from __future__ import annotations

import asyncio
import base64
import hashlib
import json
import os
import time
from collections import OrderedDict
from collections.abc import Mapping
from dataclasses import asdict, dataclass
from typing import Any, Protocol
import zlib

try:
    import redis.asyncio as redis_async
except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover - optional dependency
    redis_async = None


def _env_bool(name: str, default: bool) -> bool:
    raw = os.getenv(name)
    if raw is None:
        return default
    return raw.strip().lower() not in {"0", "false", "no", "off"}


def _env_int(name: str, default: int) -> int:
    raw = os.getenv(name)
    if raw is None:
        return default
    try:
        return int(raw)
    except ValueError:
        return default


def _stable_json(data: Any) -> str:
    return json.dumps(data, ensure_ascii=False, sort_keys=True, separators=(",", ":"))


def _sha256(text: str) -> str:
    return hashlib.sha256(text.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()


@dataclass(frozen=True)
class CompletionArtifact:
    schema_version: int
    raw_text: str
    model_id: str
    usage_input_tokens: int
    usage_output_tokens: int
    stop_reason: str
    stored_at: float

    def to_json(self) -> str:
        return _stable_json(asdict(self))

    @classmethod
    def from_json(cls, raw: str) -> "CompletionArtifact":
        data = json.loads(raw)
        return cls(
            schema_version=int(data.get("schema_version", 1)),
            raw_text=str(data.get("raw_text", "")),
            model_id=str(data.get("model_id", "")),
            usage_input_tokens=int(data.get("usage_input_tokens", 0)),
            usage_output_tokens=int(data.get("usage_output_tokens", 0)),
            stop_reason=str(data.get("stop_reason", "end_turn")),
            stored_at=float(data.get("stored_at", time.time())),
        )


@dataclass(frozen=True)
class CacheConfig:
    enabled: bool
    ttl_secs: int
    tool_ttl_secs: int
    max_entry_bytes: int
    memory_max_items: int
    redis_url: str | None
    redis_prefix: str

    @classmethod
    def from_env(cls) -> "CacheConfig":
        configured_max = _env_int("RESPONSE_CACHE_MAX_ENTRY_BYTES", 32 * 1024 * 1024)
        return cls(
            enabled=_env_bool("RESPONSE_CACHE_ENABLED", True),
            ttl_secs=max(1, _env_int("RESPONSE_CACHE_TTL_SECS", 300)),
            tool_ttl_secs=max(1, _env_int("RESPONSE_CACHE_TOOL_TTL_SECS", 120)),
            max_entry_bytes=0 if configured_max <= 0 else max(1024, configured_max),
            memory_max_items=max(1, _env_int("RESPONSE_CACHE_MEMORY_MAX_ITEMS", 256)),
            redis_url=os.getenv("RESPONSE_CACHE_REDIS_URL") or None,
            redis_prefix=os.getenv("RESPONSE_CACHE_REDIS_PREFIX", "p5js2api:resp:v1"),
        )

    def ttl_for(self, has_tools: bool) -> int:
        return self.tool_ttl_secs if has_tools else self.ttl_secs

    @property
    def backend_name(self) -> str:
        if self.redis_url:
            return "tiered"
        return "memory"


@dataclass(frozen=True)
class CacheLookupResult:
    artifact: CompletionArtifact | None
    source: str | None
    ttl_secs: int | None = None


class CacheBackend(Protocol):
    async def get(self, key: str) -> CompletionArtifact | None: ...

    async def set(self, key: str, artifact: CompletionArtifact, ttl_secs: int) -> None: ...

    async def delete(self, key: str) -> None: ...


@dataclass
class _MemoryEntry:
    artifact: CompletionArtifact
    expires_at: float
    size_bytes: int


class InMemoryCacheBackend:
    def __init__(self, max_items: int):
        self._max_items = max_items
        self._entries: OrderedDict[str, _MemoryEntry] = OrderedDict()
        self._lock = asyncio.Lock()

    async def get(self, key: str) -> tuple[CompletionArtifact | None, int | None]:
        async with self._lock:
            self._prune_expired_locked()
            entry = self._entries.get(key)
            if not entry:
                return None, None
            if entry.expires_at <= time.time():
                self._entries.pop(key, None)
                return None, None
            self._entries.move_to_end(key)
            ttl_secs = max(1, int(entry.expires_at - time.time()))
            return entry.artifact, ttl_secs

    async def set(self, key: str, artifact: CompletionArtifact, ttl_secs: int) -> None:
        raw = artifact.to_json()
        entry = _MemoryEntry(
            artifact=artifact,
            expires_at=time.time() + ttl_secs,
            size_bytes=len(raw.encode("utf-8")),
        )
        async with self._lock:
            self._prune_expired_locked()
            self._entries[key] = entry
            self._entries.move_to_end(key)
            while len(self._entries) > self._max_items:
                self._entries.popitem(last=False)

    async def delete(self, key: str) -> None:
        async with self._lock:
            self._entries.pop(key, None)

    def _prune_expired_locked(self) -> None:
        now = time.time()
        expired = [key for key, entry in self._entries.items() if entry.expires_at <= now]
        for key in expired:
            self._entries.pop(key, None)


class RedisCacheBackend:
    def __init__(self, redis_url: str):
        if redis_async is None:
            raise RuntimeError("redis package is not installed")
        self._client = redis_async.from_url(redis_url)

    async def get(self, key: str) -> tuple[CompletionArtifact | None, int | None]:
        pipeline = self._client.pipeline()
        pipeline.get(key)
        pipeline.ttl(key)
        raw, ttl = await pipeline.execute()
        if raw is None:
            return None, None
        if isinstance(raw, bytes):
            raw = raw.decode("utf-8")
        payload = json.loads(raw)
        encoding = payload.get("encoding", "plain")
        data = payload.get("data", "")
        if encoding == "zlib+base64":
            decoded = base64.b64decode(data.encode("ascii"))
            data = zlib.decompress(decoded).decode("utf-8")
        return CompletionArtifact.from_json(data), max(1, int(ttl)) if isinstance(ttl, int) and ttl > 0 else None

    async def set(self, key: str, artifact: CompletionArtifact, ttl_secs: int) -> None:
        raw_json = artifact.to_json().encode("utf-8")
        compressed = zlib.compress(raw_json, level=6)
        payload = {
            "encoding": "zlib+base64",
            "data": base64.b64encode(compressed).decode("ascii"),
        }
        await self._client.set(key, _stable_json(payload), ex=ttl_secs)

    async def delete(self, key: str) -> None:
        await self._client.delete(key)


class TieredCacheBackend:
    def __init__(self, memory: InMemoryCacheBackend, redis_backend: RedisCacheBackend | None):
        self._memory = memory
        self._redis = redis_backend

    async def get(self, key: str) -> CacheLookupResult:
        artifact, ttl_secs = await self._memory.get(key)
        if artifact is not None:
            return CacheLookupResult(artifact=artifact, source="memory", ttl_secs=ttl_secs)
        if self._redis is None:
            return CacheLookupResult(artifact=None, source=None)
        artifact, ttl_secs = await self._redis.get(key)
        if artifact is None:
            return CacheLookupResult(artifact=None, source=None)
        await self._memory.set(key, artifact, ttl_secs=ttl_secs or 60)
        return CacheLookupResult(artifact=artifact, source="redis", ttl_secs=ttl_secs)

    async def set(self, key: str, artifact: CompletionArtifact, ttl_secs: int) -> None:
        await self._memory.set(key, artifact, ttl_secs)
        if self._redis is not None:
            await self._redis.set(key, artifact, ttl_secs)

    async def delete(self, key: str) -> None:
        await self._memory.delete(key)
        if self._redis is not None:
            await self._redis.delete(key)


class InFlightRegistry:
    def __init__(self):
        self._lock = asyncio.Lock()
        self._futures: dict[str, asyncio.Future[CompletionArtifact]] = {}

    async def start(self, key: str) -> tuple[bool, asyncio.Future[CompletionArtifact]]:
        async with self._lock:
            current = self._futures.get(key)
            if current is not None:
                return False, current
            future: asyncio.Future[CompletionArtifact] = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
            self._futures[key] = future
            return True, future

    async def resolve(self, key: str, artifact: CompletionArtifact) -> None:
        async with self._lock:
            future = self._futures.pop(key, None)
        if future is not None and not future.done():
            future.set_result(artifact)

    async def reject(self, key: str, exc: BaseException) -> None:
        async with self._lock:
            future = self._futures.pop(key, None)
        if future is not None and not future.done():
            future.set_exception(exc)
            future.add_done_callback(lambda f: f.exception())


class ResponseCacheService:
    def __init__(self, config: CacheConfig):
        self.config = config
        self.inflight = InFlightRegistry()
        self._memory = InMemoryCacheBackend(config.memory_max_items)
        redis_backend: RedisCacheBackend | None = None
        self._redis_init_error: str | None = None
        if config.redis_url and redis_async is not None:
            try:
                redis_backend = RedisCacheBackend(config.redis_url)
            except Exception as exc:
                redis_backend = None
                self._redis_init_error = str(exc)
        elif config.redis_url and redis_async is None:
            self._redis_init_error = "redis package unavailable"
        self._backend = TieredCacheBackend(self._memory, redis_backend)
        self._redis_backend = redis_backend
        self._stats_lock = asyncio.Lock()
        self._stats = {
            "hits_memory": 0,
            "hits_redis": 0,
            "misses": 0,
            "stores": 0,
            "bypasses": 0,
            "store_errors": 0,
            "oversize_skips": 0,
            "inflight_waits": 0,
        }

    async def get(self, key: str) -> CacheLookupResult:
        if not self.config.enabled:
            await self._record("bypasses")
            return CacheLookupResult(artifact=None, source=None)
        lookup = await self._backend.get(key)
        if lookup.artifact is None:
            await self._record("misses")
        elif lookup.source == "memory":
            await self._record("hits_memory")
        elif lookup.source == "redis":
            await self._record("hits_redis")
        return lookup

    async def set(self, key: str, artifact: CompletionArtifact, ttl_secs: int) -> bool:
        if not self.config.enabled:
            return False
        raw_bytes = len(artifact.to_json().encode("utf-8"))
        if self.config.max_entry_bytes > 0 and raw_bytes > self.config.max_entry_bytes:
            await self._record("oversize_skips")
            return False
        try:
            await self._backend.set(key, artifact, ttl_secs)
        except Exception:
            await self._record("store_errors")
            return False
        await self._record("stores")
        return True

    async def delete(self, key: str) -> None:
        await self._backend.delete(key)

    async def record_bypass(self) -> None:
        await self._record("bypasses")

    async def record_inflight_wait(self) -> None:
        await self._record("inflight_waits")

    def build_key(
        self,
        *,
        protocol_family: str,
        resolved_model: str,
        upstream_messages: list[dict],
        auth_scope: str,
        has_tools: bool,
    ) -> str:
        payload = {
            "schema_version": 1,
            "protocol_family": protocol_family,
            "resolved_model": resolved_model,
            "upstream_messages": upstream_messages,
            "auth_scope": auth_scope,
            "has_tools": has_tools,
        }
        return f"{self.config.redis_prefix}:{_sha256(_stable_json(payload))}"

    def auth_scope_from_headers(self, headers: Mapping[str, str]) -> str:
        token = self._header_value(headers, "x-api-key") or self._header_value(headers, "authorization")
        if not token:
            return "anon"
        token = token.removeprefix("Bearer ").strip()
        if not token:
            return "anon"
        return f"auth-{_sha256(token)[:16]}"

    def should_bypass(self, headers: Mapping[str, str]) -> bool:
        explicit = self._header_value(headers, "x-proxy-cache")
        if explicit and explicit.lower() in {"bypass", "off", "false", "no-cache"}:
            return True
        cache_control = self._header_value(headers, "cache-control")
        if cache_control and any(flag in cache_control.lower() for flag in ("no-cache", "no-store")):
            return True
        return False

    def describe(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
        return {
            "enabled": self.config.enabled,
            "backend": self.backend_name,
            "redis_configured": bool(self.config.redis_url),
            "redis_available": self._redis_backend is not None,
            "redis_error": self._redis_init_error,
            "ttl_secs": self.config.ttl_secs,
            "tool_ttl_secs": self.config.tool_ttl_secs,
            "max_entry_bytes": self.config.max_entry_bytes,
            "memory_max_items": self.config.memory_max_items,
            **self._stats,
        }

    @property
    def backend_name(self) -> str:
        if self._redis_backend is not None:
            return "tiered"
        return "memory"

    async def _record(self, key: str) -> None:
        async with self._stats_lock:
            self._stats[key] = self._stats.get(key, 0) + 1

    @staticmethod
    def _header_value(headers: Mapping[str, str], name: str) -> str | None:
        if name in headers:
            return headers[name]
        lower_name = name.lower()
        for key, value in headers.items():
            if key.lower() == lower_name:
                return value
        return None


_CACHE_SERVICE: ResponseCacheService | None = None


def get_cache_service() -> ResponseCacheService:
    global _CACHE_SERVICE
    if _CACHE_SERVICE is None:
        _CACHE_SERVICE = ResponseCacheService(CacheConfig.from_env())
    return _CACHE_SERVICE