app.py

import gradio as gr
import geopandas as gpd
import pandas as pd
import json
import base64
from shapely.geometry import MultiPolygon

# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# IUCN Category reference information
# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
IUCN_CATEGORIES = {
    "Ia": {
        "name": "Strict Nature Reserve",
        "description": (
            "Strictly protected for biodiversity, geological/geomorphological"
            " features, and scientific research."
        ),
    },
    "Ib": {
        "name": "Wilderness Area",
        "description": (
            "Large, unmodified areas retaining natural character, without"
            " permanent habitation, managed to preserve natural condition."
        ),
    },
    "II": {
        "name": "National Park",
        "description": (
            "Large natural/near-natural areas protecting large-scale ecological"
            " processes and species, while allowing compatible spiritual/"
            "recreational use."
        ),
    },
    "III": {
        "name": "Natural Monument/Feature",
        "description": (
            "Set aside to protect a specific natural monument, landform, sea"
            " mount, or geological feature."
        ),
    },
    "IV": {
        "name": "Habitat/Species Management Area",
        "description": (
            "Protects particular species or habitats, often requiring regular,"
            " active management interventions."
        ),
    },
    "V": {
        "name": "Protected Landscape/Seascape",
        "description": (
            "Protects areas where the interaction of people and nature over"
            " time has produced a distinct character."
        ),
    },
    "VI": {
        "name": "Sustainable Use Area",
        "description": (
            "Conserves ecosystems and habitats together with associated"
            " cultural values and traditional natural resource management"
            " systems."
        ),
    },
    "Not Applicable": {
        "name": "Not Applicable",
        "description": "IUCN category is not applicable to this protected area.",
    },
    "Not Assigned": {
        "name": "Not Assigned",
        "description": "IUCN category has not been assigned.",
    },
    "Not Reported": {
        "name": "Not Reported",
        "description": "IUCN category has not been reported.",
    },
}

# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# Color palette for IUCN categories
# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
IUCN_COLORS = {
    "Ia":             "rgba(95, 70, 144, 0.65)",
    "Ib":             "rgba(29, 105, 150, 0.65)",
    "II":             "rgba(56, 166, 165, 0.65)",
    "III":            "rgba(15, 133, 84, 0.65)",
    "IV":             "rgba(115, 175, 72, 0.65)",
    "V":              "rgba(237, 173, 8, 0.65)",
    "VI":             "rgba(225, 124, 5, 0.65)",
    "Not Applicable": "rgba(204, 80, 62, 0.65)",
    "Not Assigned":   "rgba(148, 103, 189, 0.65)",
    "Not Reported":   "rgba(140, 140, 140, 0.65)",
}

DEFAULT_COLOR = "rgba(200, 200, 200, 0.5)"

# Terrain exaggeration (1 = real, 1.5-3 = good for country scale)
TERRAIN_EXAGGERATION = 20


# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# Helper: keep only the largest polygon from a MultiPolygon
# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def largest_polygon(geom):
    if isinstance(geom, MultiPolygon):
        return max(geom.geoms, key=lambda g: g.area)
    return geom


# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# Load data
# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
try:
    protected_gdf = gpd.read_parquet(
        "Russia_protected_areas_simplified.geoparquet"
    )
    protected_gdf = protected_gdf.to_crs(epsg=4326)
    print(f"Loaded {len(protected_gdf)} protected areas")

    protected_gdf["geometry"] = protected_gdf.geometry.apply(largest_polygon)

    if "IUCN_CAT" in protected_gdf.columns:
        protected_gdf["IUCN_CAT"] = (
            protected_gdf["IUCN_CAT"]
            .fillna("Not Reported")
            .astype(str)
            .apply(lambda x: x if x in IUCN_CATEGORIES else "Not Reported")
        )

    columns_to_keep = [
        "NAME", "DESIG", "DESIG_ENG", "DESIG_TYPE", "IUCN_CAT", "geometry",
    ]
    available_columns = [
        c for c in columns_to_keep if c in protected_gdf.columns
    ]
    protected_gdf = protected_gdf[available_columns].copy()

    print(f"Columns retained: {', '.join(protected_gdf.columns.tolist())}")
    print("\nIUCN Category distribution:")
    print(protected_gdf["IUCN_CAT"].value_counts().sort_index())

except Exception as e:
    print(f"Error loading protected areas: {e}")
    protected_gdf = None


# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# Helpers
# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def format_value(value):
    if pd.isna(value) or value in ("", "None"):
        return "N/A"
    return str(value)


def create_legend_table():
    rows = [
        {
            "Category": cat,
            "Name": info["name"],
            "Primary Objective": info["description"],
        }
        for cat, info in IUCN_CATEGORIES.items()
    ]
    return pd.DataFrame(rows)


# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# Convert GeoDataFrame → GeoJSON with IUCN_CAT in properties
# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def gdf_to_geojson(gdf):
    features = []
    for _, row in gdf.iterrows():
        props = {
            "name":       format_value(row.get("NAME")),
            "desig":      format_value(row.get("DESIG")),
            "desig_eng":  format_value(row.get("DESIG_ENG")),
            "desig_type": format_value(row.get("DESIG_TYPE")),
            "iucn_cat":   format_value(row.get("IUCN_CAT")),
        }
        features.append({
            "type": "Feature",
            "geometry": row["geometry"].__geo_interface__,
            "properties": props,
        })
    return {"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": features}


# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# Build the MapLibre GL JS map (full HTML)
# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
def create_map():
    if protected_gdf is None:
        return "<p style='color:red'>Error: Could not load data.</p>"

    print("Building GeoJSON …")
    geojson_data = gdf_to_geojson(protected_gdf)
    geojson_str = json.dumps(geojson_data)
    print(f"  {len(geojson_data['features'])} features serialized.")

    # Build the MapLibre color match expression for IUCN_CAT
    color_expr = ["match", ["get", "iucn_cat"]]
    for cat, color in IUCN_COLORS.items():
        color_expr.append(cat)
        color_expr.append(color)
    color_expr.append(DEFAULT_COLOR)  # fallback
    color_expr_json = json.dumps(color_expr)

    # Legend HTML
    legend_items = ""
    for cat, color in IUCN_COLORS.items():
        label = f"{cat} — {IUCN_CATEGORIES[cat]['name']}"
        legend_items += (
            f'<div style="display:flex;align-items:center;margin:2px 0">'
            f'<span style="display:inline-block;width:14px;height:14px;'
            f"background:{color};border:1px solid #555;"
            f'margin-right:6px;border-radius:2px"></span>'
            f'<span style="color:#222">{label}</span></div>'
        )

    map_html = f"""<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<script src="https://unpkg.com/maplibre-gl@4.7.1/dist/maplibre-gl.js"></script>
<link href="https://unpkg.com/maplibre-gl@4.7.1/dist/maplibre-gl.css" rel="stylesheet">
<style>
  body {{ margin:0; padding:0; }}
  #map {{ position:absolute; top:0; bottom:0; width:100%; }}
  #legend {{
    position:absolute; top:10px; left:10px; z-index:10;
    background:rgba(255,255,255,0.92); padding:10px 14px;
    border-radius:6px; font-size:11px; font-family:sans-serif;
    max-height:340px; overflow-y:auto;
    box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
  }}
  #legend b {{ font-size:12px; }}
  .maplibregl-popup-content {{
    font-family:sans-serif; font-size:13px; padding:10px;
  }}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="map"></div>
<div id="legend"><b>IUCN Category</b><br>{legend_items}</div>
<script>
const geojsonData = {geojson_str};

const map = new maplibregl.Map({{
  container: 'map',
  style: {{
    version: 8,
    glyphs: "https://demotiles.maplibre.org/font/{{fontstack}}/{{range}}.pbf",
    sources: {{
      'esri-satellite': {{
        type: 'raster',
        tiles: [
          'https://server.arcgisonline.com/ArcGIS/rest/services/World_Imagery/MapServer/tile/{{z}}/{{y}}/{{x}}'
        ],
        tileSize: 256,
        maxzoom: 18,
        attribution: '© Esri'
      }},
      'carto-labels': {{
        type: 'raster',
        tiles: [
          'https://a.basemaps.cartocdn.com/light_only_labels/{{z}}/{{x}}/{{y}}@2x.png',
          'https://b.basemaps.cartocdn.com/light_only_labels/{{z}}/{{x}}/{{y}}@2x.png',
          'https://c.basemaps.cartocdn.com/light_only_labels/{{z}}/{{x}}/{{y}}@2x.png'
        ],
        tileSize: 256,
        maxzoom: 19,
        attribution: '© CartoDB © OpenStreetMap contributors'
      }},
      'terrain-dem': {{
        type: 'raster-dem',
        tiles: [
          'https://s3.amazonaws.com/elevation-tiles-prod/terrarium/{{z}}/{{x}}/{{y}}.png'
        ],
        tileSize: 256,
        maxzoom: 15,
        encoding: 'terrarium'
      }}
    }},
    layers: [
      {{
        id: 'satellite',
        type: 'raster',
        source: 'esri-satellite',
        minzoom: 0,
        maxzoom: 22
      }},
      {{
        id: 'labels-overlay',
        type: 'raster',
        source: 'carto-labels',
        minzoom: 0,
        maxzoom: 22,
        paint: {{ 'raster-opacity': 0.85 }}
      }}
    ],
    terrain: {{
      source: 'terrain-dem',
      exaggeration: {TERRAIN_EXAGGERATION}
    }}
  }},
  center: [90, 60],
  zoom: 2.5,
  pitch: 50,
  bearing: 0,
  maxPitch: 85,
  antialias: true
}});

map.addControl(new maplibregl.NavigationControl(), 'top-right');

map.on('load', () => {{

  // Add protected-areas source
  map.addSource('protected-areas', {{
    type: 'geojson',
    data: geojsonData
  }});

  // Filled polygons (inserted BELOW labels so labels stay on top)
  map.addLayer({{
    id: 'protected-fill',
    type: 'fill',
    source: 'protected-areas',
    paint: {{
      'fill-color': {color_expr_json},
      'fill-opacity': 0.6
    }}
  }}, 'labels-overlay');

  // Polygon outlines
  map.addLayer({{
    id: 'protected-outline',
    type: 'line',
    source: 'protected-areas',
    paint: {{
      'line-color': '#ffffff',
      'line-width': 0.8,
      'line-opacity': 0.5
    }}
  }}, 'labels-overlay');

  // Hover popup
  const popup = new maplibregl.Popup({{
    closeButton: false,
    closeOnClick: false,
    maxWidth: '320px'
  }});

  map.on('mouseenter', 'protected-fill', (e) => {{
    map.getCanvas().style.cursor = 'pointer';
    const p = e.features[0].properties;
    popup.setLngLat(e.lngLat)
      .setHTML(
        '<b>Name:</b> ' + p.name + '<br>' +
        '<b>Designation:</b> ' + p.desig + '<br>' +
        '<b>Designation (EN):</b> ' + p.desig_eng + '<br>' +
        '<b>Designation Type:</b> ' + p.desig_type + '<br>' +
        '<b>IUCN Category:</b> ' + p.iucn_cat
      )
      .addTo(map);
  }});

  map.on('mousemove', 'protected-fill', (e) => {{
    popup.setLngLat(e.lngLat);
  }});

  map.on('mouseleave', 'protected-fill', () => {{
    map.getCanvas().style.cursor = '';
    popup.remove();
  }});
}});
</script>
</body>
</html>"""

    # Encode as base64 data-URI
    html_bytes = map_html.encode("utf-8")
    b64 = base64.b64encode(html_bytes).decode("ascii")

    return (
        f'<iframe src="data:text/html;base64,{b64}" '
        f'width="100%" height="800" '
        f'style="border:none;border-radius:8px;" '
        f'sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin" '
        f'loading="lazy"></iframe>'
    )


# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# Gradio UI
# ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
with gr.Blocks(title="Russia Protected Areas") as demo:
    gr.Markdown("# Protected Areas of Russia — 3D Terrain")
    gr.Markdown(
        "Explore protected areas in Russia colored by their IUCN"
        " conservation category, draped over 3D satellite terrain."
        " Drag to rotate, scroll to zoom, Ctrl+drag to change pitch."
    )

    with gr.Row():
        map_html = gr.HTML(value=create_map(), label="3D Terrain Map")

    with gr.Row():
        gr.Markdown("## IUCN Protected Area Categories")

    with gr.Row():
        legend_table = gr.DataFrame(
            value=create_legend_table(),
            label="Category Definitions",
            interactive=False,
            wrap=True,
        )

    if protected_gdf is not None:
        with gr.Row():
            gr.Markdown("## Statistics")

        with gr.Row():
            total_areas = len(protected_gdf)
            stats_data = []
            for cat in IUCN_CATEGORIES:
                count = len(protected_gdf[protected_gdf["IUCN_CAT"] == cat])
                if count > 0:
                    percentage = (count / total_areas) * 100
                    stats_data.append({
                        "IUCN Category": cat,
                        "Number of Areas": f"{count:,}",
                        "Percentage": f"{percentage:.1f}%",
                    })
            gr.DataFrame(
                value=pd.DataFrame(stats_data),
                label=f"Distribution of {total_areas:,} Protected Areas",
                interactive=False,
            )

    gr.Markdown("""
    ---
    ### Data Sources & Attribution

    **Protected Areas Data:** [Protected Planet - WDPA](https://www.protectedplanet.net/)

    **IUCN Categories:** [IUCN Protected Area Categories System](https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-area-categories)

    **Elevation Tiles:** [AWS Terrain Tiles (Terrarium)](https://registry.opendata.aws/terrain-tiles/)

    **Satellite Imagery:** [Esri World Imagery](https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=10df2279f9684e4a9f6a7f08febac2a9)

    **Labels & Borders:** [CartoDB Basemaps](https://carto.com/basemaps/) © OpenStreetMap contributors
    """)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    demo.launch()