       5.530us       5.530us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             1  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+Self CPU time total: 469.417us
+Self CUDA time total: 11.584us
+
+
+
+======================================================================
+PROFILE TRACE: hf_kernels_causal_conv1d | cuda_B2_D2048_S2048_W2
+======================================================================
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                                                   Name    Self CPU %      Self CPU   CPU total %     CPU total  CPU time avg     Self CUDA   Self CUDA %    CUDA total  CUDA time avg    # of Calls  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us     134.046us       264.80%     134.046us     134.046us             1  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         4.19%      76.942us        99.71%       1.832ms       1.832ms       0.000us         0.00%      84.285us      84.285us             1  
+                                         CausalConv1dFn         4.10%      75.381us        95.52%       1.755ms     585.044us       0.000us         0.00%      84.285us      28.095us             3  
+              _causal_conv1d_90f5a60::causal_conv1d_fwd         1.30%      23.952us        89.70%       1.648ms     549.413us      50.622us       100.00%      84.285us      28.095us             3  
+void causal_conv1d_fwd_kernel&lt;Causal_conv1d_fwd_kern...         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us      50.622us       100.00%      50.622us      16.874us             3  
+                                Activity Buffer Request        78.71%       1.446ms        78.71%       1.446ms       1.446ms      33.663us        66.50%      33.663us      33.663us             1  
+                                       aten::empty_like         0.54%       9.991us         1.71%      31.512us      10.504us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                    aten::empty_strided         1.17%      21.521us         1.17%      21.521us       7.174us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                       cudaLaunchKernel         9.69%     177.966us         9.69%     177.966us      59.322us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                  cudaDeviceSynchronize         0.29%       5.380us         0.29%       5.380us       5.380us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             1  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+Self CPU time total: 1.837ms
+Self CUDA time total: 50.622us
+
+
+
+======================================================================
+PROFILE TRACE: hf_kernels_causal_conv1d | cuda_B2_D2048_S2048_W4
+======================================================================
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                                                   Name    Self CPU %      Self CPU   CPU total %     CPU total  CPU time avg     Self CUDA   Self CUDA %    CUDA total  CUDA time avg    # of Calls  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us     124.639us       241.17%     124.639us     124.639us             1  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d        12.15%      73.652us        99.08%     600.632us     600.632us       0.000us         0.00%      86.272us      86.272us             1  
+                                         CausalConv1dFn        11.76%      71.283us        86.93%     526.980us     175.660us       0.000us         0.00%      86.272us      28.757us             3  
+              _causal_conv1d_90f5a60::causal_conv1d_fwd         4.05%      24.580us        70.27%     425.965us     141.988us      51.680us       100.00%      86.272us      28.757us             3  
+void causal_conv1d_fwd_kernel&lt;Causal_conv1d_fwd_kern...         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us      51.680us       100.00%      51.680us      17.227us             3  
+                                Activity Buffer Request        38.62%     234.139us        38.62%     234.139us     234.139us      34.592us        66.93%      34.592us      34.592us             1  
+                                       aten::empty_like         1.31%       7.952us         4.90%      29.732us       9.911us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                    aten::empty_strided         3.59%      21.780us         3.59%      21.780us       7.260us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                       cudaLaunchKernel        27.59%     167.246us        27.59%     167.246us      55.749us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                  cudaDeviceSynchronize         0.92%       5.560us         0.92%       5.560us       5.560us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             1  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+Self CPU time total: 606.192us
+Self CUDA time total: 51.680us
+
+
+
+======================================================================
+PROFILE TRACE: hf_kernels_causal_conv1d | cuda_B4_D64_S128_W2
+======================================================================
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                                                   Name    Self CPU %      Self CPU   CPU total %     CPU total  CPU time avg     Self CUDA   Self CUDA %    CUDA total  CUDA time avg    # of Calls  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us     117.184us      3001.64%     117.184us     117.184us             1  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d        11.99%      71.634us        99.07%     591.661us     591.661us       0.000us         0.00%       5.152us       5.152us             1  
+                                         CausalConv1dFn        11.65%      69.552us        87.08%     520.027us     173.342us       0.000us         0.00%       5.152us       1.717us             3  
+              _causal_conv1d_90f5a60::causal_conv1d_fwd         4.09%      24.400us        70.30%     419.834us     139.945us       3.904us       100.00%       5.152us       1.717us             3  
+void causal_conv1d_fwd_kernel&lt;Causal_conv1d_fwd_kern...         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us       3.904us       100.00%       3.904us       1.301us             3  
+                                Activity Buffer Request        39.52%     236.029us        39.52%     236.029us     236.029us       1.248us        31.97%       1.248us       1.248us             1  
+                                       aten::empty_like         1.39%       8.281us         5.13%      30.641us      10.214us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                    aten::empty_strided         3.74%      22.360us         3.74%      22.360us       7.453us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                       cudaLaunchKernel        26.69%     159.405us        26.69%     159.405us      53.135us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                  cudaDeviceSynchronize         0.93%       5.550us         0.93%       5.550us       5.550us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             1  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+Self CPU time total: 597.211us
+Self CUDA time total: 3.904us
+
+
+
+======================================================================
+PROFILE TRACE: hf_kernels_causal_conv1d | cuda_B4_D64_S128_W4
+======================================================================
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                                                   Name    Self CPU %      Self CPU   CPU total %     CPU total  CPU time avg     Self CUDA   Self CUDA %    CUDA total  CUDA time avg    # of Calls  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us     129.214us      3308.94%     129.214us     129.214us             1  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d        14.44%      74.841us        98.93%     512.678us     512.678us       0.000us         0.00%       5.154us       5.154us             1  
+                                         CausalConv1dFn        14.14%      73.283us        84.49%     437.837us     145.946us       0.000us         0.00%       5.154us       1.718us             3  
+              _causal_conv1d_90f5a60::causal_conv1d_fwd         6.57%      34.031us        64.55%     334.472us     111.491us       3.905us       100.00%       5.154us       1.718us             3  
+void causal_conv1d_fwd_kernel&lt;Causal_conv1d_fwd_kern...         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us       3.905us       100.00%       3.905us       1.302us             3  
+                                Activity Buffer Request        27.83%     144.225us        27.83%     144.225us     144.225us       1.249us        31.98%       1.249us       1.249us             1  
+                                       aten::empty_like         1.69%       8.750us         5.81%      30.082us      10.027us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                    aten::empty_strided         4.12%      21.332us         4.12%      21.332us       7.111us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                       cudaLaunchKernel        30.15%     156.216us        30.15%     156.216us      52.072us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                  cudaDeviceSynchronize         1.07%       5.520us         1.07%       5.520us       5.520us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             1  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+Self CPU time total: 518.198us
+Self CUDA time total: 3.905us
+
+
+
+======================================================================
+PROFILE TRACE: hf_kernels_causal_conv1d | cuda_B4_D64_S512_W2
+======================================================================
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                                                   Name    Self CPU %      Self CPU   CPU total %     CPU total  CPU time avg     Self CUDA   Self CUDA %    CUDA total  CUDA time avg    # of Calls  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us     118.525us      2939.61%     118.525us     118.525us             1  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d        13.97%      75.404us        99.13%     534.960us     534.960us       0.000us         0.00%       5.376us       5.376us             1  
+                                         CausalConv1dFn        13.10%      70.683us        85.16%     459.556us     153.185us       0.000us         0.00%       5.376us       1.792us             3  
+              _causal_conv1d_90f5a60::causal_conv1d_fwd         4.73%      25.549us        66.42%     358.442us     119.481us       4.032us       100.00%       5.376us       1.792us             3  
+void causal_conv1d_fwd_kernel&lt;Causal_conv1d_fwd_kern...         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us       4.032us       100.00%       4.032us       1.344us             3  
+                                Activity Buffer Request        32.81%     177.046us        32.81%     177.046us     177.046us       1.344us        33.33%       1.344us       1.344us             1  
+                                       aten::empty_like         1.62%       8.721us         5.64%      30.431us      10.144us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                    aten::empty_strided         4.02%      21.710us         4.02%      21.710us       7.237us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                       cudaLaunchKernel        28.88%     155.847us        28.88%     155.847us      51.949us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                  cudaDeviceSynchronize         0.87%       4.710us         0.87%       4.710us       4.710us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             1  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+Self CPU time total: 539.670us
+Self CUDA time total: 4.032us
+
+
+
+======================================================================
+PROFILE TRACE: hf_kernels_causal_conv1d | cuda_B4_D64_S512_W4
+======================================================================
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                                                   Name    Self CPU %      Self CPU   CPU total %     CPU total  CPU time avg     Self CUDA   Self CUDA %    CUDA total  CUDA time avg    # of Calls  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us     115.905us      2852.70%     115.905us     115.905us             1  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d        16.16%      74.143us        98.83%     453.315us     453.315us       0.000us         0.00%       5.407us       5.407us             1  
+                                         CausalConv1dFn        14.93%      68.471us        82.67%     379.172us     126.391us       0.000us         0.00%       5.407us       1.802us             3  
+              _causal_conv1d_90f5a60::causal_conv1d_fwd         5.63%      25.811us        61.32%     281.280us      93.760us       4.063us       100.00%       5.407us       1.802us             3  
+void causal_conv1d_fwd_kernel&lt;Causal_conv1d_fwd_kern...         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us       4.063us       100.00%       4.063us       1.354us             3  
+                                Activity Buffer Request        21.83%     100.113us        21.83%     100.113us     100.113us       1.344us        33.08%       1.344us       1.344us             1  
+                                       aten::empty_like         1.88%       8.641us         6.41%      29.421us       9.807us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                    aten::empty_strided         4.53%      20.780us         4.53%      20.780us       6.927us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                       cudaLaunchKernel        33.87%     155.356us        33.87%     155.356us      51.785us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                  cudaDeviceSynchronize         1.17%       5.370us         1.17%       5.370us       5.370us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             1  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+Self CPU time total: 458.685us
+Self CUDA time total: 4.063us
+
+
+
+======================================================================
+PROFILE TRACE: hf_kernels_causal_conv1d | cuda_B4_D64_S2048_W2
+======================================================================
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                                                   Name    Self CPU %      Self CPU   CPU total %     CPU total  CPU time avg     Self CUDA   Self CUDA %    CUDA total  CUDA time avg    # of Calls  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us     122.141us      2271.97%     122.141us     122.141us             1  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d        11.82%      75.911us        99.15%     636.712us     636.712us       0.000us         0.00%       7.200us       7.200us             1  
+                                         CausalConv1dFn        11.01%      70.722us        87.33%     560.801us     186.934us       0.000us         0.00%       7.200us       2.400us             3  
+              _causal_conv1d_90f5a60::causal_conv1d_fwd         4.24%      27.210us        71.66%     460.136us     153.379us       5.376us       100.00%       7.200us       2.400us             3  
+void causal_conv1d_fwd_kernel&lt;Causal_conv1d_fwd_kern...         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us       5.376us       100.00%       5.376us       1.792us             3  
+                                Activity Buffer Request        43.06%     276.540us        43.06%     276.540us     276.540us       1.824us        33.93%       1.824us       1.824us             1  
+                                       aten::empty_like         1.25%       8.002us         4.66%      29.943us       9.981us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                    aten::empty_strided         3.42%      21.941us         3.42%      21.941us       7.314us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                       cudaLaunchKernel        24.35%     156.386us        24.35%     156.386us      52.129us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                  cudaDeviceSynchronize         0.85%       5.440us         0.85%       5.440us       5.440us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             1  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+Self CPU time total: 642.152us
+Self CUDA time total: 5.376us
+
+
+
+======================================================================
+PROFILE TRACE: hf_kernels_causal_conv1d | cuda_B4_D64_S2048_W4
+======================================================================
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                                                   Name    Self CPU %      Self CPU   CPU total %     CPU total  CPU time avg     Self CUDA   Self CUDA %    CUDA total  CUDA time avg    # of Calls  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us     117.822us      2140.66%     117.822us     117.822us             1  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d        16.30%      72.964us        98.80%     442.326us     442.326us       0.000us         0.00%       7.392us       7.392us             1  
+                                         CausalConv1dFn        16.19%      72.472us        82.50%     369.362us     123.121us       0.000us         0.00%       7.392us       2.464us             3  
+              _causal_conv1d_90f5a60::causal_conv1d_fwd         5.63%      25.211us        59.71%     267.319us      89.106us       5.504us       100.00%       7.392us       2.464us             3  
+void causal_conv1d_fwd_kernel&lt;Causal_conv1d_fwd_kern...         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us       5.504us       100.00%       5.504us       1.835us             3  
+                                Activity Buffer Request        19.35%      86.632us        19.35%      86.632us      86.632us       1.888us        34.30%       1.888us       1.888us             1  
+                                       aten::empty_like         1.85%       8.281us         6.60%      29.571us       9.857us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                    aten::empty_strided         4.76%      21.290us         4.76%      21.290us       7.097us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                       cudaLaunchKernel        34.73%     155.476us        34.73%     155.476us      51.825us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                  cudaDeviceSynchronize         1.20%       5.391us         1.20%       5.391us       5.391us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             1  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+Self CPU time total: 447.717us
+Self CUDA time total: 5.504us
+
+
+
+======================================================================
+PROFILE TRACE: hf_kernels_causal_conv1d | cuda_B4_D2048_S128_W2
+======================================================================
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                                                   Name    Self CPU %      Self CPU   CPU total %     CPU total  CPU time avg     Self CUDA   Self CUDA %    CUDA total  CUDA time avg    # of Calls  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us     125.728us       716.97%     125.728us     125.728us             1  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d        11.80%      75.821us        99.14%     637.002us     637.002us       0.000us         0.00%      23.392us      23.392us             1  
+                                         CausalConv1dFn        11.24%      72.243us        87.34%     561.181us     187.060us       0.000us         0.00%      23.392us       7.797us             3  
+              _causal_conv1d_90f5a60::causal_conv1d_fwd         4.08%      26.210us        71.24%     457.746us     152.582us      17.536us       100.00%      23.392us       7.797us             3  
+void causal_conv1d_fwd_kernel&lt;Causal_conv1d_fwd_kern...         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us      17.536us       100.00%      17.536us       5.845us             3  
+                                Activity Buffer Request        42.92%     275.770us        42.92%     275.770us     275.770us       5.856us        33.39%       5.856us       5.856us             1  
+                                       aten::empty_like         1.45%       9.311us         4.85%      31.192us      10.397us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                    aten::empty_strided         3.41%      21.881us         3.41%      21.881us       7.294us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                       cudaLaunchKernel        24.24%     155.766us        24.24%     155.766us      51.922us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                  cudaDeviceSynchronize         0.86%       5.550us         0.86%       5.550us       5.550us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             1  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+Self CPU time total: 642.552us
+Self CUDA time total: 17.536us
+
+
+
+======================================================================
+PROFILE TRACE: hf_kernels_causal_conv1d | cuda_B4_D2048_S128_W4
+======================================================================
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                                                   Name    Self CPU %      Self CPU   CPU total %     CPU total  CPU time avg     Self CUDA   Self CUDA %    CUDA total  CUDA time avg    # of Calls  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us     123.901us       690.22%     123.901us     123.901us             1  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d        16.99%      75.711us        98.78%     440.245us     440.245us       0.000us         0.00%      23.967us      23.967us             1  
+                                         CausalConv1dFn        15.81%      70.471us        81.79%     364.534us     121.511us       0.000us         0.00%      23.967us       7.989us             3  
+              _causal_conv1d_90f5a60::causal_conv1d_fwd         5.65%      25.192us        59.40%     264.751us      88.250us      17.951us       100.00%      23.967us       7.989us             3  
+void causal_conv1d_fwd_kernel&lt;Causal_conv1d_fwd_kern...         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us      17.951us       100.00%      17.951us       5.984us             3  
+                                Activity Buffer Request        18.53%      82.593us        18.53%      82.593us      82.593us       6.016us        33.51%       6.016us       6.016us             1  
+                                       aten::empty_like         1.75%       7.802us         6.58%      29.312us       9.771us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                    aten::empty_strided         4.83%      21.510us         4.83%      21.510us       7.170us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                       cudaLaunchKernel        35.22%     156.966us        35.22%     156.966us      52.322us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                  cudaDeviceSynchronize         1.22%       5.440us         1.22%       5.440us       5.440us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             1  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+Self CPU time total: 445.685us
+Self CUDA time total: 17.951us
+
+
+
+======================================================================
+PROFILE TRACE: hf_kernels_causal_conv1d | cuda_B4_D2048_S512_W2
+======================================================================
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                                                   Name    Self CPU %      Self CPU   CPU total %     CPU total  CPU time avg     Self CUDA   Self CUDA %    CUDA total  CUDA time avg    # of Calls  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us     131.804us       730.34%     131.804us     131.804us             1  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d        11.57%      77.592us        99.18%     665.133us     665.133us       0.000us         0.00%      24.094us      24.094us             1  
+                                         CausalConv1dFn        10.93%      73.321us        87.61%     587.541us     195.847us       0.000us         0.00%      24.094us       8.031us             3  
+              _causal_conv1d_90f5a60::causal_conv1d_fwd         3.40%      22.811us        71.94%     482.478us     160.826us      18.047us       100.00%      24.094us       8.031us             3  
+void causal_conv1d_fwd_kernel&lt;Causal_conv1d_fwd_kern...         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us      18.047us       100.00%      18.047us       6.016us             3  
+                                Activity Buffer Request        44.54%     298.731us        44.54%     298.731us     298.731us       6.047us        33.51%       6.047us       6.047us             1  
+                                       aten::empty_like         1.35%       9.049us         4.73%      31.742us      10.581us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                    aten::empty_strided         3.38%      22.693us         3.38%      22.693us       7.564us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                       cudaLaunchKernel        24.00%     160.936us        24.00%     160.936us      53.645us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                  cudaDeviceSynchronize         0.82%       5.510us         0.82%       5.510us       5.510us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             1  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+Self CPU time total: 670.643us
+Self CUDA time total: 18.047us
+
+
+
+======================================================================
+PROFILE TRACE: hf_kernels_causal_conv1d | cuda_B4_D2048_S512_W4
+======================================================================
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                                                   Name    Self CPU %      Self CPU   CPU total %     CPU total  CPU time avg     Self CUDA   Self CUDA %    CUDA total  CUDA time avg    # of Calls  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us     122.267us       637.87%     122.267us     122.267us             1  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d        16.94%      75.003us        98.82%     437.665us     437.665us       0.000us         0.00%      25.632us      25.632us             1  
+                                         CausalConv1dFn        15.90%      70.409us        81.89%     362.662us     120.887us       0.000us         0.00%      25.632us       8.544us             3  
+              _causal_conv1d_90f5a60::causal_conv1d_fwd         5.97%      26.462us        59.15%     261.981us      87.327us      19.168us       100.00%      25.632us       8.544us             3  
+void causal_conv1d_fwd_kernel&lt;Causal_conv1d_fwd_kern...         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us      19.168us       100.00%      19.168us       6.389us             3  
+                                Activity Buffer Request        18.04%      79.883us        18.04%      79.883us      79.883us       6.464us        33.72%       6.464us       6.464us             1  
+                                       aten::empty_like         2.06%       9.102us         6.84%      30.272us      10.091us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                    aten::empty_strided         4.78%      21.170us         4.78%      21.170us       7.057us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                       cudaLaunchKernel        35.14%     155.636us        35.14%     155.636us      51.879us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                  cudaDeviceSynchronize         1.18%       5.220us         1.18%       5.220us       5.220us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             1  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+Self CPU time total: 442.885us
+Self CUDA time total: 19.168us
+
+
+
+======================================================================
+PROFILE TRACE: hf_kernels_causal_conv1d | cuda_B4_D2048_S2048_W2
+======================================================================
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                                                   Name    Self CPU %      Self CPU   CPU total %     CPU total  CPU time avg     Self CUDA   Self CUDA %    CUDA total  CUDA time avg    # of Calls  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         4.25%      77.621us        99.69%       1.822ms       1.822ms       0.000us         0.00%     163.007us     163.007us             1  
+                                         CausalConv1dFn         4.18%      76.374us        95.44%       1.744ms     581.328us       0.000us         0.00%     163.007us      54.336us             3  
+              _causal_conv1d_90f5a60::causal_conv1d_fwd         1.34%      24.550us        89.50%       1.636ms     545.169us      97.983us       100.00%     163.007us      54.336us             3  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us     142.719us       145.66%     142.719us     142.719us             1  
+void causal_conv1d_fwd_kernel&lt;Causal_conv1d_fwd_kern...         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us      97.983us       100.00%      97.983us      32.661us             3  
+                                Activity Buffer Request        79.33%       1.450ms        79.33%       1.450ms       1.450ms      65.024us        66.36%      65.024us      65.024us             1  
+                                       aten::empty_like         0.51%       9.271us         1.76%      32.102us      10.701us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                    aten::empty_strided         1.25%      22.831us         1.25%      22.831us       7.610us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                       cudaLaunchKernel         8.83%     161.275us         8.83%     161.275us      53.758us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                  cudaDeviceSynchronize         0.31%       5.740us         0.31%       5.740us       5.740us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             1  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+Self CPU time total: 1.827ms
+Self CUDA time total: 97.983us
+
+
+
+======================================================================
+PROFILE TRACE: hf_kernels_causal_conv1d | cuda_B4_D2048_S2048_W4
+======================================================================
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                                                   Name    Self CPU %      Self CPU   CPU total %     CPU total  CPU time avg     Self CUDA   Self CUDA %    CUDA total  CUDA time avg    # of Calls  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d        17.00%      78.131us        98.89%     454.476us     454.476us       0.000us         0.00%     164.440us     164.440us             1  
+                                         CausalConv1dFn        15.89%      73.024us        81.89%     376.345us     125.448us       0.000us         0.00%     164.440us      54.813us             3  
+              _causal_conv1d_90f5a60::causal_conv1d_fwd         5.76%      26.451us        59.63%     274.060us      91.353us      98.939us       100.00%     164.440us      54.813us             3  
+                               hf_kernels_causal_conv1d         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us     139.130us       140.62%     139.130us     139.130us             1  
+void causal_conv1d_fwd_kernel&lt;Causal_conv1d_fwd_kern...         0.00%       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us      98.939us       100.00%      98.939us      32.980us             3  
+                                Activity Buffer Request        18.20%      83.643us        18.20%      83.643us      83.643us      65.501us        66.20%      65.501us      65.501us             1  
+                                       aten::empty_like         1.75%       8.030us         6.37%      29.261us       9.754us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                    aten::empty_strided         4.62%      21.231us         4.62%      21.231us       7.077us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                       cudaLaunchKernel        35.68%     163.966us        35.68%     163.966us      54.655us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             3  
+                                  cudaDeviceSynchronize         1.11%       5.111us         1.11%       5.111us       5.111us       0.000us         0.00%       0.000us       0.000us             1  
+-------------------------------------------------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
+Self CPU time total: 459.587us
+Self CUDA time total: 98.939us
+
+
+impl                     wl                  p50(ms)  ok
+hf_kernels_causal_conv1d cuda_B2_D2048_S128_W2     0.05  True
+hf_kernels_causal_conv1d cuda_B2_D2048_S128_W4     0.05  True
+hf_kernels_causal_conv1d cuda_B2_D2048_S2048_W2     0.05  True
+hf_kernels_causal_conv1d cuda_B2_D2048_S2048_W4     0.05  True
+hf_kernels_causal_conv1d cuda_B2_D2048_S512_W2     0.05  True
+hf_kernels_causal_conv1d cuda_B2_D2048_S512_W4     0.05  True
+hf_kernels_causal_conv1d cuda_B2_D64_S128_W2     0.05  True
+hf_kernels_causal_conv1d cuda_B2_D64_S128_W4     0.05  True
+hf_kernels_causal_conv1d cuda_B2_D64_S2048_W2     0.05  True
+hf_kernels_causal_conv1d cuda_B2_D64_S2048_W4     0.05  True
+hf_kernels_causal_conv1d cuda_B2_D64_S512_W2     0.05  True
+hf_kernels_causal_conv1d cuda_B2_D64_S512_W4     0.05  True
+hf_kernels_causal_conv1d cuda_B4_D2048_S128_W2     0.05  True
+hf_kernels_causal_conv1d cuda_B4_D2048_S128_W4     0.05  True
+hf_kernels_causal_conv1d cuda_B4_D2048_S2048_W2     0.05  True
+hf_kernels_causal_conv1d cuda_B4_D2048_S2048_W4     0.05  True
+hf_kernels_causal_conv1d cuda_B4_D2048_S512_W2     0.05  True
+hf_kernels_causal_conv1d cuda_B4_D2048_S512_W4     0.05  True
+hf_kernels_causal_conv1d cuda_B4_D64_S128_W2     0.05  True
+hf_kernels_causal_conv1d cuda_B4_D64_S128_W4     0.05  True
+hf_kernels_causal_conv1d cuda_B4_D64_S2048_W2     0.05  True
+hf_kernels_causal_conv1d cuda_B4_D64_S2048_W4     0.05  True
+hf_kernels_causal_conv1d cuda_B4_D64_S512_W2     0.05  True
+hf_kernels_causal_conv1d cuda_B4_D64_S512_W4     0.05  True
+</pre></div>
+<div class="uv-install-logs" id="uv-logs-benchmark">
+<div class="uv-logs-header" onclick="toggleUvLogs(this)">▶ UV Install Logs</div>
+<div class="uv-logs-content" style="display: none;">
+Downloading hf-xet (3.2MiB)
+ Downloading hf-xet
+Installed 52 packages in 211ms
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="cell-stderr">Fetching 11 files:   0%|          | 0/11 [00:00&lt;?, ?it/s]
+Fetching 11 files:  64%|██████▎   | 7/11 [00:02&lt;00:01,  3.26it/s]
+Fetching 11 files: 100%|██████████| 11/11 [00:02&lt;00:00,  5.12it/s]</div>
+<div class="cell-artifacts">
+<h4>Artifacts:</h4>
+<a href="artifacts/benchmark/causal_conv1d.jsonl" class="artifact" target="_blank">causal_conv1d.jsonl</a>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+    </div>
+    
+</body>
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
