app/src/content/embeds/d3-equation-editor.html

<div class="d3-equation-editor"></div>
<style>
    .d3-equation-editor {
        position: relative;
        font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'SF Pro Display', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;
    }

    .d3-equation-editor .chart-card {
        background: var(--surface-bg);
        border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
        border-radius: 10px;
        padding: 8px;
    }


    .d3-equation-editor .chart-header {
        display: flex;
        align-items: flex-start;
        justify-content: flex-start;
        gap: 24px;
        margin: 16px 0 0 0;
        flex-wrap: wrap;
    }

    .d3-equation-editor .controls {
        display: flex;
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 24px;
        align-items: flex-start;
        justify-content: flex-start;
        width: 100%;
    }

    .d3-equation-editor .controls .control-group {
        display: flex;
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
        gap: 8px;
    }

    .d3-equation-editor .controls .control-group.equation-group {
        width: 100%;
    }

    .d3-equation-editor .controls .input-row {
        display: flex;
        gap: 24px;
        align-items: flex-start;
        justify-content: flex-start;
        flex-wrap: wrap;
        width: 100%;
    }

    .d3-equation-editor .controls .input-row .control-group.equation-group {
        flex: 1;
        min-width: 300px;
    }

    .d3-equation-editor .controls .control-group.domain-group {
        flex: 0 0 240px;
    }

    .d3-equation-editor .controls label {
        font-size: 13px;
        color: var(--text-color);
        font-weight: 600;
        letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    }

    .d3-equation-editor .controls input[type="text"] {
        font-size: 17px;
        font-weight: 400;
        padding: 14px 18px;
        border: 1.5px solid var(--primary-color);
        border-radius: var(--button-radius);
        background-color: var(--surface-bg);
        color: var(--text-color);
        cursor: text;
        transition: all .2s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.46, 0.45, 0.94);
        width: 100%;
        font-family: 'SF Mono', 'Monaco', 'Menlo', 'Consolas', monospace;
        line-height: 1.2;
    }

    [data-theme="dark"] .d3-equation-editor .controls input[type="text"] {
        border: 1.5px solid var(--primary-color);
    }


    .d3-equation-editor .controls input[type="text"]:hover {
        border-color: rgba(0, 123, 255, 0.3);
    }

    .d3-equation-editor .controls input[type="text"]:focus {
        border-color: rgba(0, 123, 255, 0.6);
        box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(0, 123, 255, 0.1);
        outline: none;
    }

    [data-theme="dark"] .d3-equation-editor .controls input[type="text"]:hover {
        border-color: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.4);
    }

    [data-theme="dark"] .d3-equation-editor .controls input[type="text"]:focus {
        border-color: rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.7);
        box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(10, 132, 255, 0.15);
    }

    .d3-equation-editor .controls input[type="range"] {
        -webkit-appearance: none;
        appearance: none;
        height: 6px;
        border-radius: 3px;
        background: var(--border-color);
        outline: none;
        cursor: pointer;
        width: 100%;
        transition: background 0.2s ease;
    }

    .d3-equation-editor .controls input[type="range"]:hover {
        background: var(--muted-color);
    }

    .d3-equation-editor .controls input[type="range"]::-webkit-slider-thumb {
        -webkit-appearance: none;
        appearance: none;
        width: 18px;
        height: 18px;
        border-radius: 50%;
        background: var(--primary-color);
        cursor: pointer;
        border: 2px solid var(--page-bg);
        box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
        transition: all 0.2s ease;
    }

    .d3-equation-editor .controls input[type="range"]::-webkit-slider-thumb:hover {
        background: var(--primary-color-hover);
        transform: scale(1.1);
    }

    .d3-equation-editor .controls input[type="range"]::-moz-range-thumb {
        width: 18px;
        height: 18px;
        border-radius: 50%;
        background: var(--primary-color);
        cursor: pointer;
        border: 2px solid var(--page-bg);
        box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
        transition: all 0.2s ease;
    }

    .d3-equation-editor .controls input[type="range"]::-moz-range-thumb:hover {
        background: var(--primary-color-hover);
        transform: scale(1.1);
    }

    .d3-equation-editor .legend-bottom {
        display: flex;
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
        gap: 6px;
        font-size: 12px;
        color: var(--text-color);
    }

    .d3-equation-editor .legend-bottom .legend-title {
        font-size: 12px;
        font-weight: 700;
        color: var(--text-color);
    }

    .d3-equation-editor .legend-bottom .items {
        display: flex;
        flex-wrap: wrap;
        gap: 8px 14px;
    }

    .d3-equation-editor .legend-bottom .item {
        display: inline-flex;
        align-items: center;
        gap: 6px;
        white-space: nowrap;
    }

    .d3-equation-editor .legend-bottom .swatch {
        width: 14px;
        height: 14px;
        border-radius: 3px;
        border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
        display: inline-block;
    }

    .d3-equation-editor .axis-label {
        fill: var(--text-color);
        font-size: 12px;
        font-weight: 700;
    }

    .d3-equation-editor .axes path,
    .d3-equation-editor .axes line {
        stroke: var(--axis-color);
    }

    .d3-equation-editor .axes text {
        fill: var(--tick-color);
    }

    .d3-equation-editor .grid line {
        stroke: var(--grid-color);
        stroke-width: 1;
        shape-rendering: crispEdges;
    }

    .d3-equation-editor .function-curve {
        fill: none;
        stroke-width: 2.5;
        stroke-linejoin: round;
        stroke-linecap: round;
    }

    .d3-equation-editor .d3-tooltip {
        z-index: var(--z-tooltip);
        backdrop-filter: saturate(1.12) blur(8px);
    }

    .d3-equation-editor .error-message {
        color: var(--danger, #b00020);
        font-size: 11px;
        margin-top: 4px;
        font-style: italic;
    }

    .d3-equation-editor .examples {
        width: 100%;
    }

    .d3-equation-editor .examples .button {
        margin: 0 10px 10px 0;
    }
</style>
<script>
    (() => {
        const ensureD3 = (cb) => {
            if (window.d3 && typeof window.d3.select === 'function') return cb();
            let s = document.getElementById('d3-cdn-script');
            if (!s) {
                s = document.createElement('script');
                s.id = 'd3-cdn-script';
                s.src = 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/d3@7/dist/d3.min.js';
                document.head.appendChild(s);
            }
            const onReady = () => {
                if (window.d3 && typeof window.d3.select === 'function') cb();
            };
            s.addEventListener('load', onReady, { once: true });
            if (window.d3) onReady();
        };

        const bootstrap = () => {
            const scriptEl = document.currentScript;
            let container = scriptEl ? scriptEl.previousElementSibling : null;
            if (!(container && container.classList && container.classList.contains('d3-equation-editor'))) {
                const candidates = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('.d3-equation-editor'))
                    .filter(el => !(el.dataset && el.dataset.mounted === 'true'));
                container = candidates[candidates.length - 1] || null;
            }
            if (!container) return;
            if (container.dataset) {
                if (container.dataset.mounted === 'true') return;
                container.dataset.mounted = 'true';
            }

            // Controls
            const controls = document.createElement('div');
            controls.className = 'controls';

            // Input row (equation + domain)
            const inputRow = document.createElement('div');
            inputRow.className = 'input-row';

            // Equation input
            const groupEquation = document.createElement('div');
            groupEquation.className = 'control-group equation-group';
            const labelEquation = document.createElement('label');
            labelEquation.textContent = 'Equation f(x) =';
            const inputEquation = document.createElement('input');
            inputEquation.type = 'text';
            inputEquation.value = 'sin(x) * exp(-x^2/8) + 0.3*sin(3*x)';
            inputEquation.placeholder = 'e.g., sin(x)*exp(-x^2/8), x^3 - 3*x, sin(x) + cos(2*x)';
            groupEquation.appendChild(labelEquation);
            groupEquation.appendChild(inputEquation);

            // Domain range
            const groupRange = document.createElement('div');
            groupRange.className = 'control-group domain-group';
            const labelRange = document.createElement('label');
            labelRange.textContent = 'Domain';
            const inputRange = document.createElement('input');
            inputRange.type = 'range';
            inputRange.min = '1';
            inputRange.max = '10';
            inputRange.step = '0.5';
            inputRange.value = '4';
            const rangeValue = document.createElement('span');
            rangeValue.style.fontSize = '13px';
            rangeValue.style.color = 'var(--muted-color)';
            rangeValue.style.fontWeight = '500';
            rangeValue.style.marginTop = '4px';
            rangeValue.textContent = '[-4π, 4π]';
            groupRange.appendChild(labelRange);
            groupRange.appendChild(inputRange);
            groupRange.appendChild(rangeValue);

            inputRow.appendChild(groupEquation);
            inputRow.appendChild(groupRange);

            // Examples (more focused and pertinent)
            const examples = document.createElement('div');
            examples.className = 'examples';
            const exampleFunctions = [
                'sin(x) * exp(-x^2/8)',
                'sin(x) + 0.5*cos(2*x)',
                'x^3 - 3*x',
                'sin(x) * exp(-x^2/8) + 0.3*sin(3*x)',
                'exp(-x^2/2) * cos(4*x)',
                'sin(x) + sin(3*x)/3 + sin(5*x)/5'
            ];
            exampleFunctions.forEach(func => {
                const btn = document.createElement('button');
                btn.className = 'button button--ghost';
                btn.textContent = func;
                btn.addEventListener('click', () => {
                    inputEquation.value = func;
                    updatePlot();
                });
                examples.appendChild(btn);
            });

            controls.appendChild(inputRow);
            controls.appendChild(examples);

            // Error message
            const errorMsg = document.createElement('div');
            errorMsg.className = 'error-message';
            errorMsg.style.display = 'none';

            // Header (controls only) to be placed after chart
            const header = document.createElement('div');
            header.className = 'chart-header';
            header.appendChild(controls);

            // SVG scaffolding inside a card wrapper
            const card = document.createElement('div');
            card.className = 'chart-card';
            container.appendChild(card);
            container.appendChild(header);
            container.appendChild(errorMsg);

            const svg = d3.select(card).append('svg').attr('width', '100%').style('display', 'block');
            const gRoot = svg.append('g');
            const gGrid = gRoot.append('g').attr('class', 'grid');
            const gAxes = gRoot.append('g').attr('class', 'axes');
            const gCurve = gRoot.append('g').attr('class', 'curve');

            // Tooltip
            container.style.position = container.style.position || 'relative';
            let tip = container.querySelector('.d3-tooltip');
            let tipInner;
            if (!tip) {
                tip = document.createElement('div');
                tip.className = 'd3-tooltip';
                Object.assign(tip.style, {
                    position: 'absolute',
                    top: '0px',
                    left: '0px',
                    transform: 'translate(-9999px, -9999px)',
                    pointerEvents: 'none',
                    padding: '8px 10px',
                    borderRadius: 'var(--button-radius)',
                    fontSize: '12px',
                    lineHeight: '1.35',
                    border: '1px solid var(--border-color)',
                    background: 'var(--surface-bg)',
                    color: 'var(--text-color)',
                    boxShadow: '0 4px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.18)',
                    opacity: '0',
                    transition: 'opacity .12s ease'
                });
                tipInner = document.createElement('div');
                tipInner.className = 'd3-tooltip__inner';
                tipInner.style.textAlign = 'left';
                tip.appendChild(tipInner);
                container.appendChild(tip);
            } else {
                tipInner = tip.querySelector('.d3-tooltip__inner') || tip;
            }

            // State
            let width = 800, height = 480;
            const margin = { top: 16, right: 32, bottom: 44, left: 56 };
            const xScale = d3.scaleLinear();
            const yScale = d3.scaleLinear();
            const line = d3.line()
                .x(d => xScale(d.x))
                .y(d => yScale(d.y))
                .curve(d3.curveCardinal);

            // Math parser - improved to handle complex expressions and exponents correctly
            function safeEval(expr, x) {
                try {
                    // First, replace x with the actual value in parentheses for safety
                    let cleanExpr = expr.replace(/\bx\b/g, `(${x})`);

                    // Replace math functions and constants
                    cleanExpr = cleanExpr
                        .replace(/\bsin\b/g, 'Math.sin')
                        .replace(/\bcos\b/g, 'Math.cos')
                        .replace(/\btan\b/g, 'Math.tan')
                        .replace(/\bexp\b/g, 'Math.exp')
                        .replace(/\blog\b/g, 'Math.log')
                        .replace(/\babs\b/g, 'Math.abs')
                        .replace(/\bsqrt\b/g, 'Math.sqrt')
                        .replace(/\bpi\b/g, 'Math.PI')
                        .replace(/\be\b/g, 'Math.E');

                    // Handle exponents more carefully - need to preserve operator precedence
                    // Convert x^n to Math.pow(x, n) for proper precedence
                    cleanExpr = cleanExpr.replace(/([^*+\-\/\s]+)\^([^*+\-\/\s]+)/g, 'Math.pow($1, $2)');

                    // Handle remaining ^ operators (fallback to **)
                    cleanExpr = cleanExpr.replace(/\^/g, '**');

                    // Handle implicit multiplication (e.g., 2x -> 2*x, sin(x)cos(x) -> sin(x)*cos(x))
                    cleanExpr = cleanExpr
                        .replace(/(\d)(\()/g, '$1*$2')  // 2( -> 2*(
                        .replace(/(\))(\()/g, '$1*$2')  // )( -> )*(
                        .replace(/(\))(\d)/g, '$1*$2')  // )2 -> )*2
                        .replace(/(\d)([a-zA-Z])/g, '$1*$2');  // 2x -> 2*x

                    // Security check: only allow safe mathematical operations
                    const safePattern = /^[0-9+\-*/.()Math\w\s,]*$/;
                    const withoutMath = cleanExpr.replace(/Math\.\w+/g, '');
                    if (!safePattern.test(withoutMath)) {
                        throw new Error('Invalid expression');
                    }

                    const result = eval(cleanExpr);
                    return isFinite(result) ? result : NaN;
                } catch (e) {
                    return NaN;
                }
            }

            function getColor() {
                try {
                    if (window.ColorPalettes && typeof window.ColorPalettes.getColors === 'function') {
                        return window.ColorPalettes.getColors('categorical', 1)[0];
                    }
                } catch (_) { }
                return getComputedStyle(document.documentElement).getPropertyValue('--primary-color').trim() || '#4e79a7';
            }

            function updateScales() {
                width = container.clientWidth || 800;
                height = Math.max(280, Math.round(width / 3));
                svg.attr('width', width).attr('height', height);
                const innerWidth = width - margin.left - margin.right;
                const innerHeight = height - margin.top - margin.bottom;
                gRoot.attr('transform', `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`);

                const domainSize = parseFloat(inputRange.value);
                const xDomain = [-domainSize * Math.PI, domainSize * Math.PI];
                xScale.domain(xDomain).range([0, innerWidth]);

                // Calculate y domain based on current function
                const equation = inputEquation.value.trim();
                if (equation) {
                    const testPoints = d3.range(xDomain[0], xDomain[1], (xDomain[1] - xDomain[0]) / 100);
                    const yValues = testPoints.map(x => safeEval(equation, x)).filter(y => !isNaN(y) && isFinite(y));
                    if (yValues.length > 0) {
                        const yExtent = d3.extent(yValues);
                        const yPadding = (yExtent[1] - yExtent[0]) * 0.1 || 1;
                        yScale.domain([yExtent[0] - yPadding, yExtent[1] + yPadding]).range([innerHeight, 0]);
                    } else {
                        yScale.domain([-2, 2]).range([innerHeight, 0]);
                    }
                } else {
                    yScale.domain([-2, 2]).range([innerHeight, 0]);
                }

                // Grid
                gGrid.selectAll('*').remove();
                gGrid.selectAll('line.grid-x').data(xScale.ticks(8)).join('line')
                    .attr('class', 'grid-x')
                    .attr('x1', d => xScale(d)).attr('x2', d => xScale(d))
                    .attr('y1', 0).attr('y2', innerHeight)
                    .attr('stroke', 'var(--grid-color)')
                    .attr('stroke-width', 1)
                    .attr('shape-rendering', 'crispEdges');

                gGrid.selectAll('line.grid-y').data(yScale.ticks(6)).join('line')
                    .attr('class', 'grid-y')
                    .attr('x1', 0).attr('x2', innerWidth)
                    .attr('y1', d => yScale(d)).attr('y2', d => yScale(d))
                    .attr('stroke', 'var(--grid-color)')
                    .attr('stroke-width', 1)
                    .attr('shape-rendering', 'crispEdges');

                // Axes
                gAxes.selectAll('*').remove();
                gAxes.append('g')
                    .attr('transform', `translate(0,${innerHeight})`)
                    .call(d3.axisBottom(xScale).ticks(8).tickFormat(d => {
                        const val = d / Math.PI;
                        if (Math.abs(val) < 0.01) return '0';
                        if (Math.abs(val - 1) < 0.01) return 'π';
                        if (Math.abs(val + 1) < 0.01) return '-π';
                        if (Math.abs(val - 0.5) < 0.01) return 'π/2';
                        if (Math.abs(val + 0.5) < 0.01) return '-π/2';
                        if (Math.abs(val % 1) < 0.01) return `${Math.round(val)}π`;
                        return d3.format('.1f')(val) + 'π';
                    }))
                    .call(g => {
                        g.selectAll('path, line').attr('stroke', 'var(--axis-color)');
                        g.selectAll('text').attr('fill', 'var(--tick-color)');
                    });

                gAxes.append('g')
                    .call(d3.axisLeft(yScale).ticks(6))
                    .call(g => {
                        g.selectAll('path, line').attr('stroke', 'var(--axis-color)');
                        g.selectAll('text').attr('fill', 'var(--tick-color)');
                    });

                // Axis labels
                gAxes.append('text')
                    .attr('class', 'axis-label axis-label--x')
                    .attr('x', innerWidth / 2)
                    .attr('y', innerHeight + 44)
                    .attr('text-anchor', 'middle')
                    .text('x');

                gAxes.append('text')
                    .attr('class', 'axis-label axis-label--y')
                    .attr('text-anchor', 'middle')
                    .attr('transform', `translate(${-44},${innerHeight / 2}) rotate(-90)`)
                    .text('f(x)');

                return { innerWidth, innerHeight };
            }

            function updatePlot() {
                errorMsg.style.display = 'none';
                const equation = inputEquation.value.trim();

                if (!equation) {
                    gCurve.selectAll('*').remove();
                    return;
                }

                updateScales();

                // Generate data points
                const domainSize = parseFloat(inputRange.value);
                const xDomain = [-domainSize * Math.PI, domainSize * Math.PI];
                const numPoints = Math.max(200, Math.min(1000, Math.round((xDomain[1] - xDomain[0]) * 50)));
                const data = [];
                let hasValidPoints = false;
                let errorCount = 0;

                for (let i = 0; i <= numPoints; i++) {
                    const x = xDomain[0] + (i / numPoints) * (xDomain[1] - xDomain[0]);
                    const y = safeEval(equation, x);

                    if (!isNaN(y) && isFinite(y)) {
                        data.push({ x, y });
                        hasValidPoints = true;
                    } else {
                        errorCount++;
                    }
                }

                if (!hasValidPoints) {
                    errorMsg.textContent = `Error: unable to evaluate equation "${equation}"`;
                    errorMsg.style.display = 'block';
                    gCurve.selectAll('*').remove();
                    return;
                }

                if (errorCount > numPoints * 0.5) {
                    errorMsg.textContent = `Warning: ${errorCount} invalid points out of ${numPoints}`;
                    errorMsg.style.display = 'block';
                }

                // Draw the curve
                const color = getColor();
                const path = gCurve.selectAll('path.function-curve').data([data]);

                path.enter()
                    .append('path')
                    .attr('class', 'function-curve')
                    .attr('stroke', color)
                    .merge(path)
                    .transition()
                    .duration(150)
                    .attr('d', line)
                    .attr('stroke', color);

                path.exit().remove();

                // Hover interaction
                const overlay = gCurve.selectAll('rect.overlay').data([0]);
                const { innerWidth, innerHeight } = updateScales();

                overlay.enter()
                    .append('rect')
                    .attr('class', 'overlay')
                    .attr('fill', 'transparent')
                    .style('cursor', 'crosshair')
                    .merge(overlay)
                    .attr('width', innerWidth)
                    .attr('height', innerHeight)
                    .on('mousemove', function (event) {
                        const [mx] = d3.pointer(event, this);
                        const x = xScale.invert(mx);
                        const y = safeEval(equation, x);

                        if (!isNaN(y) && isFinite(y)) {
                            tipInner.innerHTML = `
                <div><strong>f(${x.toFixed(3)}) = ${y.toFixed(3)}</strong></div>
                <div style="font-size:11px;color:var(--muted-color);margin-top:2px;">${equation}</div>
              `;
                            tip.style.opacity = '1';
                            const tx = Math.max(0, Math.min(mx + margin.left + 12, (container.clientWidth || 0) - (tip.offsetWidth + 6)));
                            const ty = Math.max(0, Math.min(yScale(y) + margin.top + 12, (container.clientHeight || 0) - (tip.offsetHeight + 6)));
                            tip.style.transform = `translate(${Math.round(tx)}px, ${Math.round(ty)}px)`;
                        }
                    })
                    .on('mouseleave', function () {
                        tip.style.opacity = '0';
                        tip.style.transform = 'translate(-9999px, -9999px)';
                    });
            }


            // Event listeners
            inputEquation.addEventListener('input', updatePlot);
            inputRange.addEventListener('input', () => {
                const val = parseFloat(inputRange.value);
                rangeValue.textContent = `[-${val}π, ${val}π]`;
                updatePlot();
            });

            // Initial setup (already done above)

            // Initial render
            updatePlot();

            // Resize handling
            const rerender = () => updatePlot();
            if (window.ResizeObserver) {
                const ro = new ResizeObserver(() => rerender());
                ro.observe(container);
            } else {
                window.addEventListener('resize', rerender);
            }
        };

        if (document.readyState === 'loading') {
            document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => ensureD3(bootstrap), { once: true });
        } else {
            ensureD3(bootstrap);
        }
    })();
</script>