from __future__ import annotations

"""Sundew Diabetes Commons – holistic, open Streamlit experience.

This app demonstrates a lightweight gating pipeline with an optional native
Sundew integration, feature engineering over CGM-like time series, a simple
logistic baseline, and a compact UI for overview, treatment, lifestyle, and
telemetry.

⚠️ Medical disclaimer: This software is for research & educational purposes only
and does *not* provide medical advice. Always consult qualified clinicians.

Copyright (c) 2025 The Sundew Diabetes Commons authors
SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
"""

from dataclasses import dataclass
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple

import json
import logging
import math

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import streamlit as st
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Optional Sundew dependency (kept import-safe for open source distribution)
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
try:
    from sundew import SundewAlgorithm  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
    from sundew.config import SundewConfig
    from sundew.config_presets import get_preset

    _HAS_SUNDEW = True
except Exception:  # pragma: no cover - fallback when package is unavailable
    SundewAlgorithm = None  # type: ignore
    SundewConfig = object  # type: ignore

    def get_preset(_: str) -> Any:  # type: ignore
        return None

    _HAS_SUNDEW = False


LOGGER = logging.getLogger("sundew.diabetes.commons")
if not LOGGER.handlers:
    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format="%(levelname)s %(name)s: %(message)s")


# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Config & Gate
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@dataclass
class SundewGateConfig:
    target_activation: float = 0.22
    temperature: float = 0.08
    mode: str = "tuned_v2"
    use_native: bool = True
    rng_seed: Optional[int] = 17


def _build_sundew_runtime(config: SundewGateConfig) -> Optional["SundewAlgorithm"]:
    """Try multiple Sundew constructor forms; fall back to None if unavailable."""
    if not (config.use_native and _HAS_SUNDEW and SundewAlgorithm is not None):
        return None
    try:
        preset = get_preset(config.mode)
    except Exception:
        LOGGER.warning("Could not load preset %s; using bare SundewConfig", config.mode)
        preset = SundewConfig()  # type: ignore
    # best-effort attribute binding
    for attr, value in (
        ("target_activation_rate", config.target_activation),
        ("gate_temperature", config.temperature),
    ):
        try:
            setattr(preset, attr, value)
        except Exception:
            LOGGER.debug("Preset missing attribute %s", attr)
    # try common constructor signatures
    for constructor in (
        lambda: SundewAlgorithm(preset),  # type: ignore[arg-type]
        lambda: SundewAlgorithm(config=preset),  # type: ignore[arg-type]
        lambda: SundewAlgorithm(),
    ):
        try:
            return constructor()
        except Exception as exc:
            LOGGER.debug("Sundew constructor failed: %s", exc)
            continue
    return None


class AdaptiveGate:
    """Adapter that hides Sundew/Fallback branching.

    If native Sundew is not present, uses a simple logistic gate whose threshold
    self-adjusts via a moving target activation rate.
    """

    def __init__(self, config: SundewGateConfig) -> None:
        self.config = config
        self._ema = 0.0
        self._tau = float(np.clip(config.target_activation, 0.05, 0.95))
        self._alpha = 0.05
        self._rng = np.random.default_rng(config.rng_seed)
        self.sundew: Optional["SundewAlgorithm"] = _build_sundew_runtime(config)

    def decide(self, score: float) -> bool:
        if self.sundew is not None:
            for attr in ("decide", "step", "open"):
                fn = getattr(self.sundew, attr, None)
                if callable(fn):
                    try:
                        return bool(fn(score))
                    except Exception as exc:
                        LOGGER.debug("Sundew.%s failed: %s", attr, exc)
                        continue
        # Fallback: temperatured logistic on a normalized score
        normalized = float(np.clip(score / 1.4, 0.0, 1.0))
        temperature = max(self.config.temperature, 0.02)
        probability = 1.0 / (1.0 + math.exp(-(normalized - self._tau) / temperature))
        fired = bool(self._rng.random() < probability)
        # EMA of activations and threshold nudging toward target rate
        self._ema = (1 - self._alpha) * self._ema + self._alpha * (1.0 if fired else 0.0)
        self._tau += 0.05 * (self.config.target_activation - self._ema)
        self._tau = float(np.clip(self._tau, 0.05, 0.95))
        return fired


# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Data utilities
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

def load_example_dataset(n_rows: int = 720) -> pd.DataFrame:
    rng = np.random.default_rng(17)
    t0 = pd.Timestamp.utcnow().floor("5min") - pd.Timedelta(minutes=5 * n_rows)
    timestamps = [t0 + pd.Timedelta(minutes=5 * i) for i in range(n_rows)]
    base = 118 + 28 * np.sin(np.linspace(0, 7 * math.pi, n_rows))
    noise = rng.normal(0, 12, n_rows)
    meals = (rng.random(n_rows) < 0.05).astype(float) * rng.normal(50, 18, n_rows).clip(0, 150)
    insulin = (rng.random(n_rows) < 0.03).astype(float) * rng.normal(4.2, 1.5, n_rows).clip(0, 10)
    steps = rng.integers(0, 200, size=n_rows)
    heart_rate = 68 + (steps > 90) * rng.integers(20, 45, size=n_rows)
    sleep_flag = (rng.random(n_rows) < 0.12).astype(float)
    stress_index = rng.uniform(0, 1, n_rows)

    glucose = base + noise
    for i in range(n_rows):
        if i >= 6:
            glucose[i] += 0.4 * meals[i - 6 : i].sum() / 6
        if i >= 4:
            glucose[i] -= 1.2 * insulin[i - 4 : i].sum() / 4
        if steps[i] > 100:
            glucose[i] -= 15
    glucose[180:200] = rng.normal(62, 5, 20)
    glucose[350:365] = rng.normal(210, 10, 15)

    return pd.DataFrame(
        {
            "timestamp": timestamps,
            "glucose_mgdl": np.round(np.clip(glucose, 40, 350), 1),
            "carbs_g": np.round(meals, 1),
            "insulin_units": np.round(insulin, 1),
            "steps": steps.astype(int),
            "hr": (heart_rate + rng.normal(0, 5, n_rows)).round().astype(int),
            "sleep_flag": sleep_flag,
            "stress_index": stress_index,
        }
    )


def compute_features(df: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame:
    df = df.copy().sort_values("timestamp").reset_index(drop=True)
    df["timestamp"] = pd.to_datetime(df["timestamp"], utc=True)

    # Time delta in minutes (robust vs. dtype casting)
    dt_min = df["timestamp"].diff().dt.total_seconds().div(60).fillna(5.0)

    # Rate of change and smoothed baseline deviation
    glucose_prev = df["glucose_mgdl"].shift(1)
    df["roc_mgdl_min"] = (df["glucose_mgdl"] - glucose_prev).div(dt_min)
    df["roc_mgdl_min"] = df["roc_mgdl_min"].replace([np.inf, -np.inf], 0.0).fillna(0.0)

    ema = df["glucose_mgdl"].ewm(span=48, adjust=False).mean()
    df["deviation"] = (df["glucose_mgdl"] - ema).fillna(0.0)

    df["iob_proxy"] = df["insulin_units"].rolling(12, min_periods=1).sum() / 12.0
    df["cob_proxy"] = df["carbs_g"].rolling(12, min_periods=1).sum() / 12.0
    df["variability"] = df["glucose_mgdl"].rolling(24, min_periods=2).std().fillna(0.0)

    df["activity_factor"] = (df["steps"].div(200.0) + df["hr"].div(160.0)).clip(0, 1)
    df["sleep_flag"] = df.get("sleep_flag", 0.0)
    df["stress_index"] = df.get("stress_index", 0.5)

    return df[
        [
            "timestamp",
            "glucose_mgdl",
            "roc_mgdl_min",
            "deviation",
            "iob_proxy",
            "cob_proxy",
            "variability",
            "activity_factor",
            "sleep_flag",
            "stress_index",
        ]
    ].copy()


# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Scoring & Modeling
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

def lightweight_score(row: pd.Series) -> float:
    glucose = row["glucose_mgdl"]
    roc = row["roc_mgdl_min"]
    deviation = row["deviation"]
    iob = row["iob_proxy"]
    cob = row["cob_proxy"]
    stress = row["stress_index"]

    score = 0.0
    score += max(0.0, (glucose - 180) / 80)
    score += max(0.0, (70 - glucose) / 30)
    score += abs(roc) / 6.0
    score += abs(deviation) / 100.0
    score += stress * 0.4
    score += max(0.0, (cob - iob) * 0.04)

    return float(np.clip(score, 0.0, 1.4))


def train_simple_model(df: pd.DataFrame) -> Optional[Pipeline]:
    features = df[[
        "glucose_mgdl",
        "roc_mgdl_min",
        "iob_proxy",
        "cob_proxy",
        "activity_factor",
        "variability",
    ]]
    labels = (df["glucose_mgdl"] > 180).astype(int)

    model: Pipeline = Pipeline(
        [
            ("scaler", StandardScaler()),
            ("clf", LogisticRegression(max_iter=400, class_weight="balanced")),
        ]
    )
    try:
        model.fit(features, labels)
        return model
    except Exception as exc:
        LOGGER.warning("Model training failed: %s", exc)
        return None


# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# UI rendering
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

def render_overview(
    results: pd.DataFrame,
    alerts: List[Dict[str, Any]],
    gate_config: SundewGateConfig,
) -> None:
    total = len(results)
    activations = int(results["activated"].sum())
    activation_rate = activations / max(total, 1)
    energy_savings = max(0.0, 1.0 - activation_rate)

    col_a, col_b, col_c, col_d = st.columns(4)
    col_a.metric("Events", f"{total}")
    col_b.metric("Heavy activations", f"{activations} ({activation_rate:.1%})")
    col_c.metric("Estimated energy saved", f"{energy_savings:.1%}")
    col_d.metric("Alerts", f"{len(alerts)}")

    if gate_config.use_native and _HAS_SUNDEW:
        st.caption(
            "Energy savings follow 1 − activation rate. With native Sundew gating we target "
            f"≈{gate_config.target_activation:.0%} activations, so savings approach "
            f"{1 - gate_config.target_activation:.0%}."
        )
    else:
        st.warning(
            "Fallback gate active – heavy inference runs frequently, so savings mirror the observed activation rate."
        )

    with st.expander("Recent alerts", expanded=False):
        if alerts:
            st.table(pd.DataFrame(alerts).tail(10))
        else:
            st.info("No high-risk alerts in this window.")

    st.area_chart(results.set_index("timestamp")["glucose_mgdl"], height=220)


def render_treatment_plan(medications: Dict[str, Any], next_visit: str) -> None:
    st.subheader("Full-cycle treatment support")
    st.write(
        "Upload or edit medication schedules, insulin titration guidance, and clinician notes."
    )
    st.json(medications, expanded=False)
    st.caption(f"Next scheduled review: {next_visit}")


def render_lifestyle_support(results: pd.DataFrame) -> None:
    st.subheader("Lifestyle & wellbeing")
    recent = results.tail(96).copy()
    avg_glucose = recent["glucose_mgdl"].mean()
    active_minutes = int((recent["activity_factor"] > 0.4).sum() * 5)

    col1, col2 = st.columns(2)
    col1.metric("Average glucose (8h)", f"{avg_glucose:.1f} mg/dL")
    col2.metric("Active minutes", f"{active_minutes} min")

    st.markdown(
        """
- Aim for gentle movement every hour you are awake.
- Pair carbohydrates with protein/fiber to smooth spikes.
- Sleep flagged recently? Try 10‑minute breathing before bed.
- Journal one gratitude moment — stress strongly shapes risk.
"""
    )


def render_community_actions() -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
    st.subheader("Community impact")
    st.write(
        "Invite families, caregivers, and clinics to the commons. Set up alerts, shared logs, and outreach."
    )
    contact_list = [
        "SMS: +233-200-000-111",
        "WhatsApp: Care Circle Group",
        "Clinic portal: sundew.health/community",
    ]
    st.table(pd.DataFrame({"Support channel": contact_list}))
    return {
        "Desired partners": ["Rural clinics", "Youth ambassadors", "Nutrition co-ops"],
        "Needs": ["Smartphone grants", "Solar charging kits", "Translation volunteers"],
    }


def render_telemetry(results: pd.DataFrame, telemetry: List[Dict[str, Any]]) -> None:
    st.subheader("Telemetry & export")
    st.write(
        "Download event-level telemetry for validation, research, or regulatory reporting."
    )
    st.caption(
        "Energy savings are computed as 1 minus the observed activation rate. When the gate stays mostly open, savings naturally trend toward zero."
    )
    json_payload = json.dumps(telemetry, default=str, indent=2)
    st.download_button(
        label="Download telemetry (JSON)",
        data=json_payload,
        file_name="sundew_diabetes_telemetry.json",
        mime="application/json",
    )
    st.dataframe(results.tail(100), use_container_width=True)


# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# App
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

def main() -> None:
    st.set_page_config(page_title="Sundew Diabetes Commons", layout="wide", page_icon="🩺")
    st.title("Sundew Diabetes Commons")
    st.caption("Open, compassionate diabetes care — monitoring, treatment, lifestyle, community.")

    # Sidebar – data
    st.sidebar.header("Load data")
    uploaded = st.sidebar.file_uploader("CGM / diary CSV", type=["csv"])
    use_example = st.sidebar.checkbox("Use synthetic example", True)

    # Sidebar – config
    st.sidebar.header("Sundew configuration")
    use_native = st.sidebar.checkbox(
        "Use native Sundew gating",
        value=_HAS_SUNDEW,
        help="Disable to demo the lightweight fallback gate only.",
    )
    target_activation = st.sidebar.slider("Target activation", 0.05, 0.90, 0.22, 0.01)
    temperature = st.sidebar.slider("Gate temperature", 0.02, 0.50, 0.08, 0.01)
    mode = st.sidebar.selectbox("Preset", ["tuned_v2", "conservative", "aggressive", "auto_tuned"], index=0)

    # Data source
    if uploaded is not None:
        df = pd.read_csv(uploaded)
    elif use_example:
        df = load_example_dataset()
    else:
        st.stop()

    features = compute_features(df)
    model = train_simple_model(features)

    gate_config = SundewGateConfig(
        target_activation=target_activation,
        temperature=temperature,
        mode=mode,
        use_native=use_native,
    )
    gate = AdaptiveGate(gate_config)

    telemetry: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
    records: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
    alerts: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []

    progress = st.progress(0)
    status = st.empty()

    for idx, row in enumerate(features.itertuples(index=False), start=1):
        row_s = pd.Series(row._asdict())
        score = lightweight_score(row_s)
        should_run = gate.decide(score)
        risk_proba: Optional[float] = None

        if should_run and model is not None:
            sample = np.array([[
                row.glucose_mgdl,
                row.roc_mgdl_min,
                row.iob_proxy,
                row.cob_proxy,
                row.activity_factor,
                row.variability,
            ]])
            try:
                risk_proba = float(model.predict_proba(sample)[0, 1])  # type: ignore[index]
            except Exception as exc:
                LOGGER.debug("predict_proba failed: %s", exc)
                risk_proba = None

        if (risk_proba is not None) and (risk_proba >= 0.6):
            alerts.append({
                "timestamp": row.timestamp,
                "glucose": row.glucose_mgdl,
                "risk": risk_proba,
                "message": "Check CGM, hydrate, plan balanced snack/insulin",
            })

        records.append({
            "timestamp": row.timestamp,
            "glucose_mgdl": row.glucose_mgdl,
            "roc_mgdl_min": row.roc_mgdl_min,
            "deviation": row.deviation,
            "iob_proxy": row.iob_proxy,
            "cob_proxy": row.cob_proxy,
            "variability": row.variability,
            "activity_factor": row.activity_factor,
            "score": score,
            "activated": should_run,
            "risk_proba": risk_proba,
        })

        telemetry.append({
            "timestamp": str(row.timestamp),
            "score": score,
            "activated": should_run,
            "risk_proba": risk_proba,
        })

        progress.progress(idx / len(features))
        status.text(f"Processing event {idx}/{len(features)}")

    progress.empty()
    status.empty()

    results = pd.DataFrame(records)

    tabs = st.tabs(["Overview", "Treatment", "Lifestyle", "Community", "Telemetry"])

    with tabs[0]:
        render_overview(results, alerts, gate_config)

    with tabs[1]:
        st.subheader("Full-cycle treatment support")
        default_plan = {
            "Insulin": {
                "Basal": "14u glargine at 21:00",
                "Bolus": "1u per 10g carbs + correction 1u per 40 mg/dL over 140",
            },
            "Oral medications": {
                "Metformin": "500mg breakfast + 500mg dinner",
                "Empagliflozin": "10mg once daily (if eGFR > 45)",
            },
            "Monitoring": [
                "CGM sensor change every 10 days",
                "Morning fasted CGM calibration",
                "Weekly telehealth coaching",
                "Quarterly in-person clinician review",
            ],
            "Safety plan": [
                "Carry glucose tabs + glucagon kit",
                "Emergency contact: +233-200-000-888",
            ],
            "Lifestyle": [
                "30 min brisk walk 5x/week",
                "Bedtime snack if glucose < 110 mg/dL",
                "Hydrate 2L water daily unless contraindicated",
            ],
        }
        st.caption("Upload or edit schedules, medication titration guidance, and clinician notes.")
        uploaded_plan = st.file_uploader("Optional plan JSON", type=["json"], key="plan_uploader")
        plan_text = st.text_area("Edit plan JSON", json.dumps(default_plan, indent=2), height=240)

        plan_data = default_plan
        if uploaded_plan is not None:
            try:
                plan_data = json.load(uploaded_plan)
            except Exception as exc:
                st.error(f"Could not parse uploaded plan JSON: {exc}")
                plan_data = default_plan
        else:
            try:
                plan_data = json.loads(plan_text)
            except Exception as exc:
                st.warning(f"Using default plan because text could not be parsed: {exc}")
                plan_data = default_plan

        next_visit = (datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(days=30)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d (telehealth)")
        render_treatment_plan(plan_data, next_visit=next_visit)

    with tabs[2]:
        render_lifestyle_support(results)

    with tabs[3]:
        community_items = render_community_actions()
        st.json(community_items, expanded=False)

    with tabs[4]:
        render_telemetry(results, telemetry)

    st.sidebar.markdown("---")
    status_text = (
        "native gating" if gate_config.use_native and gate.sundew is not None else "fallback gate"
    )
    st.sidebar.caption(f"Sundew status: {status_text}")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()