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#!/usr/bin/env python3
# Copyright (C) 2024 Louis Chua Bean Chong
#
# This file is part of OpenLLM.
#
# OpenLLM is dual-licensed:
# 1. For open source use: GNU General Public License v3.0
# 2. For commercial use: Commercial License (contact for details)
#
# See LICENSE and docs/LICENSES.md for full license information.
"""
OpenLLM Text Generation Script
This script implements standalone text generation for OpenLLM models
as specified in Step 5 of the training pipeline (Text Generation Quality assessment).
Features:
- Load trained OpenLLM models from checkpoint directories
- Generate text with configurable parameters (temperature, length, etc.)
- Support multiple model formats (auto-detection)
- Quality assessment and metrics
- Batch generation capabilities
- Output formatting and saving
Usage:
# Basic text generation
python core/src/generate_text.py \
--model_dir models/small-extended-4k \
--prompt "The history of artificial intelligence" \
--max_length 256 \
--temperature 0.7
# Multiple prompts with custom settings
python core/src/generate_text.py \
--model_dir models/small-extended-4k \
--prompts_file prompts.txt \
--max_length 100 \
--temperature 0.8 \
--top_k 40 \
--num_samples 3
# Save results to file
python core/src/generate_text.py \
--model_dir models/small-extended-4k \
--prompt "Once upon a time" \
--output_file generated_samples.txt
Author: Louis Chua Bean Chong
License: GPLv3
"""
import argparse
import os
import sys
import time
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
import sentencepiece as spm
import torch
# Add current directory to path for imports
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
from model import create_model
class TextGenerator:
"""
Comprehensive text generation engine for OpenLLM models.
This class handles loading trained models and generating high-quality text
with configurable sampling parameters and quality assessment.
"""
def __init__(self, model_dir: str, device: str = "auto"):
"""
Initialize the text generator.
Args:
model_dir: Directory containing trained model checkpoints
device: Device to use ("auto", "cpu", "cuda")
Implementation Details:
- Auto-detects best available device if device="auto"
- Loads model architecture based on checkpoint configuration
- Sets up tokenizer for text processing
- Validates model and tokenizer compatibility
"""
self.model_dir = Path(model_dir)
# Determine device to use
# Auto-detection prioritizes CUDA if available for better performance
if device == "auto":
self.device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
else:
self.device = device
print("π OpenLLM Text Generator")
print(f"π Model directory: {model_dir}")
print(f"π₯οΈ Device: {self.device}")
# Load model and tokenizer
# This handles the complete setup process
self._load_model()
self._load_tokenizer()
# Validate setup
# Ensure model and tokenizer are compatible
self._validate_setup()
print("β
Text generator initialized successfully!")
def _load_model(self):
"""
Load the trained model from checkpoint.
Implementation Details:
- Searches for best_model.pt or latest checkpoint
- Auto-detects model size from configuration
- Handles different checkpoint formats gracefully
- Sets model to evaluation mode for inference
"""
# Find the best model checkpoint
# Priority: best_model.pt > latest checkpoint by step number
best_model_path = self.model_dir / "best_model.pt"
if best_model_path.exists():
checkpoint_path = best_model_path
print(f"π₯ Loading best model: {checkpoint_path}")
else:
# Look for step-based checkpoints
checkpoints = list(self.model_dir.glob("checkpoint_step_*.pt"))
if not checkpoints:
raise FileNotFoundError(f"No model checkpoints found in {self.model_dir}")
# Get the latest checkpoint by step number
latest_checkpoint = max(checkpoints, key=lambda p: int(p.stem.split("_")[-1]))
checkpoint_path = latest_checkpoint
print(f"π₯ Loading latest checkpoint: {checkpoint_path}")
# Load checkpoint data
# This contains model weights, configuration, and training metadata
try:
checkpoint = torch.load(checkpoint_path, map_location=self.device)
print("β
Checkpoint loaded successfully")
except Exception as e:
raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to load checkpoint: {e}")
# Extract model configuration
# This tells us what architecture to create
if "config" in checkpoint:
config_dict = checkpoint["config"]
else:
# Fallback: try to infer from model state dict
print("β οΈ No config found in checkpoint, inferring from model structure...")
config_dict = self._infer_config_from_state_dict(
checkpoint.get("model_state_dict", checkpoint)
)
# Determine model size category
# This maps checkpoint config to our predefined model sizes
n_layer = config_dict.get("n_layer", 12)
n_embd = config_dict.get("n_embd", 768)
if n_layer <= 6:
model_size = "small"
elif n_layer <= 12:
model_size = "medium"
else:
model_size = "large"
print(f"π― Detected model size: {model_size}")
print(f"π Architecture: {n_layer} layers, {n_embd} embedding dim")
# Create model architecture
# This recreates the exact same model used during training
try:
self.model = create_model(model_size)
print(f"ποΈ Model architecture created: {self.model.get_num_params():,} parameters")
except Exception as e:
raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to create model architecture: {e}")
# Load trained weights
# This restores the model to its trained state
try:
if "model_state_dict" in checkpoint:
self.model.load_state_dict(checkpoint["model_state_dict"])
else:
# Fallback for different checkpoint formats
self.model.load_state_dict(checkpoint)
print("β
Model weights loaded successfully")
except Exception as e:
raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to load model weights: {e}")
# Move model to device and set to evaluation mode
# Evaluation mode disables dropout and other training-specific behaviors
self.model = self.model.to(self.device)
self.model.eval()
# Store model configuration for later use
# This is useful for generation parameters and limits
self.config = self.model.config
# Extract training metadata if available
# This provides context about model quality and training progress
self.training_info = {
"step": checkpoint.get("step", "Unknown"),
"best_loss": checkpoint.get("best_loss", "Unknown"),
"model_size": model_size,
}
print(
f"π Training info: step {self.training_info['step']}, "
f"best loss {self.training_info['best_loss']}"
)
def _infer_config_from_state_dict(self, state_dict: Dict[str, torch.Tensor]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""
Infer model configuration from state dict when config is missing.
Args:
state_dict: Model parameter dictionary
Returns:
Inferred configuration dictionary
Implementation Details:
- Analyzes parameter shapes to determine architecture
- Makes reasonable assumptions about standard GPT architecture
- Provides fallback values for missing parameters
"""
# Extract key dimensions from parameter shapes
# This reverse-engineers the model architecture
# Embedding layer tells us vocab size and embedding dimension
if "transformer.wte.weight" in state_dict:
vocab_size, n_embd = state_dict["transformer.wte.weight"].shape
else:
# Fallback defaults
vocab_size, n_embd = 32000, 512
# Count transformer blocks to get number of layers
# Look for attention weight patterns
n_layer = 0
for key in state_dict.keys():
if "attn.c_attn.weight" in key:
# Extract layer number from key like 'transformer.h.0.attn.c_attn.weight'
layer_num = int(key.split(".")[2])
n_layer = max(n_layer, layer_num + 1)
# Infer number of attention heads from attention weights
# The c_attn weight combines query, key, value projections
if "transformer.h.0.attn.c_attn.weight" in state_dict:
_ = state_dict["transformer.h.0.attn.c_attn.weight"].shape
# Shape is [n_embd, 3 * n_embd] for combined Q,K,V
# So n_head = n_embd / head_dim, assuming head_dim = 64
n_head = n_embd // 64 # Standard head dimension
else:
n_head = 8 # Fallback
# Construct configuration dictionary
# Use reasonable defaults for missing values
config = {
"vocab_size": vocab_size,
"n_layer": n_layer,
"n_head": n_head,
"n_embd": n_embd,
"block_size": 1024, # Standard context length
"dropout": 0.1, # Standard dropout rate
"bias": True, # Most models use bias
"model_name": f"gpt-inferred-{n_layer}L",
}
print(f"π Inferred config: {config}")
return config
def _load_tokenizer(self):
"""
Load the SentencePiece tokenizer.
Implementation Details:
- Searches multiple possible tokenizer locations
- Validates tokenizer vocabulary size against model
- Sets up special tokens if available
"""
# Try multiple possible tokenizer locations
# Different training setups may store tokenizer in different places
possible_paths = [
self.model_dir / "tokenizer.model",
self.model_dir.parent / "tokenizer" / "tokenizer.model",
Path("data/tokenizer/tokenizer.model"),
self.model_dir / ".." / "tokenizer" / "tokenizer.model",
]
tokenizer_path = None
for path in possible_paths:
if path.exists():
tokenizer_path = path
break
if tokenizer_path is None:
raise FileNotFoundError(f"Tokenizer not found in any of: {possible_paths}")
print(f"π Loading tokenizer from: {tokenizer_path}")
# Load SentencePiece tokenizer
# This handles all text-to-token and token-to-text conversion
try:
self.tokenizer = spm.SentencePieceProcessor()
self.tokenizer.load(str(tokenizer_path))
print(f"β
Tokenizer loaded: {self.tokenizer.vocab_size()} vocabulary")
except Exception as e:
raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to load tokenizer: {e}")
def _validate_setup(self):
"""
Validate that model and tokenizer are compatible.
Implementation Details:
- Checks vocabulary size consistency
- Tests basic tokenization and model forward pass
- Warns about potential compatibility issues
"""
# Check vocabulary size consistency
# Model and tokenizer should have matching vocabulary
model_vocab_size = self.config.vocab_size
tokenizer_vocab_size = self.tokenizer.vocab_size()
if model_vocab_size != tokenizer_vocab_size:
print("β οΈ Warning: Vocabulary size mismatch!")
print(f" Model expects: {model_vocab_size}")
print(f" Tokenizer has: {tokenizer_vocab_size}")
print(" This may cause generation issues.")
# Test basic functionality
# Quick validation that everything works together
try:
# Test tokenization
test_text = "Hello world"
tokens = self.tokenizer.encode(test_text)
_ = self.tokenizer.decode(tokens)
# Test model forward pass
input_ids = torch.tensor([tokens[:5]], dtype=torch.long, device=self.device)
with torch.no_grad():
_ = self.model(input_ids)
print("β
Validation passed: tokenization and model forward pass work")
except Exception as e:
print(f"β οΈ Validation warning: {e}")
print(" Generation may still work, but there might be issues.")
def generate(
self,
prompt: str,
max_length: int = 100,
temperature: float = 0.7,
top_k: Optional[int] = 40,
top_p: Optional[float] = 0.9,
num_return_sequences: int = 1,
do_sample: bool = True,
repetition_penalty: float = 1.0,
) -> List[str]:
"""
Generate text from a prompt using the loaded model.
Args:
prompt: Input text to continue
max_length: Maximum number of tokens to generate
temperature: Sampling temperature (0.1-2.0, higher = more random)
top_k: Limit to top-k most likely tokens (None = no limit)
top_p: Nucleus sampling threshold (None = no nucleus sampling)
num_return_sequences: Number of sequences to generate
do_sample: Whether to use sampling (False = greedy)
repetition_penalty: Penalty for repeating tokens (1.0 = no penalty)
Returns:
List of generated text strings
Implementation Details:
- Uses autoregressive generation (one token at a time)
- Supports multiple sampling strategies (greedy, top-k, nucleus)
- Handles context length limits gracefully
- Applies repetition penalty to improve quality
- Returns only the generated portion (excludes input prompt)
"""
print(f"π― Generating text for: '{prompt[:50]}{'...' if len(prompt) > 50 else ''}'")
print(
f"βοΈ Parameters: max_length={max_length}, temperature={temperature}, "
f"top_k={top_k}, top_p={top_p}"
)
# Tokenize input prompt
# Convert text to token IDs for model processing
try:
input_tokens = self.tokenizer.encode(prompt)
if len(input_tokens) == 0:
raise ValueError("Empty tokenization result")
except Exception as e:
raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to tokenize prompt: {e}")
# Check prompt length against model context
# Ensure we don't exceed model's maximum sequence length
max_context = self.config.block_size
if len(input_tokens) >= max_context:
print(
f"β οΈ Warning: Prompt length ({len(input_tokens)}) approaches "
f"context limit ({max_context})"
)
# Truncate prompt if necessary
input_tokens = input_tokens[-(max_context - max_length) :]
print(f" Truncated prompt to {len(input_tokens)} tokens")
# Generate multiple sequences
# Each sequence is generated independently
generated_texts = []
for seq_idx in range(num_return_sequences):
if num_return_sequences > 1:
print(f"π Generating sequence {seq_idx + 1}/{num_return_sequences}")
try:
generated_text = self._generate_single_sequence(
input_tokens=input_tokens,
max_length=max_length,
temperature=temperature,
top_k=top_k,
top_p=top_p,
do_sample=do_sample,
repetition_penalty=repetition_penalty,
)
generated_texts.append(generated_text)
except Exception as e:
print(f"β οΈ Generation failed for sequence {seq_idx + 1}: {e}")
generated_texts.append(f"Generation error: {e}")
return generated_texts
def _generate_single_sequence(
self,
input_tokens: List[int],
max_length: int,
temperature: float,
top_k: Optional[int],
top_p: Optional[float],
do_sample: bool,
repetition_penalty: float,
) -> str:
"""
Generate a single text sequence using autoregressive sampling.
Args:
input_tokens: Tokenized input prompt
max_length: Maximum tokens to generate
temperature: Sampling temperature
top_k: Top-k sampling limit
top_p: Nucleus sampling threshold
do_sample: Whether to use sampling vs greedy
repetition_penalty: Repetition penalty factor
Returns:
Generated text string (excluding input prompt)
Implementation Details:
- Implements autoregressive generation loop
- Applies all specified sampling strategies
- Handles special tokens (EOS, padding)
- Tracks token frequencies for repetition penalty
"""
# Initialize generation state
# Keep track of all generated tokens and their frequencies
generated_tokens = input_tokens.copy()
token_frequencies = {} # For repetition penalty
# Count initial token frequencies
# This helps apply repetition penalty from the start
for token in input_tokens:
token_frequencies[token] = token_frequencies.get(token, 0) + 1
# Set model to evaluation mode and disable gradients
# This ensures consistent inference behavior and saves memory
self.model.eval()
with torch.no_grad():
# Main generation loop
# Generate one token at a time until stopping condition
for step in range(max_length):
# Check context length limits
# Prevent exceeding model's maximum sequence length
if len(generated_tokens) >= self.config.block_size:
print(f"β οΈ Reached maximum context length ({self.config.block_size})")
break
# Prepare model input
# Use all generated tokens as context for next prediction
input_ids = torch.tensor([generated_tokens], dtype=torch.long, device=self.device)
try:
# Forward pass through model
# Get logits (raw predictions) for all vocabulary tokens
outputs = self.model(input_ids)
# Handle different model output formats
# Some models return tuples, others return tensors directly
if isinstance(outputs, tuple):
logits = outputs[0] # First element is usually logits
else:
logits = outputs
# Get predictions for next token (last position in sequence)
next_token_logits = logits[0, -1, :].float()
except Exception as e:
raise RuntimeError(f"Model forward pass failed at step {step}: {e}")
# Apply repetition penalty
# Reduce probability of recently used tokens
if repetition_penalty != 1.0:
for token, freq in token_frequencies.items():
if token < len(next_token_logits):
penalty = repetition_penalty**freq
if next_token_logits[token] > 0:
next_token_logits[token] /= penalty
else:
next_token_logits[token] *= penalty
# Apply sampling strategy to select next token
# This determines the randomness and quality of generation
if do_sample:
next_token = self._sample_next_token(
next_token_logits, temperature, top_k, top_p
)
else:
# Greedy decoding: always pick most likely token
next_token = torch.argmax(next_token_logits).item()
# Add generated token to sequence
generated_tokens.append(next_token)
# Update token frequency for repetition penalty
token_frequencies[next_token] = token_frequencies.get(next_token, 0) + 1
# Check for end-of-sequence token
# Some models/tokenizers have special EOS tokens
if hasattr(self.tokenizer, "eos_id") and next_token == self.tokenizer.eos_id():
print(f"π Reached end-of-sequence token at step {step}")
break
# Optional: Check for other stopping conditions
# Could add custom stop words or patterns here
# Decode generated tokens to text
# Convert token IDs back to readable text, excluding input prompt
try:
# Extract only newly generated tokens (exclude input prompt)
new_tokens = generated_tokens[len(input_tokens) :]
if len(new_tokens) == 0:
return "β οΈ No tokens generated"
# Decode to text using tokenizer
generated_text = self.tokenizer.decode(new_tokens)
print(f"β
Generated {len(new_tokens)} tokens")
return generated_text
except Exception as e:
raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to decode generated tokens: {e}")
def _sample_next_token(
self, logits: torch.Tensor, temperature: float, top_k: Optional[int], top_p: Optional[float]
) -> int:
"""
Sample next token using specified sampling strategy.
Args:
logits: Raw model predictions for next token
temperature: Sampling temperature
top_k: Top-k sampling limit
top_p: Nucleus sampling threshold
Returns:
Selected token ID
Implementation Details:
- Applies temperature scaling for randomness control
- Implements top-k sampling to limit choices
- Implements nucleus (top-p) sampling for quality
- Uses multinomial sampling for final selection
"""
# Apply temperature scaling
# Higher temperature = more random, lower = more deterministic
if temperature != 1.0:
logits = logits / temperature
# Apply top-k filtering
# Only consider the k most likely tokens
if top_k is not None and top_k > 0:
# Get indices of top-k tokens
top_k_tokens = min(top_k, logits.size(-1))
top_k_values, top_k_indices = torch.topk(logits, top_k_tokens)
# Zero out non-top-k logits
filtered_logits = torch.full_like(logits, float("-inf"))
filtered_logits[top_k_indices] = top_k_values
logits = filtered_logits
# Apply nucleus (top-p) sampling
# Dynamically adjust vocabulary based on cumulative probability
if top_p is not None and top_p < 1.0:
# Sort logits in descending order
sorted_logits, sorted_indices = torch.sort(logits, descending=True)
# Calculate cumulative probabilities
sorted_probs = torch.softmax(sorted_logits, dim=-1)
cumulative_probs = torch.cumsum(sorted_probs, dim=-1)
# Find cutoff point where cumulative probability exceeds top_p
sorted_indices_to_remove = cumulative_probs > top_p
# Keep at least the top token
sorted_indices_to_remove[0] = False
# Zero out tokens beyond nucleus
indices_to_remove = sorted_indices[sorted_indices_to_remove]
logits[indices_to_remove] = float("-inf")
# Convert logits to probabilities and sample
# Use multinomial sampling for final token selection
probs = torch.softmax(logits, dim=-1)
next_token = torch.multinomial(probs, num_samples=1).item()
return next_token
def generate_batch(self, prompts: List[str], **generation_kwargs) -> List[List[str]]:
"""
Generate text for multiple prompts.
Args:
prompts: List of input prompts
**generation_kwargs: Arguments passed to generate()
Returns:
List of lists, where each inner list contains generated texts for one prompt
Implementation Details:
- Processes prompts sequentially (could be parallelized)
- Applies same generation parameters to all prompts
- Handles errors gracefully for individual prompts
"""
print(f"π Generating text for {len(prompts)} prompts...")
all_results = []
for i, prompt in enumerate(prompts):
print(f"\n--- Prompt {i + 1}/{len(prompts)} ---")
try:
results = self.generate(prompt, **generation_kwargs)
all_results.append(results)
except Exception as e:
print(f"β Failed to generate for prompt {i + 1}: {e}")
all_results.append([f"Generation failed: {e}"])
return all_results
def load_prompts_from_file(file_path: str) -> List[str]:
"""
Load prompts from a text file.
Args:
file_path: Path to file containing prompts (one per line)
Returns:
List of prompt strings
Implementation Details:
- Reads file line by line
- Strips whitespace and filters empty lines
- Handles different text encodings gracefully
"""
try:
with open(file_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
prompts = [line.strip() for line in f if line.strip()]
print(f"π Loaded {len(prompts)} prompts from {file_path}")
return prompts
except Exception as e:
raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to load prompts from {file_path}: {e}")
def save_results_to_file(results: List[str], output_path: str, prompts: List[str] = None):
"""
Save generation results to a text file.
Args:
results: Generated text results
output_path: Path to output file
prompts: Original prompts (optional, for context)
Implementation Details:
- Formats output with clear separators
- Includes prompts and metadata when available
- Handles file creation and error reporting
"""
try:
with open(output_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
f.write("# OpenLLM Text Generation Results\n")
f.write(f"# Generated at: {time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')}\n")
f.write(f"# Total samples: {len(results)}\n\n")
for i, result in enumerate(results):
f.write(f"--- Sample {i + 1} ---\n")
if prompts and i < len(prompts):
f.write(f"Prompt: {prompts[i]}\n\n")
if isinstance(result, list):
for j, text in enumerate(result):
f.write(f"Generated {j + 1}: {text}\n\n")
else:
f.write(f"Generated: {result}\n\n")
f.write("-" * 50 + "\n\n")
print(f"πΎ Results saved to: {output_path}")
except Exception as e:
raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to save results to {output_path}: {e}")
def main():
"""Main function for command-line text generation."""
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description="OpenLLM Text Generation",
formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
epilog="""
Examples:
# Basic text generation
python core/src/generate_text.py \\
--model_dir ./openllm-trained \\
--prompt "Hello, how are you?" \\
--max_length 100
# Advanced generation with parameters
python core/src/generate_text.py \\
--model_dir ./openllm-trained \\
--prompt "The future of AI is" \\
--max_length 200 \\
--temperature 0.8 \\
--top_k 50 \\
--top_p 0.9
""",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--model_dir",
required=True,
help="Directory containing trained model checkpoints",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--prompt",
required=True,
help="Input text prompt for generation",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--max_length",
type=int,
default=100,
help="Maximum number of tokens to generate (default: 100)",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--temperature",
type=float,
default=0.7,
help="Sampling temperature (default: 0.7)",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--top_k",
type=int,
default=40,
help="Top-k sampling parameter (default: 40)",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--top_p",
type=float,
default=0.9,
help="Nucleus sampling parameter (default: 0.9)",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--device",
default="auto",
choices=["auto", "cpu", "cuda"],
help="Device to use for generation (default: auto)",
)
args = parser.parse_args()
print("π OpenLLM Text Generation")
print("=" * 50)
try:
# Initialize text generator
generator = TextGenerator(args.model_dir, args.device)
# Generate text
print(f"π Prompt: {args.prompt}")
print(f"βοΈ Parameters: max_length={args.max_length}, temperature={args.temperature}")
generated_text = generator.generate(
prompt=args.prompt,
max_length=args.max_length,
temperature=args.temperature,
top_k=args.top_k,
top_p=args.top_p,
)
print("\nπ― Generated text:")
print(f"{generated_text}")
except Exception as e:
print(f"\nβ Error: {e}")
import traceback
traceback.print_exc()
return False
return True
def load_tokenizer(tokenizer_path: str):
"""
Load tokenizer for testing purposes.
This function is used by tests to load tokenizers without initializing the full generator.
Args:
tokenizer_path: Path to tokenizer model file
Returns:
SentencePieceProcessor: Loaded tokenizer
"""
import sentencepiece as spm
tokenizer = spm.SentencePieceProcessor()
tokenizer.load(tokenizer_path)
return tokenizer
if __name__ == "__main__":
success = main()
exit(0 if success else 1)
|