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import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from typing import Tuple, Optional


def bernstein_matrix(n_samples: int, n_ctrl_pts: int, device):
    t = torch.linspace(0, 1, n_samples, device=device, dtype=torch.float32)
    if n_ctrl_pts == 4:
        B = torch.stack([
            (1 - t) ** 3,
            3 * t * (1 - t) ** 2,
            3 * t ** 2 * (1 - t),
            t ** 3
        ], dim=1)
    else:
        raise NotImplementedError
    return B


@torch.compile
def render_patch(grid_patch, pts, sigma_s, alpha_s, sharpness):
    d2 = ((grid_patch.unsqueeze(-2) - pts)**2).sum(-1)
    gauss = torch.exp(-0.5 * sharpness * d2 / (sigma_s**2 + 1e-12))
    density = (alpha_s * gauss).sum(-1)
    patch_alpha = (1.0 - torch.exp(-density.clamp(min=1e-12))) ** sharpness
    return patch_alpha


class StrokeRenderer(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, canvas_size: Tuple[int, int], device, n_ctrl_pts: int, padding_k=3.0,

                 n_samples: int = 36, sharpness=2):
        super().__init__()
        self.H, self.W = canvas_size
        self.n_ctrl_pts = n_ctrl_pts
        self.padding_k = padding_k
        self.n_samples = n_samples
        self.sharpness = sharpness

        # Precompute normalized canvas grid
        yy, xx = torch.meshgrid(
            torch.linspace(0, 1, self.H, device=device),
            torch.linspace(0, 1, self.W, device=device),
            indexing='ij'
        )

        self.grid_norm: torch.Tensor
        self.register_buffer('grid_norm', torch.stack(
            [xx, yy], dim=-1))  # (H,W,2)

        self.t_64: torch.Tensor
        self.register_buffer('t_64', torch.linspace(
            0, 1, n_samples, device=device))

        self.bernstein: torch.Tensor
        self.register_buffer('bernstein', bernstein_matrix(
            self.n_samples, n_ctrl_pts, device=device))

    def forward(self, strokes: torch.Tensor,

                prev_canvas: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,

                return_step_canvases: bool = False):
        """

        strokes: (B, S, n_ctrl_pts*2 + 7)

        Returns: dict with end_canvas (B,3,H,W) and step_canvas (B,S,3,H,W)

        """
        B, S, _ = strokes.shape

        device = strokes.device

        # Parse stroke parameters
        ctrl_pts = strokes[..., :2 *
                           self.n_ctrl_pts].view(B*S, self.n_ctrl_pts, 2)
        w_start = strokes[..., 2*self.n_ctrl_pts].view(B*S)
        w_end = strokes[..., 2*self.n_ctrl_pts+1].view(B*S)
        op_start = strokes[..., 2*self.n_ctrl_pts+2].view(B*S)
        op_end = strokes[..., 2*self.n_ctrl_pts+3].view(B*S)
        color = strokes[..., 2*self.n_ctrl_pts+4:].view(B*S, 3)

        if prev_canvas is None:
            prev_canvas = torch.zeros((B, 3, self.H, self.W),
                                      device=device, dtype=strokes.dtype)
        else:
            prev_canvas = prev_canvas.to(device=device, dtype=strokes.dtype)

        # Initialize canvas
        canvas = torch.zeros((B, 4, self.H, self.W),
                             device=device, dtype=strokes.dtype)

        # Step canvas storage
        if return_step_canvases:
            cumulative_rgb = prev_canvas.clone()
            cumulative_alpha = torch.zeros(
                (B, 1, self.H, self.W), device=device, dtype=strokes.dtype)
            step_canvas = torch.zeros(
                B, S, 3, self.H, self.W, device=device, dtype=strokes.dtype)
        else:
            cumulative_rgb = None
            cumulative_alpha = None
            step_canvas = None

        for idx in range(B*S):

            pts = torch.matmul(self.bernstein, ctrl_pts[idx])   # (n_samples,2)

            alpha_s = (op_start[idx] * (1 - self.t_64) +
                       op_end[idx] * self.t_64)  # (n_samples,)
            sigma_s = (w_start[idx] * (1 - self.t_64) +
                       w_end[idx] * self.t_64) / 2.8
            sigma_s = sigma_s.clamp(min=1e-4)
            col = color[idx]  # (3,)

            min_xy = pts.min(dim=0).values
            max_xy = pts.max(dim=0).values

            pad = self.padding_k * sigma_s.max()
            bbox_min = (min_xy - pad).clamp(0, 1)
            bbox_max = (max_xy + pad).clamp(0, 1)
            x0 = max(0, int(torch.floor(bbox_min[0] * (self.W - 1)).item()))
            y0 = max(0, int(torch.floor(bbox_min[1] * (self.H - 1)).item()))
            x1 = min(
                self.W-1, int(torch.ceil(bbox_max[0] * (self.W - 1)).item()))
            y1 = min(
                self.H-1, int(torch.ceil(bbox_max[1] * (self.H - 1)).item()))
            if x1 < x0 or y1 < y0:
                continue

            # Patch grid from registered buffer
            grid_patch = self.grid_norm[y0:y1+1, x0:x1+1]  # (h, w, 2)

            patch_alpha = render_patch(
                grid_patch, pts, sigma_s, alpha_s, self.sharpness)
            patch_rgb = col.view(3, 1, 1) * \
                patch_alpha.unsqueeze(0)  # (3,h,w)

            # Clone the canvas patch to avoid in-place issues
            canvas_rgb = canvas[idx//S, :3, y0:y1+1, x0:x1+1].clone()
            canvas_alpha = canvas[idx//S, 3, y0:y1+1, x0:x1+1].clone()

            # Composite: src over dst
            inv_patch_alpha = (1.0 - patch_alpha).unsqueeze(0)  # (1,h,w)
            new_rgb = patch_rgb + canvas_rgb * inv_patch_alpha    # (3,h,w)
            new_alpha = patch_alpha + canvas_alpha * \
                (1.0 - patch_alpha)  # (h,w)

            # assign back to canvas
            canvas[idx//S, :3, y0:y1+1, x0:x1+1] = new_rgb
            canvas[idx//S, 3, y0:y1+1, x0:x1+1] = new_alpha

            if return_step_canvases and step_canvas is not None and cumulative_rgb is not None and cumulative_alpha is not None:
                batch_idx = idx // S
                step_idx = idx % S
                x_slice = slice(x0, x1+1)
                y_slice = slice(y0, y1+1)

                # Update cumulative canvas
                cumulative_rgb[batch_idx, :, y_slice, x_slice] = (
                    patch_rgb +
                    cumulative_rgb[batch_idx, :, y_slice,
                                   x_slice] * (1 - patch_alpha.unsqueeze(0))
                )
                cumulative_alpha[batch_idx, :, y_slice, x_slice] = (
                    patch_alpha.unsqueeze(
                        0) + cumulative_alpha[batch_idx, :, y_slice, x_slice] * (1 - patch_alpha.unsqueeze(0))
                )

                step_canvas[batch_idx,
                            step_idx] = cumulative_rgb[batch_idx].detach()

        rgb = canvas[:, :3, ...]
        alpha = canvas[:, 3:, ...].clamp(0, 1)

        new_canvas = rgb + prev_canvas*(1-alpha)
        new_canvas = new_canvas.clamp(0, 1)


        return {'end_canvas': new_canvas, 'step_canvases': step_canvas if return_step_canvases is True else None}