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"""Trainer-side rollout helpers for driving environments with a harness loop.
This module hosts the whole-rollout API: a harness drives an entire episode in
one ``run_white_box``/``run_black_box`` call against a [`~openenv.core.harness.rollout.ResourceSession`].
It complements the turn-based agentic harness layer (RFC 005) defined in the
sibling modules of ``openenv.core.harness``. Import these names from
``openenv.core.harness``.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import json
import math
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from typing import (
Any,
Callable,
Generic,
Protocol,
runtime_checkable,
TypedDict,
TypeVar,
)
from ..client_types import StepResult
from ..env_server.mcp_types import JsonRpcErrorCode, JsonRpcResponse, Tool
from ..env_server.types import State
from ..llm_client import LLMResponse
from .training import TrainingTrace
Message = dict[str, Any]
RESERVED_TOOL_NAMES = frozenset({"reset", "step", "state", "close"})
@dataclass
class ToolResult:
"""Normalized result from a resource session tool invocation."""
data: Any = None
done: bool = False
metadata: dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
error: str | None = None
@dataclass
class VerifyResult:
"""Final rollout data produced after a rollout completes.
``env_reward`` must forward reward already produced inside the environment.
It must not synthesize a new reward in the orchestration layer.
"""
env_reward: float | None = None
done: bool = False
metrics: dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
artifacts: dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
@dataclass
class RolloutEvent:
"""Event emitted while a harness drives a rollout."""
type: str
payload: dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
@dataclass
class ToolTraceEntry:
"""Record of a tool call issued by the harness."""
tool_name: str
arguments: dict[str, Any]
result: ToolResult
@dataclass
class ModelStepResult:
"""Structured output from one white-box model sampling step."""
response: LLMResponse
prompt_ids: list[int] = field(default_factory=list)
completion_ids: list[int] = field(default_factory=list)
logprobs: list[float] = field(default_factory=list)
@dataclass
class HarnessRolloutResult:
"""Complete result of a harness-driven rollout."""
messages: list[Message] = field(default_factory=list)
tool_trace: list[ToolTraceEntry] = field(default_factory=list)
events: list[RolloutEvent] = field(default_factory=list)
done: bool = False
metrics: dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
prompt_ids: list[int] = field(default_factory=list)
completion_ids: list[int] = field(default_factory=list)
logprobs: list[float] = field(default_factory=list)
@dataclass
class HarnessRunLimits:
"""Execution limits for harness-driven rollouts."""
max_turns: int = 10
max_tool_calls_per_turn: int | None = None
max_total_tool_calls: int | None = None
sampling: dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
class ModelStep(Protocol):
"""Callable used by white-box harnesses to sample the next model turn."""
def __call__(
self,
messages: list[Message],
tools: list[Tool],
sampling: dict[str, Any],
) -> ModelStepResult: ...
class TraceEntry(TypedDict, total=False):
"""One captured model call from a loop-owning rollout: the request, the reply, and the tokens.
Defined HERE, not in the trainer. A loop-owning harness (the agent runs its own tool loop and
we read back what it did) is an OpenEnv concern, and OpenEnv is what produces this record --
`core.harness.capture.contract.to_trace_entries` emits exactly these keys. TRL carried a local
copy with a `TODO(@openenv)` asking for this, which left the trainer owning the schema for a
shape it neither produces nor can validate; the two could drift and nothing would notice until
the token fields came back empty.
`completion_token_ids` and `per_token_logps` must be equal length when both are present: they
are the sampled ids and their generator logprobs, in order. `completion_tokens` is a fallback
for engines that return token STRINGS (`"token_id:{id}"`) rather than ids.
`prompt_token_ids` IS THE POINT OF THIS RECORD. It is the engine's own tokenization of
everything the model saw before it generated, and a consumer that has it MUST NOT re-derive the
prompt. This field did not exist until 2026-09; the docstring here used to say there was
"deliberately no prompt field" and that consumers should re-derive from `request`. That
instruction was wrong, and it was expensive:
* a local re-render with `apply_chat_template` matched the engine on 0 of 28 measured turns on
Qwen3.5-4B -- off by two tokens at the generation boundary, every turn;
* Qwen3.5-4B and -2B ship INVERTED `enable_thinking` defaults, so the same re-render matched
the engine for one and diverged for the other: 100% of turn transitions forked,
drift_tokens_mean 189 against 2.2, KL 0.067 against 0.016;
* training on those misaligned positions collapsed a run permanently at its FIRST weight
update, the model emitting `<|im_start|>bash` where `<function=bash>` belongs.
Both producers already held these ids and dropped them here: capture has `node.prompt_ids`,
harbor has `HarborTurn.prompt_token_ids`. `to_turn_records` kept them but had no HTTP endpoint,
so no remote consumer could reach it.
`loss_mask` marks which positions are trainable (1) versus context (0), covering the whole
sequence `prompt_token_ids + completion_token_ids`. Without it a consumer has to guess which
calls were real agent turns and which were framework bookkeeping -- a heuristic where the
producer has structural knowledge. It also carries the case where a turn's logprobs were
rejected on ingest: the tokens stay as context and the mask goes to 0, which a consumer cannot
infer and would otherwise train against a logprob of 0.0, i.e. p=1.0.
`reward` is a MIRROR of what `verify()` already returned, present so a persisted trace is
self-describing. `verify()` remains the source of truth. `None` means UNSCORED and must never be
coerced to 0.0: a rollout that failed to grade is excluded from the group baseline, not punished.
Only an ENVIRONMENT can set `reward`. A capture proxy sees model calls, not task outcomes, so
`openenv.core.harness.capture.to_trace_entries` omits the key entirely rather than guessing. This
is a `total=False` TypedDict and every key is optional for exactly that reason: read `reward` with
`.get()`, because indexing it raises on any entry a proxy produced.
"""
request: dict[
str, Any
] # forwarded chat body: {"messages": [...], "tools": [...] | None}
response: dict[str, Any] # upstream reply: {"choices": [{"message": {...}, ...}]}
prompt_token_ids: list[
int
] # the ENGINE's tokenization of everything before this turn
completion_token_ids: list[int] # generated token ids for this turn
completion_tokens: list[str] # fallback token strings when ids are absent
per_token_logps: list[float] # generator logprobs, aligned with the ids above
loss_mask: list[int] # 1 = train this position, over prompt + completion
reward: float | None # mirror of verify(); None is UNSCORED, never 0.0
metadata: dict[str, Any] # task id, difficulty tier, harness, sandbox, session id
@runtime_checkable
class LoopOwningSession(Protocol):
"""What a session must offer BEYOND `ResourceSession` when the agent owns its own loop.
In the loop-owning path nothing calls `step()` per turn -- an external agent (opencode, codex,
claude-code, ...) drives itself to completion and the captured trace is read back afterwards.
So a factory used in that mode must return sessions that can be waited on and asked for their
trace. Neither method belongs on the base `ResourceSession`, which models the step-per-turn
contract.
`wait_for_completion` returns the agent's exit code. `fetch_proxy_trace` returns the captured
turns; where they come from is the session's business -- a file inside the sandbox, or an HTTP
call to a capture server that multiplexes many rollouts at once. That freedom is the point:
the consumer asks for `TraceEntry`s and does not learn how they were obtained.
`@runtime_checkable` so a factory can assert what it is about to return actually satisfies this
-- the alternative is discovering a missing `fetch_proxy_trace` several minutes into a paid
rollout. Note that only method PRESENCE is checked, never signatures, which is the right
strictness here: the two implementations legitimately differ in how they wait.
"""
def wait_for_completion(self, timeout_s: float | None = ...) -> int: ...
def fetch_proxy_trace(self) -> list[TraceEntry]: ...
@runtime_checkable
class TrainableSession(Protocol):
"""A loop-owning session that supplies validated, masked engine captures."""
def wait_for_completion(self, timeout_s: float | None = ...) -> int: ...
def fetch_training_trace(self) -> TrainingTrace: ...
class ResourceSession(ABC):
"""Per-rollout environment/resource session exposed to harnesses."""
@abstractmethod
def initial_messages(self) -> list[Message]:
"""Return initial prompt messages for the harness."""
@abstractmethod
def list_tools(self) -> list[Tool]:
"""Return the MCP-style tool manifest exposed by the session."""
@abstractmethod
def call_tool(self, name: str, arguments: dict[str, Any]) -> ToolResult:
"""Invoke a session tool."""
@abstractmethod
def verify(
self,
transcript: list[Message],
final_state: Any | None = None,
) -> VerifyResult:
"""Finalize a rollout after the harness has stopped.
This hook may add metrics or artifacts and may forward the final reward
already produced by the environment.
"""
@abstractmethod
def close(self) -> None:
"""Release session resources."""
SessionT = TypeVar("SessionT", bound=ResourceSession)
class ResourceSessionFactory(ABC, Generic[SessionT]):
"""Factory for producing isolated per-rollout sessions.
Generic over the concrete session type it creates, so a subclass such as
``OpenCodeSessionFactory(ResourceSessionFactory[OpenCodeSession])`` types
``create`` as returning ``OpenCodeSession``. Subclassing without a type
argument stays valid and behaves as before.
"""
@abstractmethod
def create(
self,
task: Any,
seed: int | None = None,
episode_id: str | None = None,
) -> SessionT:
"""Create one isolated resource session for a rollout."""
class HarnessAdapter(ABC):
"""Interface implemented by harness drivers."""
@abstractmethod
def run_white_box(
self,
model_step: ModelStep,
session: ResourceSession,
limits: HarnessRunLimits | None = None,
) -> HarnessRolloutResult:
"""Run a rollout while the trainer owns model sampling."""
@abstractmethod
def run_black_box(
self,
session: ResourceSession,
limits: HarnessRunLimits | None = None,
) -> HarnessRolloutResult:
"""Run a rollout with an opaque harness (evaluation-only path)."""
def _serialize_for_message(value: Any) -> str:
"""Convert structured tool data to a stable text payload."""
if value is None:
return ""
if isinstance(value, str):
return value
return json.dumps(value, sort_keys=True, default=str)
def _state_to_data(state: Any) -> Any:
"""Convert state objects to plain data for metrics and artifacts."""
if state is None:
return None
if hasattr(state, "model_dump"):
return state.model_dump()
return state
def _tool_result_reward(tool_result: ToolResult) -> float | None:
"""Extract the environment reward already emitted by a tool result."""
reward = tool_result.metadata.get("reward")
if reward is None and isinstance(tool_result.data, dict):
reward = tool_result.data.get("reward")
if reward is None:
return None
return float(reward)
def _resolve_env_reward(
rollout: HarnessRolloutResult,
verify: VerifyResult,
) -> float:
"""Resolve the final environment reward without allowing external synthesis."""
trace_reward: float | None = None
for entry in reversed(rollout.tool_trace):
trace_reward = _tool_result_reward(entry.result)
if trace_reward is not None:
break
verify_reward = None if verify.env_reward is None else float(verify.env_reward)
if (
trace_reward is not None
and verify_reward is not None
and not math.isclose(
verify_reward,
trace_reward,
rel_tol=1e-9,
abs_tol=1e-6,
)
):
raise ValueError(
"verify.env_reward must forward the environment reward from the rollout"
)
if trace_reward is not None:
return trace_reward
if verify_reward is not None:
return verify_reward
raise ValueError("rollout did not produce an environment reward")
class StepEnvSessionAdapter(ResourceSession):
"""Expose an existing step/reset/state client as a resource session."""
def __init__(
self,
client: Any,
*,
task: Any = None,
seed: int | None = None,
episode_id: str | None = None,
tool_specs: list[Tool],
action_builder: Callable[[str, dict[str, Any]], Any],
initial_messages_builder: Callable[[StepResult[Any], Any], list[Message]],
tool_result_builder: Callable[
[str, dict[str, Any], StepResult[Any], Any],
ToolResult,
]
| None = None,
verify_builder: Callable[
[list[Message], Any | None, StepResult[Any] | None, Any],
VerifyResult,
]
| None = None,
reset_kwargs: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
):
if hasattr(client, "sync") and callable(client.sync):
self._client = client.sync()
else:
self._client = client
self._task = task
self._tool_specs = list(tool_specs)
self._action_builder = action_builder
self._initial_messages_builder = initial_messages_builder
self._tool_result_builder = tool_result_builder or self._default_tool_result
self._verify_builder = verify_builder or self._default_verify
self._closed = False
self._tools_by_name = {tool.name: tool for tool in self._tool_specs}
reserved = sorted(set(self._tools_by_name) & RESERVED_TOOL_NAMES)
if reserved:
raise ValueError(
"Tool names are reserved for orchestration controls: "
+ ", ".join(reserved)
)
reset_payload = dict(reset_kwargs or {})
if seed is not None:
reset_payload.setdefault("seed", seed)
if episode_id is not None:
reset_payload.setdefault("episode_id", episode_id)
self._last_result: StepResult[Any] | None = None
self._last_state = None
try:
self._initial_result: StepResult[Any] = self._client.reset(**reset_payload)
self._last_state = self._read_state()
except Exception:
self.close()
raise
def _read_state(self) -> Any:
if hasattr(self._client, "state") and callable(self._client.state):
return self._client.state()
return None
def _default_tool_result(
self,
tool_name: str,
arguments: dict[str, Any],
result: StepResult[Any],
state: Any,
) -> ToolResult:
return ToolResult(
data={
"tool_name": tool_name,
"arguments": dict(arguments),
"observation": result.observation,
"reward": result.reward,
"done": result.done,
},
done=bool(result.done),
metadata={
"reward": result.reward,
"state": _state_to_data(state),
},
)
def _default_verify(
self,
transcript: list[Message],
final_state: Any | None,
last_result: StepResult[Any] | None,
state: Any,
) -> VerifyResult:
reward = None if last_result is None else last_result.reward
done = False if last_result is None else bool(last_result.done)
metrics = {}
if isinstance(state, State):
metrics["step_count"] = state.step_count
elif isinstance(state, dict) and "step_count" in state:
metrics["step_count"] = state["step_count"]
return VerifyResult(
env_reward=reward,
done=done,
metrics=metrics,
artifacts={
"final_state": _state_to_data(state),
"transcript_length": len(transcript),
},
)
def initial_messages(self) -> list[Message]:
return list(self._initial_messages_builder(self._initial_result, self._task))
def list_tools(self) -> list[Tool]:
return list(self._tool_specs)
def call_tool(self, name: str, arguments: dict[str, Any]) -> ToolResult:
if name in RESERVED_TOOL_NAMES:
raise KeyError(f"Reserved orchestration tool: {name}")
if name not in self._tools_by_name:
raise KeyError(f"Unknown tool: {name}")
action = self._action_builder(name, dict(arguments))
result = self._client.step(action)
state = self._read_state()
self._last_result = result
self._last_state = state
return self._tool_result_builder(name, dict(arguments), result, state)
def verify(
self,
transcript: list[Message],
final_state: Any | None = None,
) -> VerifyResult:
return self._verify_builder(
list(transcript),
final_state,
self._last_result,
self._last_state,
)
def close(self) -> None:
if self._closed:
return
self._closed = True
if hasattr(self._client, "close") and callable(self._client.close):
self._client.close()
class SessionMCPBridge:
"""Expose a resource session through an in-process MCP JSON-RPC bridge."""
def __init__(self, session: ResourceSession):
self.session = session
def handle_request(self, request: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
request_id = request.get("id")
method = request.get("method")
params = request.get("params", {}) or {}
if request.get("jsonrpc") != "2.0":
return JsonRpcResponse.error_response(
JsonRpcErrorCode.INVALID_REQUEST,
message="Invalid Request",
request_id=request_id,
).model_dump()
if method == "tools/list":
tools = [
{
"name": tool.name,
"description": tool.description,
"inputSchema": tool.input_schema,
}
for tool in self.session.list_tools()
]
return JsonRpcResponse.success(
{"tools": tools},
request_id=request_id,
).model_dump()
if method == "tools/call":
if "name" not in params:
return JsonRpcResponse.error_response(
JsonRpcErrorCode.INVALID_PARAMS,
message="Missing tool name",
request_id=request_id,
).model_dump()
tool_name = params["name"]
if tool_name in RESERVED_TOOL_NAMES:
return JsonRpcResponse.error_response(
JsonRpcErrorCode.INVALID_PARAMS,
message=f"Reserved orchestration tool: {tool_name}",
request_id=request_id,
).model_dump()
try:
result = self.session.call_tool(
tool_name,
dict(params.get("arguments", {})),
)
except KeyError as exc:
return JsonRpcResponse.error_response(
JsonRpcErrorCode.METHOD_NOT_FOUND,
message=str(exc.args[0]) if exc.args else "Method not found",
request_id=request_id,
).model_dump()
except ValueError as exc:
return JsonRpcResponse.error_response(
JsonRpcErrorCode.INVALID_PARAMS,
message=str(exc),
request_id=request_id,
).model_dump()
except Exception as exc:
return JsonRpcResponse.error_response(
JsonRpcErrorCode.INTERNAL_ERROR,
message=str(exc),
request_id=request_id,
).model_dump()
return JsonRpcResponse.success(
{
"data": result.data,
"done": result.done,
"metadata": dict(result.metadata),
"error": result.error,
},
request_id=request_id,
).model_dump()
return JsonRpcResponse.error_response(
JsonRpcErrorCode.METHOD_NOT_FOUND,
message="Method not found",
request_id=request_id,
).model_dump()
class MCPHarnessAdapter(HarnessAdapter):
"""White-box harness that follows an MCP tool-calling loop."""
def run_white_box(
self,
model_step: ModelStep,
session: ResourceSession,
limits: HarnessRunLimits | None = None,
) -> HarnessRolloutResult:
run_limits = limits or HarnessRunLimits()
messages = list(session.initial_messages())
tools = session.list_tools()
result = HarnessRolloutResult(messages=list(messages))
total_tool_calls = 0
for turn_index in range(run_limits.max_turns):
step_result = model_step(messages, tools, dict(run_limits.sampling))
assistant_message = step_result.response.to_message_dict()
messages.append(assistant_message)
result.prompt_ids.extend(step_result.prompt_ids)
result.completion_ids.extend(step_result.completion_ids)
result.logprobs.extend(step_result.logprobs)
result.events.append(
RolloutEvent(
type="model_response",
payload={
"turn": turn_index,
"content": step_result.response.content,
"tool_calls": [
{
"id": tool_call.id,
"name": tool_call.name,
"arguments": dict(tool_call.args),
}
for tool_call in step_result.response.tool_calls
],
},
)
)
if not step_result.response.tool_calls:
result.done = True
break
tool_calls = step_result.response.tool_calls
if run_limits.max_tool_calls_per_turn is not None:
tool_calls = tool_calls[: run_limits.max_tool_calls_per_turn]
for tool_call in tool_calls:
if (
run_limits.max_total_tool_calls is not None
and total_tool_calls >= run_limits.max_total_tool_calls
):
result.metrics["truncated"] = True
result.messages = list(messages)
return result
tool_result = session.call_tool(tool_call.name, dict(tool_call.args))
total_tool_calls += 1
trace_entry = ToolTraceEntry(
tool_name=tool_call.name,
arguments=dict(tool_call.args),
result=tool_result,
)
result.tool_trace.append(trace_entry)
result.events.append(
RolloutEvent(
type="tool_call",
payload={
"tool_name": tool_call.name,
"arguments": dict(tool_call.args),
"done": tool_result.done,
},
)
)
messages.append(
{
"role": "tool",
"tool_call_id": tool_call.id,
"name": tool_call.name,
"content": _serialize_for_message(tool_result.data),
}
)
if tool_result.done:
result.done = True
break
if result.done:
break
result.messages = list(messages)
result.metrics.setdefault(
"turns",
len([event for event in result.events if event.type == "model_response"]),
)
result.metrics.setdefault("tool_calls", len(result.tool_trace))
return result
def run_black_box(
self,
session: ResourceSession,
limits: HarnessRunLimits | None = None,
) -> HarnessRolloutResult:
raise NotImplementedError(
"MCPHarnessAdapter is a white-box harness. "
"Use CLIHarnessAdapter for opaque evaluation harnesses."
)
class CLIHarnessAdapter(HarnessAdapter):
"""Thin black-box adapter for opaque CLI-style harnesses."""
def __init__(
self,
runner: Callable[
[SessionMCPBridge, ResourceSession, HarnessRunLimits],
HarnessRolloutResult,
],
):
self._runner = runner
def run_white_box(
self,
model_step: ModelStep,
session: ResourceSession,
limits: HarnessRunLimits | None = None,
) -> HarnessRolloutResult:
raise NotImplementedError(
"CLIHarnessAdapter only supports black-box evaluation rollouts."
)
def run_black_box(
self,
session: ResourceSession,
limits: HarnessRunLimits | None = None,
) -> HarnessRolloutResult:
run_limits = limits or HarnessRunLimits()
bridge = SessionMCPBridge(session)
return self._runner(bridge, session, run_limits)
def build_harness_rollout_func(
*,
session_factory: Any,
harness_adapter: HarnessAdapter,
model_step_builder: Callable[[Any, ResourceSession], ModelStep],
limits: HarnessRunLimits | None = None,
reward_key: str = "env_reward",
) -> Callable[[list[Any], Any], dict[str, list[Any]]]:
"""Build a TRL-compatible rollout function from sessions and harnesses."""
def rollout_func(prompts: list[Any], trainer: Any) -> dict[str, list[Any]]:
all_prompt_ids: list[list[int]] = []
all_completion_ids: list[list[int]] = []
all_logprobs: list[list[float]] = []
rewards: list[float] = []
verify_metrics: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
for prompt in prompts:
session = session_factory.create(task=prompt)
try:
model_step = model_step_builder(trainer, session)
rollout = harness_adapter.run_white_box(
model_step=model_step,
session=session,
limits=limits,
)
verify = session.verify(
transcript=rollout.messages,
final_state={
"done": rollout.done,
"metrics": dict(rollout.metrics),
"events": [
{
"type": event.type,
"payload": dict(event.payload),
}
for event in rollout.events
],
"tool_trace": [
{
"tool_name": entry.tool_name,
"arguments": dict(entry.arguments),
"result": {
"data": entry.result.data,
"done": entry.result.done,
"metadata": dict(entry.result.metadata),
"error": entry.result.error,
},
}
for entry in rollout.tool_trace
],
},
)
all_prompt_ids.append(list(rollout.prompt_ids))
all_completion_ids.append(list(rollout.completion_ids))
all_logprobs.append(list(rollout.logprobs))
rewards.append(_resolve_env_reward(rollout, verify))
verify_metrics.append(dict(verify.metrics))
finally:
session.close()
return {
"prompt_ids": all_prompt_ids,
"completion_ids": all_completion_ids,
"logprobs": all_logprobs,
reward_key: rewards,
"verify_metrics": verify_metrics,
}
return rollout_func
__all__ = [
"CLIHarnessAdapter",
"HarnessAdapter",
"HarnessRolloutResult",
"HarnessRunLimits",
"LoopOwningSession",
"MCPHarnessAdapter",
"Message",
"ModelStep",
"ModelStepResult",
"RESERVED_TOOL_NAMES",
"ResourceSession",
"ResourceSessionFactory",
"RolloutEvent",
"SessionMCPBridge",
"StepEnvSessionAdapter",
"ToolResult",
"ToolTraceEntry",
"TraceEntry",
"TrainableSession",
"VerifyResult",
"build_harness_rollout_func",
]
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