"""
HVAC Calculator Code Documentation

Developed by: Dr Majed Abuseif, Deakin University
© 2025
"""

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from typing import Dict, List, Optional, NamedTuple, Any, Tuple
from enum import Enum
import streamlit as st
from data.material_library import Construction, GlazingMaterial, DoorMaterial, Material, MaterialLibrary
from data.internal_loads import PEOPLE_ACTIVITY_LEVELS, DIVERSITY_FACTORS, LIGHTING_FIXTURE_TYPES, EQUIPMENT_HEAT_GAINS, VENTILATION_RATES, INFILTRATION_SETTINGS
from datetime import datetime
from collections import defaultdict
import logging
import math
from utils.ctf_calculations import CTFCalculator, ComponentType, CTFCoefficients

# Configure logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

class TFMCalculations:
    # Solar calculation constants (from solar.py)
    SHGC_COEFFICIENTS = {
        "Single Clear": [0.1, -0.0, 0.0, -0.0, 0.0, 0.87],
        "Single Tinted": [0.12, -0.0, 0.0, -0.0, 0.8, -0.0],
        "Double Clear": [0.14, -0.0, 0.0, -0.0, 0.78, -0.0],
        "Double Low-E": [0.2, -0.0, 0.0, 0.7, 0.0, -0.0],
        "Double Tinted": [0.15, -0.0, 0.0, -0.0, 0.65, -0.0],
        "Double Low-E with Argon": [0.18, -0.0, 0.0, 0.68, 0.0, -0.0],
        "Single Low-E Reflective": [0.22, -0.0, 0.0, 0.6, 0.0, -0.0],
        "Double Reflective": [0.24, -0.0, 0.0, 0.58, 0.0, -0.0],
        "Electrochromic": [0.25, -0.0, 0.5, -0.0, 0.0, -0.0]
    }

    GLAZING_TYPE_MAPPING = {
        "Single Clear 3mm": "Single Clear",
        "Single Clear 6mm": "Single Clear",
        "Single Tinted 6mm": "Single Tinted",
        "Double Clear 6mm/13mm Air": "Double Clear",
        "Double Low-E 6mm/13mm Air": "Double Low-E",
        "Double Tinted 6mm/13mm Air": "Double Tinted",
        "Double Low-E 6mm/13mm Argon": "Double Low-E with Argon",
        "Single Low-E Reflective 6mm": "Single Low-E Reflective",
        "Double Reflective 6mm/13mm Air": "Double Reflective",
        "Electrochromic 6mm/13mm Air": "Electrochromic"
    }

    @staticmethod
    def calculate_conduction_load(component, outdoor_temp: float, indoor_temp: float, hour: int, mode: str = "none") -> tuple[float, float]:
        """Calculate conduction load for heating and cooling in kW based on mode."""
        if mode == "none":
            return 0, 0
        delta_t = outdoor_temp - indoor_temp
        if mode == "cooling" and delta_t <= 0:
            return 0, 0
        if mode == "heating" and delta_t >= 0:
            return 0, 0

        # Get CTF coefficients using CTFCalculator
        ctf = CTFCalculator.calculate_ctf_coefficients(component)
        
        # Initialize history terms (simplified: assume steady-state history for demonstration)
        # In practice, maintain temperature and flux histories
        load = component.u_value * component.area * delta_t
        for i in range(len(ctf.Y)):
            load += component.area * ctf.Y[i] * (outdoor_temp - indoor_temp) * np.exp(-i * 3600 / 3600)
            load -= component.area * ctf.Z[i] * (outdoor_temp - indoor_temp) * np.exp(-i * 3600 / 3600)
            # Note: F terms require flux history, omitted here for simplicity
        cooling_load = load / 1000 if mode == "cooling" else 0
        heating_load = -load / 1000 if mode == "heating" else 0
        return cooling_load, heating_load

    @staticmethod
    def day_of_year(month: int, day: int, year: int) -> int:
        """Calculate day of the year (n) from month, day, and year, accounting for leap years.

        Args:
            month (int): Month of the year (1-12).
            day (int): Day of the month (1-31).
            year (int): Year.

        Returns:
            int: Day of the year (1-365 or 366 for leap years).

        References:
            ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals, Chapter 18.
        """
        days_in_month = [31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31]
        if year % 4 == 0 and (year % 100 != 0 or year % 400 == 0):
            days_in_month[1] = 29
        return sum(days_in_month[:month-1]) + day

    @staticmethod
    def equation_of_time(n: int) -> float:
        """Calculate Equation of Time (EOT) in minutes using Spencer's formula.

        Args:
            n (int): Day of the year (1-365 or 366).

        Returns:
            float: Equation of Time in minutes.

        References:
            ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals, Chapter 18.
        """
        B = (n - 1) * 360 / 365
        B_rad = math.radians(B)
        EOT = 229.2 * (0.000075 + 0.001868 * math.cos(B_rad) - 0.032077 * math.sin(B_rad) -
                       0.014615 * math.cos(2 * B_rad) - 0.04089 * math.sin(2 * B_rad))
        return EOT

    @staticmethod
    def calculate_dynamic_shgc(glazing_type: str, cos_theta: float) -> float:
        """Calculate dynamic SHGC based on incidence angle.

        Args:
            glazing_type (str): Type of glazing (e.g., 'Single Clear').
            cos_theta (float): Cosine of the angle of incidence.

        Returns:
            float: Dynamic SHGC value.

        References:
            ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals, Chapter 15, Table 13.
        """
        if glazing_type not in TFMCalculations.SHGC_COEFFICIENTS:
            logger.warning(f"Unknown glazing type '{glazing_type}'. Using default SHGC coefficients for Single Clear.")
            glazing_type = "Single Clear"
        
        c = TFMCalculations.SHGC_COEFFICIENTS[glazing_type]
        # Incidence angle modifier: f(cos(θ)) = c_0 + c_1·cos(θ) + c_2·cos²(θ) + c_3·cos³(θ) + c_4·cos⁴(θ) + c_5·cos⁵(θ)
        f_cos_theta = (c[0] + c[1] * cos_theta + c[2] * cos_theta**2 +
                       c[3] * cos_theta**3 + c[4] * cos_theta**4 + c[5] * cos_theta**5)
        return f_cos_theta

    @staticmethod
    def get_surface_parameters(component: Any, building_info: Dict, material_library: MaterialLibrary, 
                             project_materials: Dict, project_constructions: Dict, 
                             project_glazing_materials: Dict, project_door_materials: Dict) -> Tuple[float, float, float, Optional[float], float]:
        """
        Determine surface parameters (tilt, azimuth, h_o, emissivity, solar_absorption) for a component.
        Uses MaterialLibrary to fetch properties from first layer for walls/roofs, DoorMaterial for doors,
        and GlazingMaterial for windows/skylights. Handles orientation and tilt based on component type:
        - Walls, Doors, Windows: Azimuth = elevation base azimuth + component.rotation; Tilt = 90°.
        - Roofs, Skylights: Azimuth = component.orientation; Tilt = component.tilt (default 180°).
        
        Args:
            component: Component object with component_type, elevation, rotation, orientation, tilt,
                      construction, glazing_material, or door_material.
            building_info (Dict): Building information containing orientation_angle for elevation mapping.
            material_library: MaterialLibrary instance for accessing library materials/constructions.
            project_materials: Dict of project-specific Material objects.
            project_constructions: Dict of project-specific Construction objects.
            project_glazing_materials: Dict of project-specific GlazingMaterial objects.
            project_door_materials: Dict of project-specific DoorMaterial objects.

        Returns:
            Tuple[float, float, float, Optional[float], float]: Surface tilt (°), surface azimuth (°),
            h_o (W/m²·K), emissivity, solar_absorption.

        Raises:
            ValueError: If elevation is missing or invalid for walls, doors, or windows.
        """
        # Default parameters
        if component.component_type == ComponentType.ROOF:
            surface_tilt = getattr(component, 'tilt', 180.0)  # Horizontal, downward if tilt absent
            h_o = 23.0  # W/m²·K for roofs
        elif component.component_type == ComponentType.SKYLIGHT:
            surface_tilt = getattr(component, 'tilt', 180.0)  # Horizontal, downward if tilt absent
            h_o = 23.0  # W/m²·K for skylights
        elif component.component_type == ComponentType.FLOOR:
            surface_tilt = 0.0  # Horizontal, upward
            h_o = 17.0  # W/m²·K
        else:  # WALL, DOOR, WINDOW
            surface_tilt = 90.0  # Vertical
            h_o = 17.0  # W/m²·K

        emissivity = 0.9  # Default for opaque components
        solar_absorption = 0.6  # Default
        shgc = None  # Only for windows/skylights

        component_name = getattr(component, 'name', 'unnamed_component')

        try:
            # Determine surface azimuth
            if component.component_type in [ComponentType.ROOF, ComponentType.SKYLIGHT]:
                # Use component's orientation attribute directly, ignoring elevation
                surface_azimuth = getattr(component, 'orientation', 0.0)
                logger.debug(f"Using component orientation for {component_name} ({component.component_type.value}): "
                            f"azimuth={surface_azimuth}, tilt={surface_tilt}")
            else:  # WALL, DOOR, WINDOW
                # Check for elevation attribute
                elevation = getattr(component, 'elevation', None)
                if not elevation:
                    raise ValueError(f"Component {component_name} ({component.component_type.value}) is missing 'elevation' field")

                # Define elevation azimuths based on building orientation_angle
                base_azimuth = building_info.get("orientation_angle", 0.0)
                elevation_angles = {
                    "A": base_azimuth,
                    "B": (base_azimuth + 90.0) % 360,
                    "C": (base_azimuth + 180.0) % 360,
                    "D": (base_azimuth + 270.0) % 360
                }

                if elevation not in elevation_angles:
                    raise ValueError(f"Invalid elevation '{elevation}' for component {component_name} ({component.component_type.value}). "
                                    f"Expected one of {list(elevation_angles.keys())}")

                # Add component rotation to elevation azimuth
                surface_azimuth = (elevation_angles[elevation] + getattr(component, 'rotation', 0.0)) % 360
                logger.debug(f"Component {component_name} ({component.component_type.value}): elevation={elevation}, "
                            f"base_azimuth={elevation_angles[elevation]}, rotation={getattr(component, 'rotation', 0.0)}, "
                            f"total_azimuth={surface_azimuth}, tilt={surface_tilt}")

            # Fetch material properties
            if component.component_type in [ComponentType.WALL, ComponentType.ROOF]:
                construction = getattr(component, 'construction', None)
                if not construction:
                    logger.warning(f"No construction defined for {component_name} ({component.component_type.value}). "
                                  f"Using defaults: solar_absorption=0.6, emissivity=0.9.")
                else:
                    # Get construction from library or project
                    construction_obj = (project_constructions.get(construction.name) or
                                        material_library.library_constructions.get(construction.name))
                    if not construction_obj:
                        logger.error(f"Construction '{construction.name}' not found for {component_name} ({component.component_type.value}).")
                    elif not construction_obj.layers:
                        logger.warning(f"No layers in construction '{construction.name}' for {component_name} ({component.component_type.value}).")
                    else:
                        # Use first (outermost) layer's properties
                        first_layer = construction_obj.layers[0]
                        material = first_layer["material"]
                        solar_absorption = material.solar_absorption
                        emissivity = material.emissivity
                        logger.debug(f"Using first layer material '{material.name}' for {component_name} ({component.component_type.value}): "
                                    f"solar_absorption={solar_absorption}, emissivity={emissivity}")

            elif component.component_type == ComponentType.DOOR:
                door_material = getattr(component, 'door_material', None)
                if not door_material:
                    logger.warning(f"No door material defined for {component_name} ({component.component_type.value}). "
                                  f"Using defaults: solar_absorption=0.6, emissivity=0.9.")
                else:
                    # Get door material from library or project
                    door_material_obj = (project_door_materials.get(door_material.name) or
                                         material_library.library_door_materials.get(door_material.name))
                    if not door_material_obj:
                        logger.error(f"Door material '{door_material.name}' not found for {component_name} ({component.component_type.value}).")
                    else:
                        solar_absorption = door_material_obj.solar_absorption
                        emissivity = door_material_obj.emissivity
                        logger.debug(f"Using door material '{door_material_obj.name}' for {component_name} ({component.component_type.value}): "
                                    f"solar_absorption={solar_absorption}, emissivity={emissivity}")

            elif component.component_type in [ComponentType.WINDOW, ComponentType.SKYLIGHT]:
                glazing_material = getattr(component, 'glazing_material', None)
                if not glazing_material:
                    logger.warning(f"No glazing material defined for {component_name} ({component.component_type.value}). "
                                  f"Using default SHGC=0.7, h_o={h_o}.")
                    shgc = 0.7
                else:
                    # Get glazing material from library or project
                    glazing_material_obj = (project_glazing_materials.get(glazing_material.name) or
                                            material_library.library_glazing_materials.get(glazing_material.name))
                    if not glazing_material_obj:
                        logger.error(f"Glazing material '{glazing_material.name}' not found for {component_name} ({component.component_type.value}).")
                        shgc = 0.7
                    else:
                        shgc = glazing_material_obj.shgc
                        h_o = glazing_material_obj.h_o
                        logger.debug(f"Using glazing material '{glazing_material_obj.name}' for {component_name} ({component.component_type.value}): "
                                    f"shgc={shgc}, h_o={h_o}")
                emissivity = None  # Not used for glazing

        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"Error retrieving surface parameters for {component_name} ({component.component_type.value}): {str(e)}")
            # Apply defaults
            if component.component_type in [ComponentType.WALL, ComponentType.ROOF, ComponentType.DOOR]:
                solar_absorption = 0.6
                emissivity = 0.9
            else:  # WINDOW, SKYLIGHT
                shgc = 0.7
                # h_o retains default from component type

        return surface_tilt, surface_azimuth, h_o, emissivity, solar_absorption

    @staticmethod
    def calculate_solar_load(component, hourly_data: Dict, hour: int, building_orientation: float, mode: str = "none") -> float:
        """Calculate solar load in kW (cooling only) using ASHRAE-compliant solar calculations.
        
        Args:
            component: Component object with area, component_type, elevation, glazing_material, shgc, iac.
            hourly_data (Dict): Single hour's weather data with GHI, DNI, DHI, dry_bulb, month, day, hour.
            hour (int): Hour of the day (1-24).
            building_orientation (float): Building orientation angle in degrees.
            mode (str): Operating mode ('cooling', 'heating', 'none').

        Returns:
            float: Solar cooling load in kW. Returns 0 for non-cooling modes or non-fenestration components.

        References:
            ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals, Chapters 15 and 18.
        """
        if mode != "cooling" or component.component_type not in [ComponentType.WINDOW, ComponentType.SKYLIGHT]:
            return 0

        component_name = getattr(component, 'name', 'unnamed_component')

        try:
            # Get MaterialLibrary and project-specific data from session state
            material_library = st.session_state.get("material_library")
            if not material_library:
                logger.error(f"MaterialLibrary not found in session_state for {component_name} ({component.component_type.value})")
                raise ValueError("MaterialLibrary not found in session_state")
            
            project_materials = st.session_state.get("project_materials", {})
            project_constructions = st.session_state.get("project_constructions", {})
            project_glazing_materials = st.session_state.get("project_glazing_materials", {})
            project_door_materials = st.session_state.get("project_door_materials", {})

            # Get location parameters from climate_data
            climate_data = st.session_state.get("climate_data", {})
            latitude = climate_data.get("latitude", 0.0)
            longitude = climate_data.get("longitude", 0.0)
            timezone = climate_data.get("time_zone", 0.0)

            # Get ground reflectivity (default 0.2)
            ground_reflectivity = st.session_state.get("ground_reflectivity", 0.2)

            # Validate input parameters
            if not -90 <= latitude <= 90:
                logger.warning(f"Invalid latitude {latitude} for {component_name} ({component.component_type.value}). Using default 0.0.")
                latitude = 0.0
            if not -180 <= longitude <= 180:
                logger.warning(f"Invalid longitude {longitude} for {component_name} ({component.component_type.value}). Using default 0.0.")
                longitude = 0.0
            if not -12 <= timezone <= 14:
                logger.warning(f"Invalid timezone {timezone} for {component_name} ({component.component_type.value}). Using default 0.0.")
                timezone = 0.0
            if not 0 <= ground_reflectivity <= 1:
                logger.warning(f"Invalid ground_reflectivity {ground_reflectivity} for {component_name} ({component.component_type.value}). Using default 0.2.")
                ground_reflectivity = 0.2

            # Ensure hourly_data has required fields
            required_fields = ["month", "day", "hour", "global_horizontal_radiation", "direct_normal_radiation", 
                             "diffuse_horizontal_radiation", "dry_bulb"]
            if not all(field in hourly_data for field in required_fields):
                logger.warning(f"Missing required fields in hourly_data for hour {hour} for {component_name} ({component.component_type.value}): {hourly_data}")
                return 0

            # Skip if GHI <= 0
            if hourly_data["global_horizontal_radiation"] <= 0:
                logger.info(f"No solar load for hour {hour} due to GHI={hourly_data['global_horizontal_radiation']} for {component_name} ({component.component_type.value})")
                return 0

            # Extract weather data
            month = hourly_data["month"]
            day = hourly_data["day"]
            hour = hourly_data["hour"]
            ghi = hourly_data["global_horizontal_radiation"]
            dni = hourly_data.get("direct_normal_radiation", ghi * 0.7)  # Fallback: estimate DNI
            dhi = hourly_data.get("diffuse_horizontal_radiation", ghi * 0.3)  # Fallback: estimate DHI
            outdoor_temp = hourly_data["dry_bulb"]

            if ghi < 0 or dni < 0 or dhi < 0:
                logger.error(f"Negative radiation values for {month}/{day}/{hour} for {component_name} ({component.component_type.value})")
                raise ValueError(f"Negative radiation values for {month}/{day}/{hour}")

            logger.info(f"Processing solar for {month}/{day}/{hour} with GHI={ghi}, DNI={dni}, DHI={dhi}, "
                       f"dry_bulb={outdoor_temp} for {component_name} ({component.component_type.value})")

            # Step 1: Local Solar Time (LST) with Equation of Time
            year = 2025  # Fixed year since not provided
            n = TFMCalculations.day_of_year(month, day, year)
            EOT = TFMCalculations.equation_of_time(n)
            lambda_std = 15 * timezone  # Standard meridian longitude (°)
            standard_time = hour - 1 + 0.5  # Convert to decimal, assume mid-hour
            LST = standard_time + (4 * (lambda_std - longitude) + EOT) / 60 

            # Step 2: Solar Declination (δ)
            delta = 23.45 * math.sin(math.radians(360 / 365 * (284 + n)))

            # Step 3: Hour Angle (HRA)
            hra = 15 * (LST - 12)

            # Step 4: Solar Altitude (α) and Azimuth (ψ)
            phi = math.radians(latitude)
            delta_rad = math.radians(delta)
            hra_rad = math.radians(hra)

            sin_alpha = math.sin(phi) * math.sin(delta_rad) + math.cos(phi) * math.cos(delta_rad) * math.cos(hra_rad)
            alpha = math.degrees(math.asin(sin_alpha))

            if abs(math.cos(math.radians(alpha))) < 0.01:
                azimuth = 0  # North at sunrise/sunset
            else:
                sin_az = math.cos(delta_rad) * math.sin(hra_rad) / math.cos(math.radians(alpha))
                cos_az = (sin_alpha * math.sin(phi) - math.sin(delta_rad)) / (math.cos(math.radians(alpha)) * math.cos(phi))
                azimuth = math.degrees(math.atan2(sin_az, cos_az))
                if hra > 0:  # Afternoon
                    azimuth = 360 - azimuth if azimuth > 0 else -azimuth

            logger.info(f"Solar angles for {month}/{day}/{hour}: declination={delta:.2f}, LST={LST:.2f}, "
                       f"HRA={hra:.2f}, altitude={alpha:.2f}, azimuth={azimuth:.2f} for {component_name} ({component.component_type.value})")

            # Step 5: Get surface parameters
            building_info = {"orientation_angle": building_orientation}
            surface_tilt, surface_azimuth, h_o, emissivity, solar_absorption = \
                TFMCalculations.get_surface_parameters(
                    component, building_info, material_library, project_materials,
                    project_constructions, project_glazing_materials, project_door_materials
                )

            # For windows/skylights, get SHGC from material
            shgc = 0.7  # Default
            if component.component_type in [ComponentType.WINDOW, ComponentType.SKYLIGHT]:
                glazing_material = getattr(component, 'glazing_material', None)
                if glazing_material:
                    glazing_material_obj = (project_glazing_materials.get(glazing_material.name) or
                                           material_library.library_glazing_materials.get(glazing_material.name))
                    if glazing_material_obj:
                        shgc = glazing_material_obj.shgc
                        h_o = glazing_material_obj.h_o
                    else:
                        logger.warning(f"Glazing material '{glazing_material.name}' not found for {component_name} ({component.component_type.value}). Using default SHGC=0.7.")
                else:
                    logger.warning(f"No glazing material defined for {component_name} ({component.component_type.value}). Using default SHGC=0.7.")

            # Step 6: Calculate angle of incidence (θ)
            cos_theta = (math.sin(math.radians(alpha)) * math.cos(math.radians(surface_tilt)) +
                         math.cos(math.radians(alpha)) * math.sin(math.radians(surface_tilt)) *
                         math.cos(math.radians(azimuth - surface_azimuth)))
            cos_theta = max(min(cos_theta, 1.0), 0.0)  # Clamp to [0, 1]

            logger.info(f"  Component {component_name} ({component.component_type.value}) at {month}/{day}/{hour}: "
                        f"surface_tilt={surface_tilt:.2f}, surface_azimuth={surface_azimuth:.2f}, "
                        f"cos_theta={cos_theta:.2f}")

            # Step 7: Calculate total incident radiation (I_t)
            view_factor = (1 - math.cos(math.radians(surface_tilt))) / 2
            ground_reflected = ground_reflectivity * ghi * view_factor
            I_t = dni * cos_theta + dhi + ground_reflected

            # Step 8: Calculate solar heat gain for fenestration
            glazing_type = TFMCalculations.GLAZING_TYPE_MAPPING.get(component.name, 'Single Clear')
            iac = getattr(component, 'iac', 1.0)  # Default internal shading
            shgc_dynamic = shgc * TFMCalculations.calculate_dynamic_shgc(glazing_type, cos_theta)
            solar_heat_gain = component.area * shgc_dynamic * I_t * iac / 1000  # kW

            logger.info(f"Solar heat gain for {component_name} ({component.component_type.value}) at {month}/{day}/{hour}: "
                        f"{solar_heat_gain:.2f} kW (area={component.area}, shgc_dynamic={shgc_dynamic:.2f}, "
                        f"I_t={I_t:.2f}, iac={iac})")
            
            return solar_heat_gain

        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"Error calculating solar load for {component_name} ({component.component_type.value}) at hour {hour}: {str(e)}")
            return 0

    @staticmethod
    def calculate_internal_load(internal_loads: Dict, hour: int, operation_hours: int, area: float) -> float:
        """Calculate total internal load in kW."""
        total_load = 0
        for group in internal_loads.get("people", []):
            activity_data = group["activity_data"]
            sensible = (activity_data["sensible_min_w"] + activity_data["sensible_max_w"]) / 2
            latent = (activity_data["latent_min_w"] + activity_data["latent_max_w"]) / 2
            load_per_person = sensible + latent
            total_load += group["num_people"] * load_per_person * group["diversity_factor"]
        for light in internal_loads.get("lighting", []):
            lpd = light["lpd"]
            lighting_operating_hours = light["operating_hours"]
            fraction = min(lighting_operating_hours, operation_hours) / operation_hours if operation_hours > 0 else 0
            lighting_load = lpd * area * fraction
            total_load += lighting_load
        equipment = internal_loads.get("equipment")
        if equipment:
            total_power_density = equipment.get("total_power_density", 0)
            equipment_load = total_power_density * area
            total_load += equipment_load
        return total_load / 1000

    @staticmethod
    def calculate_ventilation_load(internal_loads: Dict, outdoor_temp: float, indoor_temp: float, area: float, building_info: Dict, mode: str = "none") -> tuple[float, float]:
        """Calculate ventilation load for heating and cooling in kW based on mode."""
        if mode == "none":
            return 0, 0
        ventilation = internal_loads.get("ventilation")
        if not ventilation:
            return 0, 0
        space_rate = ventilation.get("space_rate", 0.3)  # L/s/m²
        people_rate = ventilation.get("people_rate", 2.5)  # L/s/person
        num_people = sum(group["num_people"] for group in internal_loads.get("people", []))
        ventilation_flow = (space_rate * area + people_rate * num_people) / 1000  # m³/s
        air_density = 1.2  # kg/m³
        specific_heat = 1000  # J/kg·K
        delta_t = outdoor_temp - indoor_temp
        if mode == "cooling" and delta_t <= 0:
            return 0, 0
        if mode == "heating" and delta_t >= 0:
            return 0, 0
        load = ventilation_flow * air_density * specific_heat * delta_t / 1000  # kW
        cooling_load = load if mode == "cooling" else 0
        heating_load = -load if mode == "heating" else 0
        return cooling_load, heating_load

    @staticmethod
    def calculate_infiltration_load(internal_loads: Dict, outdoor_temp: float, indoor_temp: float, area: float, building_info: Dict, mode: str = "none") -> tuple[float, float]:
        """Calculate infiltration load for heating and cooling in kW based on mode."""
        if mode == "none":
            return 0, 0
        infiltration = internal_loads.get("infiltration")
        if not infiltration:
            return 0, 0
        method = infiltration.get("method", "ACH")
        settings = infiltration.get("settings", {})
        building_height = building_info.get("building_height", 3.0)
        volume = area * building_height  # m³
        air_density = 1.2  # kg/m³
        specific_heat = 1000  # J/kg·K
        delta_t = outdoor_temp - indoor_temp
        if mode == "cooling" and delta_t <= 0:
            return 0, 0
        if mode == "heating" and delta_t >= 0:
            return 0, 0
        if method == "ACH":
            ach = settings.get("rate", 0.5)
            infiltration_flow = ach * volume / 3600  # m³/s
        elif method == "Crack Flow":
            ela = settings.get("ela", 0.0001)  # m²/m²
            wind_speed = 4.0  # m/s (assumed)
            infiltration_flow = ela * area * wind_speed / 2  # m³/s
        else:  # Empirical Equations
            c = settings.get("c", 0.1)
            n = settings.get("n", 0.65)
            delta_t_abs = abs(delta_t)
            infiltration_flow = c * (delta_t_abs ** n) * area / 3600  # m³/s
        load = infiltration_flow * air_density * specific_heat * delta_t / 1000  # kW
        cooling_load = load if mode == "cooling" else 0
        heating_load = -load if mode == "heating" else 0
        return cooling_load, heating_load

    @staticmethod
    def get_adaptive_comfort_temp(outdoor_temp: float) -> float:
        """Calculate adaptive comfort temperature per ASHRAE 55."""
        if 10 <= outdoor_temp <= 33.5:
            return 0.31 * outdoor_temp + 17.8
        return 24.0  # Default to standard setpoint if outside range

    @staticmethod
    def filter_hourly_data(hourly_data: List[Dict], sim_period: Dict, climate_data: Dict) -> List[Dict]:
        """Filter hourly data based on simulation period, ignoring year."""
        if sim_period["type"] == "Full Year":
            return hourly_data
        filtered_data = []
        if sim_period["type"] == "From-to":
            start_month = sim_period["start_date"].month
            start_day = sim_period["start_date"].day
            end_month = sim_period["end_date"].month
            end_day = sim_period["end_date"].day
            for data in hourly_data:
                month, day = data["month"], data["day"]
                if (month > start_month or (month == start_month and day >= start_day)) and \
                   (month < end_month or (month == end_month and day <= end_day)):
                    filtered_data.append(data)
        elif sim_period["type"] in ["HDD", "CDD"]:
            base_temp = sim_period.get("base_temp", 18.3 if sim_period["type"] == "HDD" else 23.9)
            for data in hourly_data:
                temp = data["dry_bulb"]
                if (sim_period["type"] == "HDD" and temp < base_temp) or (sim_period["type"] == "CDD" and temp > base_temp):
                    filtered_data.append(data)
        return filtered_data

    @staticmethod
    def get_indoor_conditions(indoor_conditions: Dict, hour: int, outdoor_temp: float) -> Dict:
        """Determine indoor conditions based on user settings."""
        if indoor_conditions["type"] == "Fixed":
            mode = "none" if abs(outdoor_temp - 18) < 0.01 else "cooling" if outdoor_temp > 18 else "heating"
            if mode == "cooling":
                return {
                    "temperature": indoor_conditions.get("cooling_setpoint", {}).get("temperature", 24.0),
                    "rh": indoor_conditions.get("cooling_setpoint", {}).get("rh", 50.0)
                }
            elif mode == "heating":
                return {
                    "temperature": indoor_conditions.get("heating_setpoint", {}).get("temperature", 22.0),
                    "rh": indoor_conditions.get("heating_setpoint", {}).get("rh", 50.0)
                }
            else:
                return {"temperature": 24.0, "rh": 50.0}
        elif indoor_conditions["type"] == "Time-varying":
            schedule = indoor_conditions.get("schedule", [])
            if schedule:
                hour_idx = hour % 24
                for entry in schedule:
                    if entry["hour"] == hour_idx:
                        return {"temperature": entry["temperature"], "rh": entry["rh"]}
            return {"temperature": 24.0, "rh": 50.0}
        else:  # Adaptive
            return {"temperature": TFMCalculations.get_adaptive_comfort_temp(outdoor_temp), "rh": 50.0}

    @staticmethod
    def calculate_tfm_loads(components: Dict, hourly_data: List[Dict], indoor_conditions: Dict, internal_loads: Dict, building_info: Dict, sim_period: Dict, hvac_settings: Dict) -> List[Dict]:
        """Calculate TFM loads for heating and cooling with user-defined filters and temperature threshold."""
        filtered_data = TFMCalculations.filter_hourly_data(hourly_data, sim_period, building_info)
        temp_loads = []
        building_orientation = building_info.get("orientation_angle", 0.0)
        operating_periods = hvac_settings.get("operating_hours", [{"start": 8, "end": 18}])
        area = building_info.get("floor_area", 100.0)
        
        # Pre-calculate CTF coefficients for all components using CTFCalculator
        for comp_list in components.values():
            for comp in comp_list:
                comp.ctf = CTFCalculator.calculate_ctf_coefficients(comp)

        for hour_data in filtered_data:
            hour = hour_data["hour"]
            outdoor_temp = hour_data["dry_bulb"]
            indoor_cond = TFMCalculations.get_indoor_conditions(indoor_conditions, hour, outdoor_temp)
            indoor_temp = indoor_cond["temperature"]
            # Initialize all loads to 0
            conduction_cooling = conduction_heating = solar = internal = ventilation_cooling = ventilation_heating = infiltration_cooling = infiltration_heating = 0
            # Check if hour is within operating periods
            is_operating = False
            for period in operating_periods:
                start_hour = period.get("start", 8)
                end_hour = period.get("end", 18)
                if start_hour <= hour % 24 <= end_hour:
                    is_operating = True
                    break
            # Determine mode based on temperature threshold (18°C)
            mode = "none" if abs(outdoor_temp - 18) < 0.01 else "cooling" if outdoor_temp > 18 else "heating"
            if is_operating and mode == "cooling":
                for comp_list in components.values():
                    for comp in comp_list:
                        cool_load, _ = TFMCalculations.calculate_conduction_load(comp, outdoor_temp, indoor_temp, hour, mode="cooling")
                        conduction_cooling += cool_load
                        # Updated call to calculate_solar_load to match current signature
                        solar += TFMCalculations.calculate_solar_load(comp, hour_data, hour, building_orientation, mode="cooling")
                internal = TFMCalculations.calculate_internal_load(internal_loads, hour, max([p["end"] - p["start"] for p in operating_periods]), area)
                ventilation_cooling, _ = TFMCalculations.calculate_ventilation_load(internal_loads, outdoor_temp, indoor_temp, area, building_info, mode="cooling")
                infiltration_cooling, _ = TFMCalculations.calculate_infiltration_load(internal_loads, outdoor_temp, indoor_temp, area, building_info, mode="cooling")
            elif is_operating and mode == "heating":
                for comp_list in components.values():
                    for comp in comp_list:
                        _, heat_load = TFMCalculations.calculate_conduction_load(comp, outdoor_temp, indoor_temp, hour, mode="heating")
                        conduction_heating += heat_load
                internal = TFMCalculations.calculate_internal_load(internal_loads, hour, max([p["end"] - p["start"] for p in operating_periods]), area)
                _, ventilation_heating = TFMCalculations.calculate_ventilation_load(internal_loads, outdoor_temp, indoor_temp, area, building_info, mode="heating")
                _, infiltration_heating = TFMCalculations.calculate_infiltration_load(internal_loads, outdoor_temp, indoor_temp, area, building_info, mode="heating")
            else:  # mode == "none" or not is_operating
                internal = 0  # No internal loads when no heating or cooling is needed or outside operating hours
            # Calculate total loads, subtracting internal load for heating
            total_cooling = conduction_cooling + solar + internal + ventilation_cooling + infiltration_cooling
            total_heating = max(conduction_heating + ventilation_heating + infiltration_heating - internal, 0)
            # Enforce mutual exclusivity within hour
            if mode == "cooling":
                total_heating = 0
            elif mode == "heating":
                total_cooling = 0
            temp_loads.append({
                "hour": hour,
                "month": hour_data["month"],
                "day": hour_data["day"],
                "conduction_cooling": conduction_cooling,
                "conduction_heating": conduction_heating,
                "solar": solar,
                "internal": internal,
                "ventilation_cooling": ventilation_cooling,
                "ventilation_heating": ventilation_heating,
                "infiltration_cooling": infiltration_cooling,
                "infiltration_heating": infiltration_heating,
                "total_cooling": total_cooling,
                "total_heating": total_heating
            })
        # Group loads by day and apply daily control
        loads_by_day = defaultdict(list)
        for load in temp_loads:
            day_key = (load["month"], load["day"])
            loads_by_day[day_key].append(load)
        final_loads = []
        for day_key, day_loads in loads_by_day.items():
            # Count hours with non-zero cooling and heating loads
            cooling_hours = sum(1 for load in day_loads if load["total_cooling"] > 0)
            heating_hours = sum(1 for load in day_loads if load["total_heating"] > 0)
            # Apply daily control
            for load in day_loads:
                if cooling_hours > heating_hours:
                    load["total_heating"] = 0  # Keep cooling components, zero heating total
                elif heating_hours > cooling_hours:
                    load["total_cooling"] = 0  # Keep heating components, zero cooling total
                else:  # Equal hours
                    load["total_cooling"] = 0
                    load["total_heating"] = 0  # Zero both totals, keep components
                final_loads.append(load)
        return final_loads