PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION, PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO::FETCH_ASSOC, PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => false, ]; // Create PDO instance try { $dsn = "mysql:host=" . DB_HOST . ";dbname=" . DB_NAME . ";charset=" . DB_CHARSET; $pdo = new PDO($dsn, DB_USER, DB_PASS, $options); } catch (PDOException $e) { die("Database connection failed: " . $e->getMessage()); }