pmid,title,abstract,journal,year,authors,doi,publication_types,matched_risk_factors,is_high_evidence,citation,url
40961593,Efficacy and safety of Tongmai Jiangtang Capsule in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with coronary heart disease with syndrome of damp - heat obstructing collaterals.,"To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tongmai Jiangtang Capsule (TJC) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease (T2DM-CHD) presenting with the damp-heat obstructing collaterals syndrome. This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolled 360 patients with T2DM-CHD from 12 centers. Participants were randomized 2:1 to receive TJC or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the proportion achieving ≥1-grade improvement in Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) angina classification. Secondary outcomes included Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) scores, TCM syndrome scores, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, lipid profiles, nitroglycerin usage, and treadmill test performance (subset). Safety was evaluated by laboratory tests, electrocardiogram (ECG), and adverse event monitoring. After 12 weeks, the response rate in CCS classification improvement was 65.8% in the TJC group and 45.8% in the placebo group, with an absolute difference of 17.9% (95% CI: 5.8% to 32.9%; p < 0.05), meeting the predefined superiority criterion. TJC also led to greater improvements in SAQ and TCM scores (p < 0.05). No between-group differences were observed in FPG or HbA1c. HDL-C increased significantly in the TJC group (p < 0.05), independent of lipid-lowering drugs. Nitroglycerin usage decreased in both groups, but without a significant intergroup difference. TJC was well tolerated, with a low incidence of mild adverse events. TJC significantly improves angina symptoms, TCM syndromes, and HDL-C levels in patients with T2DM-CHD, with good safety, supporting its role as a complementary therapy.",Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology,2025,Haitong Wan; Peng Zhou; Wei Fu; Xinyu Wu; Zhexuan Yu; Chongyu Shao; Li Yu; Lihong Jiang; Lan Zhang; Ruixia Pei; Yang Xiao; Liping Dou; Li Wang; Xiaohua Dai; Lei Zhang; Youbin Luo; Liuying Li; Yufang Liu; Chao Zhao; Ye Lei; Mingjun Zhao; Jiehong Yang,10.1016/j.phymed.2025.157234,Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Multicenter Study,diabetes,True,Haitong Wan et al. (2025). Efficacy and safety of Tongmai Jiangtang Capsule in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with coronary heart disease with syndrome of damp - heat obstructing collaterals. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40961593/
39844258,Triglyceride-glucose-body mass index and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.,"Numerous studies have shown that insulin resistance (IR) is closely related to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aims to summarize the correlation between the triglyceride-glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI index), a novel surrogate indicator of insulin resistance, and the incidence of CVD in patients without CVD at baseline through meta-analysis. Cohort studies assessing multivariate-corrected hazard ratios (HRs) for associations between the TyG-BMI index and cardiovascular disease (CVD) were obtained by searching PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Results were combined using a random-effects model to account for heterogeneity among the included studies. Robust error meta-regression was used to fit the nonlinear dose-response relationship. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 and STATA 18.0. Ten cohort studies involving a total of 871,728 subjects were included. The results indicated that Compared with the lowest TyG-BMI index category, the highest TyG-BMI index was related to a higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (HR = 1.62; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.35-1.95; I Higher TyG-BMI may be independently associated with an increased risk of CVD in individuals without CVD at baseline. Numerous cohort studies are needed to further validate and elucidate the pathologic role between Tyg-BMI and CVD and to determine whether it can be incorporated into CVD risk prediction tools to enhance predictive accuracy.",Cardiovascular diabetology,2025,Xiyun Rao; Ziyi Xin; Qingwen Yu; Lanlan Feng; Yongmin Shi; Ting Tang; Xuhan Tong; Siqi Hu; Yao You; Shenghui Zhang; Jiake Tang; Xingwei Zhang; Mingwei Wang; Ling Liu,10.1186/s12933-025-02584-0,Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review,bmi,True,Xiyun Rao et al. (2025). Triglyceride-glucose-body mass index and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Cardiovascular diabetology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39844258/
40758197,Ancestry- and Age-Dependent Effects of NOS3 Polymorphisms on Coronary Heart Disease Risk: A Meta-analysis.,"The relevance of NOS3 common polymorphisms to coronary heart disease (CHD) risk is inconsistent among different studies, and little is known about the contribution of the genetic variants to the disease development across ancestries and age groups. To address this, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis stratified by age and ancestry, including 123 eligible studies (29,040 cases and 26,694 controls). Random- or fixed-effects models were applied, based on heterogeneity statistics, to assess the association between the selected polymorphisms (rs1799983 and rs2070744) and CHD risk under various genetic models; p-values were corrected for multiple comparisons. Our findings indicate that the effect of both polymorphisms on the CHD risk varies across ancestries and age groups. In individuals under 55 years, rs1799983, but not rs2070744, showed a marginally significant association with CHD risk in the pooled analysis. However, neither variant appears to be involved in CHD development within any tested ancestry, including East Asian, European, Greater Middle Eastern, and South Asian populations. In individuals over 55 years, rs1799983 was significantly associated with an increased risk of CHD in East Asian, European, and Greater Middle Eastern populations, while rs2070744 contributed to CHD risk in East Asians and Europeans. Among all ancestries, both polymorphisms showed the strongest associations with the disease risk in East Asians, with no significant association observed in the American population. This meta-analysis advances our understanding of the impact of well-known NOS3 variants on CHD incidence across diverse age and ancestry groups. It proposes that the genetic risk of CHD associated with rs1799983 and rs2070744 might be more prominent in older individuals with prolonged environmental exposures. Such insights are critical for developing genetic screening panels to efficiently identify individuals who are genetically at high risk for CHD development.",Cardiovascular toxicology,2025,Saeideh Jafarinejad-Farsangi; Sara Asgarian; Sara Ghahari; Leila Najd-Hassan-Bonab; Maryam Moazzam-Jazi,10.1007/s12012-025-10050-2,Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review,age,True,Saeideh Jafarinejad-Farsangi et al. (2025). Ancestry- and Age-Dependent Effects of NOS3 Polymorphisms on Coronary Heart Disease Risk: A Meta-analysis. Cardiovascular toxicology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40758197/
39465996,Diabetes and the risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality among older adults: an individual participant data analysis of five prospective studies.,"Guidelines and studies provide conflicting information on whether type 2 diabetes (T2D) should be considered a coronary heart disease risk (CHD) equivalent in older adults. We synthesized participant-level data on 82,723 individuals aged ≥65 years from five prospective studies in two-stage meta-analyses. We estimated multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of T2D (presence versus absence) on a primary composite outcome defined as cardiovascular events or all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were the components of the composite. We evaluated CHD risk equivalence by comparing outcomes between individuals with T2D but no CHD versus CHD but no T2D. The median age of participants was 71 years, 20% had T2D and 17% had CHD at baseline. A total of 29,474 participants (36%) experienced the composite outcome. Baseline T2D was associated with higher risk of cardiovascular events or all-cause mortality versus no T2D (HR 1.44, 95% CI [1.40-1.49]). The association was weaker in individuals aged ≥75 years versus 65-74 years (HR 1.32 [1.19-1.46] vs. 1.56 [1.50-1.62]; p-value for interaction = .032). Compared to individuals with CHD but no T2D, individuals with T2D but no CHD had a similar risk of the composite outcome (HR 0.95 [0.85-1.07]), but a lower risk of cardiovascular events (HR 0.76 [0.59-0.98]). T2D was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in older adults, but T2D without CHD conferred lower risk of cardiovascular events compared to CHD without T2D. Our results suggest that T2D should not be considered a CHD risk equivalent in older adults.",European journal of clinical investigation,2025,Valerie Aponte Ribero; Orestis Efthimiou; Nazanin Abolhassani; Heba Alwan; Douglas C Bauer; Séverine Henrard; Antoine Christiaens; Denis O'Mahony; Wilma Knol; Mike J L Peters; Arnaud Chiolero; Drahomir Aujesky; Gérard Waeber; Nicolas Rodondi; Cinzia Del Giovane; Baris Gencer,10.1111/eci.14340,Journal Article; Meta-Analysis,age,True,Valerie Aponte Ribero et al. (2025). Diabetes and the risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality among older adults: an individual participant data analysis of five prospective studies. European journal of clinical investigation.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39465996/
39614281,"Examining the potential causal relationships among smoking behaviors, blood DNA methylation profiles, and the development of coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction.","Smoking has been identified as a standalone risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) and myocardial infarction (MI), but the precise underlying mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. In this study, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to examine the impact of smoking behaviors (including smoking initiation, age of smoking initiation, cigarettes per day, and smoking cessation) and smoking-related DNA methylation at CpG sites on CHD and MI based on the UK Biobank dataset. Additionally, we included the FinnGen and Biobank Japan datasets as replications and performed a meta-analysis to combine the results from different data sources. We further validated our results using genetic colocalization analysis. In genomic analysis, we provided compelling evidence on the association between genetically predicted smoking initiation and increased susceptibility to CHD and MI. In epigenetic analysis, we identified 11 smoking-related CpG sites linked to CHD risk and 10 smoking-related CpG sites associated with the risk of MI based on the UK Biobank dataset. Subsequently, some of these CpG sites were further replicated using the FinnGen or BBJ datasets. Ultimately, a meta-analysis was conducted to integrate findings from various data sources (3 for CHD, and 2 for MI), revealing that 7 of 11 CpG sites were linked to CHD risk; whereas, 7 of 10 CpG sites were associated with MI risk. Furthermore, we performed genetic colocalization analysis and found that cg19744173 (FBLN7), cg00395063 (ARHGEF12), and cg16822035 (MCF2L) exhibited robust evidence of colocalization with coronary heart disease; whereas, cg19529732 (DIABLO), cg26405020 (FES), and cg08940075 (CNN3) demonstrated strong colocalization evidence with the risk of myocardial infarction. Our research offers a novel insight into the impact of smoking on the susceptibility to CHD and MI through the lens of epigenetic DNA methylation.",Clinical epigenetics,2024,Wenhua Li; Pan Dong; Yixiao Li; Jiaxin Tang; Siyang Liu; Ling Tu; Xizhen Xu,10.1186/s13148-024-01791-y,Journal Article; Meta-Analysis,smoking,True,"Wenhua Li et al. (2024). Examining the potential causal relationships among smoking behaviors, blood DNA methylation profiles, and the development of coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction. Clinical epigenetics.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39614281/
38342141,Association of LDL-C/HDL-C ratio with coronary heart disease: A meta-analysis.,"Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a common heart disease and a leading cause of death in developed countries and some developing countries such as China. It is recognized as a multifactorial disease, with dyslipidemia being closely associated with the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. Numerous studies have confirmed the relationship between a single indicator of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and CHD. However, the association between LDL-C to HDL-C ratio (LHR) and CHD remains unclear. This study aimed to comprehensively explore the association between LHR and CHD. This meta-analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were comprehensively searched up to June 15, 2023, to find the studies that indicated the connection between LHR and CHD. A total of 12 published studies were selected. The random-effects model was used to pool the data and mean difference (MD), and the 95% confidence intervals (CI) were taken as the overall outcome. No language restrictions existed in the study selection. The Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 12 were used to analyze the data. Twelve high-quality clinical studies involving 5544 participants, including 3009 patients with CHD, were enrolled in the meta-analysis. The findings revealed that the LHR was higher by 0.65 in patients with CHD than in those without CHD (MD, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50-0.80). The LHR was found to be positively correlated with CHD, suggesting that it may serve as a potential indicator of CHD.",Indian heart journal,2024,Siqi Hu; Hua Fan; Shenghui Zhang; Chen Chen; Yao You; Chunyi Wang; Jie Li; Lin Luo; Yongran Cheng; Mengyun Zhou; Xuezhi Zhao; Wen Wen; Tao Tan; Fangfang Xu; Xinyan Fu; Juan Chen; Xingwei Zhang; Mingwei Wang; Jiake Tang,10.1016/j.ihj.2024.01.014,Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review,cholesterol,True,Siqi Hu et al. (2024). Association of LDL-C/HDL-C ratio with coronary heart disease: A meta-analysis. Indian heart journal.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38342141/
39137553,Associations of sleep with cardiometabolic risk factors and cardiovascular diseases: An umbrella review of observational and mendelian randomization studies.,"Two researchers independently assessed studies published up to February 5, 2023, across PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library, to investigate the associations of sleep traits with cardiometabolic risk factors, as well as with cardiovascular diseases. Fourteen systematic reviews consisting of 23 meta-analyses, and 11 Mendelian randomization (MR) studies were included in this study. Short sleep duration was associated with a higher risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension, stroke, and coronary heart disease (CHD) in observational studies, while a causal role was only demonstrated in obesity, hypertension, and CHD by MR. Similarly, long sleep duration showed connections with a higher risk of obesity, T2D, hypertension, stroke, and CHD in observational studies, none was supported by MR analysis. Both observational and MR studies indicated heightened risks of hypertension, stroke, and CHD in relation to insomnia. Napping was linked to elevated risks of T2D and CHD in observational studies, with MR analysis confirming a causal role in T2D. Additionally, snoring was correlated with increased risks of stroke and CHD in both observational and MR studies. This work consolidates existing evidence on a causal relationship between sleep characteristics and cardiometabolic risk factors, as well as cardiovascular diseases.",Sleep medicine reviews,2024,Chao Yang; Peijing Yan; Xueyao Wu; Wenqiang Zhang; Huijie Cui; Li Zhang; Zhengxing Xu; Shanshan Peng; Mingshuang Tang; Yutong Wang; Lin Chen; Yanqiu Zou; Yunjie Liu; Min Zhang; Xunying Zhao; Jinyu Xiao; Chenghan Xiao; Ling Zhang; Yuqin Yao; Jiayuan Li; Zhenmi Liu; Chunxia Yang; Xia Jiang; Ben Zhang,10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101965,"Journal Article; Systematic Review; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",hypertension,True,Chao Yang et al. (2024). Associations of sleep with cardiometabolic risk factors and cardiovascular diseases: An umbrella review of observational and mendelian randomization studies. Sleep medicine reviews.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39137553/
37811704,Hospital admissions among people with diabetes: A systematic review.,"To describe the reasons for hospital admission among people with diabetes. We searched Emcare, Embase, Medline and Google Scholar databases for population-based studies describing the causes of hospitalisation among people with diabetes. We included articles published in English from 1980 to 2022. For each study, we determined the most frequent reasons for admission. Studies were assessed for quality using the Newcastle Ottawa quality assessment tool. 6920 research articles were retrieved from the search of all sources. After screening the titles and abstracts of these, we reviewed the full text of 135 papers and finally included data from 42 studies. Admissions among the total diabetes were reported in 25 papers: 5 articles reported type 1 diabetes alone, 10 articles reported type 2 diabetes alone and the remaining 2 articles reported type 1 and type 2 diabetes separately. Among the 25 total and type 2 diabetes studies that reported the distribution of hospitalisations in broad categories, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were the leading cause of admission in 19/25 (76%) of studies. Among the 19 studies that reported CVD admissions by subcategories, ischaemic or coronary heart disease was the leading subtype of CVD in 58% of studies. The other common causes of admissions were infections, renal disorders, endocrine, nutritional, metabolic and immunity disorders. In people with type 1 diabetes, acute diabetes complications were the leading cause of admission. CVD are the leading cause of hospital admission for people with diabetes, with ischaemic or coronary heart disease as the predominant subtype.",Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association,2024,Berhanu Elfu Feleke; Julian Sacre; Dunya Tomic; Quan Huynh; Jonathan E Shaw; Dianna J Magliano,10.1111/dme.15236,Systematic Review; Journal Article,diabetes,True,Berhanu Elfu Feleke et al. (2024). Hospital admissions among people with diabetes: A systematic review. Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37811704/
39365811,Association between triglyceride and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Depression is accompanied by dyslipidemia, which may increase the risk of stroke and coronary heart disease. This study sought to quantitatively summarize the clinical data comparing peripheral blood triglyceride (TG) concentrations between patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls (HCs). Studies were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Databases up to March 2023. We also reviewed the reference lists of obtained articles. Mean (±SD) for TG concentrations were extracted, combined quantitatively using random-effects meta-analysis, and summarized as a standardized mean difference (SMD). Subgroup analysis and meta-regression was performed to explore the resource of heterogeneity. Thirty-eight studies measuring the concentrations of peripheral blood TG in 2604 patients with MDD and 3272 HCs were included. Meta-analysis results indicated that TG levels were significant higher in patients with MDD than in HCs (SMD = 0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.16 to 0.46, Z46 = 4.05, p < 0.01). Heterogeneity was detected (χ2 = 269.97, p < 0.01, I2 = 85%). Subgroup analysis demonstrated significant differences in TG levels between patients with MDD and HCs depended on age, body mass index and drug use (p < 0.05), but no differences between groups. Meta-regression also found no significant variables. TG level was significantly elevated in depression, which may explain the increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in depression.",PloS one,2024,Di-Ru Xu; Xi Gao; Li-Bo Zhao; Shu-Dong Liu; Ge Tang; Chan-Juan Zhou; Yu Chen,10.1371/journal.pone.0311625,Journal Article; Systematic Review; Meta-Analysis,bmi,True,Di-Ru Xu et al. (2024). Association between triglyceride and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39365811/
36044871,Retinal Vascular Caliber in Coronary Heart Disease and Its Risk Factors.,"Many clinical and experimental articles have suggested that the retinal vascular diameter can be used as a predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the results and reliability of the prediction are still controversial. A meta-analysis of observational study was conducted to clarify the relationships of retinal vessel caliber with CHD and CHD risk factors. PubMed and Embase were searched for all observational studies on the relationship of retinal vessel caliber with CHD and CHD risk factors from 2001 to 2021. The meta-analysis has been registered in PROSPERO (registration number is CRD42021267154). A total of 14 articles were selected for the inclusion in this meta-analysis. In the primary outcome, smaller retinal arteriolar caliber was related to CHD, and the results achieved statistical significance (MD: -5.55, 95% CI: -8.07 to -3.02, p 0.05). Smaller retinal arteriolar caliber was related to increasing age, male sex, bigger BMI, and hypertension. Bigger retinal arteriolar caliber was related to current smoking. Smaller retinal venule caliber was related to increasing age and hypertension. Bigger retinal venule caliber was related to current smoking, bigger BMI, and diabetes. Smaller retinal arteriolar caliber was related to CHD, while there was no significant difference in venule caliber between CHD and healthy people. Retinal vascular caliber also independently related to CHD risk factors (e.g., age, gender, smoke, BMI, hypertension, and diabetes).",Ophthalmic research,2023,Changsen Liang; Chen Gu; Ning Wang,10.1159/000526753,Meta-Analysis; Journal Article,smoking,True,Changsen Liang et al. (2023). Retinal Vascular Caliber in Coronary Heart Disease and Its Risk Factors. Ophthalmic research.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36044871/
36529488,Mendelian Randomization Study Does Not Support a Bidirectional Link between Atherosclerosis and Venous Thromboembolism.,"Some observational studies suggested that atherosclerosis increased the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), and vice versa. However, the results were conflicting, and the causal relationship is yet to be established. Therefore, we applied Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to assess the bidirectional causality between coronary heart disease (CHD) and VTE, deep venous thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE). A total of 184,305 individuals with CHD were included from the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D Consortium. Information on VTE, DVT, and PE were obtained from the FinnGen biobank. Genetic instruments for CHD and VTE were constructed using 37 and 12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, respectively. Inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis under a random-effect model was used as the preliminary estimate. Five complementary MR methods were also used, including weighted median, MR-Egger, multivariable MR (adjusted for the body mass index), simple mode, and weighted mode methods. The genetically instrumented VTE (odds ratio [OR]: 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00-1.11; P=0.06), DVT (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.99-1.08; P=0.19), or PE (OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.98-1.16; P=0.11) showed no causal relationships with CHD. There was also no clear evidence showing the causal effects of CHD on VTE (OR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.82-1.22; P=0.98), DVT (OR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.79-1.27; P=0.97), or PE (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.82-1.18; P=0.87). No pleiotropic bias was found in the MR analyses. As heterogeneity was significant, a random model was used to minimize the effect of heterogeneity. No causal associations existed between CHD and VTE. Arterial and venous thromboses may represent separate entities.",Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis,2023,Mengjin Hu; Zhaoting Gong; Yuejin Yang,10.5551/jat.63924,Meta-Analysis; Journal Article,bmi,True,Mengjin Hu et al. (2023). Mendelian Randomization Study Does Not Support a Bidirectional Link between Atherosclerosis and Venous Thromboembolism. Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36529488/
38048133,"Mortality and Morbidity Among Individuals With Hypertension Receiving a Diuretic, ACE Inhibitor, or Calcium Channel Blocker: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.","The long-term relative risk of antihypertensive treatments with regard to mortality and morbidity is not well understood. To determine the long-term posttrial risk of primary and secondary outcomes among trial participants who were randomized to either a thiazide-type diuretic, calcium channel blocker (CCB), or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with up to 23 years of follow-up. This prespecified secondary analysis of the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT), a multicenter randomized, double-blind, active-controlled clinical trial, followed up with participants aged 55 years or older with a diagnosis of hypertension and at least 1 other coronary heart disease risk factor for up to 23 years, from February 23, 1994, to December 31, 2017. Trial participants were linked with administrative databases for posttrial mortality (N = 32 804) and morbidity outcomes (n = 22 754). Statistical analysis was performed from January 2022 to October 2023. Participants were randomly assigned to receive a thiazide-type diuretic (n = 15 002), a CCB (n = 8898), or an ACE inhibitor (n = 8904) for planned in-trial follow-up of approximately 4 to 8 years and posttrial passive follow-up for up to 23 years. The primary end point was mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality, combined fatal and nonfatal (morbidity) CVD, and both mortality and morbidity for coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, end-stage renal disease, and cancer. A total of 32 804 participants (mean [SD] age, 66.9 [7.7] years; 17 411 men [53.1%]; and 11 772 Black participants [35.9%]) were followed up for all-cause mortality and a subgroup of 22 754 participants (mean [SD] age, 68.7 [7.2] years; 12 772 women [56.1%]; and 8199 Black participants [36.0%]) were followed up for fatal or nonfatal CVD through 2017 (mean [SD] follow-up, 13.7 [6.7] years; maximum follow-up, 23.9 years). Cardiovascular disease mortality rates per 100 persons were 23.7, 21.6, and 23.8 in the diuretic, CCB, and ACE inhibitor groups, respectively, at 23 years after randomization (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 0.97 [95% CI, 0.89-1.05] for CCB vs diuretic; AHR, 1.06 [95% CI, 0.97-1.15] for ACE inhibitor vs diuretic). The long-term risks of most secondary outcomes were similar among the 3 groups. Compared with the diuretic group, the ACE inhibitor group had a 19% increased risk of stroke mortality (AHR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.03-1.37]) and an 11% increased risk of combined fatal and nonfatal hospitalized stroke (AHR, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.03-1.20]). In this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial in an adult population with hypertension and coronary heart disease risk factors, CVD mortality was similar between all 3 groups. ACE inhibitors increased the risk of stroke outcomes by 11% compared with diuretics, and this effect persisted well beyond the trial period. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00000542.",JAMA network open,2023,Jose-Miguel Yamal; Journey Martinez; Mikala C Osani; Xianglin L Du; Lara M Simpson; Barry R Davis,10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.44998,"Randomized Controlled Trial; Multicenter Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural",age,True,"Jose-Miguel Yamal et al. (2023). Mortality and Morbidity Among Individuals With Hypertension Receiving a Diuretic, ACE Inhibitor, or Calcium Channel Blocker: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA network open.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38048133/
36112810,An updated analysis on the association of ,"To undertake a meta-analysis to investigate if there is an association between the glutathione S-transferase mu 1 ( Electronic databases, including PubMed®, Web of Science and Embase®, were searched for relevant case-control studies. Data were extracted and the odds ratio (OR) was calculated and appropriate statistical methods were used for the meta-analysis. The analysis included eight studies with a total of 1880 cases with CAD and 1758 control subjects. The results of this meta-analysis demonstrated that there is no association between the Based on the current literature, the",The Journal of international medical research,2022,Min Liu; Ye Gu; Jian-Ning Ma; Ke-Na Bao; Li Ao; Xin Ni,10.1177/03000605221123697,Journal Article; Meta-Analysis,smoking,True,Min Liu et al. (2022). An updated analysis on the association of  The Journal of international medical research.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36112810/
35028314,Nicotine Ingestion Reduces Heart Rate Variability in Young Healthy Adults.,"Around the whole world, smoking is considered harmful to human health, such as increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD, such as coronary heart disease and stroke) and lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to explore whether nicotine, the main component of tobacco, has adverse effects on heart rate variability (HRV) in adolescents, so as to remind adolescents not to smoke and not to take pleasure in abusing nicotine. In this study, 40 male and 40 female young healthy nonsmoking subjects were selected to analyze the changes of HRV after taking 4 mg nicotine orally. We found that nicotine reduced HRV in young healthy male and female subjects, and there was no gender difference in this effect (",BioMed research international,2022,Qian-Nan Guo; Jing Wang; Hong-Yan Liu; Dong Wu; Shi-Xiu Liao,10.1155/2022/4286621,Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial,smoking,True,Qian-Nan Guo et al. (2022). Nicotine Ingestion Reduces Heart Rate Variability in Young Healthy Adults. BioMed research international.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35028314/
36741830,Prognostic value of remnant cholesterol in patients with coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.,"The relationship between abnormal lipid levels and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases is well established, but the association between remnant cholesterol (RC) and coronary heart disease (CHD) remains uncertain. The aim of this meta-analysis is to systematically evaluate the prognostic value of RC concentration in patients with CHD. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were reviewed to identify relevant observational cohort studies published in English up to December 2021. Random-effects meta-analysis compared the highest and lowest RC concentration. The primary outcome was a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and all-cause mortality in patients with CHD. A total of 10 studies recruiting 30,605 patients with CHD were selected to be included in this meta-analysis. Patients with CHD with elevated RC concentration had an increased risk of the composite endpoint events (RR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.26-1.87) and MACEs (RR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.54-1.88), but the risk of all-cause mortality was not statistically significant (RR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.79-1.69, Our results suggest that elevated concentration RC may independently predict MACEs in patients with CHD. Determination of RC concentration may improve risk stratification of prognosis in patients with CHD. However, more high-quality studies are necessary to confirm this association.",Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine,2022,Yun Tian; Wenli Wu; Li Qin; Xiuqiong Yu; Lin Cai; Han Wang; Zhen Zhang,10.3389/fcvm.2022.951523,Systematic Review; Journal Article,cholesterol,True,Yun Tian et al. (2022). Prognostic value of remnant cholesterol in patients with coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36741830/
36090589,Evidence and Potential Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Adjuvant Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis.,"Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has long been used to treat diabetes mellitus and angina. It has also gained widespread clinical applications in China as a common adjuvant treatment. Although there is high-quality evidence that TCM is effective in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, the cardiovascular protective effect of TCM in the treatment of diabetes mellitus has not been fully elucidated, especially in patients with both diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease (CHD). We systematically assessed the efficacy and safety of TCM for the adjuvant treatment of patients with CHD and diabetes mellitus and examined the pharmacological effects and potential mechanisms of TCM medication/herbs on diabetes mellitus with CHD. We found that TCM could improve the control effect of conventional treatment on cardiac function, hemorheology, blood glucose, blood lipid, and inflammation, thus reducing the frequency of angina and the incidence of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. These findings indicate that TCM may be used as a complementary approach for patients with diabetes mellitus and CHD. Nevertheless, more rigorously designed randomized controlled trials and long-term evaluations are needed to support these findings.",Journal of diabetes research,2022,Yu Wei; Qi-You Ding; Chak Yeung; Yi-Shan Huang; Bo-Xun Zhang; Li-Li Zhang; Run-Yu Miao; Sha Di; Lin-Hua Zhao; Xiao-Lin Tong,10.1155/2022/2545476,Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Systematic Review,diabetes,True,Yu Wei et al. (2022). Evidence and Potential Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Adjuvant Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis. Journal of diabetes research.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36090589/
33261511,"Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and chronic disease: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies.","We aimed to present a comprehensive review of the association of dietary glycemic index (GI) and load (GL) with the risk of chronic disease. Published meta-analyses of prospective observational studies evaluating the association of dietary GI and GL with risk of chronic disease were identified by a search in PubMed and Scopus to November, 2020. Summary relative risks (SRRs) were recalculated using random-effects models. The certainty of evidence was rated by the GRADE approach. Eighteen meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies, reporting 19 SRRs for dietary GI and 17 SRRs for dietary GL were identified. There was a positive association between dietary GI and the risk of type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and colorectal, breast, and bladder cancers, as well as between dietary GL and the risk of coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and stroke. With regard to cancers at other sites, there was no significant association. The certainty of evidence ranged from very low to low. Although by GRADE classification no associations were rated stronger than low, they were classified as one grade higher when the NutriGrade system was used. Further research is needed to add evidence for the relation of dietary GI and GL with cancer risk.",Critical reviews in food science and nutrition,2022,Ahmad Jayedi; Sepideh Soltani; David Jenkins; John Sievenpiper; Sakineh Shab-Bidar,10.1080/10408398.2020.1854168,Journal Article; Systematic Review,diabetes,True,"Ahmad Jayedi et al. (2022). Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and chronic disease: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33261511/
35633921,"Effectiveness of ""Internet+"" Based Cardiac Rehabilitation on Prognosis of Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: A Meta-Analysis.","Meta-analysis was used to systematically evaluate the impact of Internet-based cardiac rehabilitation on the health of patients with coronary heart disease. Randomized controlled trial study (RCTs) of the effects of Internet-based cardiac rehabilitation on cardiovascular risk factors, motor function and psychological status in patients with coronary heart disease has been systematically studied. A total of 13 articles were included. Meta-analysis showed that internet-based cardiac rehabilitation training could effectively reduce the total cholesterol level [MD = -0.15, 95% CI (-0.28, -0.02), Internet-based cardiac rehabilitation can significantly reduce cholesterol and triglyceride levels and improve theVO",Computational and mathematical methods in medicine,2022,Meng Ding; Fan Zhang; Jiashun Hu,10.1155/2022/1574774,Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Retracted Publication,bmi,True,"Meng Ding et al. (2022). Effectiveness of ""Internet+"" Based Cardiac Rehabilitation on Prognosis of Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Computational and mathematical methods in medicine.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35633921/
32803250,Cigarette Smoking Reduction and Health Risks: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.,"Studies have shown the health benefits of cigarette smoking cessation. However, the literature remains unclear about the relationship between smoking reduction and health risks. This comprehensive review and meta-analysis updates previous reviews with the newest estimates. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the association between smoking reduction and some health risks in observational studies. We defined the following smoking categories: heavy smokers smoked ≥15-20 cigarettes per day (CPD), moderate smokers smoked 10-19 CPD, and light smokers smoked <10 CPD. The relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using random-effect models. We identified 19 studies including four case-control and 15 cohort studies. Compared with continuing heavy smokers, we found decreased lung cancer risk for those who reduced CPD by more than 50% (RR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.91), from heavy to moderate (RR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.85), and from heavy to light (RR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.72). We also found lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) for those who reduced from heavy to light smoking (RR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.89) but not those who reduced by more than 50% and reduced smoking from heavy to moderate. We did not find any significant difference in all-cause mortality, all-cancer risks, and smoking-/tobacco-related cancer risk among those who reduced. Substantial smoking reduction may decrease lung cancer risk but results on CVD (coronary heart disease and stroke combined) risk were mixed. The relationships between smoking reduction and other endpoints examined were not significant. This meta-analysis helps clarify our understanding of various smoking reduction levels on some health risks. While smoking reduction may decrease risks of lung cancer, the relationships between smoking reduction and other endpoints, including all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease, remain unclear. Although smoking reduction may decrease lung cancer risks, the magnitude of lung cancer risk remain high. Among smokers, complete cessation remains the most effective approach for cancer and CVD prevention.",Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco,2021,Joanne T Chang; Gabriella M Anic; Brian L Rostron; Manju Tanwar; Cindy M Chang,10.1093/ntr/ntaa156,"Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Systematic Review",smoking,True,Joanne T Chang et al. (2021). Cigarette Smoking Reduction and Health Risks: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32803250/
33876246,"Smoking Cessation, Weight Gain, Cardiovascular Risk, and All-Cause Mortality: A Meta-analysis.","Quitting smoking usually results in weight gain, rising the concern that weight gain after smoking cessation may attenuate the benefits of smoking quitting on cardiovascular health. We aimed to examine the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among smoking quitters compared with smokers, stratified by post-cessation weight change. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for eligible studies published before September 2020. Cohort studies examining the relative risk of CVD among smoking quitters stratified by post-cessation weight change, with smokers being treated as the reference, were included. Two investigators extracted the key characteristics of each included study using a standard electronic form. We identified nine studies for this meta-analysis. Compared with smokers, the pooled RRs (95% confidence interval) of CVD among quitters with weight gain and among those without were 0.74 [0.66, 0.83] and 0.86 [0.80, 0.92], with no evidence of heterogeneity between studies being observed. Moreover, the associations appeared to be significantly stronger among quitters with weight gain than those without, particularly in the analysis of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke (pooled RRs = 0.65 [0.59, 0.71] vs. 0.79 [0.71, 0.88] for CHD and 0.67 [0.62, 0.73] vs. 0.76 [0.72, 0.81] for stroke, respectively; p for interaction <.05). Smoking cessation was associated with a significantly lower risk of CVD and all-cause mortality, regardless of post-cessation weight gain. A greater risk reduction among quitters with weight gain than those without merits further investigations. Quitting smoking usually results in weight gain and increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. We found that the risk reduction in CVD and all-cause mortality associated with smoking cessation was greater in quitters with weight gain than that in quitters without, especially in CHD and stroke. Despite weight gain and increased risk of type 2 diabetes, quitting smoking remains effective in the prevention of CVD.",Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco,2021,Xiaowen Wang; Li-Qiang Qin; Ahmed Arafa; Ehab S Eshak; Yonghua Hu; Jia-Yi Dong,10.1093/ntr/ntab076,Journal Article; Meta-Analysis,smoking,True,"Xiaowen Wang et al. (2021). Smoking Cessation, Weight Gain, Cardiovascular Risk, and All-Cause Mortality: A Meta-analysis. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33876246/
33632508,Coronary heart disease and COVID-19: A meta-analysis.,"Since the World Health Organization (WHO) announced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had become a global pandemic on March 11, 2020, the number of infections has been increasing. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the prognosis of COVID-19 in patients with coronary heart disease. Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to collect the literature concerning coronary heart disease and COVID-19. The retrieval time was from inception to Nov 20, 2020, using Stata version 14.0 for meta-analysis. A total of 22,148 patients from 40 studies were included. The meta-analysis revealed that coronary heart disease was associated with poor prognosis of COVID-19 (OR=3.42, 95%CI [2.83, 4.13], P30% (OR=2.85, 95%CI [2.33, 3.49]), the proportion of hypertension <30% (OR=4.78, 95%CI [3.50, 6.51]) had a higher risk of poor prognosis. Coronary heart disease is a risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19.",Medicina clinica,2021,Chendi Liang; Weijun Zhang; Shuzhen Li; Gang Qin,10.1016/j.medcli.2020.12.017,"Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",hypertension,True,Chendi Liang et al. (2021). Coronary heart disease and COVID-19: A meta-analysis. Medicina clinica.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33632508/
34333589,Association between adiposity and cardiovascular outcomes: an umbrella review and meta-analysis of observational and Mendelian randomization studies.,"The aim of this study was to investigate the causal relationship and evidence of an association between increased adiposity and the risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) events or mortality. Observational (informing association) and Mendelian randomization (MR) (informing causality) studies were assessed to gather mutually complementary insights and elucidate perplexing epidemiological relationships. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational and MR studies that were published until January 2021 and evaluated the association between obesity-related indices and CVD risk were searched. Twelve systematic reviews with 53 meta-analyses results (including over 501 cohort studies) and 12 MR studies were included in the analysis. A body mass index (BMI) increase was associated with higher risks of coronary heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, all-cause stroke, haemorrhagic stroke, ischaemic stroke, hypertension, aortic valve stenosis, pulmonary embolism, and venous thrombo-embolism. The MR study results demonstrated a causal effect of obesity on all indices but stroke. The CVD risk increase for every 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI varied from 10% [relative risk (RR) 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.21; certainty of evidence, low] for haemorrhagic stroke to 49% (RR 1.49; 95% CI 1.40-1.60; certainty of evidence, high) for hypertension. The all-cause and CVD-specific mortality risks increased with adiposity in cohorts, but the MR studies demonstrated no causal effect of adiposity on all-cause mortality. High adiposity is associated with increased CVD risk despite divergent evidence gradients. Adiposity was a causal risk factor for CVD except all-cause mortality and stroke. Half (49%; 26/53) of the associations were supported by high-level evidence. The associations were consistent between sexes and across global regions. This study provides guidance on how to integrate evidence from observational (association) and genetics-driven (causation) studies accumulated to date, to enable a more reliable interpretation of epidemiological relationships.",European heart journal,2021,Min Seo Kim; Won Jun Kim; Amit V Khera; Jong Yeob Kim; Dong Keon Yon; Seung Won Lee; Jae Il Shin; Hong-Hee Won,10.1093/eurheartj/ehab454,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Systematic Review",bmi,True,Min Seo Kim et al. (2021). Association between adiposity and cardiovascular outcomes: an umbrella review and meta-analysis of observational and Mendelian randomization studies. European heart journal.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34333589/
33960625,Associations between body mass index and height during childhood and adolescence and the risk of coronary heart disease in adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Body mass index (BMI) at child and adolescent ages is positively associated with adult coronary heart disease (CHD) whereas height at these ages may be inversely associated with CHD. However, potential effects of age, sex, and socioeconomic status on associations between BMI and CHD are less investigated. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of BMI and height at ages 2-19 years in relation to adult CHD and examined effects of age, sex, socioeconomic status, and other factors. Twenty-two studies on BMI and five on height were included, comprising 5,538,319 individuals and 69,830 CHD events. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted. Child and adolescent BMI were positively associated with CHD (hazard ratio = 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.01, 1.25] per standard deviation [SD]), and categorical analyses supported these findings. The associations did not significantly differ by age, sex, or by adjustment for socioeconomic status. Child and adolescent height were inversely associated with CHD (hazard ratio = 0.87; 95% CI [0.81, 0.93] per SD), and categorical analyses agreed. Insufficient studies on height precluded subgroup analyses. Heterogeneity was generally high in all analyses. We found that BMI in youth is positively associated with adult CHD regardless of sex or adjustment for socioeconomic status whereas height is inversely associated with later risk of CHD.",Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity,2021,Julie F Meyer; Sara B Larsen; Kim Blond; Camilla T Damsgaard; Lise G Bjerregaard; Jennifer L Baker,10.1111/obr.13276,"Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Systematic Review",bmi,True,Julie F Meyer et al. (2021). Associations between body mass index and height during childhood and adolescence and the risk of coronary heart disease in adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33960625/
33400910,Risk markers of incident atrial fibrillation in patients with coronary heart disease.,"In patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We investigated the associations between clinical risk factors and biomarkers with incident AF in patients with CHD. Around 13,153 patients with optimally treated CHD included in the STabilization of Atherosclerotic plaque By Initiation of darapLadIb TherapY (STABILITY) trial with plasma samples obtained at randomization. Mean follow-up time was 3.5 years. The association between clinical risk factors and biomarkers with incident AF was estimated with Cox-regression models. Validation was performed in 1,894 patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome included in the FRISC-II trial. The median (min-max) age was 64 years (range 26-92) and 2,514 (19.1%) were women. A total of 541 patients, annual incidence rate of 1.2%, developed AF during follow-up. In multivariable models, older age, higher levels of NT-proBNP, higher body mass index (BMI), male sex, geographic regions, low physical activity, and heart failure were independently associated with increased risk of incident AF with hazard ratios ranging from 1.04 to 1.79 (P ≤ .05). NT-proBNP improved the C-index from 0.70 to 0.71. In the validation cohort, age, BMI, and NT-proBNP were associated with increased risk of incident AF with similar hazard ratios. In patients with optimally treated CHD, the incidence of new AF was 1.2% per year. Age, NT-proBNP as a marker of impaired cardiac function, and BMI were the strongest factors, independently and consistently associated with incident AF. Male sex and low physical activity may also contribute to the risk of AF in patients with CHD.",American heart journal,2021,Maria Tomasdottir; Claes Held; Nermin Hadziosmanovic; Johan Westerbergh; Johan Lindbäck; Philip E Aylward; Andrzej Budaj; Christopher P Cannon; Johan Engdahl; Christopher B Granger; Wolfgang Koenig; Athanasios J Manolis; Jonas Oldgren; Ralph A H Stewart; Emma Svennberg; Dragos Vinereanu; Harvey D White; Agneta Siegbahn; Lars Wallentin; Ziad Hijazi,10.1016/j.ahj.2020.12.016,"Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",bmi,True,Maria Tomasdottir et al. (2021). Risk markers of incident atrial fibrillation in patients with coronary heart disease. American heart journal.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33400910/
34171133,Secondary prevention of coronary heart disease: The effect of a nursing intervention using Cox's interaction model of client health behaviour.,"Secondary prevention of coronary heart disease is of utmost importance to facilitate people to achieve health outcomes and behaviours. This study was to investigate the effect of a nursing intervention based on Cox's interaction model of client health behaviour to improve health outcomes and behaviours of secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. This study is a cluster randomised controlled trial. Participants were recruited between August and November 2019 in two community settings in Hengyang city, Hunan province, China. Participants in the intervention group received a nursing intervention based on Cox's interaction model of client health behaviour and routine health education, while those in the control group received routine health education only. The outcome variables included self-management, physical activity, medication compliance, anxiety, sexual knowledge, the ability to identify sexual health education needs, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The influential statistical tests applied to analyse the data included χ Seventy-seven participants completed this study. Compared with the control group (n = 40), the intervention group (n = 37) showed statistically significant better health outcomes and behaviours regarding self-management, physical activity (except for high energy consumption), medication compliance, anxiety, sexual knowledge, the ability to identify sexual health education needs, systolic blood pressure, BMI, and LDL-C. However, there was no statistically significant difference in diastolic blood pressure and high energy consumption for physical activity. A well-developed nursing intervention based on Cox's interaction model of client health behaviour could successfully improve health outcomes and behaviours of secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Such an intervention may be incorporated into community healthcare practice by nurses to improve patient care. This study provides a valuable insight to facilitate further development of effective nursing interventions to improve secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in community settings.",Journal of advanced nursing,2021,Qianqian Shen; Pingping He; Min Wen; Juping Yu; Yeshi Chen; Junyi Li; Xinping Ouyang,10.1111/jan.14930,Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial,bmi,True,Qianqian Shen et al. (2021). Secondary prevention of coronary heart disease: The effect of a nursing intervention using Cox's interaction model of client health behaviour. Journal of advanced nursing.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34171133/
33196606,Acute Running and Coronary Heart Disease Risk Markers in Male Cigarette Smokers and Nonsmokers: A Randomized Crossover Trial.,"Cigarette smoking is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease and is associated with impaired postprandial metabolism. Acute exercise reduces postprandial lipemia and improves other coronary heart disease risk markers in nonsmokers. Less is known about responses in cigarette smokers. Twelve male cigarette smokers (mean ± SD; age = 23 ± 4 yr, body mass index = 24.9 ± 3.0 kg·m-2) and 12 male nonsmokers (age = 24 ± 4 yr, body mass index = 24.1 ± 2.0 kg·m-2) completed two, 2-d conditions (control and exercise) in a randomized crossover design. On day 1, participants rested for 9 h (0800-1700) in both conditions except a 60-min treadmill run (65% ± 7% peak oxygen uptake, 2.87 ± 0.54 MJ) was completed between 6.5 and 7.5 h (1430-1530) in the exercise condition. On day 2 of both conditions, participants rested and consumed two high-fat meals over 8 h (0900-1700) during which 13 venous blood samples and nine resting arterial blood pressure measurements were collected. Smokers exhibited higher postprandial triacylglycerol and C-reactive protein than nonsmokers (main effect group effect size [Cohen's d] ≥ 0.94, P ≤ 0.034). Previous day running reduced postprandial triacylglycerol, insulin, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (main effect condition d ≥ 0.28, P ≤ 0.044) and elevated postprandial nonesterified fatty acid and C-reactive protein (main effect condition d ≥ 0.41, P ≤ 0.044). Group-condition interactions were not apparent for any outcome across the total postprandial period (0-8 h; all P ≥ 0.089), but the exercise-induced reduction in postprandial triacylglycerol in the early postprandial period (0-4 h) was greater in nonsmokers than smokers (-21%, d = 0.43, vs -5%, d = 0.16, respectively; group-condition interaction P = 0.061). Acute moderate-intensity running reduced postprandial triacylglycerol, insulin, and resting arterial blood pressure the day after exercise in male cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. These findings highlight the ability of acute exercise to augment the postprandial metabolic health of cigarette smokers and nonsmokers.",Medicine and science in sports and exercise,2021,Tareq F Alotaibi; Alice E Thackray; Matthew J Roberts; Turki M Alanazi; Nicolette C Bishop; Alex J Wadley; James A King; Emma O'Donnell; Michael C Steiner; Sally J Singh; David J Stensel,10.1249/MSS.0000000000002560,"Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,True,Tareq F Alotaibi et al. (2021). Acute Running and Coronary Heart Disease Risk Markers in Male Cigarette Smokers and Nonsmokers: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Medicine and science in sports and exercise.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33196606/
33199670,Impact of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases on the severity of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"We examined the effects of coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension and diabetes on the development of severe COVID-19. We performed a comprehensive, systematic literature search for studies published between December 2019 and July 5, 2020 in five databases. The prevalence of severe COVID-19 in patients with CHD, hypertension and diabetes was evaluated through a meta-analysis. Thirty-five articles with 8,170 patients were included, and all the available studies were case series. The pooled odds ratio for the development of severe COVID-19 was 3.21 for patients with CHD (fixed-effects model, 95% CI: 2.58-3.99), 2.27 for patients with hypertension (random-effects model, 95% CI: 1.79-2.90) and 2.34 for patients with diabetes (random-effects model, 95% CI: 1.79-3.05). The heterogeneity of the studies was moderate for the effect of CHD on COVID-19 severity, but was high for the effects of diabetes and hypertension. Funnel plots and Egger's tests revealed no publication bias in the CHD and hypertension analyses, but suggested publication bias in the diabetes analysis. This bias was corrected using the trim-and-fill method, and was ultimately found to have no effect on the results. Our findings suggest patients with CHD, hypertension and diabetes are at greater risk for developing severe COVID-19 than those without these conditions.",Aging,2020,Meng Meng; Qianwen Zhao; Rahul Kumar; Chen Bai; Yunlei Deng; Bo Wan,10.18632/aging.103991,"Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Systematic Review",diabetes,True,Meng Meng et al. (2020). Impact of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases on the severity of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33199670/
32595027,Impact of technology-based patient education on modifiable cardiovascular risk factors of people with coronary heart disease: A systematic review.,"To collect evidence on what types of technology and content are most effective in helping people with coronary heart disease (CHD) to change their modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. A literature search was performed to find relevant studies published between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2018 in PubMed, CINAHL, PROQUEST and Scopus databases. Selected outcomes were risk factors (exercise, diet, blood pressure, blood sugar, cholesterol, body mass index, tobacco use). The quality of the studies was evaluated according to Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers Manual Checklists for risk for bias, TIDieR for quality of interventions, and PRISMA statement for presenting results. Eighteen quantitative (17 RCT´s and one quasi-experimental) studies were included. Patient education delivered through telephone, text messaging, webpages, and smartphone applications resulted in significant changes in some risk factors of people with CHD. Sufficient descriptions of the content and intervention methods were lacking. Patient education delivered with technology can help people with CHD to modify their risk factors. There is a need for better descriptions of the content and delivery of educational interventions in studies. Patient education needs to be delivered with technological solutions that best support the multidimensional needs of CHD patients.",Patient education and counseling,2020,Hulda Halldorsdottir; Asta Thoroddsen; Brynja Ingadottir,10.1016/j.pec.2020.05.027,Journal Article; Systematic Review,bmi,True,Hulda Halldorsdottir et al. (2020). Impact of technology-based patient education on modifiable cardiovascular risk factors of people with coronary heart disease: A systematic review. Patient education and counseling.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32595027/
30971107,Biomarkers of Dietary Omega-6 Fatty Acids and Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality.,"Global dietary recommendations for and cardiovascular effects of linoleic acid, the major dietary omega-6 fatty acid, and its major metabolite, arachidonic acid, remain controversial. To address this uncertainty and inform international recommendations, we evaluated how in vivo circulating and tissue levels of linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) relate to incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) across multiple international studies. We performed harmonized, de novo, individual-level analyses in a global consortium of 30 prospective observational studies from 13 countries. Multivariable-adjusted associations of circulating and adipose tissue LA and AA biomarkers with incident total CVD and subtypes (coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, cardiovascular mortality) were investigated according to a prespecified analytic plan. Levels of LA and AA, measured as the percentage of total fatty acids, were evaluated linearly according to their interquintile range (ie, the range between the midpoint of the first and fifth quintiles), and categorically by quintiles. Study-specific results were pooled using inverse-variance-weighted meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was explored by age, sex, race, diabetes mellitus, statin use, aspirin use, omega-3 levels, and fatty acid desaturase 1 genotype (when available). In 30 prospective studies with medians of follow-up ranging 2.5 to 31.9 years, 15 198 incident cardiovascular events occurred among 68 659 participants. Higher levels of LA were significantly associated with lower risks of total CVD, cardiovascular mortality, and ischemic stroke, with hazard ratios per interquintile range of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.88-0.99), 0.78 (0.70-0.85), and 0.88 (0.79-0.98), respectively, and nonsignificantly with lower coronary heart disease risk (0.94; 0.88-1.00). Relationships were similar for LA evaluated across quintiles. AA levels were not associated with higher risk of cardiovascular outcomes; in a comparison of extreme quintiles, higher levels were associated with lower risk of total CVD (0.92; 0.86-0.99). No consistent heterogeneity by population subgroups was identified in the observed relationships. In pooled global analyses, higher in vivo circulating and tissue levels of LA and possibly AA were associated with lower risk of major cardiovascular events. These results support a favorable role for LA in CVD prevention.",Circulation,2019,Matti Marklund; Jason H Y Wu; Fumiaki Imamura; Liana C Del Gobbo; Amanda Fretts; Janette de Goede; Peilin Shi; Nathan Tintle; Maria Wennberg; Stella Aslibekyan; Tzu-An Chen; Marcia C de Oliveira Otto; Yoichiro Hirakawa; Helle Højmark Eriksen; Janine Kröger; Federica Laguzzi; Maria Lankinen; Rachel A Murphy; Kiesha Prem; Cécilia Samieri; Jyrki Virtanen; Alexis C Wood; Kerry Wong; Wei-Sin Yang; Xia Zhou; Ana Baylin; Jolanda M A Boer; Ingeborg A Brouwer; Hannia Campos; Paulo H M Chaves; Kuo-Liong Chien; Ulf de Faire; Luc Djoussé; Gudny Eiriksdottir; Naglaa El-Abbadi; Nita G Forouhi; J Michael Gaziano; Johanna M Geleijnse; Bruna Gigante; Graham Giles; Eliseo Guallar; Vilmundur Gudnason; Tamara Harris; William S Harris; Catherine Helmer; Mai-Lis Hellenius; Allison Hodge; Frank B Hu; Paul F Jacques; Jan-Håkan Jansson; Anya Kalsbeek; Kay-Tee Khaw; Woon-Puay Koh; Markku Laakso; Karin Leander; Hung-Ju Lin; Lars Lind; Robert Luben; Juhua Luo; Barbara McKnight; Jaakko Mursu; Toshiharu Ninomiya; Kim Overvad; Bruce M Psaty; Eric Rimm; Matthias B Schulze; David Siscovick; Michael Skjelbo Nielsen; Albert V Smith; Brian T Steffen; Lyn Steffen; Qi Sun; Johan Sundström; Michael Y Tsai; Hugh Tunstall-Pedoe; Matti I J Uusitupa; Rob M van Dam; Jenna Veenstra; W M Monique Verschuren; Nick Wareham; Walter Willett; Mark Woodward; Jian-Min Yuan; Renata Micha; Rozenn N Lemaitre; Dariush Mozaffarian; Ulf Risérus,10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038908,"Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,True,Matti Marklund et al. (2019). Biomarkers of Dietary Omega-6 Fatty Acids and Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality. Circulation.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30971107/
30928969,Effect of communicating phenotypic and genetic risk of coronary heart disease alongside web-based lifestyle advice: the INFORM Randomised Controlled Trial.,"To determine whether provision of web-based lifestyle advice and coronary heart disease risk information either based on phenotypic characteristics or phenotypic plus genetic characteristics affects changes in objectively measured health behaviours. A parallel-group, open randomised trial including 956 male and female blood donors with no history of cardiovascular disease (mean [SD] age=56.7 [8.8] years) randomised to four study groups: control group (no information provided); web-based lifestyle advice only (lifestyle group); lifestyle advice plus information on estimated 10-year coronary heart disease risk based on phenotypic characteristics (phenotypic risk estimate) (phenotypic group) and lifestyle advice plus information on estimated 10-year coronary heart disease risk based on phenotypic (phenotypic risk estimate) and genetic characteristics (genetic risk estimate) (genetic group). The primary outcome was change in physical activity from baseline to 12 weeks assessed by wrist-worn accelerometer. 928 (97.1%) participants completed the trial. There was no evidence of intervention effects on physical activity (difference in adjusted mean change from baseline): lifestyle group vs control group 0.09 milligravity (mg) (95% CI -1.15 to 1.33); genetic group vs phenotypic group -0.33 mg (95% CI -1.55 to 0.90); phenotypic group and genetic group vs control group -0.52 mg (95% CI -1.59 to 0.55) and vs lifestyle group -0.61 mg (95% CI -1.67 to 0.46). There was no evidence of intervention effects on secondary biological, emotional and health-related behavioural outcomes except self-reported fruit and vegetable intake. Provision of risk information, whether based on phenotypic or genotypic characteristics, alongside web-based lifestyle advice did not importantly affect objectively measured levels of physical activity, other health-related behaviours, biological risk factors or emotional well-being. ISRCTN17721237; Pre-results.",Heart (British Cardiac Society),2019,Barbora Silarova; Stephen Sharp; Juliet A Usher-Smith; Joanne Lucas; Rupert A Payne; Guy Shefer; Carmel Moore; Christine Girling; Kathryn Lawrence; Zoe Tolkien; Matthew Walker; Adam Butterworth; Emanuele Di Angelantonio; John Danesh; Simon J Griffin,10.1136/heartjnl-2018-314211,"Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,True,Barbora Silarova et al. (2019). Effect of communicating phenotypic and genetic risk of coronary heart disease alongside web-based lifestyle advice: the INFORM Randomised Controlled Trial. Heart (British Cardiac Society).,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30928969/
29367388,Low cigarette consumption and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: meta-analysis of 141 cohort studies in 55 study reports.,"To use the relation between cigarette consumption and cardiovascular disease to quantify the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke for light smoking (one to five cigarettes/day). Systematic review and meta-analysis. Medline 1946 to May 2015, with manual searches of references. Prospective cohort studies with at least 50 events, reporting hazard ratios or relative risks (both hereafter referred to as relative risk) compared with never smokers or age specific incidence in relation to risk of coronary heart disease or stroke. MOOSE guidelines were followed. For each study, the relative risk was estimated for smoking one, five, or 20 cigarettes per day by using regression modelling between risk and cigarette consumption. Relative risks were adjusted for at least age and often additional confounders. The main measure was the excess relative risk for smoking one cigarette per day (RR The meta-analysis included 55 publications containing 141 cohort studies. Among men, the pooled relative risk for coronary heart disease was 1.48 for smoking one cigarette per day and 2.04 for 20 cigarettes per day, using all studies, but 1.74 and 2.27 among studies in which the relative risk had been adjusted for multiple confounders. Among women, the pooled relative risks were 1.57 and 2.84 for one and 20 cigarettes per day (or 2.19 and 3.95 using relative risks adjusted for multiple factors). Men who smoked one cigarette per day had 46% of the excess relative risk for smoking 20 cigarettes per day (53% using relative risks adjusted for multiple factors), and women had 31% of the excess risk (38% using relative risks adjusted for multiple factors). For stroke, the pooled relative risks for men were 1.25 and 1.64 for smoking one or 20 cigarettes per day (1.30 and 1.56 using relative risks adjusted for multiple factors). In women, the pooled relative risks were 1.31 and 2.16 for smoking one or 20 cigarettes per day (1.46 and 2.42 using relative risks adjusted for multiple factors). The excess risk for stroke associated with one cigarette per day (in relation to 20 cigarettes per day) was 41% for men and 34% for women (or 64% and 36% using relative risks adjusted for multiple factors). Relative risks were generally higher among women than men. Smoking only about one cigarette per day carries a risk of developing coronary heart disease and stroke much greater than expected: around half that for people who smoke 20 per day. No safe level of smoking exists for cardiovascular disease. Smokers should aim to quit instead of cutting down to significantly reduce their risk of these two common major disorders.",BMJ (Clinical research ed.),2018,Allan Hackshaw; Joan K Morris; Sadie Boniface; Jin-Ling Tang; Dušan Milenković,10.1136/bmj.j5855,"Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Systematic Review",smoking,True,Allan Hackshaw et al. (2018). Low cigarette consumption and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: meta-analysis of 141 cohort studies in 55 study reports. BMJ (Clinical research ed.).,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29367388/
29417317,Tobacco smoking and the risk of sudden cardiac death: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.,"Smoking is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease including coronary heart disease and stroke, however, data regarding smoking and sudden cardiac death have not been summarized in a meta-analysis previously. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify this association. We searched the PubMed and Embase databases for studies of smoking and sudden cardiac death up to July 20th 2017. Prospective studies were included if they reported adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for smoking and sudden cardiac death. Summary RRs were estimated by use of a random effects model. Twelve prospective studies were included. The summary RR was 3.06 (95% CI 2.46-3.82, I",European journal of epidemiology,2018,Dagfinn Aune; Sabrina Schlesinger; Teresa Norat; Elio Riboli,10.1007/s10654-017-0351-y,Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Systematic Review,smoking,True,Dagfinn Aune et al. (2018). Tobacco smoking and the risk of sudden cardiac death: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. European journal of epidemiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29417317/
30406514,Dairy Consumption and Cardiometabolic Diseases: Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analyses of Prospective Cohort Studies.,"Dairy products contain both beneficial and harmful nutrients in relation to cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we provide the latest scientific evidence regarding the relationship between dairy products and cardiometabolic diseases by reviewing the literature and updating meta-analyses of observational studies. We updated our previous meta-analyses of cohort studies on type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke with nine studies and confirmed previous results. Total dairy and low-fat dairy (per 200 g/d) were inversely associated with a 3-4% lower risk of diabetes. Yogurt was non-linearly inversely associated with diabetes (RR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.83-0.90 at 80 g/d). Total dairy and milk were not associated with CHD (RR~1.0). An increment of 200 g of daily milk intake was associated with an 8% lower risk of stroke. The latest scientific evidence confirmed neutral or beneficial associations between dairy products and risk of cardiometabolic diseases.",Current nutrition reports,2018,Sabita S Soedamah-Muthu; Janette de Goede,10.1007/s13668-018-0253-y,Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Systematic Review,diabetes,True,Sabita S Soedamah-Muthu et al. (2018). Dairy Consumption and Cardiometabolic Diseases: Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analyses of Prospective Cohort Studies. Current nutrition reports.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30406514/
30011385,Event simulation and external validation applied in published health economic models for obesity: a systematic review.,"This study aims to determine methodological variations in the event simulation approaches of published health economic decision models, in the field of obesity, and to investigate whether their predictiveness and validity were investigated via external event validation techniques, which investigate how well the model reproduces reality. A systematic review identified a total of 87 relevant papers, of which 72 that simulated obesity-associated events were included. Most frequently simulated events were coronary heart disease (≈ 83%), type 2 diabetes (≈ 74%), and stroke (≈ 66%). Only for ten published model-based health economic assessments in obesity an external event validation was performed (14%; 10 of 72), and only for one the predictiveness and validity of the event simulation was investigated in a cohort of obese subjects. We identified a wide range of obesity related event simulation approaches. Published obesity models lack information on the predictive quality and validity of the applied event simulation approaches. Further work on comparing and validating these event simulation approaches is required to investigate their predictiveness and validity, which will offer guidance future modelling in the field of obesity.",Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research,2018,Bjoern Schwander; Mark Nuijten; Mickaël Hiligsmann; Silvia M A A Evers,10.1080/14737167.2018.1501680,Journal Article; Systematic Review,diabetes,True,Bjoern Schwander et al. (2018). Event simulation and external validation applied in published health economic models for obesity: a systematic review. Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30011385/
29617535,Association of Methylation Signals With Incident Coronary Heart Disease in an Epigenome-Wide Assessment of Circulating Tumor Necrosis Factor α.,"Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine with manifold consequences for mammalian pathophysiology, including cardiovascular disease. A deeper understanding of TNF-α biology may enhance treatment precision. To conduct an epigenome-wide analysis of blood-derived DNA methylation and TNF-α levels and to assess the clinical relevance of findings. This meta-analysis assessed epigenome-wide associations in circulating TNF-α concentrations from 5 cohort studies and 1 interventional trial, with replication in 3 additional cohort studies. Follow-up analyses investigated associations of identified methylation loci with gene expression and incident coronary heart disease; this meta-analysis included 11 461 participants who experienced 1895 coronary events. Circulating TNF-α concentration. DNA methylation at approximately 450 000 loci, neighboring DNA sequence variation, gene expression, and incident coronary heart disease. The discovery cohort included 4794 participants, and the replication study included 816 participants (overall mean [SD] age, 60.7 [8.5] years). In the discovery stage, circulating TNF-α levels were associated with methylation of 7 cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites, 3 of which were located in or near DTX3L-PARP9 at cg00959259 (β [SE] = -0.01 [0.003]; P = 7.36 × 10-8), cg08122652 (β [SE] = -0.008 [0.002]; P = 2.24 × 10-7), and cg22930808(β [SE] = -0.01 [0.002]; P = 6.92 × 10-8); NLRC5 at cg16411857 (β [SE] = -0.01 [0.002]; P = 2.14 × 10-13) and cg07839457 (β [SE] = -0.02 [0.003]; P = 6.31 × 10-10); or ABO, at cg13683939 (β [SE] = 0.04 [0.008]; P = 1.42 × 10-7) and cg24267699 (β [SE] = -0.009 [0.002]; P = 1.67 × 10-7), after accounting for multiple testing. Of these, negative associations between TNF-α concentration and methylation of 2 loci in NLRC5 and 1 in DTX3L-14 PARP9 were replicated. Replicated TNF-α-linked CpG sites were associated with 9% to 19% decreased risk of incident coronary heart disease per 10% higher methylation per CpG site (cg16411857: hazard ratio [HR], 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78-1.95; P = .003; cg07839457: HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80-0.94; P = 3.1 × 10-5; cg00959259: HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84-0.97; P = .002; cg08122652: HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.74-0.89; P = 2.0 × 10-5). We identified and replicated novel epigenetic correlates of circulating TNF-α concentration in blood samples and linked these loci to coronary heart disease risk, opening opportunities for validation and therapeutic applications.",JAMA cardiology,2018,Stella Aslibekyan; Golareh Agha; Elena Colicino; Anh N Do; Jari Lahti; Symen Ligthart; Riccardo E Marioni; Carola Marzi; Michael M Mendelson; Toshiko Tanaka; Matthias Wielscher; Devin M Absher; Luigi Ferrucci; Oscar H Franco; Christian Gieger; Harald Grallert; Dena Hernandez; Tianxiao Huan; Stella Iurato; Roby Joehanes; Allan C Just; Sonja Kunze; Honghuang Lin; Chunyu Liu; James B Meigs; Joyce B J van Meurs; Ann Zenobia Moore; Annette Peters; Holger Prokisch; Katri Räikkönen; Wolfgang Rathmann; Michael Roden; Katharina Schramm; Joel D Schwartz; John M Starr; André G Uitterlinden; Pantel Vokonas; Melanie Waldenberger; Chen Yao; Degui Zhi; Andrea A Baccarelli; Stefania Bandinelli; Ian J Deary; Abbas Dehghan; Johan Eriksson; Christian Herder; Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin; Daniel Levy; Donna K Arnett,10.1001/jamacardio.2018.0510,"Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.",age,True,Stella Aslibekyan et al. (2018). Association of Methylation Signals With Incident Coronary Heart Disease in an Epigenome-Wide Assessment of Circulating Tumor Necrosis Factor α. JAMA cardiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29617535/
29739677,Soy isoflavones improve cardiovascular disease risk markers in women during the early menopause.,"Hormone replacement therapy may be beneficial for cardiovascular disease risk (CVR) in post-menopausal women. Soy isoflavones may act as selective estrogen receptor modulators. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether soy isoflavones had an effect on CVR markers. The expected 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality were calculated as a secondary endpoint from a double blind randomised parallel study involving 200 women (mean age 55 years, Caucasian, Hull, UK, 2012) in the early menopause who were randomised to 15 g soy protein with 66 mg isoflavone (SPI) or 15 g soy protein alone (depleted of all isoflavones; SP) given as a snack bar between meals daily for 6 months. Age, diabetes, smoking, blood pressure and lipid profiles were used to calculate CVR using the Framingham CVR engine. SPI treatment resulted in a significant reduction in the metabolic parameters and systolic blood pressure compared to SP (p < 0.01). There were no changes in fasting lipid profile and diastolic blood pressure with either treatment. At 6 months, changes in these parameters with SPI treatment were reflected in a calculated 27% (p < 0.01) reduction in 10 year coronary heart disease risk, a 37% (p < 0.01) reduction in myocardial infarction risk, a 24% (p < 0.04) reduction in cardiovascular disease and 42% (p < 0.02) reduction in cardiovascular disease death risk. Supplementation with soy protein with isoflavones for 6 months significantly improved CVR markers and calculated CVR at 6 months during early menopause compared to soy protein without isoflavones. ISRCTN34051237.","Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD",2018,T Sathyapalan; M Aye; A S Rigby; N J Thatcher; S R Dargham; E S Kilpatrick; S L Atkin,10.1016/j.numecd.2018.03.007,"Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,True,"T Sathyapalan et al. (2018). Soy isoflavones improve cardiovascular disease risk markers in women during the early menopause. Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29739677/
29335319,Preterm Delivery and Future Risk of Maternal Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.,"Preterm delivery (<37 weeks gestational age) affects 11% of all pregnancies, but data are conflicting whether preterm birth is associated with long-term adverse maternal cardiovascular outcomes. We aimed to systematically evaluate and summarize the evidence on the relationship between preterm birth and future maternal risk of cardiovascular diseases. A systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed to identify relevant studies that evaluated the association between preterm birth and future maternal risk of composite cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, stroke, and death caused by cardiovascular or coronary heart disease and stroke. We quantified the associations using random effects meta-analysis. Twenty-one studies with over 5.8 million women, including over 338 000 women with previous preterm deliveries, were identified. Meta-analysis of studies that adjusted for potential confounders showed that preterm birth was associated with an increased risk of maternal future cardiovascular disease (risk ratio [RR] 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18, 1.72), cardiovascular disease death (RR 1.78, 95% CI, 1.42, 2.21), coronary heart disease (RR 1.49, 95% CI, 1.38, 1.60), coronary heart disease death (RR 2.10, 95% CI, 1.87, 2.36), and stroke (RR 1.65, 95% CI, 1.51, 1.79). Sensitivity analysis showed that the highest risks occurred when the preterm deliveries occurred before 32 weeks gestation or were medically indicated. Preterm delivery is associated with an increase in future maternal adverse cardiovascular outcomes, including a 2-fold increase in deaths caused by coronary heart disease. These findings support the assessment of preterm delivery in cardiovascular risk assessment in women.",Journal of the American Heart Association,2018,Pensée Wu; Martha Gulati; Chun Shing Kwok; Chun Wai Wong; Aditya Narain; Shaughn O'Brien; Carolyn A Chew-Graham; Ganga Verma; Umesh T Kadam; Mamas A Mamas,10.1161/JAHA.117.007809,"Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Systematic Review",age,True,Pensée Wu et al. (2018). Preterm Delivery and Future Risk of Maternal Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of the American Heart Association.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29335319/
27686690,"Glutathione S-Transferase T1 (GSTT1) Null Polymorphism, Smoking, and Their Interaction in Coronary Heart Disease: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis.","The association between glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) null polymorphism and coronary heart disease (CHD) is inconsistent among studies, and data on the GSTT1 null genotype-smoking interplay in CHD is lacking. We conducted this meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between GSTT1 null polymorphism and CHD and to assess the potential interaction between GSTT1 null genotype and smoking. PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched up to 27 January 2016 using the appropriate terms. Odds ratios were pooled using either fixed-effects or random-effects models. Twenty-nine articles including 31 studies with 15,004 cases and 35,597 controls were eligible. The random-effects model showed that the GSTT1 null genotype was associated with increased CHD risk (OR=1.213, 95%CI: 1.004-1.467; I This meta-analysis suggests that GSTT1 null polymorphism is associated with the risk of CHD. To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to prove a positive effect of the interaction between GSTT1 null genotype and smoking status on the risk of CHD. Future studies with detailed individual information are needed to confirm our findings.","Heart, lung & circulation",2017,Yadong Song; Zhilei Shan; Cheng Luo; Cuixin Kang; Yong Yang; Ping He; Shoudao Li; Liangkai Chen; Xiaoming Jiang; Liegang Liu,10.1016/j.hlc.2016.07.005,Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review,smoking,True,"Yadong Song et al. (2017). Glutathione S-Transferase T1 (GSTT1) Null Polymorphism, Smoking, and Their Interaction in Coronary Heart Disease: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis. Heart, lung & circulation.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27686690/
28671591,"Chocolate Consumption and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke, and Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies.","Although epidemiological studies have examined the role of chocolate in preventing cardiometabolic disease, the results remain inconsistent. Herein, we conducted a meta-analysis of prospective studies to determine the association between chocolate intake and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and diabetes. A systematical search in PubMed and Embase through March 2017, together with reference scrutiny of relevant literatures, was performed to identify eligible studies. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random effect models. Fourteen prospective studies of primary prevention with 508,705 participants were finally included, with follow-up durations ranging from 5 to 16 years. The summary RRs for the highest versus lowest chocolate consumption were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.82-0.97;",Nutrients,2017,Sheng Yuan; Xia Li; Yalei Jin; Jinping Lu,10.3390/nu9070688,Journal Article; Meta-Analysis,diabetes,True,"Sheng Yuan et al. (2017). Chocolate Consumption and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke, and Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. Nutrients.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28671591/
28476766,Effect of Long-Term Metformin and Lifestyle in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Its Outcome Study on Coronary Artery Calcium.,"Despite the reduced incidence of coronary heart disease with intensive risk factor management, people with diabetes mellitus and prediabetes remain at increased coronary heart disease risk. Diabetes prevention interventions may be needed to reduce coronary heart disease risk. This approach was examined in the DPP (Diabetes Prevention Program) and the DPPOS (Diabetes Prevention Program Outcome Study), a long-term intervention study in 3234 subjects with prediabetes (mean±SD age, 64±10 years) that showed reduced diabetes risk with lifestyle and metformin compared with placebo over 3.2 years. The DPPOS offered periodic group lifestyle sessions to all participants and continued metformin in the originally randomized metformin group. Subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed in 2029 participants with coronary artery calcium (CAC) measurements after an average of 14 years of follow-up. The CAC scores were analyzed continuously as CAC severity and categorically as CAC presence (CAC score >0) and reported separately in men and women. There were no CAC differences between lifestyle and placebo intervention groups in either sex. CAC severity and presence were significantly lower among men in the metformin versus the placebo group (age-adjusted mean CAC severity, 39.5 versus 66.9 Agatston units, Metformin may protect against coronary atherosclerosis in prediabetes and early diabetes mellitus among men. URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00038727.",Circulation,2017,Ronald B Goldberg; Vanita R Aroda; David A Bluemke; Elizabeth Barrett-Connor; Matthew Budoff; Jill P Crandall; Dana Dabelea; Edward S Horton; Kieren J Mather; Trevor J Orchard; David Schade; Karol Watson; Marinella Temprosa,10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025483,Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial,age,True,Ronald B Goldberg et al. (2017). Effect of Long-Term Metformin and Lifestyle in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Its Outcome Study on Coronary Artery Calcium. Circulation.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28476766/
27655226,Genomic prediction of coronary heart disease.,"Genetics plays an important role in coronary heart disease (CHD) but the clinical utility of genomic risk scores (GRSs) relative to clinical risk scores, such as the Framingham Risk Score (FRS), is unclear. Our aim was to construct and externally validate a CHD GRS, in terms of lifetime CHD risk and relative to traditional clinical risk scores. We generated a GRS of 49 310 SNPs based on a CARDIoGRAMplusC4D Consortium meta-analysis of CHD, then independently tested it using five prospective population cohorts (three FINRISK cohorts, combined n = 12 676, 757 incident CHD events; two Framingham Heart Study cohorts (FHS), combined n = 3406, 587 incident CHD events). The GRS was associated with incident CHD (FINRISK HR = 1.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.61-1.86 per S.D. of GRS; Framingham HR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.18-1.38), and was largely unchanged by adjustment for known risk factors, including family history. Integration of the GRS with the FRS or ACC/AHA13 scores improved the 10 years risk prediction (meta-analysis C-index: +1.5-1.6%, P < 0.001), particularly for individuals ≥60 years old (meta-analysis C-index: +4.6-5.1%, P < 0.001). Importantly, the GRS captured substantially different trajectories of absolute risk, with men in the top 20% of attaining 10% cumulative CHD risk 12-18 y earlier than those in the bottom 20%. High genomic risk was partially compensated for by low systolic blood pressure, low cholesterol level, and non-smoking. A GRS based on a large number of SNPs improves CHD risk prediction and encodes different trajectories of lifetime risk not captured by traditional clinical risk scores.",European heart journal,2016,Gad Abraham; Aki S Havulinna; Oneil G Bhalala; Sean G Byars; Alysha M De Livera; Laxman Yetukuri; Emmi Tikkanen; Markus Perola; Heribert Schunkert; Eric J Sijbrands; Aarno Palotie; Nilesh J Samani; Veikko Salomaa; Samuli Ripatti; Michael Inouye,10.1093/eurheartj/ehw450,Journal Article; Meta-Analysis,smoking,True,Gad Abraham et al. (2016). Genomic prediction of coronary heart disease. European heart journal.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27655226/
26568591,Optimal Monitoring For Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review.,"Premature coronary heart disease (CHD) significantly affects morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Several studies have detected factors influencing the atherosclerotic process, as well as methods to quantify the atherosclerotic burden in subclinical stages. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the minimum investigations to optimally monitor CHD risk in SLE. English-restricted literature review was performed using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines through Ovid Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central databases, from inception until May 2014 (Medline until October 2014). Specific search terms included, among others, ""SLE,"" ""atherosclerosis,"" ""CHD,"" ""myocardial ischemia,"" ""acute coronary syndrome,"" ""myocardial infarction,"" and ""angina pectoris."" We identified 101 eligible articles, 23 with cardiovascular events (CVE) as endpoints and 78 with measures of subclinical atherosclerosis. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used for quality assessment. Certain traditional and disease-specific factors were identified as independent predictors for CHD. Among the former were age (particularly postmenopausal state), male sex, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and smoking. Disease activity and duration, cumulative damage, antiphospholipid antibodies, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and renal disease were the most consistent disease-related factors. Corticosteroids were linked to increased CHD risk whereas antimalarials were protective. Concerning imaging techniques, carotid ultrasonography (intima-media thickness and plaque) was shown to independently predict CVE. Premature CHD in SLE is multifactorial; modifiable variables should be monitored at frequent intervals to ensure prompt management. Disease-specific factors also affect the atherogenic process and should be evaluated regularly. Carotid ultrasonography may hold promise in predicting CVE in selected high-risk patients.",The Journal of rheumatology,2016,Konstantinos Tselios; Barry J Sheane; Dafna D Gladman; Murray B Urowitz,10.3899/jrheum.150460,Journal Article; Systematic Review,age; smoking,True,Konstantinos Tselios et al. (2016). Optimal Monitoring For Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review. The Journal of rheumatology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26568591/
26438648,Is There any Gender Difference for Smoking Persistence or Relapse Following Diagnosis or Hospitalization for Coronary Heart Disease? Evidence From a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.,"Persistent smoking in patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease (CHD) has a significant effect on morbidity and mortality. Although there has been considerable debate around gender differences in smoking cessation, conclusive evidence on how gender impacts rates of smoking cessation and/or relapse following CHD diagnosis is lacking. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that female smokers with CHD were more likely to persist in smoking or relapse post-diagnosis or hospitalization than male smokers. We searched PubMed and Web of Science databases for studies published in the last 10 years. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random effects model. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The aggregated sample size was 36 591, 20 617 (56%) were smokers of which 2564 (12%) were female. Meta-analyses of eight studies where smoking prevalence could be measured, showed that females were less likely to be smokers at baseline than males (OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.13 to 0.70). Overall, one in two (47%) smokers persisted in smoking/relapsed following a diagnosis or hospitalization for CHD; but there was no gender difference in the rate of persistent smoking/relapse (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.95 to 1.21). Female smokers with CHD were relatively uncommon in the included study populations. However, the rate of persistent smoking/relapse was high in both female and male smokers following a diagnosis or hospitalization for CHD. Therefore similar, sustained smoking cessation efforts are warranted for both genders. There was no gender difference for persistent smoking/relapse following a diagnosis or hospitalization for CHD, but the rate was high in both female and male smokers. Therefore, similar, sustained smoking cessation efforts are warranted for both genders.",Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco,2016,Muhammad Aziz Rahman; Karen-Leigh Edward; Laura Montgomery; Samantha McEvedy; Andrew Wilson; Linda Worrall-Carter,10.1093/ntr/ntv222,Journal Article; Systematic Review,smoking,True,Muhammad Aziz Rahman et al. (2016). Is There any Gender Difference for Smoking Persistence or Relapse Following Diagnosis or Hospitalization for Coronary Heart Disease? Evidence From a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26438648/
27016614,Total cholesterol as a risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke in women compared with men: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Raised total cholesterol is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). It remains unknown whether sex differences exist in the relationship between total cholesterol and CVD outcomes. PubMed was searched in December 2014 for cohort studies reporting on the relationship between total cholesterol and coronary heart disease (CHD) and total stroke, separately in men and women. Random effects meta-analyses with inverse variance weighting were used to obtain adjusted pooled sex-specific relative risks (RR) and women-to-men ratio of RRs (RRRs). Data from 97 cohorts, 1,022,276 individuals, and 20,176 CHD and 13,067 stroke cases were included. The pooled RR (95% confidence interval) for CHD associated with a 1-mmol/L increase in total cholesterol was 1.20 (1.16; 1.24) in women and 1.24 (1.20; 1.28) in men, resulting in a RRR of 0.96 (0.93; 0.99). Corresponding RRs for the risk of total stroke were 1.01 (0.98; 1.05) in women, and 1.03 (1.00; 1.05) in men, with a pooled RRR of 0.99 (0.93; 1.04). Pooled RRRs (95% CI) comparing individuals in the highest TC category to those in the lowest, such as the highest versus lowest third, were 0.87 (0.79; 0.96) for CHD and 0.86 (0.76; 0.97) for total stroke. Raised total cholesterol is a strong risk factor for CHD, with evidence of a small, but significantly stronger, effect in men compared to women. Raised total cholesterol had little effect on the risk of total stroke in both sexes.",Atherosclerosis,2016,Sanne A E Peters; Yankuba Singhateh; Diana Mackay; Rachel R Huxley; Mark Woodward,10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.03.016,Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Systematic Review,cholesterol,True,Sanne A E Peters et al. (2016). Total cholesterol as a risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke in women compared with men: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27016614/
26440472,Childhood obesity as a predictor of morbidity in adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Obese children are at higher risk of being obese as adults, and adult obesity is associated with an increased risk of morbidity. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the ability of childhood body mass index (BMI) to predict obesity-related morbidities in adulthood. Thirty-seven studies were included. High childhood BMI was associated with an increased incidence of adult diabetes (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.30-2.22), coronary heart disease (CHD) (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.10-1.31) and a range of cancers, but not stroke or breast cancer. The accuracy of childhood BMI when predicting any adult morbidity was low. Only 31% of future diabetes and 22% of future hypertension and CHD occurred in children aged 12 or over classified as being overweight or obese. Only 20% of all adult cancers occurred in children classified as being overweight or obese. Childhood obesity is associated with moderately increased risks of adult obesity-related morbidity, but the increase in risk is not large enough for childhood BMI to be a good predictor of the incidence of adult morbidities. This is because the majority of adult obesity-related morbidity occurs in adults who were of healthy weight in childhood. Therefore, targeting obesity reduction solely at obese or overweight children may not substantially reduce the overall burden of obesity-related disease in adulthood.",Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity,2016,A Llewellyn; M Simmonds; C G Owen; N Woolacott,10.1111/obr.12316,"Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Systematic Review",bmi,True,A Llewellyn et al. (2016). Childhood obesity as a predictor of morbidity in adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26440472/
26311724,Relation of Smoking With Total Mortality and Cardiovascular Events Among Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.,"The prevalence of smoking in diabetic patients remains high, and reliable quantification of the excess mortality and morbidity risks associated with smoking is important for diabetes management. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to evaluate the relation of active smoking with risk of total mortality and cardiovascular events among diabetic patients. We searched Medline and Embase databases through May 2015, and multivariate-adjusted relative risks were pooled by using random-effects models. A total of 89 cohort studies were included. The pooled adjusted relative risk (95% confidence interval) associated with smoking was 1.55 (1.46-1.64) for total mortality (48 studies with 1,132,700 participants and 109,966 deaths), and 1.49 (1.29-1.71) for cardiovascular mortality (13 studies with 37,550 participants and 3163 deaths). The pooled relative risk (95% confidence interval) was 1.44 (1.34-1.54) for total cardiovascular disease (16 studies), 1.51 (1.41-1.62) for coronary heart disease (21 studies), 1.54 (1.41-1.69) for stroke (15 studies), 2.15 (1.62-2.85) for peripheral arterial disease (3 studies), and 1.43 (1.19-1.72) for heart failure (4 studies). In comparison with never smokers, former smokers were at a moderately elevated risk of total mortality (1.19; 1.11-1.28), cardiovascular mortality (1.15; 1.00-1.32), cardiovascular disease (1.09; 1.05-1.13), and coronary heart disease (1.14; 1.00-1.30), but not for stroke (1.04; 0.87-1.23). Active smoking is associated with significantly increased risks of total mortality and cardiovascular events among diabetic patients, whereas smoking cessation is associated with reduced risks in comparison with current smoking. The findings provide strong evidence for the recommendation of quitting smoking among diabetic patients.",Circulation,2015,An Pan; Yeli Wang; Mohammad Talaei; Frank B Hu,10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017926,"Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Systematic Review",smoking,True,An Pan et al. (2015). Relation of Smoking With Total Mortality and Cardiovascular Events Among Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Circulation.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26311724/
26016847,Adiposity as a cause of cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomization study.,"Adiposity, as indicated by body mass index (BMI), has been associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases in epidemiological studies. We aimed to investigate if these associations are causal, using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. The associations of BMI with cardiovascular outcomes [coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure and ischaemic stroke], and associations of a genetic score (32 BMI single nucleotide polymorphisms) with BMI and cardiovascular outcomes were examined in up to 22,193 individuals with 3062 incident cardiovascular events from nine prospective follow-up studies within the ENGAGE consortium. We used random-effects meta-analysis in an MR framework to provide causal estimates of the effect of adiposity on cardiovascular outcomes. There was a strong association between BMI and incident CHD (HR = 1.20 per SD-increase of BMI, 95% CI, 1.12-1.28, P = 1.9.10(-7)), heart failure (HR = 1.47, 95% CI, 1.35-1.60, P = 9.10(-19)) and ischaemic stroke (HR = 1.15, 95% CI, 1.06-1.24, P = 0.0008) in observational analyses. The genetic score was robustly associated with BMI (β = 0.030 SD-increase of BMI per additional allele, 95% CI, 0.028-0.033, P = 3.10(-107)). Analyses indicated a causal effect of adiposity on development of heart failure (HR = 1.93 per SD-increase of BMI, 95% CI, 1.12-3.30, P = 0.017) and ischaemic stroke (HR = 1.83, 95% CI, 1.05-3.20, P = 0.034). Additional cross-sectional analyses using both ENGAGE and CARDIoGRAMplusC4D data showed a causal effect of adiposity on CHD. Using MR methods, we provide support for the hypothesis that adiposity causes CHD, heart failure and, previously not demonstrated, ischaemic stroke.",International journal of epidemiology,2015,Sara Hägg; Tove Fall; Alexander Ploner; Reedik Mägi; Krista Fischer; Harmen H M Draisma; Mart Kals; Paul S de Vries; Abbas Dehghan; Sara M Willems; Antti-Pekka Sarin; Kati Kristiansson; Marja-Liisa Nuotio; Aki S Havulinna; Renée F A G de Bruijn; M Arfan Ikram; Maris Kuningas; Bruno H Stricker; Oscar H Franco; Beben Benyamin; Christian Gieger; Alistair S Hall; Ville Huikari; Antti Jula; Marjo-Riitta Järvelin; Marika Kaakinen; Jaakko Kaprio; Michael Kobl; Massimo Mangino; Christopher P Nelson; Aarno Palotie; Nilesh J Samani; Tim D Spector; David P Strachan; Martin D Tobin; John B Whitfield; André G Uitterlinden; Veikko Salomaa; Ann-Christine Syvänen; Kari Kuulasmaa; Patrik K Magnusson; Tõnu Esko; Albert Hofman; Eco J C de Geus; Lars Lind; Vilmantas Giedraitis; Markus Perola; Alun Evans; Jean Ferrières; Jarmo Virtamo; Frank Kee; David-Alexandre Tregouet; Dominique Arveiler; Philippe Amouyel; Francesco Gianfagna; Paolo Brambilla; Samuli Ripatti; Cornelia M van Duijn; Andres Metspalu; Inga Prokopenko; Mark I McCarthy; Nancy L Pedersen; Erik Ingelsson,10.1093/ije/dyv094,"Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",bmi,True,Sara Hägg et al. (2015). Adiposity as a cause of cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomization study. International journal of epidemiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26016847/
25993026,Association of the Lipoprotein Receptor SCARB1 Common Missense Variant rs4238001 with Incident Coronary Heart Disease.,"Previous studies in mice and humans have implicated the lipoprotein receptor SCARB1 in association with atherosclerosis and lipid levels. In the current study, we sought to examine association of SCARB1 missense single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4238001 with incident coronary heart disease (CHD). Genotypes for rs4238001 were imputed for 2,319 White, 1,570 African American, and 1,292 Hispanic-American MESA participants using the 1,000 Genomes reference set. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine association of rs4238001 with incident CHD, with adjustments for age, sex, study site, principal components of ancestry, body mass index, diabetes status, serum creatinine, lipid levels, hypertension status, education and smoking exposure. Meta-analysis across race/ethnic groups within MESA showed statistically significant association of the T allele with higher risk of CHD under a consistent and formally adjudicated definition of CHD events in this contemporary cohort study (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.49, 95% CI [1.04, 2.14], P = 0.028). Analyses combining MESA with additional population-based cohorts expanded our samples in Whites (total n = 11,957 with 871 CHD events) and African Americans (total n = 5,962 with 355 CHD events) and confirmed an increased risk of CHD overall (HR of 1.19 with 95% CI [1.04, 1.37], P = 0.013), in African Americans (HR of 1.49 with 95% CI [1.07, 2.06], P = 0.019), in males (HR of 1.29 with 95% CI [1.08, 1.54], P = 4.91 x 10(-3)) and in White males (HR of 1.24 with 95% CI [1.03, 1.51], P = 0.026). SCARB1 missense rs4238001 is statistically significantly associated with incident CHD across a large population of multiple race/ethnic groups.",PloS one,2015,Ani Manichaikul; Xin-Qun Wang; Solomon K Musani; David M Herrington; Wendy S Post; James G Wilson; Stephen S Rich; Annabelle Rodriguez,10.1371/journal.pone.0125497,"Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",bmi,True,Ani Manichaikul et al. (2015). Association of the Lipoprotein Receptor SCARB1 Common Missense Variant rs4238001 with Incident Coronary Heart Disease. PloS one.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25993026/
41524687,"Cardiovascular Statistics in the United States, 2026: JACC Stats.","Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. JACC Cardiovascular Statistics 2026 reports the most up-to-date data on cardiovascular health in the United States. The report covers major cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cholesterol, and cigarette smoking) and conditions that collectively account for most cardiovascular deaths and disability: coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, peripheral artery disease, and stroke. JACC Cardiovascular Statistics was developed to provide a clear, comprehensive, and accessible snapshot of cardiovascular health in the United States. An annual synthesis of contemporary cardiovascular statistics is needed to inform patients, clinicians, researchers, public health professionals, policymakers, and the public. This report synthesizes data from multiple national sources, including population-based surveys, clinical registries, administrative datasets, and vital statistics. For each risk factor and condition, we evaluated trends in disease epidemiology, quality of care, and morbidity and mortality. Data are presented overall and, where available, stratified by age, sex, race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geography. Findings are presented using a standardized, visually accessible framework. Cardiovascular risk factors-hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cholesterol, and cigarette smoking-remain prevalent among U.S. adults, with persistent gaps in prevention and treatment. Across cardiovascular conditions-coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, peripheral artery disease, and stroke-long-term gains in mortality are slowing or reversing, with ongoing gaps in quality of care and persistent health disparities. JACC Cardiovascular Statistics 2026 provides a comprehensive snapshot of cardiovascular health in the United States, serving as an annual benchmark to guide clinical practice, inform health policy, and promote accountability in efforts to improve cardiovascular health and outcomes for all.",Journal of the American College of Cardiology,2026,Rishi K Wadhera; Sanket S Dhruva; Behnood Bikdeli; Marc P Bonaca; Michelle M Kittleson; Dennis T Ko; Yuan Lu; Neha J Pagidipati; Mitsuaki Sawano; Erica S Spatz; Muthiah Vaduganathan; Jason H Wasfy; Celina M Yong; Huanhuan Yang; ZhaoNian Zheng; Harlan M Krumholz; Lesley H Curtis,10.1016/j.jacc.2025.12.027,Journal Article,smoking,False,"Rishi K Wadhera et al. (2026). Cardiovascular Statistics in the United States, 2026: JACC Stats. Journal of the American College of Cardiology.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41524687/
42017316,Comparative Efficacy of Statins Versus PCSK9 Inhibitors in Coronary Heart Disease Treatment.,"Combining PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) inhibitors with statins significantly lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and reduces cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease versus statins alone. However, it remains unclear which monotherapy offers greater cardiovascular benefit. This prospective non-randomized real-world observational cohort study enrolled coronary heart disease inpatients from July 2020 to March 2024. Patients received either alirocumab (75 mg/2 weeks) or statins (atorvastatin 20 mg/day or rosuvastatin 10 mg/day). The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure hospitalization, or coronary revascularization. Cox proportional hazards models and restricted mean survival time analyses were used. Among 1165 analyzed patients, 215 received PCSK9 inhibitors and 950 received statins. After 1 month, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction was greater in the PCSK9 inhibitor group (from 2.57 to 0.75 mmol/L) than in the statin group (from 2.29 to 1.40 mmol/L; PCSK9 inhibitor monotherapy showed no statistically significant difference from statin monotherapy in long-term lipid-lowering efficacy or cardiovascular risk reduction, suggesting it may be an effective alternative for secondary prevention in coronary heart disease.",Journal of the American Heart Association,2026,Linchan Yu; Boyang Xiang; Yuxin Ren; Yi Li; Jiaying Xie; Xiang Zhou,10.1161/JAHA.125.047923,Journal Article,cholesterol,False,Linchan Yu et al. (2026). Comparative Efficacy of Statins Versus PCSK9 Inhibitors in Coronary Heart Disease Treatment. Journal of the American Heart Association.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42017316/
41721701,Mechanisms linking hypertension to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and their clinical implications: A comprehensive review.,"Hypertension, one of the most prevalent chronic conditions worldwide, stands as a principal risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease and stroke. Recent advances have clarified a graded, dose-response relationship in which higher blood pressure is consistently associated with increased vascular event risk, with relative risks commonly ranging from modest elevations (~1.2) at the lower end of above-optimal blood pressure to substantially higher levels (>3.0) in more severe hypertension categories. This review synthesizes current evidence on how hypertension influences the incidence and progression of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, emphasizing its interplay with comorbid conditions such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and sleep apnea. Additionally, it explores the impact of blood pressure management targets on the prevention of adverse vascular events and evaluates the safety and efficacy of pharmacological treatments in diverse patient populations. Environmental contributors and their role in modulating disease risk are also addressed. By integrating epidemiological data with clinical research findings, this article aims to provide a comprehensive theoretical framework and practical guidance for the prevention and management of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications in hypertensive patients.","Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993)",2026,Guangya Li; Jing Jing Zhang; Xiaojie Mou; Xin Zhuo; Weikai Li; Shenghao Zhang; Shuang Qi; Xiubin Li,10.1080/10641963.2026.2631606,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,"Guangya Li et al. (2026). Mechanisms linking hypertension to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and their clinical implications: A comprehensive review. Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993).",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41721701/
41353986,Building and validating a machine learning model to predict coronary heart disease risk based on non-invasive indicators.,"Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains a leading global cause of death. Early identification of high-risk individuals and timely intervention are crucial. This study developed and evaluated a predictive CHD risk model using machine learning (ML) techniques. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data were randomly split into a training set and an internal validation set in a 7:3 ratio. Variable screening was performed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Subsequently, predictive models were developed using eight machine learning algorithms. Model performance on the internal validation set was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, and the optimal model was selected based on these metrics. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset was used for external validation of the optimal model. Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis was employed to visualize the importance of features. Eight machine learning models were developed based on 12 clinical features. Among these models, the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) demonstrated the best performance, with an internal-validation cohort AUC of 0.825 (95% CI 0.821-0.829), sensitivity of 0.800, and specificity of 0.700, significantly outperforming the other models. The external-validation cohort achieved an AUC of 0.851 (95% CI 0.835-0.867). SHAP analysis identified age, sex, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia as key risk factors. A web-based calculator was developed based on the LightGBM model to predict CHD. LightGBM-based prediction model exhibits high accuracy in assessing CHD risk and holds promise as an effective tool for the early screening and prevention of CHD.",Computer methods and programs in biomedicine,2026,Bo Wu; Kang Huang; Xin Hong; Shuai-Shuai Zhao; Chuan Yuan; Xiao-Gui Li; Cheng-Tao Peng; Ya-Hui Li; Qi-Cai Wu; Xue-Liang Zhou,10.1016/j.cmpb.2025.109186,Journal Article; Validation Study,age,False,Bo Wu et al. (2026). Building and validating a machine learning model to predict coronary heart disease risk based on non-invasive indicators. Computer methods and programs in biomedicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41353986/
40562437,The impact of smoking on lung cancer patients.,"Although smoking prevalence has shown a decreasing trend, the total number of smokers remains high due to population growth. Smoking causes several diseases, including lung cancer, COPD, coronary heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease. Most of the adverse effects of smoking are reversible and smoking cessation treatments are a cost-effective and high-impact intervention for reducing the risk of mortality and morbidity from smoking-related illness. Smoking cessation may have a significant impact in patients diagnosed with lung cancer, as continued tobacco use can critically compromise treatment efficacy, increase the risk of recurrence and reduce overall survival. Moreover, the benefits of smoking cessation in lung cancer patients can also improve quality of life. The tremendous health and economic consequences of the smoking epidemic should make tobacco control a top priority for governments worldwide. This review aims to highlight the necessity of incorporating smoking cessation as a standard component of lung cancer treatment protocols to enhance patients' clinical outcomes and quality of life. At the same time, we identified a lack of current evidence regarding the optimal timing of smoking cessation among lung cancer patients, which provides the basis for further investigation.",European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society,2025,Fabrizio Minervini; Savvas Lampridis; Peter Kestenholz; Esther Pardo; Julie Crommelinck; Paul Martin Putora; Marlène Schnider; Matteo Petroncini; Nora Mayer; Pietro Bertoglio,10.1183/16000617.0175-2024,Journal Article; Review,smoking,False,Fabrizio Minervini et al. (2025). The impact of smoking on lung cancer patients. European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40562437/
40312716,Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome modifies smoking-related risk for cardiovascular diseases: findings from an observational cohort study in UK Biobank.,"The present study aims to investigate the association of smoking behaviors and cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), and to evaluate whether the cardiovascular benefits of smoking cessation vary across different CKM conditions. This study included 242,636 white European participants from the UK Biobank who were classified as CKM syndrome Stages 0 to 3 and free of CVD at baseline. Covariates adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were employed to evaluate the associations of CKM syndrome with the risks of total CVD, stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and 13 CVD subtypes. The impact of smoking behavior across different CKM stages and the joint effect of smoking and CKM syndrome on CVD risk were also evaluated. To investigate the potential effect modification by CKM syndrome, we examined the multiplicative scale by interaction terms in Cox models, and quantified the additive scale using statistics such as the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI). The risk of total CVD, stroke, and CHD increased progressively with advancing CKM stages, with Stage 3 associated with hazard ratios (HRs) of 3.38 (95% CI: 3.05-3.74), 3.01 (2.49-3.64), and 3.65 (3.25-4.10), respectively (P for trend < 0.001). The time required to reduce CVD risk to a level not significantly different from that of never smokers tends to be longer for individuals with advancing CKM stage: smokers at Stages 0-1 achieved this after approximately 10 years of cessation, whereas those at Stages 2-3 required more than 25 years. Compared with never smokers at CKM Stage 0, current smokers at CKM Stage 3 had substantially higher risk of total CVD (HR = 4.14, 95% CI: 3.54-4.83) and several subtypes, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysm (HR = 17.68, 95% CI: 6.33-49.43) and peripheral vascular disease (HR = 10.53, 95% CI: 6.79-16.34). CKM syndrome appeared to act as a positive additive effect modifier in smoking-related risk of total CVD (RERI = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05-0.32), as well as several CVD subtypes, suggesting that the combined effect of smoking and CKM progression exceeds the sum of their individual effects. Our finding emphasizes the importance of smoking cessation among individuals with advanced CKM syndrome, as they face heightened CVD risk. However, compared to those at earlier CKM stages, the short-term benefits of smoking cessation may be less pronounced in this population. Interventions that combine smoking cessation promotion with CKM syndrome management may yield greater reductions in the risk of several CVD outcomes.",BMC public health,2025,Xinhui Liu; Heng Zhang; Hongkai Li; Fuzhong Xue,10.1186/s12889-025-22865-3,Journal Article; Observational Study,smoking,False,Xinhui Liu et al. (2025). Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome modifies smoking-related risk for cardiovascular diseases: findings from an observational cohort study in UK Biobank. BMC public health.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40312716/
39395086,Potential preservative mechanisms of cardiac rehabilitation pathways on endothelial function in coronary heart disease.,"Cardiac rehabilitation, a comprehensive exercise-based lifestyle and medical management, is effective in decreasing morbidity and improving life quality in patients with coronary heart disease. Endothelial function, an irreplaceable indicator in coronary heart disease progression, is measured by various methods in traditional cardiac rehabilitation pathways, including medicinal treatment, aerobic training, and smoking cessation. Nevertheless, studies on the effect of some emerging cardiac rehabilitation programs on endothelial function are limited. This article briefly reviewed the endothelium-beneficial effects of different cardiac rehabilitation pathways, including exercise training, lifestyle modification and psychological intervention in patients with coronary heart disease, and related experimental models, and summarized both uncovered and potential cellular and molecular mechanisms of the beneficial roles of various cardiac rehabilitation pathways on endothelial function. In exercise training and some lifestyle interventions, the enhanced bioavailability of nitric oxide, increased circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and decreased oxidative stress are major contributors to preventing endothelial dysfunction in coronary heart disease. Moreover, the preservation of endothelial-dependent hyperpolarizing factors and inflammatory suppression play roles. On the one hand, to develop more endothelium-protective rehabilitation methods in coronary heart disease, adequately designed and sized randomized multicenter clinical trials should be advanced using standardized cardiac rehabilitation programs and existing assessment methods. On the other hand, additional studies using suitable experimental models are warranted to elucidate the relationship between some new interventions and endothelial protection in both macro- and microvasculature.",Science China. Life sciences,2025,Wen-Tao Sun; Jian-Yong Du; Jia Wang; Yi-Long Wang; Er-Dan Dong,10.1007/s11427-024-2656-6,Journal Article; Review,smoking,False,Wen-Tao Sun et al. (2025). Potential preservative mechanisms of cardiac rehabilitation pathways on endothelial function in coronary heart disease. Science China. Life sciences.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39395086/
40213499,Association of remnant cholesterol with unhealthy lifestyle and risk of coronary heart disease: a population-based cohort study.,"Unhealthy lifestyle is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease, which may be explained by elevated remnant cholesterol. However, this question remains incompletely clarified. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether elevated remnant cholesterol explains part of the excess risk of myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease in individuals with unhealthy lifestyle. We included 104,867 individuals (58,286 women and 46,581 men) from the Copenhagen General Population Study free from coronary heart disease at examination. During a median follow-up of 9.2 years, 2484 developed myocardial infarction and 3570 developed coronary heart disease. To understand explained risk from elevated remnant cholesterol due to unhealthy lifestyle on risk of myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease, we used mediation analyses. Current smoking, low physical activity, and low adherence to dietary guidelines were all associated with higher levels of remnant cholesterol. For current smoking, remnant cholesterol explained 15% (95% confidence interval: 9.7%-20%) of the excess risk of myocardial infarction and 16% (11%-21%) of the excess risk of coronary heart disease. Corresponding values for low physical activity were 20% (13%-27%) and 21% (15%-28%), and for low adherence to dietary guidelines 12% (6.6%-18%) and 14% (8.0%-19%), respectively. Results were similar in women and men separately and in analyses where each lifestyle factor were additionally adjusted for the other three lifestyle factors. Elevated remnant cholesterol explained part of excess myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease in individuals with an unhealthy lifestyle. Clinically, these novel findings underline the importance of both elevated remnant cholesterol and promotion of healthy lifestyle in primary prevention of myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease. Independent Research Fund Denmark; Johan Boserup and Lise Boserups Grant; Medical Research Council.",The Lancet regional health. Europe,2025,Mia Ø Johansen; Signe Vedel-Krogh; Sune F Nielsen; Shoaib Afzal; George Davey Smith; Børge G Nordestgaard,10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101223,Journal Article,cholesterol,False,Mia Ø Johansen et al. (2025). Association of remnant cholesterol with unhealthy lifestyle and risk of coronary heart disease: a population-based cohort study. The Lancet regional health. Europe.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40213499/
40435574,Association of low-grade inflammation and elevated remnant cholesterol with risk of ASCVD and mortality in impaired renal function.,"Low-grade inflammation and elevated remnant cholesterol are associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and all-cause mortality. We hypothesized that each confers risk of myocardial infarction, ASCVD, and all-cause mortality in individuals with impaired renal function. We included 102 906 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study, of which 9 935 had impaired renal function with estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Remnant cholesterol was calculated from a standard lipid profile. ASCVD was myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease death, ischemic stroke, or coronary revascularization. In individuals with impaired renal function, we observed 566 myocardial infarctions, 1 122 ASCVD events, and 3 139 deaths. Compared to individuals with low C-reactive protein and remnant cholesterol, multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for myocardial infarction were 1.12 (95 % confidence intervals: 0.86-1.46) in individuals with low C-reactive protein and high remnant cholesterol, 1.28 (1.00-1.65) in individuals with high C-reactive protein and low remnant cholesterol, and 1.39 (1.10-1.76) in individuals with both high C-reactive protein and remnant cholesterol. Corresponding hazard ratios for ASCVD were 1.07 (0.89-1.28), 1.09 (0.91-1.30), and 1.33 (1.13-1.57); and for all-cause mortality 0.96 (0.85-1.07), 1.18 (1.07-1.30), and 1.20 (1.09-1.33), respectively. In individuals with impaired renal function, low-grade inflammation and elevated remnant cholesterol jointly conferred the highest risk of myocardial infarction, ASCVD, and all-cause mortality.",Atherosclerosis,2025,Daniel Elías-López; Camilla Jannie Kobylecki; Signe Vedel-Krogh; Takahito Doi; Børge Grønne Nordestgaard,10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2025.119241,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",cholesterol,False,Daniel Elías-López et al. (2025). Association of low-grade inflammation and elevated remnant cholesterol with risk of ASCVD and mortality in impaired renal function. Atherosclerosis.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40435574/
40713729,"Remnant cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and risk of incident coronary heart disease among patients with chronic kidney disease based on UK biobank.","Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit elevated remnant cholesterol (RC) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and both of them contribute to the residual cardiovascular risk. However, the independent effects of RC and its joint effects with hs-CRP remain unknown. This study aimed to explore the associations of RC and its joint categories with hs-CRP with coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), and angina among patients with CKD. This prospective study included 21,914 participants with CKD free of CHD from UK Biobank. RC was calculated as non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol minus measured low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Cox models were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CHD. Fine and Gray's model with age as the underlying timescale was used to evaluate the lifetime risks. Over a median follow-up of 11.99 years, 3403 CHD cases were documented. RC was positively associated with CHD, MI, and angina in a linear manner (P Elevated RC was linearly and positively associated with increased risk of incident CHD. Combined high RC and hs-CRP conferred the highest relative and absolute risks. Our findings highlighted the importance of targeting RC and hs-CRP combined to reduce the cardiovascular risk among patients with CKD.",Nutrition & metabolism,2025,Minghui Han; Jing Zhou; Zhenzhen Wan; Meng Chen; Mengli Yan; Wei Feng; Ge Wang; Jing Zhang; Lina Zhang; Lei Yan; Fengmin Shao; Yue Gu,10.1186/s12986-025-00982-5,Journal Article,cholesterol,False,"Minghui Han et al. (2025). Remnant cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and risk of incident coronary heart disease among patients with chronic kidney disease based on UK biobank. Nutrition & metabolism.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40713729/
40129766,"Remnant cholesterol, lipid ratios, and the severity of coronary artery lesions: a retrospective cohort study in patients with coronary heart disease.","Emerging genetic and observational evidence indicates that remnant cholesterol (RC) is a significant residual risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, there is a relative paucity of evidence exploring the correlation among RC, lipid ratios, and atherosclerotic lesion severity. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of RC and lipid ratios alone or in combination for the severity of coronary artery stenosis in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The Gensini score was used to assess the severity of coronary atherosclerotic lesions. CHD patients were categorized into mild stenosis and moderate-to-severe stenosis groups. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk of a high Gensini score associated with RC and lipid ratios. Our study also examined the relationship between inconsistencies in RC and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels and the severity of coronary artery stenosis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the predictive power of RC and lipid ratios alone or in combination for moderate to severe coronary artery lesions. Multivariate regression models suggested that RC was a strong predictor of moderate to severe coronary artery stenosis [odds ratio (OR): 5.44, RC and various lipid ratios [triglyceride/HDL-C, total cholesterol/HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/HDL-C, and apoloprotein (apo)B/apoA] correlated with the degree of coronary artery stenosis in patients with CHD, suggesting that RC has potential value as a biomarker reflecting the degree of coronary artery stenosis independent of the traditional risk factors and the levels of non-HDL-C. This could enhance the predictive efficacy based on the lipid ratio model and had better predictive value for moderate to severe coronary artery lesions.",Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine,2025,Yu Li; Yumei Zhai; Songli Hu; Jing Liu; Wenchen Zhang; Jianwei Yue; Zichao Wang,10.3389/fcvm.2025.1516326,Journal Article,cholesterol,False,"Yu Li et al. (2025). Remnant cholesterol, lipid ratios, and the severity of coronary artery lesions: a retrospective cohort study in patients with coronary heart disease. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40129766/
40279180,The lipid-heart hypothesis from the Seven Countries Study of Cardiovascular Diseases.,"To summarize and comment recent analyses from the Seven Countries Study of Cardiovascular Diseases (SCS) on the role of Atherogenicity (ATI) and Thrombogenicity (THI) indexes (created by combining several types of dietary fatty acids) in predicting major cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mainly coronary heart disease (CHD) mortalities in a long follow-up observation of ecological procedures involving 16 cohorts of middle-aged men. In a chain of steps, a dietary score [Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI)] was inversely correlated with the ATI ( R = -0.91). ATI directly correlated with serum cholesterol ( R = +0.73) and serum cholesterol directly correlated with 50-year CHD mortality ( R = +0.78). Moreover, MAI was inversely correlated ( R = -0.91) and ATI was directly correlated with CHD mortality ( R = +0.93). THI produced comparable results. In 10 cohorts reaching the extinction after 60 years of follow-up, results were similar. The same dietary and metabolic indicators were instead unrelated to other major types of CVD fatalities (heart diseases of uncertain etiology and stroke) or even inverse. ATI and THI indices assembled by pooling several types of dietary fatty acids are strongly associated with long-term CHD mortality but not with other major CVD types.",Current opinion in lipidology,2025,Alessandro Menotti; Paolo Emilio Puddu,10.1097/MOL.0000000000000993,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,Alessandro Menotti et al. (2025). The lipid-heart hypothesis from the Seven Countries Study of Cardiovascular Diseases. Current opinion in lipidology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40279180/
39859164,"Special Issue: ""New Trends in Diabetes, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Diseases-2nd Edition"".","Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) encompass a range of conditions affecting both the heart (e.g., coronary heart disease and heart failure [1]) and blood vessels (e.g., cerebrovascular disease [2] and peripheral artery disease [3]) [...].",International journal of molecular sciences,2025,Yutang Wang; Dianna J Magliano,10.3390/ijms26020449,Editorial; Introductory Journal Article,diabetes; hypertension,False,"Yutang Wang et al. (2025). Special Issue: ""New Trends in Diabetes, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Diseases-2nd Edition"". International journal of molecular sciences.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39859164/
40153757,A Bibliometric Analysis of hypertension and anxiety from 2004 to 2022.,"A growing body of clinical evidence points to an association between hypertension and anxiety, but the mechanisms by which the two occur are unclear. This article aims to explore possible common influences and associations between hypertension and anxiety. We searched for publications on hypertension and anxiety from January 01, 2004 to December 31, 2022 in Web of Science and performed bibliometrics using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Scimago Graphica and Gephi. A total of 3216 related articles were retrieved from the Web of Science database. After screening, 3051 articles were included. The number of published articles has increased over the past 19 years. The United States has more researches in this area and has strong collaborative relationships with other countries, which gives it some credibility and authority. The words that appear in the burst keywords are gender, age, obesity, depression, panic disorder, pregnancy induced hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease, and pituitary adrenal axi, which are co-related with hypertension and anxiety. There is a link between hypertension and anxiety, and the 2 influence each other, usually in a positive way. Common influences on hypertension and anxiety include age, gender, obesity, depression, panic attacks, pregnancy, coronary heart disease and chronic kidney disease. Recent research hotspots have focused on population aging and comorbidities. Future research hotspots are likely continue to focus on influencing factors, clinical research and prognosis.",Medicine,2025,Si-Qi Liu; Xin-Yu Ji; Hai-Yi Liang; Shu-Han Zhao; Fu-Yi Yang; Yang Tang; Shuai Shi,10.1097/MD.0000000000041859,Journal Article,hypertension,False,Si-Qi Liu et al. (2025). A Bibliometric Analysis of hypertension and anxiety from 2004 to 2022. Medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40153757/
40594446,Diagnostic value of the diagonal earlobe crease in combination with lipoprotein(a) in coronary heart disease.,"To investigate the diagnostic value of diagonal earlobe crease (DELC) combined with lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] for coronary heart disease (CHD). A total of 862 chest paint patients suspected of CHD were admitted to Chengde Central Hospital between September 2021 and December 2023. According to CAG results, patients were categorized into the experimental group and the control group. Multifactorial logistic analysis was used to analyze association between DELC and Lp(a) levels with the risk of developing CHD. The diagnostic efficacy of DELC, Lp(a) for CHD was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC). The results showed that DELC and Lp(a) were positively correlated with CHD. Age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, alopecia, DELC, TG and Lp(a) were independent risk factors for CHD. The CHD diagnostic model was constructed based on these risk factors, with the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (P = 0.683) confirming a good fit. The subjects were categorized into group A, B, C, and D, taking group A as the reference group, and the OR values of groups C and D were significantly increased after multi-factor correction. The area under the DELC and Lp(a) curves calculated by ROC curve was 0.729, indicating a strong diagnostic value for CHD. DELC and Lp(a) were independent risk factors for CHD. The combination of DELC and Lp(a) had good application value in the diagnosis of CHD.",Scientific reports,2025,Ruoling Guo; Huihui Yang; Jie Dou; Jie Gao; Yuhua Yin; Yu Gu; Lina Liu; Yanchun Yang; Jingtao Guo; Dapeng Zhou; Donglei Luo,10.1038/s41598-025-06464-1,Journal Article,hypertension,False,Ruoling Guo et al. (2025). Diagnostic value of the diagonal earlobe crease in combination with lipoprotein(a) in coronary heart disease. Scientific reports.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40594446/
41001710,"Long-Term Exposure to Ultrafine Particulate and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Large-Scale, Multicenter Study in China.","Ultrafine particulate matter (UFP) has been identified as a significant environmental risk for public health, yet the cardiovascular effects of long-term UFP exposure have been insufficiently explored. This study based on data from 98,797 participants across five provinces/regions in southwest China and UFP data from a high-resolution atmospheric chemistry model examined the associations between long-term UFP exposure and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in China. The findings reveal elevated prevalence of total and specific CVDs associated with a 3-year average UFP exposure. Specifically, the odds ratio for total CVDs was 1.17 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.24) for each interquartile range increase (5667 particles/cm",Environmental science & technology,2025,Tingting Yang; Yixiang Zhu; Renhua Zhang; Jianqin Zhong; Zixuan Xu; Leilei Liu; Cong Liu; Renjie Chen; Qiaolan Liu; Yuemei Feng; Yi Liu; Duoji Zhuoma; Deqiang Mao; Haidong Kan; Feng Hong,10.1021/acs.est.5c02544,Journal Article; Multicenter Study,hypertension,False,"Tingting Yang et al. (2025). Long-Term Exposure to Ultrafine Particulate and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Large-Scale, Multicenter Study in China. Environmental science & technology.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41001710/
40467641,The triglyceride-glucose index positively associates with the prevalence and severity of coronary heart disease in patients among hypertension.,"Insulin resistance (IR) links hypertension (HTN) and coronary heart disease (CHD). This study investigated the link between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a marker for detecting IR, and the prevalence and severity of CHD in patients with HTN. Limited evidence exists on this relationship. This cross-sectional study included 1,432 hospitalized patients with HTN who underwent coronary angiography between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2023. The study cohort was predominantly male, with a median age of 65 years. Common comorbidities included type 2 diabetes mellitus, smoking history, and alcohol consumption. Patients were excluded if they lacked complete clinical data, had a history of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or other severe heart diseases, or had malignant tumors, acute or chronic infections, severe cerebrovascular disease, end-stage renal disease, or severe hepatic dysfunction. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between the TyG index and the prevalence of CHD. The TyG index was categorized into tertiles and also treated as a continuous variable in the analysis. Among HTN-CHD groups, the relationship between the Gensini score (GS), an indicator of CHD severity, and the TyG index was assessed using multivariate linear regression analysis. After adjusting for confounding variables, multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that compared to tertile 1 of the TyG index, the odds ratio for the prevalence of CHD in patients with TyG index in tertile 2 was 2.01 (95% CI, 1.47-2.73; p < 0.001), and in tertile 3 was 3.86 (95% CI, 2.71-5.50; p < 0.001). Additionally, a raised positive correlation was shown by multivariate linear regression analysis between the GS and the TyG index. In the HTN-CHD group, each 1-unit increase in the TyG index was associated with a 16.777 increase in the GS (β = 16.777; 95% CI, 13.81-19.74; p < 0.001).",Scientific reports,2025,Lingling Wu; Xue Bao; Ji Xu; Lingyu Ma; Lina Kang; Ronglin Zhang,10.1038/s41598-025-03948-y,Journal Article,hypertension,False,Lingling Wu et al. (2025). The triglyceride-glucose index positively associates with the prevalence and severity of coronary heart disease in patients among hypertension. Scientific reports.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40467641/
40786955,Retinal Microangiopathy as a Marker of Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease.,"Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease is the main cause of death worldwide. This disease is characterized by the formation of atherosclerotic plaque in the heart artery and the reduction of myocardial blood circulation caused by vasospasm. The risk factors of atherosclerosis include old age, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. Research has shown that coronary heart disease not only causes kidney and cerebrovascular diseases, but also leads to dysfunction and structural changes in the retinal microvasculature of the eye. Therefore, several studies have proposed that retinal microvascular changes can be used as a diagnostic tool to assess coronary heart disease course and prognosis. This article will review the mechanism of retinal microvascular disease, retinal vascular morphological changes, and microvascular density changes related to coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.",International journal of general medicine,2025,Xinyu Wang; Hui Zhang; Hui Lu; Baixue Zhang; Bo Li; Lifen Gao,10.2147/IJGM.S532841,Journal Article; Review,diabetes; hypertension,False,Xinyu Wang et al. (2025). Retinal Microangiopathy as a Marker of Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease. International journal of general medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40786955/
41425187,"Social disadvantage, insufficient sleep, and cardiovascular disease.","The aim of this paper was to search the literature examining the relationships between social disadvantage, insufficient sleep, and cardiovascular disease and conduct a brief narrative review. A sleep disparity exists in the population with poor sleep quality strongly associated with poverty. Factors such as ethnicity, annual income, education, employment, and health status significantly mediate the effect in poorer disadvantaged people. In turn, the findings from large epidemiological studies show that insufficient sleep and/or insomnia, and/or short duration sleep are linked to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, arrhythmia, and cardiovascular mortality. In addition, insomnia together with objectively assessed short sleep duration confers a higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. However, more large epidemiological studies controlling for obstructive sleep apnoea are needed to fully confirm these findings.",Frontiers in sleep,2025,Gerard Anthony Kennedy,10.3389/frsle.2025.1500218,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,"Gerard Anthony Kennedy et al. (2025). Social disadvantage, insufficient sleep, and cardiovascular disease. Frontiers in sleep.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41425187/
41046247,Role of hypertension in the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome among black adults: The Jackson Heart Study.,"The cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome consists of four progressive stages and is characterized by the interaction of metabolic risk factors, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We assessed the prevalence of hypertension in CKM and its role in progression to more advanced stages. We included 2118 Black adults from the Jackson Heart Study without a history of coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke or stage 0 CKM (normal weight, no metabolic risk factors or CVD) at baseline. Participants were categorized into CKD stage: Stage 1: overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity or dysfunctional adipose tissue without metabolic risk factors or subclinical CVD; Stage 2: metabolic risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, metabolic syndrome or CKD); or Stage 3: subclinical CVD. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of developing stage 4 CKM, defined by a CVD event, in participants with hypertension and stages 2 and 3 CKM. At baseline, 20.2, 69.1 and 10.6% of participants had stage 1, 2 and 3 CKM, respectively. Hypertension was the most common metabolic risk factor in participants with stage 2 and 3 CKM with a prevalence of 80 and 95%, respectively. Incidence rates (95%CI) of stage 4 CKM per 1000 person-years were 1.4 (0.4, 2.4) for stage 1 CKM, 7.5 (6.1, 8.9) for stage 2 CKM with hypertension, and 26.6 (19.8, 33.3) for stage 3 CKM with hypertension. The HRs (95% CI) for developing stage 4 CKM were 3.25 (1.56, 6.80) and 5.11 (2.05,12.78) among participants with hypertension and stage 2 and 3 CKM versus stage 1 CKM, respectively. Hypertension was associated with an increased risk for progression to stage 4 CKM among Black adults.",Journal of human hypertension,2025,Lama Ghazi; Medha Dubal; Alain Bertoni; April Carson; Bessie A Young; Cora E Lewis; Chibuike J Alanaeme; Dayna A Johnson; Daichi Shimbo; Kathryn Foti; Lisandro D Colantonio; Milla Arabadjian; Rikki Tanner; Paul Muntner,10.1038/s41371-025-01078-6,Journal Article,hypertension,False,Lama Ghazi et al. (2025). Role of hypertension in the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome among black adults: The Jackson Heart Study. Journal of human hypertension.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41046247/
41432369,Red cell distribution width to albumin ratio (RAR) as a potential biomarker of coronary heart disease (CHD): Insights from a cross-sectional study.,"While significant evidence has linked various biomarkers to cardiovascular risk, the role of the red cell distribution width to albumin ratio (RAR) in predicting coronary heart disease (CHD) remains underexplored. This cross-sectional study utilized data from 48,928 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999 to 2018. The exposure variable was RAR, calculated as the ratio of red cell distribution width to serum albumin levels. CHD was determined based on self-reported data. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between RAR and CHD, adjusting for potential confounders, with stratified analyses by sex, diabetes status, and hypertension status. The mean age of participants was 49.64 ± 18.17 years, with a mean RAR of 3.15 ± 0.51. In the fully adjusted model (Model 3), an increase in RAR was associated with an increased risk of CHD (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.51, P < .001). Stratified analysis revealed that higher RAR quartiles were associated with higher CHD risk, especially in females and those with diabetes. But no significant interaction was found between RAR and gender or diabetes status on CHD risk. Our study suggests that RAR is associated with an increased risk of CHD, particularly at higher quartiles. While RAR may help clinicians identify individuals at elevated risk for CHD, further longitudinal studies and mechanistic investigations are needed to better understand its predictive value and clinical applicability.",Medicine,2025,Rong Lei; Huiling Liang; Xumeng Ding; Chaofu Yue; Xian Huang; Qiaolin Li; Wei Bao; Qi Qiu; Mei Yang,10.1097/MD.0000000000046663,Journal Article,diabetes; hypertension,False,Rong Lei et al. (2025). Red cell distribution width to albumin ratio (RAR) as a potential biomarker of coronary heart disease (CHD): Insights from a cross-sectional study. Medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41432369/
40087642,Proteomic signatures of type 2 diabetes predict the incidence of coronary heart disease.,"Emerging evidence reveals a complex association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and coronary heart disease (CHD), which share common risk factors and biological pathways. This study aims to identify the shared proteomic signatures of T2D and CHD, as well as whether the shared proteins predict incident CHD in T2D patients, and to develop predictive models. Utilizing data from 53,014 UK Biobank participants and 2923 plasma proteins, we identified 488 proteins associated with T2D, of which 125 proteins were also associated with CHD. Among the shared proteins, we determine nine proteins showing causal associations with CHD, including PCSK9, NRP1, and CD27. Mediation analyses suggest that the nine proteins mediate the association between T2D and CHD. By integrating these proteins into our predictive model, we achieved a desirable prediction (AUC = 0.819) for future CHD onset in T2D patients. Additionally, druggability evaluation show 32 potential therapeutic agents, including established antihypertensives and nine novel compounds, suggesting avenues for dual-targeted treatment strategies. Collectively, our findings unveil the proteomic signatures associated with both T2D and CHD, providing implications for screening and predicting future CHD onset in T2D patients.",Cardiovascular diabetology,2025,Yujian Li; Dun Li; Jing Lin; Lihui Zhou; Weiling Yang; Xin Yin; Chenjie Xu; Zhi Cao; Yaogang Wang,10.1186/s12933-025-02670-3,Journal Article,diabetes,False,Yujian Li et al. (2025). Proteomic signatures of type 2 diabetes predict the incidence of coronary heart disease. Cardiovascular diabetology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40087642/
40646613,Maternal coronary heart disease and mortality following hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and/or diabetes.,"Pre-pregnancy hypertension (HTN), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), and diabetes have been linked to increased risk of post-pregnancy coronary heart disease (CHD) and all-cause mortality, but few studies have investigated their cumulative impact. This study aimed to assess the potential relationship between pre-pregnancy HTN, HDP, and diabetes and their cumulative impact on maternal cardiovascular outcomes defined as incident CHD and all-cause mortality within 5 years of delivery and over the entire study period (up to 14 years after delivery). This retrospective cohort study included 430,545 women aged 12-49 with ≥ 1 singleton, live birth in South Carolina (2004-2016) including non-Hispanic White (NHW; 59.2%), non-Hispanic Black (NHB; 31.4%), and Hispanic (9.4%) women. Birth certificate and hospitalization/emergency department (ED) visit data defined pre-pregnancy HTN, HDP (preeclampsia, eclampsia, gestational HTN), and diabetes (pre-pregnancy, gestational). Hospitalization/ED visit and death certificate data defined incident CHD and all-cause mortality. Covariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess associations between CHD and mortality by exposure. After adjustment for covariates relative to women without any of the three conditions (diabetes, pre-pregnancy HTN, HDP), incident CHD risk was increased within 5 years of delivery for women with diabetes (HR = 1.57; 95% CI 1.28-1.92), HDP (HR = 1.85; 95% CI 1.60-2.15), HDP and diabetes (HR = 2.29; 95% CI 1.73-3.03), HDP and pre-pregnancy HTN (HR = 3.13; 95% CI 2.66-3.68), and all three conditions (HR = 4.87; 95% CI 3.95-6.01). All-cause mortality risk was increased for diabetes (HR = 1.34; 95% CI 1.01-1.78), HDP and pre-pregnancy HTN (HR = 1.53; 95% CI 1.15-2.03), and all three conditions (HR = 2.25; 95% CI 1.51-3.36), but not HDP or HDP and diabetes. Within 5 years of delivery, incident CHD and all-cause mortality rates were highest for women with two or three conditions, specifically HDP, diabetes, and/or pre-pregnancy HTN, with all rates higher for NHB than NHW women. Thus, it is critical to implement clinical prevention strategies to improve risk factor screening and identification among women of child-bearing age.",Cardiovascular diabetology,2025,Angela M Malek; Dulaney A Wilson; Julio Mateus; Emily A Ash; Tanya N Turan; Daniel T Lackland; Kelly J Hunt,10.1186/s12933-025-02811-8,Journal Article,diabetes,False,Angela M Malek et al. (2025). Maternal coronary heart disease and mortality following hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and/or diabetes. Cardiovascular diabetology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40646613/
40553126,"Big data and cardiovascular risk-insights into obesity, diabetes, and coronary heart disease.","Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain a major global health burden. Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are key modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). The emergence of big data has revolutionized cardiovascular research by enabling deeper risk stratification and detection of complex interactions among clinical, lifestyle, and molecular variables. This article reviews how big data has advanced our understanding of the links between obesity, T2DM, and CHD. It highlights key findings from large cohort studies and international consortia as well as methodological innovations transforming cardiovascular epidemiology. The data reveal that obesity and diabetes show significant regional differences in prevalence and incidence and are associated with other risk factor such as hypertension. Large-scale cohorts and consortia have confirmed that diabetes substantially increases CVD and mortality risk two- to fourfold and is linked to an up to 75% higher mortality rate, with earlier onset and poor glycemic control worsening outcomes. Novel approaches, including polygenic risk scores, machine learning, and real-world data integration, have improved prediction and causal inference. The interplay between obesity and diabetes is a major driver of CHD burden. Big data has enhanced our understanding of cardiovascular risks associated with obesity and diabetes, improved risk prediction models, and provided a foundation for precision prevention strategies. Continued investment in large cohorts, data harmonization, and digital health tools is essential in order to translate these insights into effective public health strategies and reduce the global CVD burden.",Herz,2025,Marcus Dörr,10.1007/s00059-025-05323-z,Journal Article; Review,diabetes,False,"Marcus Dörr et al. (2025). Big data and cardiovascular risk-insights into obesity, diabetes, and coronary heart disease. Herz.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40553126/
40179714,Association of lipoprotein(a) and diabetes in primary prevention of coronary heart disease: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).,"Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and diabetes are both independently associated with cardiovascular disease. Studies demonstrate that elevated Lp(a) is associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in those with and without diabetes. However, it is unclear if Lp(a) modifies the association of diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD) in primary prevention. The present analysis included 6668 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, a community-based cohort without clinical cardiovascular disease at baseline. Participants were categorized as follows: group 1: Lp(a) < 50 mg/dL without diabetes, group 2: Lp(a) ≥50 mg/dL without diabetes, group 3: Lp(a) < 50 mg/dL with diabetes, and group 4: Lp(a) ≥50 mg/dL with diabetes. Survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were performed to assess the relationship between Lp(a), diabetes, and time to incident CHD. In a fully adjusted model, log[Lp(a)] and diabetes were both independently associated with CHD (HR: 1.10; 95 % CI: 1.01, 1.20) and (HR:1.65; 95 % CI: 1.31, 2.06), respectively. There was a significant multiplicative interaction between logLp(a) and diabetes (p = 0.033). Compared to the reference group (Lp(a) < 50 mg/dL without diabetes), in a fully adjusted model, those with Lp(a) ≥50 mg/dL without diabetes (group 2) had increased risk of CHD (HR: 1.29; 95 % CI: 1.00, 1.65). Similarly, individuals with Lp(a) < 50 mg/dL with diabetes (group 3) also had greater risk of CHD (HR: 1.52; 95 % CI: 1.16, 1.98). The highest risk for CHD were in those with Lp(a) ≥50 mg/dL with diabetes (group 4) (HR: 2.57; 95 % CI: 1.77, 3.72). The results of this analysis suggest that Lp(a) may modify the association between diabetes and CHD or that diabetes may modify the association between Lp(a) and CHD in those without cardiovascular disease at baseline. Further research is needed to clarify underlying mechanisms between Lp(a), diabetes, and CHD.",Atherosclerosis,2025,Rishi Rikhi; Amier Haidar; Harpreet S Bhatia; Kent Beam; James McParland; Richard Kazibwe; Parag Chevli; Christopher L Schaich; Monika Sanghavi; Michael D Shapiro,10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2025.119179,"Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Observational Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural",diabetes,False,Rishi Rikhi et al. (2025). Association of lipoprotein(a) and diabetes in primary prevention of coronary heart disease: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Atherosclerosis.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40179714/
40967996,Greater alterations in atherogenic lipids and inflammatory markers in women during type 2 diabetes development and risk of coronary heart disease-Findings from two population-based studies.,"Diabetes confers a greater risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in women than in men, potentially due to women's antecedent of metabolic risk factors. We examined circulating metabolites and their associations with CHD risk in men and women across glycemic statuses. We analyzed data from 97,271 CHD-free UK Biobank participants. Metabolomic profiling was performed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of baseline plasma samples. We used linear regression models to examine the association between sex and log-transformed metabolites in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D), prediabetes, and euglycemia, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, Townsend deprivation index, income, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, body mass index, and medication use (for diabetes, lipid-lowering, and hypertension). Cox regression models were used to evaluate associations between metabolites and CHD risk (fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction) stratified by sex and adjusted for the same covariates. We further considered menopausal status, and all analyses were adjusted for false discovery rate. The analyses were replicated in 6199 participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) with NMR data. With worsening glycemic status, women exhibited significantly higher atherogenic lipid/lipoprotein markers, fatty acids, and glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA) than men, as well as lower albumin and lactate (all P-values <.0001). Sex differences persisted regardless of menopausal status. In adjusted Cox regressions, 1 SD increase in triglyceride (TG), saturated fatty acids (SFA), and GlycA was associated with a greater risk of CHD in women with T2D than men over a 10-year follow-up (hazard ratios 1.2-1.5 in women and 0.9-1.04 in men, P-interaction <.05). With worsening glycemic status, women exhibit higher levels of atherogenic lipid and inflammatory markers. TG, GlycA, and SFA are more strongly associated with CHD risk in women with T2D than in men.",Journal of clinical lipidology,2025,Yilin Yoshida; Danting Li; Xiang Li; Anand Rohatgi; Lydia Bazzano; Vivian A Fonseca; Lu Qi; Franck Mauvais-Jarvis,10.1016/j.jacl.2025.08.010,Journal Article,diabetes,False,Yilin Yoshida et al. (2025). Greater alterations in atherogenic lipids and inflammatory markers in women during type 2 diabetes development and risk of coronary heart disease-Findings from two population-based studies. Journal of clinical lipidology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40967996/
38944759,"A large study of metabolomics reveals common and distinct metabolic biomarkers for type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke.","We aimed at examining the shared and unique associations of metabolites with multiple cardiometabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke. In this study, a total of 168 plasma metabolites were measured by high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy among 98 162 participants free of T2D, CHD, and stroke at baseline. Cox proportional hazard models estimated hazard ratios for a 1-SD increase in metabolite concentration levels, and false discovery rate (at 10%) was used to correct for multiple comparisons. Over 12.1 years of follow-up on average, 3463 T2D, 6186 CHD, and 1892 stroke events were recorded. Most lipoprotein metabolites were associated with risks of T2D and CHD but not with the risk of stroke, with stronger associations for T2D than for CHD. Phospholipids within intermediate-density lipoprotein or large low-density lipoprotein particles showed positive associations with CHD and inverse associations with T2D. Metabolites indicating very small very low-density lipoprotein, histidine, creatinine, albumin, and glycoprotein acetyls were associated with risks of all 3 conditions. This large-scale metabolomics study revealed common and distinct metabolic biomarkers for T2D, CHD, and stroke, providing instrumental information to possibly implement precision medicine for preventing and treating these conditions.",American journal of epidemiology,2025,Yanqiang Lu; Guochen Li; Vivian Viallon; Pietro Ferrari; Heinz Freisling; Yanan Qiao; Liping Shao; Luying Wu; Yi Ding; Chaofu Ke,10.1093/aje/kwae167,Journal Article,diabetes,False,"Yanqiang Lu et al. (2025). A large study of metabolomics reveals common and distinct metabolic biomarkers for type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke. American journal of epidemiology.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38944759/
40167635,Machine learning-based models to predict type 2 diabetes combined with coronary heart disease and feature analysis-based on interpretable SHAP.,"Type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease exhibit heightened prevalence in the Chinese population, posing as leading causes of mortality. The combination of diabetes and coronary heart disease, due to its challenging diagnosis and poor prognosis, imposes a significant disease burden. In recent years, machine learning has frequently been employed in diagnostic applications within medical fields; however, predictive models for type 2 diabetes complicated by coronary heart disease have been confronted with issues such as lower predictive performance and interference from other comorbidities during prediction. This study enhances the predictive accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, and AUC of models forecasting the coexistence of diabetes and coronary heart disease. We developed an advanced prediction model using XGBoost combined with SHAP for feature analysis. Through comparative feature selection, hyperparameter optimization, and computational efficiency analysis, we identified optimal conditions for model performance. External validation with independent datasets confirmed the model's robustness and generalizability, supporting its potential implementation in clinical practice. This study compared three models-Random Forest, LightGBM, and XGBoost-and found that XGBoost exhibited superior performance in both efficacy and computational efficiency. The accuracy (Acc) of the XGBoost model was 0.8910, which improved to 0.8942 after hyperparameter tuning. External validation using datasets from Pingyang Hospital and Heji Hospital in Shanxi Province, China, yielded an AUC of 0.7897, demonstrating robust generalizability. By integrating SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) for interpretability, our study identified bilirubin levels, basophil count, cholesterol levels, and age as key features for predicting the coexistence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronary heart disease (CHD). These findings are seamlessly consistent with the feature importance rankings determined by the XGBoost algorithm. The model demonstrates moderate predictive performance (AUC = 0.7879 in external validation) with practical interpretability, offering potential utility in improving diagnostic efficiency for T2DM-CHD comorbidity in resource-limited settings. However, its clinical implementation requires further validation in diverse populations.",Acta diabetologica,2025,Yijian Ji; Hongyan Shang; Jing Yi; Wenhui Zang; Wenjun Cao,10.1007/s00592-025-02496-1,Journal Article,diabetes,False,Yijian Ji et al. (2025). Machine learning-based models to predict type 2 diabetes combined with coronary heart disease and feature analysis-based on interpretable SHAP. Acta diabetologica.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40167635/
40498079,A sex-specific Mendelian randomization-phenome-wide association study of body mass index.,"Trials of incretins are making it increasingly clear that body mass index (BMI) is linked to several diseases throughout life, but trials cannot easily provide a comprehensive assessment of the role of BMI in health-related attributes for men and women. To systematically investigate the role of BMI, we conducted a sex-specific Mendelian randomization-phenome-wide association study. We comprehensively examined the associations of genetically predicted BMI in women ( BMI impacted 232 of 776 traits considered in women and 203 of 680 traits in men, after adjusting for false discovery; differences by sex were found for 105 traits, and 46 traits remained after adjusting for false discovery. BMI was more strongly positively associated with myocardial infarction, major coronary heart disease events, ischemic heart disease, and heart attack in men than women. BMI was more strongly positively associated with apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and diastolic blood pressure in women than men. Our study revealed that BMI might affect a wide range of health-related attributes and also highlights notable sex differences in its impact, including opposite associations for certain attributes, such as ApoB; and stronger effects in men, such as for cardiovascular diseases. Our findings underscore the need for nuanced, sex-specific policy related to BMI to address inequities in health. None.",eLife,2025,Zhu Liduzi Jiesisibieke; Io Ieong Chan; Jack Chun Man Ng; C Mary Schooling,10.7554/eLife.102573,Journal Article,bmi,False,Zhu Liduzi Jiesisibieke et al. (2025). A sex-specific Mendelian randomization-phenome-wide association study of body mass index. eLife.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40498079/
40255500,Association between triglyceride glucose-body mass index and 365-day mortality in patients with critical coronary heart disease.,"The aim of this study was to analyze the association between TyG-BMI and 365-day mortality in critically ill patients with CHD. Patient data were extracted from the MIMIC-IV database. All patients were categorized into 3 groups based on TyG-BMI index: Low TyG-BMI index group, Medium TyG-BMI index group, and High TyG-BMI index group. Outcomes included primary and secondary outcomes, with the primary outcome being 365-day mortality and the secondary outcomes being hospital survival, intensive care unit (ICU) survival, and 28-day, 90-day, and 180-day mortality. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to compare the outcomes of the three groups. The relationship between TyG-BMI index and 365-day mortality was assessed using multivariate Cox proportional risk regression models and restricted cubic spline curves (RCS). 889 critically ill patients with CHD were analyzed. Among them, 600 (67.50%) were male patients with a mean age of 68.37 years and 289 (32.50%) were female patients with a mean age of 73.91 years. Patients with a medium TyG-BMI index had the best 365-day prognostic outcome and the highest survival rate compared with patients in the Low and High TyG-BMI index groups [201 (67.68%) vs. 166 (56.08%), 188 (63.51%); P=0.013]. After fully adjusted modeling analysis, the hazard ratio (HR) for 365-day mortality was found to be 0.71 (95% CI 0.54-0.93, P=0.012) for the Medium TyG-BMI index group. Meanwhile, RCS analysis showed an L-shaped relationship between TyG-BMI index and 365-day mortality. The TyG-BMI index is significantly associated with 365-day mortality in patients with severe CHD.",Frontiers in endocrinology,2025,Jing Tian; Yan Dong; Zhongping Xu; Jin Ke; Hongyang Xu,10.3389/fendo.2025.1513898,Journal Article,bmi,False,Jing Tian et al. (2025). Association between triglyceride glucose-body mass index and 365-day mortality in patients with critical coronary heart disease. Frontiers in endocrinology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40255500/
40915180,The hidden connection: systemic immune-inflammation index and its role in asthma.,"This study explores potential associations between asthma and the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII). The study primarily focuses on adults with complete data on SII and asthma from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database (2015-2020). SII is calculated using the formula: platelet count × neutrophil count / lymphocyte count. The connection between SII and asthma was assessed through baseline feature analysis, weighted multivariate regression, subgroup analysis, and smooth curve fitting. A total of 13,334 participants were included, with 2045 individuals (15.34 %) having asthma. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests revealed no significant impact of gender, age, body mass index, vitamin C, magnesium, coronary heart disease, or diabetes on the observed association (p for interaction > 0.05). Higher SII levels are associated with an increased incidence of asthma. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.","Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil)",2025,Cheng Peng; Dong Gao; Zanchen Zhou; Tiancheng Wang,10.1016/j.clinsp.2025.100779,Journal Article,bmi,False,"Cheng Peng et al. (2025). The hidden connection: systemic immune-inflammation index and its role in asthma. Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil).",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40915180/
40615310,A paradoxical association between A Body Shape Index and cardiometabolic multimorbidity: Findings from the English longitudinal study of ageing.,"A Body Shape Index (ABSI) is a novel metric designed to more accurately reflect abdominal adiposity and visceral fat distribution - factors more strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk than body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). The association between ABSI and cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) is unclear. This study aimed to assess the prospective association between ABSI and CMM risk, and to directly compare this association with those of other adiposity measures (BMI, WC, height, and weight) on CMM risk within the same population. We analyzed data from 3408 participants (mean age: 63 years; 44.7 % male) who were free from hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, and stroke at wave 4 of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. ABSI was calculated as WC/(BMI There was a U-shaped relationship between ABSI and CMM risk, with low ABSI being associated with an increased CMM risk.","Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD",2025,Setor K Kunutsor; Atanu Bhattacharjee; Sae Young Jae; Jari A Laukkanen,10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104167,Journal Article; Comparative Study,bmi,False,"Setor K Kunutsor et al. (2025). A paradoxical association between A Body Shape Index and cardiometabolic multimorbidity: Findings from the English longitudinal study of ageing. Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40615310/
39983608,"Erythritol, Erythronate, and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Older Adults in the ARIC Study.","Circulating erythritol, an endogenously produced metabolite and an artificial sweetener, is associated with cardiovascular outcomes. The authors assessed associations of erythritol and its downstream metabolite, erythronate, with cardiovascular risk factors and events in older adults in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities) study (visit 5, 2011-2013). We included 4,006 participants without prevalent cardiovascular disease and with metabolomic profiling. Erythritol and erythronate were measured by mass spectrometry. We analyzed associations of log-transformed erythritol and erythronate with cardiovascular risk factors and events using Cox proportional hazard models. Participants in the highest tertiles of erythritol or erythronate were older, more likely to have diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or microalbuminuria, and had higher body mass index and cardiac biomarkers and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (P 0.20). Circulating erythritol and erythronate levels are markers of cardiometabolic health and cardiovascular outcomes in an older adult population. In particular, erythronate is associated with all cardiovascular outcomes assessed. Future studies should assess the role of erythronate and its related pathways in cardiovascular disease.",JACC. Advances,2025,Layla A Abushamat; Bing Yu; Ron C Hoogeveen; Caroline Sun; Chao Cheng; Sean M Hartig; Mark A Herman; Ashok Balasubramanyam; Jane Eb Reusch; Elizabeth Selvin; Chiadi E Ndumele; Vijay Nambi; Christie M Ballantyne,10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101605,Journal Article,bmi,False,"Layla A Abushamat et al. (2025). Erythritol, Erythronate, and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Older Adults in the ARIC Study. JACC. Advances.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39983608/
39934045,Associations of waist circumference and BMI with the trajectory of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in hypertensive patients: A multi-state model.,"The burden of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) in hypertensive patients is substantial, and obesity may play an important role in progression of CMM. We aim to explore associations of obesity with the transition patterns from hypertension to first cardiometabolic disease (FCMD), CMM, and death. 21 286 hypertensive patients over 40 were enrolled in Yinzhou Health Information System from 2010 to 2015, followed until June 30, 2022. CMM was defined as the coexistence of stroke, diabetes, and coronary heart disease. Two indices of obesity including body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were assessed at baseline. We used multi-state models to evaluate associations of BMI and WC between risk of CMM trajectories in hypertensive patients. During a median follow-up of 8.06 years, 13 289 hypertensive patients developed CMD, 6401 further developed CMM, and 1648 died. WC in every 1 cm increase was positively associated with risk of transitions from hypertension to FCMD (HR = 1.01, 95 % CI: 1.00-1.01) and from FCMD to CMM (HR = 1.01, 95 % CI: 1.01-1.02). Underweight participants had a 17 % elevated risk of transition from FCMD to CMM, while overweight participants had a 5 % elevated risk of transition from hypertension to FCMD. U-shape curves were observed for the association of WC with transitions from FCMD or CMM to death. Underweight and abnormal WC were associated with an increased risk of CMM and death in hypertensive patients. Our findings emphasize the role of healthy body shape in hypertensive management.","Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD",2025,Lisha Xu; Jie Qiu; Peng Shen; Yixing Wang; Yonghao Wu; Jingjing Hu; Zongming Yang; Zhanghang Zhu; Hongbo Lin; Liming Shui; Zhiqin Jiang; Mengling Tang; Mingjuan Jin; Feng Tong; Kun Chen; Jianbing Wang,10.1016/j.numecd.2025.103851,Journal Article,bmi,False,"Lisha Xu et al. (2025). Associations of waist circumference and BMI with the trajectory of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in hypertensive patients: A multi-state model. Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39934045/
40766947,Genetically predicted ankylosing spondylitis increases the risk of heart failure: a Mendelian randomization study.,"Observational studies have indicated a potential association between ankylosing spondylitis and elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, it remains uncertain whether this association reflects a causal association. Therefore, we conducted this Mendelian randomization to investigate the causal relationship between ankylosing spondylitis and CVD. We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to establish a causal relationship between ankylosing spondylitis and the risk of six prevalent CVDs: hypertension, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, and peripheral artery disease. Furthermore, multivariate Mendelian randomization was employed to determine the influence of confounding factors. Genetically predicted ankylosing spondylitis increased the risk of heart failure according to the Mendelian randomization analysis (OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 1.00-1.04; Genetically predicted ankylosing spondylitis increased the risk of heart failure, and the causality may partly be mediated by increased arterial stiffness.",Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine,2025,Chennan Liu; Laicheng Wang; Mei Lin; Jing You; Xuan Zheng; Ailing Wang; Yunchai Lin; Feng Peng; Dan Hu,10.3389/fcvm.2025.1415263,Journal Article,bmi,False,Chennan Liu et al. (2025). Genetically predicted ankylosing spondylitis increases the risk of heart failure: a Mendelian randomization study. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40766947/
40240914,Hypothalamic Gliosis Is Associated With Multiple Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Framingham Heart Study.,"Hypothalamic gliosis is mechanistically linked to obesity and insulin resistance in rodent models. We tested cross-sectional associations between radiologic measures of hypothalamic gliosis in humans and clinically relevant cardiovascular disease risk factors, as well as prevalent coronary heart disease. Using brain magnetic resonance imaging from FHS (Framingham Heart Study) participants (N=867; mean age, 55 years; 55% women), T2-signal intensities were extracted bilaterally from the region of interest in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) and reference regions in the amygdala and putamen. T2-signal ratios were created in which greater relative T2-signal intensity suggests gliosis. The primary measure compared MBH with amygdala (MBH/amygdala). Outcomes were body mass index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting triglycerides, and the presence of hypertension (n=449), diabetes (n=66), metabolic syndrome (n=254), or coronary heart disease (n=25). Statistical testing was performed using linear or logistic regression. Greater MBH/amygdala T2-signal ratios were associated with higher body mass index ( Using a well-established study of cardiovascular disease development, we found evidence linking hypothalamic gliosis to multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors, independent of adiposity. Our results highlight the need to consider central nervous system mechanisms to understand and improve cardiometabolic health.",Journal of the American Heart Association,2025,Justin Lo; Susan J Melhorn; Sarah Kee; Kelsey L W Olerich; Alyssa Huang; Dabin Yeum; Alexa Beiser; Sudha Seshadri; Charles DeCarli; Ellen A Schur,10.1161/JAHA.124.039463,Journal Article,bmi,False,Justin Lo et al. (2025). Hypothalamic Gliosis Is Associated With Multiple Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Framingham Heart Study. Journal of the American Heart Association.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40240914/
40218941,"High-Density Lipoprotein Particles, Inflammation, and Coronary Heart Disease Risk.","Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains a leading cause of death and has been associated with alterations in plasma lipoprotein particles and inflammation markers. This study aimed to evaluate and compare standard and advanced lipid parameters and inflammatory biomarkers in CHD cases and matched control subjects. We hypothesized that incorporating advanced lipid and inflammatory biomarkers into risk models would improve CHD risk prediction beyond the standard lipid measures. CHD cases ( The most significant percent differences between male and female cases versus controls were for hsCRP (+78%, +200%), MPO (+109%, +106%), SAA (+84%, +33%), sdLDL-C (+48%; +43%), Lp(a) (+43%,+70%), apoA-I in very large α-1 HDL (-34%, -26%), HDL-C (-24%, -27%), and apoA-I in very small preβ-1 HDL (+17%; +16%). Total C, non-HDL-C, and direct and calculated LDL-C levels were only modestly higher in the cases. Multivariate models incorporating advanced parameters were statistically superior to a standard model (C statistic: men: 0.913 vs. 0.856; women: 0.903 versus 0.838). Machine learning identified apoA-I in preβ-1-HDL, α-2-HDL, α-1-HDL, α-3-HDL, MPO, and sdLDL-C as the top predictors of CHD. This study introduces a novel approach to CHD risk assessment by integrating advanced HDL particle analysis and machine learning. By assessing HDL subpopulations (α-1, α-2, preβ-1 HDL), inflammatory biomarkers (MPO, SAA), and small dense LDL, we provide a more refined stratification model. Notably, preβ-1 HDL, an independent risk factor reflecting impaired cholesterol efflux from the artery wall, is highlighted as a critical marker of CHD risk. Our approach allows for earlier identification of high-risk individuals, particularly those with subtle lipid or inflammatory abnormalities, supporting more personalized interventions. These findings demonstrate the potential of advanced lipid profiling and machine learning to enhance CHD risk prediction.",Nutrients,2025,Eveline O Stock; Bela F Asztalos; John M Miller; Lihong He; Kate Townsend Creasy; Rachel Schwemberger; Alexander Quinn; Clive R Pullinger; Mary J Malloy; Margaret R Diffenderfer; John P Kane,10.3390/nu17071182,Journal Article,age,False,"Eveline O Stock et al. (2025). High-Density Lipoprotein Particles, Inflammation, and Coronary Heart Disease Risk. Nutrients.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40218941/
40970538,Population-Based Study on the Coexistence of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease.,"Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are important cardiovascular risk factors. However, the prognostic impact of coexisting MASLD and CKD remains understudied. This study cohort used the NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) 2007 to 2018 database, examining outcomes in adults with varying MASLD and CKD statuses. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, and cancer. Cox regression model was constructed to investigate the relationship between MASLD/CKD and all-cause mortality, adjusted for age, prior coronary heart disease, body mass index, smoking, poverty-to-income ratio, lipid-lowering and glucose-lowering medications. Sensitivity analysis was performed with hepatic fibrosis and CKD. Among 14 818 participants (mean follow-up: 6.9 ± 3.4 years), a majority of participants had MASLD(-)/CKD(-) (50.8%), followed by MASLD(+)/CKD(-) (34.8%), MASLD(+)/CKD(+) (7.7%), and MASLD(-)/CKD(+) (6.7%). MASLD(+)/CKD(+) (n = 1142) had the highest rates of obesity (77.6%), hypertension (77.5%), dyslipidemia (67.0%), and diabetes (49.7%), with the highest risk of coronary heart disease (risk ratio [RR], 1.79 [95% CI, 1.13-2.82], MASLD(+)/CKD(+) phenotype increases the risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity and independently predicts mortality. Mortality risk increased progressively in individuals with both advanced hepatic fibrosis and CKD.",Journal of the American Heart Association,2025,Rachel Sze Jen Goh; Jaycie Koh; Made Ayu Utami Intaran; Yiphan Chin; Gwyneth Kong; Bryan Chong; Jobelle Chia; Mark Y Chan; Anurag Mehta; Mark Muthiah; Muhammad Shahzeb Khan; Nicholas Ws Chew,10.1161/JAHA.125.041834,Journal Article,age,False,Rachel Sze Jen Goh et al. (2025). Population-Based Study on the Coexistence of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease. Journal of the American Heart Association.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40970538/
40337557,"Modeling coronary heart disease risk based on age, fatty food consumption and anxiety factors using penalized spline nonparametric logistic regression.","Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) represents a significant public health challenge in Indonesia, contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality rates. We propose a new method for modeling CHD risk by considering the influencing factors, namely age, fatty food consumption and anxiety using Penalized Spline Nonparametric Logistic Regression (PSNLR) approach to analyze the CHD and non-CHD risks affected by these influencing factors. The proposed method gave results a percentage of model classification accuracy of 94.31 % and the value of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.96. This means that the proposed method is a powerful method in modeling the CHD risk and it can effectively identify the nonlinear relationship between influencing factors and CHD incidence. This research supports the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) point 3, especially the target of reducing deaths from non-communicable diseases such as CHD through improving disease prevention and treatment. The use of more accurate models in identifying risk factors also contributes to efforts to improve overall public health and strengthen health care systems.•A cross-sectional survey on influencing factors of CHD risk was conducted at the Airlangga University Hospital.•For analyzing relationship between influencing factors and CHD risk, we used PSNLR method.",MethodsX,2025,Nur Chamidah; Budi Lestari; Hendri Susilo; Triana Kesuma Dewi; Toha Saifudin; Naufal Ramadhan Al Akhwal Siregar; Dursun Aydin,10.1016/j.mex.2025.103320,Journal Article,age,False,"Nur Chamidah et al. (2025). Modeling coronary heart disease risk based on age, fatty food consumption and anxiety factors using penalized spline nonparametric logistic regression. MethodsX.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40337557/
40653417,Hypothesis- and data-driven disease risk scores among young adults - An analysis in the German DONALD cohort study.,"Disease risk scores (DRSs) can identify individuals at risk for chronic diseases, yet little is known about their potential use in young adult populations. We derived DRSs using two approaches (hypothesis- and data-driven) to describe subgroups of young adults regarding their disease risk profile. In the DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) cohort study, we applied seven hypothesis-driven DRSs among 492 adult participants (20-47 years) and performed cluster analysis (hierarchical, k-means) with 12 continuous metabolic risk factors (n = 457). We compared the DRSs using age- and sex-adjusted linear regressions and chi-square tests. The importance of each score component was examined using forward selection and age- and sex-adjusted logistic regressions. Longitudinal tracking of DRSs was assessed via concordance in tertile and cluster membership. Two clusters (1: ""comparably high-risk""; 2: ""comparably low-risk"") were identified. Participants in cluster 1 (41.1 %) compared to cluster 2 showed: higher median values in all hypothesis-driven DRSs, higher absolute type 2 diabetes risk (German Diabetes Risk Score), elevated liver parameters (Fatty Liver Index, Hepatic Steatosis Index), a more unfavourable cardiovascular health (Life's Simple 7), and higher absolute coronary heart disease risk (Framingham Risk Score - Adult Treatment Panel III (females)) (P < 0.05). Waist circumference and BMI were most important. The DRSs tracked considerably within a median follow-up of 4.9 years. Differences in DRSs could be applied to a rather young adult population. These early disease risks are particularly shaped by anthropometric markers and are relatively stable over time.","Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD",2025,Michaela Mark; Samuel Muli; Ines Perrar; Christina-Alexandra Conzen; Ute Nöthlings,10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104168,Journal Article; Comparative Study,age,False,"Michaela Mark et al. (2025). Hypothesis- and data-driven disease risk scores among young adults - An analysis in the German DONALD cohort study. Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40653417/
41049373,Interpretable prediction of coronary heart disease risk in adults over 50 with accelerated aging using 45 dietary nutrients.,"The relationship between dietary nutrient intake and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk among older adults with accelerated aging remains inadequately understood. This study analyzed data from seven cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted in the United States between 2005 and 2018. Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression was employed to evaluate the association between dietary nutrient mixtures and CHD risk in individuals aged 50 and older with accelerated aging. Additionally, six machine learning models were developed, with SHAP and LIME algorithms applied to assess the contribution of individual nutrients to CHD risk. In the fully adjusted model, dietary nutrient mixtures were inversely associated with CHD risk in older adults experiencing accelerated aging (adjusted OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.81-0.99, Among adults aged 50 and older with accelerated aging, higher intake of specific dietary nutrients was associated with reduced CHD risk. Of the machine learning models tested, the random forest algorithm demonstrated the strongest predictive performance. SHAP and LIME analyses jointly highlighted vitamin B12 and lutein + zeaxanthin as key contributors to the reduced CHD risk in this high-risk population.",Frontiers in nutrition,2025,Zhi-Qiang Yang; Xiao-Hong Zhang,10.3389/fnut.2025.1666644,Journal Article,age,False,Zhi-Qiang Yang et al. (2025). Interpretable prediction of coronary heart disease risk in adults over 50 with accelerated aging using 45 dietary nutrients. Frontiers in nutrition.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41049373/
41640879,Coronary heart disease risk prediction based on GAIN imputation and interpretable machine learning.,"Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, making timely identification critical for improving patient prognosis. However, traditional imaging examinations are limited by high costs and patient selection bias, while existing prediction models often lack interpretability and generalization ability. This study aimed to develop a robust, interpretable machine learning approach to address these challenges. This retrospective study analyzed hospitalized patients at Quzhou People's Hospital from July 2021 to March 2025. Patients diagnosed with CHD were categorized as positive samples, while those without cardiovascular disease served as negative controls. The dataset integrated demographic data, blood biomarkers, and vital signs. A Generative Adversarial Imputation Network (GAIN) was utilized to handle missing values, and multiple machine learning models were constructed and compared for prediction performance. Among the evaluated algorithms, the XGBoost model achieved superior performance on the test set with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.9053. To enhance clinical utility, the integration of SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values enabled both global and local interpretation of model decisions. Key predictive factors identified included mean respiratory rate during hospitalization, age, high-sensitivity troponin I (hs-cTnI), and hypertension. The developed model demonstrates robust prediction performance combined with high clinical interpretability. Unlike traditional ""black box"" models, this approach clarifies the contribution of specific risk factors. Crucially, the tool is well-suited for dual deployment: serving as an automated screening tool integrated into hospital electronic health records (EHRs) and as a self-monitoring aid for individuals with underlying health conditions via mobile health applications.",Frontiers in genetics,2025,Shulin Zhao; Baoyun Nan; Jun Guo; Wenkai Xu; Zhen Li,10.3389/fgene.2025.1752811,Journal Article,age,False,Shulin Zhao et al. (2025). Coronary heart disease risk prediction based on GAIN imputation and interpretable machine learning. Frontiers in genetics.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41640879/
37582455,Role of Yoga in Cardiovascular Diseases.,"Cardiovascular diseases are a collection of conditions that affect the blood vessels and the heart. These conditions include cardiac rehabilitation, hypertension, cardiac failure, rheumatic heart disease, peripheral artery disease, and coronary heart disease. Poor nutrition, alcohol, lack of exercise, smoking, etc are the main behavioral risk factors for heart disease. This study delivers a methodical review of yoga's role in the management and inhibition of cardiovascular diseases and their associated risk factors. This review suggests that proper maintenance of fitness and stress employing yoga effectively lowers cardiovascular disease. In this review, various asanas, and pranayama like Marjaryasana, Kapalabhati, Halasana, etc have been discussed. Also, their role in the prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). In addition to this different metabolic syndrome associated with cardiovascular diseases and the relation of yoga with hypertension has been discussed. The review has documented satisfactory proof and concludes that yogic exercise enhances cardiovascular health and reduces associated risk factors.",Current problems in cardiology,2024,Harshita Sharma; Pratichi Singh,10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102032,Journal Article; Review,hypertension; smoking,False,Harshita Sharma et al. (2024). Role of Yoga in Cardiovascular Diseases. Current problems in cardiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37582455/
39212219,Variation in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease: the INTERASPIRE study.,"INTERASPIRE is an international study of coronary heart disease (CHD) patients, designed to measure if guideline standards for secondary prevention and cardiac rehabilitation are being achieved in a timely manner. Between 2020 and 2023, adults hospitalized in the preceding 6-24 months with incident or recurrent CHD were sampled in 14 countries from all 6 World Health Organization regions and invited for a standardized interview and examination. Direct age and sex standardization was used for country-level prevalence estimation. Overall, 4548 (21.1% female) CHD patients were interviewed a median of 1.05 (interquartile range .76-1.45) years after index hospitalization. Among all participants, 24.6% were obese (40.7% centrally). Only 38.6% achieved a blood pressure (BP) < 130/80 mmHg and 16.6% a LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of <1.4 mmol/L. Of those smoking at hospitalization, 48% persisted at interview. Of those with known diabetes, 55.2% achieved glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) of <7.0%. A further 9.8% had undetected diabetes and 26.9% impaired glucose tolerance. Females were less likely to achieve the targets: BP (females 36.8%, males 38.9%), LDL-C (females 12.0%, males 17.9%), and HbA1c in diabetes (females 47.7%, males 57.5%). Overall, just 9.0% (inter-country range 3.8%-20.0%) reported attending cardiac rehabilitation and 1.0% (inter-country range .0%-2.4%) achieved the study definition of optimal guideline adherence. INTERASPIRE demonstrates inadequate and heterogeneous international implementation of guideline standards for secondary prevention in the first year after CHD hospitalization, with geographic and sex disparity. Investment aimed at reducing between-country and between-individual variability in secondary prevention will promote equity in global efforts to reduce the burden of CHD.",European heart journal,2024,John William McEvoy; Catriona Jennings; Kornelia Kotseva; Dirk De Bacquer; Guy De Backer; Iris Erlund; Terhi Vihervaara; Gregory Y H Lip; Kausik K Ray; Lars Rydén; Ana Abreu; Wael Almahmeed; Ade Meidian Ambari; Junbo Ge; Hosam Hasan-Ali; Yong Huo; Piotr Jankowski; Rodney M Jimenez; Yong Li; Ahmad Syadi Mahmood Zuhdi; Abel Makubi; Amam Chinyere Mbakwem; Lilian Mbau; Jose Luis Navarro Estrada; Okechukwu Samuel Ogah; Elijah Nyainda Ogola; Adalberto Quintero-Baiz; Mahmoud Umar Sani; Maria Ines Sosa Liprandi; Jack Wei Chieh Tan; Miguel Alberto Urina Triana; Tee Joo Yeo; Sandra Ganly; Agnieszka Adamska; David Wood,10.1093/eurheartj/ehae558,Journal Article; Multicenter Study,diabetes; smoking,False,John William McEvoy et al. (2024). Variation in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease: the INTERASPIRE study. European heart journal.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39212219/
39618953,Associations between smoking and coronary heart disease: mediating role of RDW.,"Previous studies have demonstrated that both smoking and coronary heart disease (CHD) are linked to red cell distribution width (RDW). However, the role of the RDW in the association between smoking and CHD remains unclear. This study investigates the role of RDW in the association between smoking and coronary heart disease. Data from 13,080 adults aged 40-80 years were analyzed from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2006 and 2017. Statistical methods included regression analysis, restricted cubic spline curve (RCS), subgroup analysis, and mediation analysis. Results showed higher RDW levels in participants with smoking and/or CHD than in those without. Smoking status was positively associated with RDW and CHD even after adjusting for potential confounders. A nonlinear relationship between RDW and CHD was observed ( Our research showed that smoking, RDW, and CHD are interrelated, with RDW playing as a mediator, offering a novel perspective for the prevention and management of CHD.",Frontiers in public health,2024,Mingfeng Ma; Yue Wu; Xingmin He; Miaomiao Zhang; Yanlin Han; Renwei Guo; Shaojie Li,10.3389/fpubh.2024.1447303,Journal Article,smoking,False,Mingfeng Ma et al. (2024). Associations between smoking and coronary heart disease: mediating role of RDW. Frontiers in public health.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39618953/
38194779,Predicting coronary heart disease in Chinese diabetics using machine learning.,"Diabetes, a common chronic disease worldwide, can induce vascular complications, such as coronary heart disease (CHD), which is also one of the main causes of human death. It is of great significance to study the factors of diabetic patients complicated with CHD for understanding the occurrence of diabetes/CHD comorbidity. In this study, by analyzing the risk of CHD in more than 300,000 diabetes patients in southwest China, an artificial intelligence (AI) model was proposed to predict the risk of diabetes/CHD comorbidity. Firstly, we statistically analyzed the distribution of four types of features (basic demographic information, laboratory indicators, medical examination, and questionnaire) in comorbidities, and evaluated the predictive performance of three traditional machine learning methods (eXtreme Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, and Logistic regression). In addition, we have identified nine important features, including age, WHtR, BMI, stroke, smoking, chronic lung disease, drinking and MSP. Finally, the model produced an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.701 on the test samples. These findings can provide personalized guidance for early CHD warning for diabetic populations.",Computers in biology and medicine,2024,Cai-Yi Ma; Ya-Mei Luo; Tian-Yu Zhang; Yu-Duo Hao; Xue-Qin Xie; Xiao-Wei Liu; Xiao-Lei Ren; Xiao-Lin He; Yu-Mei Han; Ke-Jun Deng; Dan Yan; Hui Yang; Hua Tang; Hao Lin,10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.107952,Journal Article,diabetes; smoking,False,Cai-Yi Ma et al. (2024). Predicting coronary heart disease in Chinese diabetics using machine learning. Computers in biology and medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38194779/
38293910,Longitudinal Lipidomic Signature of Coronary Heart Disease in American Indian People.,"Dyslipidemia is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). Standard lipid panel cannot capture the complexity of the blood lipidome (ie, all molecular lipids in the blood). To date, very few large-scale epidemiological studies have assessed the full spectrum of the blood lipidome on risk of CHD, especially in a longitudinal setting. Using an untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we repeatedly measured 1542 lipid species from 1835 unique American Indian participants who attended 2 clinical visits (≈5.5 years apart) and followed up to 17.8 years in the Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS). We first identified baseline lipid species associated with risk of CHD, followed by replication in a European population. The model adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, estimated glomerular filtration rate, education, and physical activity at baseline. We then examined the longitudinal association between changes in lipid species and changes in cardiovascular risk factors during follow-up. Multiple testing was controlled by the false discovery rate. We found that baseline levels of multiple lipid species (eg, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, and ceramides) were associated with the risk of CHD and improved the prediction accuracy over conventional risk factors in American Indian people. Some identified lipids in American Indian people were replicated in European people. Longitudinal changes in multiple lipid species (eg, acylcarnitines, phosphatidylcholines, and triacylglycerols) were associated with changes in cardiovascular risk factors. Baseline plasma lipids and their longitudinal changes over time are associated with risk of CHD. These findings provide novel insights into the role of dyslipidemia in CHD.",Journal of the American Heart Association,2024,Guanhong Miao; Raimund Pechlaner; Oliver Fiehn; Kimberly M Malloy; Ying Zhang; Jason G Umans; Manuel Mayr; Johann Willeit; Stefan Kiechl; Jinying Zhao,10.1161/JAHA.123.031825,Journal Article,bmi; smoking,False,Guanhong Miao et al. (2024). Longitudinal Lipidomic Signature of Coronary Heart Disease in American Indian People. Journal of the American Heart Association.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38293910/
39228476,Advancements in Cardiovascular Disease Research Affected by Smoking.,"The harmful substances in tobacco are widely recognized to exert a significant detrimental impact on human health, constituting one of the most substantial global public health threats to date. Tobacco usage also ranks among the principal contributors to cardiovascular ailments, with tobacco being attributed to up to 30% of cardiovascular disease-related deaths in various countries. Cardiovascular disease is influenced by many kinds of pathogenic factors, among them, tobacco usage has led to an increased year by year incidence of cardiovascular disease. Exploring the influencing factors of harmful substances in tobacco and achieving early prevention are important means to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and maintain health. This article provides a comprehensive review of the effects of smoking on health and cardiovascular diseases.",Reviews in cardiovascular medicine,2024,Miaoxin Fu; Aihua Mei; Xinwen Min; Handong Yang; Wenwen Wu; Jixin Zhong; Chunlei Li; Jun Chen,10.31083/j.rcm2508298,Journal Article; Review,smoking,False,Miaoxin Fu et al. (2024). Advancements in Cardiovascular Disease Research Affected by Smoking. Reviews in cardiovascular medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39228476/
38042215,Impact of missense TSBP1 variants on the susceptibility to coronary heart disease.,"A genome-wide association study has recognized C6orf10-BTNL2 polymorphism in coronary artery disease. The goal of this study was to explore the potential correlation of nine missense TSBP1 variants with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in the Chinese Han population. Nine TSBP1 missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected for genotyping by the Agena MassARRAY platform. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to analyze the contribution of TSBP1 SNPs to CHD predisposition by logistic regression models adjusted by age, sex, drinking, and smoking. The correlation of TSBP1 variants with clinical data in CHD patients was examined by Kruskal-Wallis test. rs9268368-C (p = 0.039, OR = 1.18, 95 % CI: 1.01-1.38) was related to an increased risk of CHD, while rs3749966-C (p = 0.032, OR = 0.49, 95 % CI: 0.25-0.96) and rs3129941-A (p = 0.011, OR = 0.74, 95 % CI: 0.59-0.93) might be protective factors against CHD occurrence in the Chinese Han population. We also observed the effects of demographic characteristics (age, sex, alcohol consumption, and smoking) and complications (hypertension and diabetes) on the interactive association of TSBP1 polymorphisms with CHD susceptibility. rs139993810 was related to the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, p = 0.030). Our findings determined the association of TSBP1 rs9268368, rs3749966, and rs3129941 with CHD occurrence in the Chinese Han population, and highlighted the influence of demographic characteristics and complications on the interactive association of TSBP1 polymorphisms with CHD risk.",Gene,2024,Wei Yang; Xuguang Li; Xuemei Li; Baoping Hu; Shilin Xu; Hengxun Zhang; Yuhe Wang; Tianbo Jin; Yongjun He,10.1016/j.gene.2023.148042,Journal Article,smoking,False,Wei Yang et al. (2024). Impact of missense TSBP1 variants on the susceptibility to coronary heart disease. Gene.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38042215/
38734675,Phospholipid biomarkers of coronary heart disease.,"Coronary heart disease, also known as ischemic heart disease, is induced by atherosclerosis, which is initiated by subendothelial retention of lipoproteins. Plasma lipoproteins, including high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein, and chylomicron, are composed of a surface monolayer containing phospholipids and cholesterol and a hydrophobic core containing triglycerides and cholesteryl esters. Phospholipids play a crucial role in the binding of apolipoproteins and enzymes to lipoprotein surfaces, thereby regulating lipoprotein metabolism. High LDL-cholesterol is a well-known risk factor for coronary heart disease, and statins reduce the risk of coronary heart disease by lowering LDL-cholesterol levels. In contrast, the relationships of phospholipids in plasma lipoproteins with coronary heart disease have not yet been established. To further clarify the physiological and pathological roles of phospholipids, we have developed the simple high-throughput assays for quantifying all major phospholipid classes, namely phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol + cardiolipin, and sphingomyelin, using combinations of specific enzymes and a fluorogenic probe. These enzymatic fluorometric assays will be helpful in elucidating the associations between phospholipid classes in plasma lipoproteins and coronary heart disease and in identifying phospholipid biomarkers. This review describes recent progress in the identification of phospholipid biomarkers of coronary heart disease.",Journal of pharmaceutical health care and sciences,2024,Shin-Ya Morita,10.1186/s40780-024-00344-y,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,Shin-Ya Morita et al. (2024). Phospholipid biomarkers of coronary heart disease. Journal of pharmaceutical health care and sciences.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38734675/
37329413,"Hypothyroidism, lipids, and lipidomics.","Hypothyroidism is a relatively common endocrine disorder and is well documented to be associated with lipid abnormalities. A narrative review was conducted of studies describing the alterations in the lipid profile accompanying both subclinical and overt hypothyroidism. Lipid abnormalities are seen with TSH values in the upper end of the accepted reference range, as well as with subclinical and overt hypothyroidism. The degree of lipid derangement is generally proportional to the degree of TSH elevation. Other factors such as age, sex, and body mass index can also influence the pattern of the lipid abnormalities seen. The most robust finding with TSH elevation is increases in the low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Thyroid hormone treatment is efficacious in reversing the lipid abnormalities in both subclinical and overt hypothyroidism. Given the association of lipid abnormalities with metabolic and cardiovascular disease, consideration of hypothyroidism as an important non-communicable disease may facilitate studies that test the hypothesis that thyroid hormone treatment to reverse hypothyroidism-associated lipid abnormalities may improve metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes.",Endocrine,2024,Jacqueline Jonklaas,10.1007/s12020-023-03420-9,Journal Article; Review,bmi; cholesterol,False,"Jacqueline Jonklaas et al. (2024). Hypothyroidism, lipids, and lipidomics. Endocrine.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37329413/
39235944,Nogo-B inhibition facilitates cholesterol metabolism to reduce hypercholesterolemia.,"The strategy of lowering cholesterol levels by promoting cholesterol excretion is still lacking, and few molecular targets act on multiple cholesterol metabolic processes. In this study, we find that Nogo-B deficiency/inhibition simultaneously promotes hepatic uptake of cholesterol and cholesterol excretion. Nogo-B deficiency decreases cholesterol levels by activating ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCs), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expression. We discover that Nogo-B interacts with liver X receptor α (LXRα), and Nogo-B deficiency inhibits ubiquitination degradation of LXRα, thereby enhancing its function on cholesterol excretion. Decreased cellular cholesterol levels further activate SREBP2 and LDLR expression, thereby promoting hepatic uptake of cholesterol. Nogo-B inhibition decreases atherosclerotic plaques and cholesterol levels in mice, and Nogo-B levels are correlated to cholesterol levels in human plasma. In this study, Nogo-B deficiency/inhibition not only promotes hepatic uptake of blood cholesterol but also facilitates cholesterol excretion. This study reports a strategy to lower cholesterol levels by inhibiting Nogo-B expression to promote hepatic cholesterol uptake and cholesterol excretion.",Cell reports,2024,Chao Xue; Peng Zeng; Ke Gong; Qian Li; Zian Feng; Mengyao Wang; Shasha Chen; Yanfang Yang; Jiaqi Li; Shuang Zhang; Zequn Yin; Yingquan Liang; Tengteng Yan; Miao Yu; Ke Feng; Dan Zhao; Xiaoxiao Yang; Xia Zhang; Likun Ma; Yasuko Iwakiri; Liang Chen; Xiaoqiang Tang; Yuanli Chen; Houzao Chen; Yajun Duan,10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114691,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",cholesterol,False,Chao Xue et al. (2024). Nogo-B inhibition facilitates cholesterol metabolism to reduce hypercholesterolemia. Cell reports.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39235944/
39717102,Higher remnant cholesterol increases the risk of coronary heart disease and diabetes in postmenopausal women.,"Postmenopausal women represent the demographic increasingly susceptible to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Elevated levels of remnant cholesterol (RC) have been implicated in atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between RC and the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD), diabetes, and CHD combined with diabetes in a nationally representative sample of US postmenopausal women using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the association between RC and the outcomes of interest. Nonlinear associations were assessed using restricted cubic splines (RCS), and subgroup analyses, along with interaction tests, were performed. A total of 1611 participants were included in the final analysis. Higher RC levels were significantly associated with increased risks of CHD [OR=1.67, 95%CI (1.02, 2.74)], diabetes [OR=1.77, 95%CI (1.22, 2.58)], and CHD combined with diabetes [OR=2.28, 95%CI (1.17, 4.42)] (all P<0.05). Compared to the lowest RC quartile (Q1), the highest quartile (Q4) demonstrated elevated incidences of CHD [OR=1.76, 95%CI (1.04, 2.98)], diabetes [OR=1.81, 95%CI (1.30, 2.53)], and CHD combined with diabetes [OR=3.08, 95%CI (1.29, 7.37)] (all P<0.05). RCS curves indicated a nearly linear relationship between RC and the risks of CHD, diabetes, and CHD combined with diabetes. Our study reveals a significant positive correlation between RC levels and the prevalence of CHD, diabetes, and CHD combined with diabetes among postmenopausal women. Understanding these associations could potentially inform targeted prevention and management strategies tailored to this vulnerable population.",Frontiers in endocrinology,2024,Yan Zhang; Kexin Song; Shuli Bi; Mingyang Li; Zhuhua Yao,10.3389/fendo.2024.1475933,Journal Article,cholesterol; diabetes,False,Yan Zhang et al. (2024). Higher remnant cholesterol increases the risk of coronary heart disease and diabetes in postmenopausal women. Frontiers in endocrinology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39717102/
38474843,"Associations between Cholesterol Intake, Food Sources and Cardiovascular Disease in Chinese Residents.","Cholesterol is a nutrient commonly found in the human diet. The relationship between dietary cholesterol, its sources, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still a topic of debate. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary cholesterol, its sources, and cardiovascular events in a Chinese population. The present study analyzed data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) cohort between 1991 and 2015. This study analyzed data from 3903 participants who were 40 years of age or older at baseline and had no history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or hypertension. During a median follow-up of 14 years, 503 cardiovascular disease events were identified through follow-up questionnaires administered every 2-3 years. The events included fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, and other cardiovascular disease deaths. Cox regression was used to estimate risk ratios (HR) for CVD events after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors. It was discovered that sources of dietary cholesterol varied among different subgroups of the population. The top three sources of cholesterol among all participants were eggs, red meat, and seafood, accounting for 57.4%, 28.2%, and 9.0% of total daily cholesterol intake, respectively. The present study found that there was a significant association between total dietary cholesterol intake, and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (adjusted HR [95% CI]: total cholesterol (highest and lowest quartiles compared) 1.57 [1.17-2.11]). Cholesterol from poultry, seafood, and eggs was also significantly associated with a reduced risk of CVD (adjusted HR [95% CI]: poultry 0.18 [0.04-0.82], seafood 0.11 [0.02-0.54], and eggs 0.16 [0.03-0.73]). After adjusting for daily caloric intake, daily fat intake, and daily saturated fat intake, the previously observed association between red meat cholesterol and cardiovascular events (unadjusted HR [95% CI]: 0.44 [0.35-0.55]) was no longer statistically significant (adjusted HR [95% CI]: 0.21 [0.04-1.01]).",Nutrients,2024,Yuxue Cao; Yan Yu,10.3390/nu16050716,Journal Article,cholesterol,False,"Yuxue Cao et al. (2024). Associations between Cholesterol Intake, Food Sources and Cardiovascular Disease in Chinese Residents. Nutrients.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38474843/
37849044,Genetic backgrounds and diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia.,"Lipid disorders play a critical role in the intricate development of atherosclerosis and its clinical consequences, such as coronary heart disease and stroke. These disorders are responsible for a significant number of deaths in many adult populations worldwide. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder that causes extremely high levels of LDL cholesterol. The most common mutations occur in genes responsible for low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), apolipoprotein B (APOB), or proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). While genetic testing is a dependable method for diagnosing the disease, it may not detect primary mutations in 20%-40% of FH cases.",Clinical genetics,2024,Joanna Rogozik; Renata Główczyńska; Marcin Grabowski,10.1111/cge.14435,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,Joanna Rogozik et al. (2024). Genetic backgrounds and diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia. Clinical genetics.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37849044/
39809508,Cholesterol-Lowering Activity of ,"Hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor of coronary heart disease and cholesterol-lowering probiotics are seen as alternative to drugs for the management of this condition. In the present study, we evaluated the cholesterol-lowering activity of",Journal of microbiology and biotechnology,2024,Karthiyaini Damodharan; Sasikumar Arunachalam Palaniyandi; Seung Hwan Yang; Seetharaman Balaji,10.4014/jmb.2409.04029,Journal Article,cholesterol,False,Karthiyaini Damodharan et al. (2024). Cholesterol-Lowering Activity of  Journal of microbiology and biotechnology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39809508/
38652975,Differential age-specific associations of LDL cholesterol and body mass index with coronary heart disease.,"Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) and body mass index (BMI) are not always correlated and their relationship is probably dependent on age, indicating differential age-specific associations of these factors with health outcomes. We aim to discriminate the roles of LDLc and BMI in coronary heart disease (CHD) across different age groups. This is a prospective cohort study of 368,274 participants aged 38-73 years and free of CHD at baseline. LDLc and BMI were measured at baseline, and incident CHD was the main outcome. Cox proportional hazards model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression were used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of exposure on CHD. After a mean of 12 years of follow-up, similar relationships of LDLc and BMI with CHD risk were observed in the overall population but in differential age-specific patterns. Across the age groups of <50, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64 and ≥ 65 years, the LDLc-CHD association diminished with the adjusted HRs decreasing from 1.35, 1.26, 1.19, 1.11 to 1.08; while no declining trend was found in BMI-CHD relationship with the adjusted HRs of 1.15, 1.11, 1.12, 1.13 and 1.15, respectively. The interaction and mediation between LDLc and BMI on CHD risk were more pronounced at young-age groups. LDLc-CHD but not BMI-CHD association was dependent on sex, metabolic syndrome and lipid-lowering drugs use. There were differential age-specific associations of LDLc and BMI with the risk of developing CHD, calling for future efforts to discriminate the age-different benefits from lipids management or weight control on the primary prevention for CHD.",Atherosclerosis,2024,Jun Xiao; Hongye Wei; Ziting Gao; Liangwan Chen; Weimin Ye; Wuqing Huang,10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117542,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",bmi; cholesterol,False,Jun Xiao et al. (2024). Differential age-specific associations of LDL cholesterol and body mass index with coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38652975/
39290028,[Research progress of lipid-derived parameters in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease].,"Dyslipidemia stands as an autonomous peril in the realm of atherosclerotic cardiovascular maladies. Prompt identification and timely intervention in the case of dyslipidemia hold promise for substantially curbing the onset and fatality rates associated with coronary heart disease. Traditional lipid surveillance metrics employed in clinical settings, such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, exhibit notable limitations. Conversely, lipid-derived parameters emerge as formidable contenders, demonstrating a capacity to amalgamate and quantify disparate risk factors and multifactorial etiologies inherent in a given disease. By encompassing a broader spectrum of information than singular indices, these parameters offer a more profound insight into disease progression by virtue of their grounding in the physiological intricacies of lipid metabolism. Drawing upon extant domestic and international guidelines and research, this discourse delineates and synthesizes four lipid-derived parameters with promising clinical applications: atherogenic index of plasma, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio, and lipoprotein combine index, and forwards a perspective grounded in current strides in clinical research.",Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine],2024,S Z Huang; M Y Yu,10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240304-00183,Journal Article; Review; English Abstract,cholesterol,False,S Z Huang et al. (2024). [Research progress of lipid-derived parameters in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease]. Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine].,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39290028/
38794685,The Lipid-Heart Hypothesis and the Keys Equation Defined the Dietary Guidelines but Ignored the Impact of ,"In response to a perceived epidemic of coronary heart disease, Ancel Keys introduced the lipid-heart hypothesis in 1953 which asserted that high intakes of total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol lead to atherosclerosis and that consuming less fat and cholesterol, and replacing saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat, would reduce serum cholesterol and consequently the risk of heart disease. Keys proposed an equation that would predict the concentration of serum cholesterol (ΔChol.) from the consumption of saturated fat (ΔS), polyunsaturated fat (ΔP), and cholesterol (ΔZ): ΔChol. = 1.2(2ΔS - ΔP) + 1.5ΔZ. However, the Keys equation conflated natural saturated fat and industrial",Nutrients,2024,Mary T Newport; Fabian M Dayrit,10.3390/nu16101447,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,Mary T Newport et al. (2024). The Lipid-Heart Hypothesis and the Keys Equation Defined the Dietary Guidelines but Ignored the Impact of  Nutrients.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38794685/
38419039,Association between different insulin resistance surrogates and all-cause mortality in patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension: NHANES longitudinal cohort study.,"Studies on the relationship between insulin resistance (IR) surrogates and long-term all-cause mortality in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and hypertension are lacking. This study aimed to explore the relationship between different IR surrogates and all-cause mortality and identify valuable predictors of survival status in this population. The data came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2001-2018) and National Death Index (NDI). Multivariate Cox regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were performed to evaluate the relationship between homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), triglyceride glucose index (TyG index), triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI index) and all-cause mortality. The recursive algorithm was conducted to calculate inflection points when segmenting effects were found. Then, segmented Kaplan-Meier analysis, LogRank tests, and multivariable Cox regression were carried out. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration curves were drawn to evaluate the differentiation and accuracy of IR surrogates in predicting the all-cause mortality. Stratified analysis and interaction tests were conducted according to age, gender, diabetes, cancer, hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering drug use. 1126 participants were included in the study. During the median follow-up of 76 months, 455 participants died. RCS showed that HOMA-IR had a segmented effect on all-cause mortality. 3.59 was a statistically significant inflection point. When the HOMA-IR was less than 3.59, it was negatively associated with all-cause mortality [HR = 0.87,95%CI (0.78, 0.97)]. Conversely, when the HOMA-IR was greater than 3.59, it was positively associated with all-cause mortality [HR = 1.03,95%CI (1.00, 1.05)]. ROC and calibration curves indicated that HOMA-IR was a reliable predictor of survival status (area under curve = 0,812). No interactions between HOMA-IR and stratified variables were found. The relationship between HOMA-IR and all-cause mortality was U-shaped in patients with CHD and hypertension. HOMA-IR was a reliable predictor of all-cause mortality in this population.",Cardiovascular diabetology,2024,Xin-Zheng Hou; Yan-Fei Lv; Yu-Shan Li; Qian Wu; Qian-Yu Lv; Ying-Tian Yang; Lan-Lan Li; Xue-Jiao Ye; Chen-Yan Yang; Man-Shi Wang; Lin-Lin Cao; Shi-Han Wang,10.1186/s12933-024-02173-7,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",bmi; hypertension,False,Xin-Zheng Hou et al. (2024). Association between different insulin resistance surrogates and all-cause mortality in patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension: NHANES longitudinal cohort study. Cardiovascular diabetology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38419039/
37712135,Lifestyle management of hypertension: International Society of Hypertension position paper endorsed by the World Hypertension League and European Society of Hypertension.,"Hypertension, defined as persistently elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) >140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at least 90 mmHg (International Society of Hypertension guidelines), affects over 1.5 billion people worldwide. Hypertension is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (e.g. coronary heart disease, heart failure and stroke) and death. An international panel of experts convened by the International Society of Hypertension College of Experts compiled lifestyle management recommendations as first-line strategy to prevent and control hypertension in adulthood. We also recommend that lifestyle changes be continued even when blood pressure-lowering medications are prescribed. Specific recommendations based on literature evidence are summarized with advice to start these measures early in life, including maintaining a healthy body weight, increased levels of different types of physical activity, healthy eating and drinking, avoidance and cessation of smoking and alcohol use, management of stress and sleep levels. We also discuss the relevance of specific approaches including consumption of sodium, potassium, sugar, fibre, coffee, tea, intermittent fasting as well as integrated strategies to implement these recommendations using, for example, behaviour change-related technologies and digital tools.",Journal of hypertension,2024,Fadi J Charchar; Priscilla R Prestes; Charlotte Mills; Siew Mooi Ching; Dinesh Neupane; Francine Z Marques; James E Sharman; Liffert Vogt; Louise M Burrell; Lyudmila Korostovtseva; Manja Zec; Mansi Patil; Martin G Schultz; Matthew P Wallen; Nicolás F Renna; Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam; Swapnil Hiremath; Tshewang Gyeltshen; Yook-Chin Chia; Abhinav Gupta; Aletta E Schutte; Britt Klein; Claudio Borghi; Colette J Browning; Marta Czesnikiewicz-Guzik; Hae-Young Lee; Hiroshi Itoh; Katsuyuki Miura; Mattias Brunström; Norm R C Campbell; Olutope Arinola Akinnibossun; Praveen Veerabhadrappa; Richard D Wainford; Ruan Kruger; Shane A Thomas; Takahiro Komori; Udaya Ralapanawa; Véronique A Cornelissen; Vikas Kapil; Yan Li; Yuqing Zhang; Tazeen H Jafar; Nadia Khan; Bryan Williams; George Stergiou; Maciej Tomaszewski,10.1097/HJH.0000000000003563,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Consensus Statement",hypertension,False,Fadi J Charchar et al. (2024). Lifestyle management of hypertension: International Society of Hypertension position paper endorsed by the World Hypertension League and European Society of Hypertension. Journal of hypertension.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37712135/
39357329,Neutrophil extracellular traps and cardiovascular disease: Associations and potential therapeutic approaches.,"Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant global health concern, ranking among the top five causes of disability-adjusted life-years (DALY) in 190 countries and territories. Neutrophils, key players in the innate immune system, combat infections by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) composed of DNA, histones, elastase, myeloperoxidase, and antimicrobial peptides. This paper explores the relationship between NETs and cardiovascular diseases, focusing on conditions such as heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Particularly, it delves into the impact of NETs on atrial fibrillation and pulmonary hypertension, as well as the role of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase (NE) in these diseases. Furthermore, the potential of targeting NETs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases is discussed.",Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie,2024,Yiyue Tang; Yang Jiao; Xiaohua An; Qingxian Tu; Qianfeng Jiang,10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117476,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Yiyue Tang et al. (2024). Neutrophil extracellular traps and cardiovascular disease: Associations and potential therapeutic approaches. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39357329/
39455184,Sleep Deficiency and Cardiometabolic Disease.,"Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that short sleep duration is associated with an increased risk of cardio-metabolic health outcomes including cardiovascular disease mortality, coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. Experimental sleep restriction studies have sought to explain these findings. This review describes the main evidence of these associations and possible mechanisms explaining them. Whether sleep extension reverses these now widely acknowledged adverse health effects and the feasibility of implementing such strategies on a public health level is discussed.",Sleep medicine clinics,2024,Roo Killick; Lachlan Stranks; Camilla M Hoyos,10.1016/j.jsmc.2024.07.011,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Roo Killick et al. (2024). Sleep Deficiency and Cardiometabolic Disease. Sleep medicine clinics.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39455184/
38509679,Targeting Hypertension: A Review on Pathophysiological Factors and Treatment Strategies.,"Hypertension is one of the primary causes of cardiovascular diseases and death, with a higher prevalence in low- and middle-income countries. The pathophysiology of hypertension remains complex, with 2% to 5% of patients having underlying renal or adrenal disorders. The rest are referred to as essential hypertension, with derangements in various physiological mechanisms potentially contributing to the development of essential hypertension. Hypertension elevates the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke) and mortality. First-line therapy for hypertension is lifestyle change, which includes weight loss, a balanced diet that includes low salt and high potassium intake, physical exercise, and limitation or elimination of alcohol use. Blood pressure-lowering effects of individual lifestyle components are partially additive, enhancing the efficacy of pharmaceutical treatment. The choice to begin antihypertensive medication should be based on the level of blood pressure and the existence of a high atherosclerotic CVD risk. First-line hypertension treatment includes a thiazide or thiazide-like diuretic, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker, and a calcium channel blocker. Addressing hypertension will require continued efforts to improve access to diagnosis, treatment, and lifestyle interventions.",Current hypertension reviews,2024,Ruhani Raj; Minakshi Garg; Anupreet Kaur,10.2174/0115734021293403240309165336,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Ruhani Raj et al. (2024). Targeting Hypertension: A Review on Pathophysiological Factors and Treatment Strategies. Current hypertension reviews.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38509679/
38473958,"Special Issue: ""New Trends in Diabetes, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Diseases"".","Cardiovascular disease (CVD) encompasses a range of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels, including coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease [...].",International journal of molecular sciences,2024,Yutang Wang; Dianna J Magliano,10.3390/ijms25052711,Editorial,diabetes; hypertension,False,"Yutang Wang et al. (2024). Special Issue: ""New Trends in Diabetes, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Diseases"". International journal of molecular sciences.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38473958/
39606264,Ginsenoside Rb,"Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs), which are circulatory system diseases caused by heart defects and vascular diseases, are the major noncommunicable diseases affecting global public health. With the improvement of economic level and the change of human lifestyle, the prevalence of CCVDs continues to increase.",Chinese herbal medicines,2024,Yueqin Song; Chen Chen; Wei Li,10.1016/j.chmed.2024.09.006,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Yueqin Song et al. (2024). Ginsenoside Rb Chinese herbal medicines.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39606264/
39229711,Sex Differences in Hypertension and Its Management Throughout Life.,"The prevalence of hypertension and uncontrolled hypertension may differ by age and sex. We included participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study at seven study visits over 33 years (visit 1: 15 636 participants; mean age, 54 years; 55% women), estimating sex differences in prevalence of hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg; diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mm Hg; or self-reported antihypertension medication use) and uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg) using unadjusted and comorbidity-adjusted models. The prevalence of hypertension increased with age from 40% (ages, 43-46 years) to 93% (ages, 91-94 years). Within hypertensive individuals, the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension was higher in men (33%) than women (23%) at ages 43 to 46 years but became higher in women than men starting at ages 61 to 64, with 56% of women and 40% men having uncontrolled hypertension at ages 91 to 94. This sex difference was not explained by differences in coronary heart disease, diabetes, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, number of antihypertension medications, classes of medications, or adherence to medications. In both sexes, uncontrolled hypertension was associated with a higher risk for chronic kidney disease progression (hazard ratio, 1.5 [1.2-1.9]; Sex differences in the prevalence of hypertension and uncontrolled hypertension vary by age, with the latter having implications for health throughout the life course.","Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)",2024,Wan-Jin Yeo; Rahul Abraham; Aditya L Surapaneni; Pascal Schlosser; Shoshana H Ballew; Bige Ozkan; Carina M Flaherty; Bing Yu; Joseph V Bonventre; Chirag R Parikh; Paul L Kimmel; Ramachandran S Vasan; Josef Coresh; Morgan E Grams,10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.22980,Journal Article; Multicenter Study,hypertension,False,"Wan-Jin Yeo et al. (2024). Sex Differences in Hypertension and Its Management Throughout Life. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979).",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39229711/
39697453,Cardiac evaluation of renal transplant candidates with heart failure.,"Patients with advanced kidney disease are at elevated risk of developing heart failure and appropriate risk stratification is important to permit them to receive kidney transplantation. The American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology joint statement provides guidance on risk stratification for the major cause of heart failure for these patients in its recommendations for coronary heart disease. Herein we provide an overview of the available literature on risk stratification for nonischemic heart failure and functional heart disease states such as pulmonary hypertension. Many of these options for optimizing these patients before transplant include optimizing their volume status, often with more aggressive ultrafiltration. Kidney transplantation remains the treatment of choice for patients with advanced kidney disease and cardiac disease, the correction of the azotemic substances with kidney transplantation has been associated with improved survival than remaining on dialysis long-term. The findings in the studies reviewed here are expected to help clinicians refine current strategies for evaluating potential kidney transplant recipients.",World journal of transplantation,2024,Amer Ashaab Belal; Alfonso Hernandez Santos; Amir Kazory,10.5500/wjt.v14.i4.96017,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Amer Ashaab Belal et al. (2024). Cardiac evaluation of renal transplant candidates with heart failure. World journal of transplantation.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39697453/
38512812,Effects of ,"The aim of this study was to explore the effects of Ninjurin 2 (NINJ2) polymorphisms on susceptibility to coronary heart disease (CHD). We conducted a case-control study with 499 CHD cases and 505 age and gender-matched controls. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NINJ2 (rs118050317, rs75750647, rs7307242, rs10849390, and rs11610368) were genotyped by the Agena MassARRAY platform. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression analysis to assess the association of NINJ2 polymorphisms and CHD risk-adjusted for age and gender. What's more, risk genes and molecular functions were screened via protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and functional enrichment analysis. Rs118050317 in NINJ2 significantly increased CHD risk in people aged more than 60 years and women. Rs118050317 and rs7307242 had strong relationships with hypertension risk in CHD patients. Additionally, rs75750647 exceedingly raised diabetes risk in cases under multiple models, whereas rs10849390 could protect CHD patients from diabetes in allele, homozygote, and additive models. We also observed two blocks in NINJ2. Further interaction network and enrichment analysis showed that NINJ2 played a greater role in the pathogenesis and progression of CHD. Our results suggest that NINJ2 polymorphisms are associated with CHD risk.","Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)",2024,Yuping Yan; Xiaoyan Du; Xia Dou; Jingjie Li; Wenjie Zhang; Shuangyu Yang; Wenting Meng; Gang Tian,10.1080/15384101.2024.2330225,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",diabetes; hypertension,False,"Yuping Yan et al. (2024). Effects of  Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.).",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38512812/
38438909,Novel polymorphisms in CYP4A22 associated with susceptibility to coronary heart disease.,"Coronary heart disease (CHD) has become a worldwide public health problem. Genetic factors are considered important risk factors for CHD. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between CYP4A22 gene polymorphism and CHD susceptibility in the Chinese Han population. We used SNPStats online software to complete the association analysis among 962 volunteers. False-positive report probability analysis was used to confirm whether a positive result is noteworthy. Haploview software and SNPStats were used for haplotype analysis and linkage disequilibrium. Multi-factor dimensionality reduction was applied to evaluate the interaction between candidate SNPs. In overall and some stratified analyses (male, age ≤ 60 years or CHD patients complicated with hypertension), CYP4A22-rs12564525 (overall, OR = 0.83, p-value is 0.042) and CYP4A22-rs2056900 (overall, OR = 1.22, p-value is 0.032) were associated with the risk of CHD. CYP4A22-4926581 was associated with increased CHD risk only in some stratified analyses. FPRP indicated that all positive results in our study are noteworthy findings. In addition, MDR showed that the single-locus model composed of rs2056900 is the best model for predicting susceptibility to CHD. There are significant associations between susceptibility to CHD and CYP4A22 rs12564525, and rs2056900.",BMC medical genomics,2024,Kang Huang; Tianyi Ma; Qiang Li; Zanrui Zhong; Yilei Zhou; Wei Zhang; Ting Qin; Shilin Tang; Jianghua Zhong; Shijuan Lu,10.1186/s12920-024-01833-7,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",hypertension,False,Kang Huang et al. (2024). Novel polymorphisms in CYP4A22 associated with susceptibility to coronary heart disease. BMC medical genomics.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38438909/
38597066,The current position of β-blockers in hypertension: guidelines and clinical practice.,"The benefits of improved clinical outcomes through blood pressure (BP) reduction have been proven in multiple clinical trials and meta-analyses. The new (2023) guideline from the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) includes β-blockers within five main classes of antihypertensive agents suitable for initiation of antihypertensive pharmacotherapy and for combination with other antihypertensive agents. This is in contrast to the 2018 edition of ESH guidelines that recommended β-blockers for use primarily in patients with compelling indications such as cardiovascular comorbidities, e.g. coronary heart disease, heart failure. This change was based on the fact that the magnitude of BP reduction is the most important factor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes, over and above the precise manner in which reduced BP is achieved. The ESH guideline also supports the use of β-blockers for patients with resting heart rate (>80 bpm); high resting heart rate is a sign of sympathetic overactivity, an important driver of adverse cardiac remodelling in the setting of hypertension and heart failure. Hypertension management guidelines support for the use of combination therapies for almost all patients with hypertension, ideally within a single-pill combination to optimise adherence to therapy. Where a β-blocker is prescribed, the inclusion of a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker within a combination regimen is rational. These agents together reduce both peripheral and central BP, which epidemiological studies have shown is important for reducing the burden of premature morbidity and mortality associated with uncontrolled hypertension, especially strokes.",Current medical research and opinion,2024,Felix Mahfoud; Jiguang Wang; Saumitra Ray,10.1080/03007995.2024.2318003,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review",hypertension,False,Felix Mahfoud et al. (2024). The current position of β-blockers in hypertension: guidelines and clinical practice. Current medical research and opinion.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38597066/
37357524,Current Landscape of Therapeutics for the Management of Hypertension - A Review.,"Hypertension is a critical health problem. It is also the primary reason for coronary heart disease, stroke, and renal vascular disease. The use of herbal drugs in the management of any disease is increasing. They are considered the best immune booster to fight against several types of diseases. To date, the demand for herbal drugs has been increasing because of their excellent properties. This review highlights antihypertensive drugs, polyphenols, and synbiotics for managing hypertension. Evidence is mounting in favour of more aggressive blood pressure control with reduced adverse effects, especially for specific patient populations. This review aimed to present contemporary viewpoints and novel treatment options, including cutting-edge technological applications and emerging interventional and pharmaceutical therapies, as well as key concerns arising from several years of research and epidemiological observations related to the management of hypertension.",Current drug delivery,2024,Neda Fatima; Sumel Ashique; Aakash Upadhyay; Shubneesh Kumar; Himanshu Kumar; Nitish Kumar; Prashant Kumar,10.2174/1567201820666230623121433,Review; Journal Article,hypertension,False,Neda Fatima et al. (2024). Current Landscape of Therapeutics for the Management of Hypertension - A Review. Current drug delivery.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37357524/
38581039,Oral-gut microbial transmission promotes diabetic coronary heart disease.,"Diabetes is a predominant driver of coronary artery disease worldwide. This study aims to unravel the distinct characteristics of oral and gut microbiota in diabetic coronary heart disease (DCHD). Simultaneously, we aim to establish a causal link between the diabetes-driven oral-gut microbiota axis and increased susceptibility to diabetic myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). We comprehensively investigated the microbial landscape in the oral and gut microbiota in DCHD using a discovery cohort (n = 183) and a validation chohort (n = 68). Systematically obtained oral (tongue-coating) and fecal specimens were subjected to metagenomic sequencing and qPCR analysis, respectively, to holistically characterize the microbial consortia. Next, we induced diabetic MIRI by administering streptozotocin to C57BL/6 mice and subsequently investigated the potential mechanisms of the oral-gut microbiota axis through antibiotic pre-treatment followed by gavage with specific bacterial strains (Fusobacterium nucleatum or fecal microbiota from DCHD patients) to C57BL/6 mice. Specific microbial signatures such as oral Fusobacterium nucleatum and gut Lactobacillus, Eubacterium, and Roseburia faecis, were identified as potential microbial biomarkers in DCHD. We further validated that oral Fusobacterium nucleatum and gut Lactobacillus are increased in DCHD patients, with a positive correlation between the two. Experimental evidence revealed that in hyperglycemic mice, augmented Fusobacterium nucleatum levels in the oral cavity were accompanied by an imbalance in the oral-gut axis, characterized by an increased coexistence of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Lactobacillus, along with elevated cardiac miRNA-21 and a greater extent of myocardial damage indicated by TTC, HE, TUNEL staining, all of which contributed to exacerbated MIRI. Our findings not only uncover dysregulation of the oral-gut microbiota axis in diabetes patients but also highlight the pivotal intermediary role of the increased abundance of oral F. nucleatum and gut Lactobacillus in exacerbating MIRI. Targeting the oral-gut microbiota axis emerges as a potent strategy for preventing and treating DCHD. Oral-gut microbial transmission constitutes an intermediate mechanism by which diabetes influences myocardial injury, offering new insights into preventing acute events in diabetic patients with coronary heart disease.",Cardiovascular diabetology,2024,Yiwen Li; Yanfei Liu; Jing Cui; Mengmeng Zhu; Wenting Wang; Keji Chen; Luqi Huang; Yue Liu,10.1186/s12933-024-02217-y,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",diabetes,False,Yiwen Li et al. (2024). Oral-gut microbial transmission promotes diabetic coronary heart disease. Cardiovascular diabetology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38581039/
39186911,Differences in HDL-related coronary heart disease risk between individuals with and without diabetes.,"High-density lipoprotein (HDL) might lose atheroprotective functions in the presence of diabetes. We sought to examine associations of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and HDL particle (HDL-P) subclasses with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) stratified by diabetes. We included 393,516 participants (20,691 diabetics and 372,825 nondiabetics) from the UK Biobank. Restricted cubic splines cooperated with Cox model were used to estimate associations of HDL with CHD. During a median follow-up of 13.0 years, 3398 (16.4 %) and 24,772 (6.6 %) incident CHD events occurred among diabetics and nondiabetics, respectively. HDL-C showed inverse associations with CHD among nondiabetics, whereas U-shaped associations among diabetics. Compared to individuals with normal HDL-C (40th - 60th percentile, 1.32-1.51 mmol/L), those in the top percentile (95th, >2.16 mmol/L) had lower CHD risks among nondiabetics (Hazard Ratio, 0.79; 95 % confidence interval, 0.73-0.86), but higher risks among diabetics (1.38, 1.02-1.88). As for HDL-P, there were inverted U-shaped associations of very large HDL-P and linearly negative associations of large HDL-P with CHD among nondiabetics; however, linearly positive associations of very large HDL-P and null associations of large HDL were observed among diabetics. L-shaped associations of medium and small HDL-P were found both in diabetics and nondiabetics. Very high HDL-C levels were associated with lower CHD risks in nondiabetics, but higher risks in diabetics. Smaller HDL-P was negatively, whereas very large HDL-P was positively associated with CHD risk in diabetics. These data advance our knowledge about the interactions between HDL and diabetes.",Atherosclerosis,2024,Jun-Xiang Chen; Qi Lu; Tingting Geng; Yuexuan Wang; Yi Wang; Rui Li; Peng-Fei Xia; Kun-Quan Guo; Kun Yang; Wen-Wei Tong; Gang Liu; An Pan; Yun-Fei Liao,10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.118553,"Journal Article; Comparative Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",diabetes,False,Jun-Xiang Chen et al. (2024). Differences in HDL-related coronary heart disease risk between individuals with and without diabetes. Atherosclerosis.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39186911/
39322091,"Gestational diabetes mellitus, body mass index, and cardiometabolic multimorbidity: A prospective cohort study.","Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) could increase the risks of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. However, evidence on its association with cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) was limited. This study aimed to evaluate the association between GDM and the prevalence, incidence, patterns, and progression of CMM; and the role of body mass index (BMI) in such association. This study included 203,372 women who have given birth in UK Biobank. The diagnoses of GDM and cardiometabolic diseases (including stroke, coronary heart disease [CHD], and T2DM) were reported by participants or obtained through linkage to inpatient hospital data until 31st December 2020. BMI was assessed at the baseline assessment. CMM was defined as having two or more of included cardiometabolic diseases. Logistic regression models and Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between GDM and CMM, and the modifications on both additive and multiplicative scales were assessed to evaluate the effect of BMI on such association. A total of 1217 women had a history of GDM, 2351 participants had CMM at the end of follow-up and 1601 was newly diagnosed during follow-up. GDM was associated with higher prevalence (odds ratio [OR]=4.64, 95 % confidence interval [95 % CI]=3.54-6.08) and incidence (hazard ratio [HR]=3.62, 95 % CI=2.62-5.00) of CMM. In particular, GDM was associated with higher odds of T2DM, coexisting T2DM and vascular disease, and T2DM followed by vascular disease. Formal testing for effect modification suggested multiplicative modification by BMI for the association between GDM and incident CMM. GDM was associated with CMM in women's late life, with multiplicative modification effects of BMI. Our results suggest that maternal and lifestyle interventions (e.g., weight management) are warranted for the primary and secondary prevention of CMM, particularly in women with a history of GDM.",Annals of epidemiology,2024,Yue Zhang; Qingqing Tao; Yangyang Cheng; Muhammad Fawad; Zhaoxia Liang; Xiaolin Xu,10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.09.002,Journal Article,bmi; diabetes,False,"Yue Zhang et al. (2024). Gestational diabetes mellitus, body mass index, and cardiometabolic multimorbidity: A prospective cohort study. Annals of epidemiology.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39322091/
38104795,Lipidomics identified novel cholesterol-independent predictors for risk of incident coronary heart disease: Mediation of risk from diabetes and aggravation of risk by ambient air pollution.,"Previous lipidomics studies have identified various lipid predictors for cardiovascular risk, however, with limited predictive increment, sometimes using too many predictor variables at the expense of practical efficiency. To search for lipid predictors of future coronary heart disease (CHD) with stronger predictive power and efficiency to guide primary intervention. We conducted a prospective nested case-control study involving 1,621 incident CHD cases and 1:1 matched controls. Lipid profiling of 161 lipid species for baseline fasting plasma was performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In search of CHD predictors, seven lipids were selected by elastic-net regression during over 90% of 1000 cross-validation repetitions, and the derived composite lipid score showed an adjusted odds ratio of 3.75 (95% confidence interval: 3.15, 4.46) per standard deviation increase. Addition of the lipid score into traditional risk model increased c-statistic to 0.736 by an increment of 0.077 (0.063, 0.092). From the seven lipids, we found mediation of CHD risk from baseline diabetes through sphingomyelin (SM) 41:1b with a considerable mediation proportion of 36.97% (P < 0.05). We further found that the positive associations of phosphatidylcholine (PC) 36:0a, SM 41:1b, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) 18:0 and LPC 20:3 were more pronounced among participants with higher exposure to fine particulate matter or its certain components, also to ozone for LPC 18:0 and LPC 20:3, while the negative association of cholesteryl ester (CE) 18:2 was attenuated with higher black carbon exposure (P < 0.05). We identified seven lipid species with greatest predictive increment so-far achieved for incident CHD, and also found novel biomarkers for CHD risk stratification among individuals with diabetes or heavy air pollution exposure.",Journal of advanced research,2024,Yingmei Li; Hao Wang; Yang Xiao; Handong Yang; Sihan Wang; Ling Liu; Hao Cai; Xiaomin Zhang; Huiru Tang; Tangchun Wu; Gaokun Qiu,10.1016/j.jare.2023.12.009,Journal Article,diabetes,False,Yingmei Li et al. (2024). Lipidomics identified novel cholesterol-independent predictors for risk of incident coronary heart disease: Mediation of risk from diabetes and aggravation of risk by ambient air pollution. Journal of advanced research.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38104795/
39059347,Advances in small-molecule insulin secretagogues for diabetes treatment.,"Diabetes, a metabolic disease caused by abnormally high levels of blood glucose, has a high prevalence rate worldwide and causes a series of complications, including coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, end-stage renal disease, and retinopathy. Small-molecule compounds have been developed as drugs for the treatment of diabetes because of their oral advantages. Insulin secretagogues are a class of small-molecule drugs used to treat diabetes, and include sulfonylureas, non-sulfonylureas, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, and other novel small-molecule insulin secretagogues. However, many small-molecule compounds cause different side effects, posing huge challenges to drug monotherapy and drug selection. Therefore, the use of different small-molecule drugs must be improved. This article reviews the mechanism, advantages, limitations, and potential risks of small-molecule insulin secretagogues to provide future research directions on small-molecule drugs for the treatment of diabetes.",Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie,2024,Jingqian Su; Jingran Xu; Shan Hu; Hui Ye; Lian Xie; Songying Ouyang,10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117179,Journal Article; Review,diabetes,False,Jingqian Su et al. (2024). Advances in small-molecule insulin secretagogues for diabetes treatment. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39059347/
37921158,Multi-level Analysis of HbA1c in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Diabetic Patients.,"Type 2 diabetes (T2D), a multifaceted metabolic disorder, may cause health tribulations and changes in biochemical blood markers. Other research has examined the relationships between several biomarkers and the risk of T2D. Few studies have examined the relationships between these biomarkers and potential changes to the network of biomarkers associated with diabetes. Glycated hemoglobin, or HbA1c, is used to evaluate and track the blood glucose history throughout the previous two to three months of testing. The ability to reflect the cumulative glycemic history of the previous two to three months makes HbA1c an essential biomarker of long-term glycemic control. HbA1c offers a trustworthy indicator of chronic hyperglycemia and strongly correlates with the likelihood of long-term consequences from diabetes. Additionally, elevated HbA1c has been recognized as a stand-alone risk factor for patients with and without diabetes developing coronary heart disease and stroke. One HbA1c test offers a wealth of information that makes it a reliable biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of diabetes. A clinical examination may be required to establish the connection between diabetes, prediabetes, biochemical blood indicators, age, and body mass index (BMI). We observed that diabetes, BMI, age, HbA1c, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, and HDL were all linked using multivariate analysis.",Current diabetes reviews,2024,Sukhes Mukherjee; Suman Kumar Ray; Ashish A Jadhav; Santosh L Wakode,10.2174/0115733998262501231015051317,Journal Article; Review,bmi; diabetes,False,Sukhes Mukherjee et al. (2024). Multi-level Analysis of HbA1c in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Diabetic Patients. Current diabetes reviews.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37921158/
38602215,[Patient with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease developing heart failure].,"Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are frequently exposed to comorbidities, mainly cardiovascular complications. Thus, a polypharmacy is often mandatory, targeting not only T2D but also comorbidities such as coronary artery disease and heart failure. Interestingly, some drugs improve glucose control, cardiovascular prognosis and heart failure outcome. This versatility may cause trouble regarding prescriptions by practitioners, especially because of the restricted conditions for the reimbursement in Belgium. This clinical vignette aims at discussing the path of pharmacotherapy for a patient with T2D who suffers from a myocardial infarction and subsequently develops a heart failure. It will mainly focus on the place of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporters 2 (gliflozins) as well as the potential of their combination in this context, considering the current restrictions for the reimbursement.",Revue medicale de Liege,2024,André Scheen; Nicolas Paquot; Patrizio Lancellotti,,English Abstract; Journal Article,diabetes,False,André Scheen et al. (2024). [Patient with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease developing heart failure]. Revue medicale de Liege.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38602215/
38720267,"Bayesian network analysis of factors influencing type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and their comorbidities.","Bayesian network (BN) models were developed to explore the specific relationships between influencing factors and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), coronary heart disease (CAD), and their comorbidities. The aim was to predict disease occurrence and diagnose etiology using these models, thereby informing the development of effective prevention and control strategies for T2DM, CAD, and their comorbidities. Employing a case-control design, the study compared individuals with T2DM, CAD, and their comorbidities (case group) with healthy counterparts (control group). Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify disease-influencing factors. The BN structure was learned using the Tabu search algorithm, with parameter estimation achieved through maximum likelihood estimation. The predictive performance of the BN model was assessed using the confusion matrix, and Netica software was utilized for visual prediction and diagnosis. The study involved 3,824 participants, including 1,175 controls, 1,163 T2DM cases, 982 CAD cases, and 504 comorbidity cases. The BN model unveiled factors directly and indirectly impacting T2DM, such as age, region, education level, and family history (FH). Variables like exercise, LDL-C, TC, fruit, and sweet food intake exhibited direct effects, while smoking, alcohol consumption, occupation, heart rate, HDL-C, meat, and staple food intake had indirect effects. Similarly, for CAD, factors with direct and indirect effects included age, smoking, SBP, exercise, meat, and fruit intake, while sleeping time and heart rate showed direct effects. Regarding T2DM and CAD comorbidities, age, FBG, SBP, fruit, and sweet intake demonstrated both direct and indirect effects, whereas exercise and HDL-C exhibited direct effects, and region, education level, DBP, and TC showed indirect effects. The BN model constructed using the Tabu search algorithm showcased robust predictive performance, reliability, and applicability in forecasting disease probabilities for T2DM, CAD, and their comorbidities. These findings offer valuable insights for enhancing prevention and control strategies and exploring the application of BN in predicting and diagnosing chronic diseases.",BMC public health,2024,Danli Kong; Rong Chen; Yongze Chen; Le Zhao; Ruixian Huang; Ling Luo; Fengxia Lai; Zihua Yang; Shuang Wang; Jingjing Zhang; Hao Chen; Zhenhua Mai; Haibing Yu; Keng Wu; Yuanlin Ding,10.1186/s12889-024-18737-x,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",diabetes,False,"Danli Kong et al. (2024). Bayesian network analysis of factors influencing type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and their comorbidities. BMC public health.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38720267/
39402572,Multiple triglyceride-derived metabolic indices and incident cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease.,"Triglyceride (TG) and its related metabolic indices are recognized as important biomarker gauging cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to explore the association between multiple TG-derived metabolic indices including the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) and cardiovascular outcomes to identify valuable predictors for cardiovascular prognosis in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and coronary heart disease (CHD). Data of 1034 patients with T2DM and CHD from China-Japan Friendship Hospital between January 2019 and March 2022 were collected and analyzed. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were conducted to examine the associations between AIP, TyG index, TyG-BMI and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was used to screen the most valuable predictor. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis was employed to examine the relationship between the predictor and prognosis. The goodness-of-fit of models was evaluated using the calibration curve and χ The overall incidence of MACCEs was 31.04% during a median of 13.3 months of follow-up. The results showed that AIP, TyG index and TyG-BMI were all positively correlated with the risk of MACCEs in patients with T2DM and CHD (P < 0.05). Furthermore, ROC (AUC = 0.899) suggested that AIP had the strongest ability to predict the risk of MACCEs, and the highest AIP values enhanced the risk by 83.5% in the population. RCS model demonstrated that AIP was nonlinearly associated with the incident cardiovascular outcomes (P for nonlinear = 0.0118). The Kaplan-Meier analysis for MACCEs grouped by the AIP tertiles indicated that the probability of cumulative incidences of MACCEs was significantly higher in patients with a higher AIP (all Log rank P < 0.001). Meanwhile, the calibration curve demonstrated an excellent goodness-of-fit of the multivariate model (χ Our study, for the first time, may provide valuable information that multiple TG-derived metabolic indices play a crucial role in the risk of MACCEs and it is recommended to monitor the AIP for lipid management in patients with established T2DM and CHD.",Cardiovascular diabetology,2024,Shiyi Tao; Lintong Yu; Jun Li; Li Huang; Tiantian Xue; Deshuang Yang; Xuanchun Huang; Chao Meng,10.1186/s12933-024-02446-1,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",bmi,False,Shiyi Tao et al. (2024). Multiple triglyceride-derived metabolic indices and incident cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease. Cardiovascular diabetology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39402572/
38720874,Associations of variability in body mass index with cardiovascular outcomes in the general population: A systematic review.,"In today's world, high variability of body mass index (BMI) is known as a significant global health problem that can lead to many negative impacts on the cardiovascular system, including atrial fibrillation (AF) and coronary heart disease. The current systematic review aims to elucidate the effect of variability in BMI on the risk of cardiovascular outcomes. Four databases, including PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, and CENTRAL, were searched. All related articles up to 10 June 2022, were obtained. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were reviewed. After screening abstracts and full texts, four articles were included in our study. In these four cohort studies, 7,038,873 participants from the USA and South Korea were involved. These articles generally considered the BMI and outcomes including cardiovascular disease, AF, and coronary heart disease. All these articles reported an association between the variability of BMI and increased risk of cardiovascular outcomes. Due to the negative impact of the high variability of BMI on the risk of cardiovascular outcomes, health policymakers and practitioners should pay more attention to the significant role of BMI in health problems and physicians might better check the variability of BMI visits to visit.",JRSM cardiovascular disease,2024,Mohammad Ali Esfandiari; Kimia Kazemzadeh; Akram Ansari; Goharsharieh Alishiri; Shaghayegh Afshari; Sepand Daliri; Mohammadreza Saleh; Sahar Balanian; Rozhina Tamannaeifar; Alireza Niazi; Fatemeh Vosoughian; Amir Abdi; Mahnaz Bakhshi Mohebbi; Reza Shah Hosseini; Elaheh Foroughi; Niloofar Deravi; Melika Arab Bafrani; Hassan Asadigandomani,10.1177/20480040241234149,Journal Article; Review,bmi,False,Mohammad Ali Esfandiari et al. (2024). Associations of variability in body mass index with cardiovascular outcomes in the general population: A systematic review. JRSM cardiovascular disease.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38720874/
39152519,Association between body shape index and coronary heart disease in individuals over 20 years old with obese.,"While body mass index (BMI) defines obesity as a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the paradoxical theory of BMI suggests that obesity may indeed have a favorable impact on the prognosis of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this study aims to assess the correlation between body shape index (ABSI), which is a novel measure of obesity, and coronary heart disease (CHD) among obese individuals in the United States. The data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were evaluated by us for 5046 patients. We assessed the exposure variable ABSI, which includes waist circumference (WC), height, and BMI. The outcome variable was CHD. The cross-sectional study included a total of 5046 obese adults aged over 20 years, with an average age (standard deviation: SD) of 49.86 (16.24) years and a male proportion of 44.57%.The odds ratio (OR) values for CHD in Model 1, Model 2, 3 were found to be 2.45 (95%CI: 2.12, 2.83), 1.53 (95%CI:1.30, 1.81) and 1.31 (95%CI:1.09, 1.56) per SD increase in ABSI, respectively. In the fully adjusted model, we designated participants in the T1 group as the reference group. Our findings indicate a significant increase in the prevalence of CHD (OR:1.82, 95%CI: 1.07-3.10) only within the T3 group. Although there is an increased prevalence of CHD (OR:1.32, 95%CI: 0.77-2.29) in the T2 group, no statistically significant difference was observed. The increase in ABSI is strongly associated with the rise in CHD prevalence among obese individuals in the United States.","Journal of health, population, and nutrition",2024,Huabin He; Yang Chen; Yanhui Liao; Longlong Hu; Hao Qin; Renqiang Yang,10.1186/s41043-024-00614-3,Journal Article,bmi,False,"Huabin He et al. (2024). Association between body shape index and coronary heart disease in individuals over 20 years old with obese. Journal of health, population, and nutrition.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39152519/
38724999,Association between triglyceride glucose-body mass index and long-term adverse outcomes of heart failure patients with coronary heart disease.,"The triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) is recognized as a reliable surrogate for evaluating insulin resistance and an effective predictor of cardiovascular disease. However, the link between TyG-BMI index and adverse outcomes in heart failure (HF) patients remains unclear. This study examines the correlation of the TyG-BMI index with long-term adverse outcomes in HF patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). This single-center, prospective cohort study included 823 HF patients with CHD. The TyG-BMI index was calculated as follows: ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)/2] × BMI. To explore the association between the TyG-BMI index and the occurrences of all-cause mortality and HF rehospitalization, we utilized multivariate Cox regression models and restricted cubic splines with threshold analysis. Over a follow-up period of 9.4 years, 425 patients died, and 484 were rehospitalized due to HF. Threshold analysis revealed a significant reverse ""J""-shaped relationship between the TyG-BMI index and all-cause mortality, indicating a decreased risk of all-cause mortality with higher TyG-BMI index values below 240.0 (adjusted model: HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.86-0.93; Log-likelihood ratio p = 0.003). A distinct ""U""-shaped nonlinear relationship was observed with HF rehospitalization, with the inflection point at 228.56 (adjusted model: below: HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91-0.98; above: HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03-1.13; Log-likelihood ratio p < 0.001). This study reveals a nonlinear association between the TyG-BMI index and both all-cause mortality and HF rehospitalization in HF patients with CHD, positioning the TyG-BMI index as a significant prognostic marker in this population.",Cardiovascular diabetology,2024,Lyu Lyu; Xinhong Wang; Juan Xu; Zhenzhen Liu; Yanru He; Wenjing Zhu; Lin Lin; Benchuan Hao; Hongbin Liu,10.1186/s12933-024-02213-2,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",bmi,False,Lyu Lyu et al. (2024). Association between triglyceride glucose-body mass index and long-term adverse outcomes of heart failure patients with coronary heart disease. Cardiovascular diabetology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38724999/
38349930,The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with coronary heart disease risk in adults: A population-based study.,"The purpose of this study was to look at any connections that could exist between neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and coronary heart disease. We performed a cross-sectional research of 13732 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who were 40 or older. Multivariate logistic regression models investigated the relationship between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio levels and coronary heart disease risk. To investigate potential nonlinear connections, smoothed curve fitting was used. When a nonlinear relationship was discovered, the inflexion point was determined using a recursive method. After controlling for relevant confounders, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was independently linked to a higher risk of coronary heart disease (OR = 1.74, 95% CI:1.30-2.33, P = 0.0002). Subgroup analyses showed statistically significant positive associations between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and coronary heart disease risk in women (OR = 1.25, 95% CI:1.09-1.43), participants 60 years of age and older (OR = 1.09, 95% CI:1.00-1.19), smoking status for every day or not at all (OR = 1.23, 95% CI:1.00-1.52; OR = 1.09, 95% CI:1.00-1.19), alcohol use status for moderate alcohol use (OR = 1.11, 95% CI:1.00-1.22), body mass index >30 kg/m2 (OR = 1.42, 95% CI:1.10-1.82), hypertensive (OR = 1.11, 95% CI:1.02-1.22), and individuals without diabetes (OR = 1.17, 95% CI:1.06-1.31). A positive correlation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio levels and coronary heart disease risk was also seen by smoothing curve fitting, with an inflexion point of 1.08 that was statistically significant (P<0.05). Our research shows elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio levels are linked to a higher risk of coronary heart disease.",PloS one,2024,Yu Wang; Yangping Zhuang; Changsha Lin; Hanqing Hong; Feng Chen; Jun Ke,10.1371/journal.pone.0296838,Journal Article,bmi,False,Yu Wang et al. (2024). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with coronary heart disease risk in adults: A population-based study. PloS one.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38349930/
39686458,Clinical value of fractional flow reserve in coronary heart disease: A retrospective study.,"This study investigated the clinical value of coronary arteriography (CAG) combined with fractional flow reserve (FFR) in the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD) with coronary artery stenosis exceeding 70%. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 344 patients with CHD treated at the Gansu Institute of Cardiovascular Science from January 2020 to May 2022. The patients were divided into the CAG group (n = 138) and the CAG + FFR group (n = 206). Among these patients, those with coronary artery stenosis exceeding 70% underwent an FFR functional examination to accurately determine indicators for coronary intervention. The data collected included demographic information, number of stents, number of vascular lesions, treatment methods, and the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at the 6-month follow-up. No significant differences were found between the 2 groups in terms of age, gender, underlying diseases, body mass index (BMI), smoking history, and blood lipid profile. The rate of surgical treatment in the CAG group and the CAG + FFR group was 88.41% and 43.69%, respectively. The CAG + FFR group showed a 44.72% reduction in the need for surgical treatment and a reduced number of stents placed, which helped prevent overtreatment. Additionally, there was no statistical difference between the 2 groups in MACE such as angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death at the 6-month follow-up. After combined CAG examination with FFR measurement, the number of CHD patients with coronary artery stenosis exceeding 70% requiring surgical intervention decreased by 44.72%. FFR could significantly prevent overtreatment and provide more precise guidance for CHD treatments.",Medicine,2024,Liying Zhang; Dingxiong Xie; Yirong Gan; Zheng Zhang; Yanzhen Wang; Jing Xie; Bo Zhang; Zongke Kou; Yunlong Zhang; Bing Li; Xiaoqing Kou; Rui Mao; Jianjian Jin; Tianxiang Liang; Sheng Li,10.1097/MD.0000000000040644,Journal Article; Observational Study,bmi,False,Liying Zhang et al. (2024). Clinical value of fractional flow reserve in coronary heart disease: A retrospective study. Medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39686458/
37976098,Regional and temporal differences in the associations between cardiovascular disease and its classic risk factors: an analysis of 49 cohorts from 11 European countries.,"The regional and temporal differences in the associations between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its classic risk factors are unknown. The current study examined these associations in different European regions over a 30-year period. The study sample comprised 553 818 individuals from 49 cohorts in 11 European countries (baseline: 1982-2012) who were followed up for a maximum of 10 years. Risk factors [sex, smoking, diabetes, non-HDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure (BP), and body mass index (BMI)] and CVD events (coronary heart disease or stroke) were harmonized across cohorts. Risk factor-outcome associations were analysed using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models, and differences in associations were assessed using meta-regression. The differences in the risk factor-CVD associations between central Europe, northern Europe, southern Europe, and the UK were generally small. Men had a slightly higher hazard ratio (HR) in southern Europe (P = 0.043 for overall difference), and those with diabetes had a slightly lower HR in central Europe (P = 0.022 for overall difference) compared with the other regions. Of the six CVD risk factors, minor HR decreases per decade were observed for non-HDL cholesterol [7% per mmol/L; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3-10%] and systolic BP (4% per 20 mmHg; 95% CI, 1-8%), while a minor HR increase per decade was observed for BMI (7% per 10 kg/m2; 95% CI, 1-13%). The results demonstrate that all classic CVD risk factors are still relevant in Europe, irrespective of regional area. Preventive strategies should focus on risk factors with the greatest population attributable risk.",European journal of preventive cardiology,2024,Jaakko Reinikainen; Kari Kuulasmaa; Viktor Oskarsson; Philippe Amouyel; Katia Biasch; Hermann Brenner; Roberto De Ponti; Chiara Donfrancesco; Wojciech Drygas; Jean Ferrieres; Guido Grassi; Sameline Grimsgaard; Licia Iacoviello; Pekka Jousilahti; Line L Kårhus; Frank Kee; Allan Linneberg; Dalia Luksiene; Joany Mariño; Marie Moitry; Luigi Palmieri; Annette Peters; Aleksandra Piwonska; Fosca Quarti-Trevano; Veikko Salomaa; Susana Sans; Carsten Oliver Schmidt; Ben Schöttker; Stefan Söderberg; Abdonas Tamosiunas; Barbara Thorand; Hugh Tunstall-Pedoe; Diego Vanuzzo; Giovanni Veronesi; Mark Woodward; Karim Lekadir; Teemu Niiranen,10.1093/eurjpc/zwad359,Journal Article,bmi,False,Jaakko Reinikainen et al. (2024). Regional and temporal differences in the associations between cardiovascular disease and its classic risk factors: an analysis of 49 cohorts from 11 European countries. European journal of preventive cardiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37976098/
38971538,Association of life's essential 8 with risk of recurrent cardiovascular events among patients with coronary heart disease.,"To examine the association of Life's Essential 8 (LE8) with the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events among patients with CHD. This prospective cohort study included 11,997 patients with CHD from the UK Biobank. The LE8 score was generated using five lifestyle factors (diet, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, and sleep) and three biological factors (blood lipids, blood glucose, and blood pressure). LE8 score ranged from 0 to 100 and was categorized into quartiles. Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI (confidence interval). During a median follow up of 12.5 years, we documented 3366 recurrent cardiovascular events, 1068 myocardial infarction, 1829 heart failure events, 703 strokes, and 934 cardiovascular deaths. The multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI) for the highest versus the lowest quartile of LE8 score was 0.57 (0.50, 0.65) for recurrent cardiovascular events, 0.66 (0.52, 0.83) for myocardial infarction, 0.54 (0.45, 0.67) for heart failure, 0.50 (0.36, 0.68) for stroke, and 0.46 (0.37, 0.56) for cardiovascular death. Furthermore, the population attributable fraction of the lowest to the highest quartile of LE8 score were ranged from 16.2% to 32.5% for the various cardiovascular outcomes. In addition, biomarkers including renal function and inflammation collectively explained 47.6%-87.7% of the associations between the lifestyle factors and recurrent cardiovascular events. Better cardiovascular health as measured by LE8 was associated with significantly lower risk of recurrent cardiovascular events among patients with CHD. Clinicians should prioritize educating patients with CHD on the importance of optimal cardiovascular health for secondary prevention. In addition, our findings indicated significant mediation effect of biomarkers involving of glycemic control, renal function, liver function, lipid profile, and systemic inflammation on the associations between overall lifestyle factors and recurrent cardiovascular events.",International journal of cardiology,2024,Sen Liu; Frank Qian; Qi Lu; Yulei Deng; Wensheng Qu; Xiaoyu Lin; Rui Li; Ruyi Li; Tianyu Guo; An Pan; Gang Liu,10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132318,Journal Article,bmi,False,Sen Liu et al. (2024). Association of life's essential 8 with risk of recurrent cardiovascular events among patients with coronary heart disease. International journal of cardiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38971538/
39850379,Development and validation of a prediction model for coronary heart disease risk in depressed patients aged 20 years and older using machine learning algorithms.,"Depression is being increasingly acknowledged as an important risk factor contributing to coronary heart disease (CHD). Currently, there is no predictive model specifically designed to evaluate the risk of coronary heart disease among individuals with depression. We aim to develop a machine learning (ML) model that will analyze risk factors and forecast the probability of coronary heart disease in individuals suffering from depression. This research employed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007-2018, which included 2,085 individuals who had previously been diagnosed with depression. The population was randomly divided into a training set and a validation set, with an 8:2 ratio. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify independent risk factors for coronary heart disease in individuals with depression. Eight machine learning algorithms were applied to the training set to construct the model, including logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), gradient boosting machine (GBM), support vector machine (SVM), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), classification and regression tree (CART), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), and neural network (NNET). The validation set are used to evaluate the various performances of eight machine learning models. Several evaluation metrics were employed to assess and compare the performance of eight different machine learning models, aiming to identify the most effective algorithm for predicting coronary heart disease risk in individuals with depression. The evaluation metrics applied in this study included the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, Brier scores, decision curve analysis (DCA), and the precision-recall (PR) curve. And internally validated by the bootstrap method. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified age, chest pain status, history of myocardial infarction, serum triglyceride levels, and education level as independent predictors of coronary heart disease risk. Eight machine learning algorithms are applied to construct the models, among which the Random Forest model has the best performance, with an (Area Under Curve) AUC of 0.987 for the random forest model in the training set, and an AUC of 0.848 for the PR curve. In the validation set, the random forest model achieves an AUC of 0.996, and an AUC of 0.960 for the PR curve, which demonstrates an excellent discriminative ability. Calibration curves indicated high congruence between observed and predicted odds, with minimal Brier scores of 0.026 and 0.021 for the training, respectively, reinforcing the model's ability to discriminate. Set and validation set, respectively, reinforcing the model's predictive accuracy. DCA curves confirmed net benefits of the random forest model across. Furthermore, the AUC of the random forest model was 0.928 after internal validation by bootstrap method, indicating that its discriminative ability is good, and the model is useful for clinical assessment of the risk of coronary heart disease in depressed people. The random forest algorithm exhibited the best predictive performance, potentially aiding clinicians in assessing the risk probabilities of coronary heart disease within this population.",Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine,2024,Yicheng Wang; Chuan-Yang Wu; Hui-Xian Fu; Jian-Cheng Zhang,10.3389/fcvm.2024.1504957,Journal Article,age,False,Yicheng Wang et al. (2024). Development and validation of a prediction model for coronary heart disease risk in depressed patients aged 20 years and older using machine learning algorithms. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39850379/
39275274,Intakes of Dairy and Soy Products and 10-Year Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Korean Adults.,"Dairy and soy products are healthy food. However, studies have reported conflicting results associating their intake with coronary heart disease (CHD). Thus, this study determined the association between intake of dairy or soy products and 10-year CHD risk. Participants aged 40~69 years were grouped into those who consumed dairy products (more or less than twice a week) and those who consumed soy products (more or less than twice a week). Ten-year CHD risk (%), atherogenic index (AI), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were calculated. The CHD risk, according to the level of dairy and soy product intake, was expressed as an odds ratio (OR) and a confidence interval (CI). Significant differences were observed in sex, age, education, income, and living area according to dairy intake frequencies, whereas only age showed significant differences according to soy products' intake frequencies. Relative effects of Framingham Risk Score (FRS) factors on 10-year CHD risk in Korean adults were found to be significant in the order of age, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), smoking, blood total cholesterol (TC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diabetes, and sex. Overall, participants who consumed dairy products ≥2/week had a significantly lower OR of 10-year CHD risk compared to those who consumed dairy products <2/week after adjusting for confounding factors (OR: 0.742, 95% CI: 0.619 to 0.890). Otherwise, intake of soy products ≥2/week tended to decrease the OR of 10-year CHD risk, although the decrease was not statistically significant. In conclusion, Korean adults who consumed dairy products ≥2/week had higher HDL-C and lower 10-year CHD risk than those who consumed dairy products <2/week. However, these results did not appear when consuming soy products.",Nutrients,2024,Sinwoo Hwang; Ae Wha Ha,10.3390/nu16172959,Journal Article,age,False,Sinwoo Hwang et al. (2024). Intakes of Dairy and Soy Products and 10-Year Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Korean Adults. Nutrients.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39275274/
39735861,"Construction and validation of coronary heart disease risk prediction model for general hospitals in Tacheng Prefecture, Xinjiang, China.","To analyze the risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients hospitalized in general hospitals in the Tacheng Prefecture, Xinjiang, and to construct and verify the nomogram prediction model for the risk of CHD. From June 2022 to June 2023, 489 CHD patients (CHD group) and 520 non-CHD individuals (control group) in Tacheng, Xinjiang, were retrospectively selected. Using a 7:3 ratio, patients were divided into a training group (706 cases) and a validation group (303 cases). General clinical data were compared, and key variables were screened using logistic regression (AIC). A CHD risk nomogram for Tacheng was constructed. Model performance was assessed using ROC AUC, calibration curves, and DCA. In the training group, non-Han Chinese (OR = 2.93, 95% CI: 2.0-4.3), male (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.0-2.7), alcohol consumption (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.2-2.9), hyperlipidemia (OR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.7-3.5), smoking (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.0-2.6), diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.1-2.4), stroke (OR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.6-3.7), older age (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.1-1.2), and larger waist circumference (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.0-1.1) were the risk factors for coronary heart disease (all The CHD risk prediction model developed in this study for general hospitals in Tacheng Prefecture, Xinjiang, demonstrates strong predictive performance and serves as a simple, user-friendly, cost-effective tool for medical personnel to identify high-risk groups for CHD.",Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine,2024,Yikang Xu; Jingru Ma; Yang Yang; Limin Liu; Xinran Zhao; Yu Wang; Alimu Mijiti; Qiangru Cheng; Jun Ma,10.3389/fcvm.2024.1514103,Journal Article,age,False,"Yikang Xu et al. (2024). Construction and validation of coronary heart disease risk prediction model for general hospitals in Tacheng Prefecture, Xinjiang, China. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39735861/
39696382,Associations of TyG index with coronary heart disease risk and coronary artery sclerosis severity in OSA.,"Insulin resistance (IR) is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and coronary heart disease (CHD). The triglyceride glucose(TyG) index, an alternative indicator of IR with high reliability, is linked to CHD development and severity. However, the association of TyG index with CHD in OSA cases remains undefined. This study explores the association of TyG index with CHD risk and coronary artery sclerosis severity in the OSA population. OSA cases with suspected CHD, enrolled at the Department of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between February 2020 and June 2024, were assigned to the OSA and OSA + CHD groups, followed by TyG index assessment. The t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test and one-way analysis of variance were utilized to compare continuous data, while comparisons of categorical data utilized the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine factors independently predicting OSA with CHD and Gensini scores. Restrictive cubic spline (RCS) was used to assess potential non-linear associations of TyG index with CHD risk and Gensini score in OSA patients. Totally 1059 OSA patients were included, with 514 diagnosed with CHD (48.54%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis upon adjustment for age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking history revealed TyG index as a risk factor for CHD in OSA cases. CHD risk in the high-TyG index group was 1.977 fold higher versus the low-TyG index group (OR = 1.977, 95% CI 1.424-2.800, P < 0.001). In addition, TyG index had a linear relationship with CHD (P for nonlinearity = 0.0709). In moderate to severe OSA cases, the high-TyG index group had a significantly higher CHD risk (OR = 2.430, 95% CI 1.601-3.690, P < 0.001). Gensini score and TyG index (P for non-linearity = 0.0033) had a non-linear relationship, while high TyG index was a risk factor for high Gensini score. TyG index is a risk factor for CHD in OSA cases and reflects the severity of coronary atherosclerosis. TyG, a surrogate indicator for IR evaluation, may help predict CHD in OSA cases, especially in moderate to severe OSA.",Diabetology & metabolic syndrome,2024,Xuan Qiu; Gulimire Aimaiti; Yulan Chen; Yu Li; Xiaojing Sun,10.1186/s13098-024-01545-z,Journal Article,age,False,Xuan Qiu et al. (2024). Associations of TyG index with coronary heart disease risk and coronary artery sclerosis severity in OSA. Diabetology & metabolic syndrome.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39696382/
38935527,Trends in population attributable fraction of modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases across three decades.,"To evaluate temporal trends, across three decades, in the population attributable fractions (PAFs) of modifiable risk factors for 5-year risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Within population-based Rotterdam Study, we defined three time groups of individuals without established CVD at 'baseline' with a mean age of 70 years, and followed for five years: Epoch 1990s (1989-93, n = 6195), Epoch 2000s (1997-2001, n = 5572), and Epoch 2010s (2009-14, n = 5135). The prevalence of risk factors and related relative risks were combined to quantify PAFs. The PAF of the six risk factors combined for global CVD was 0.57 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47-0.65], 0.52 (0.39-0.62), and 0.39 (0.18-0.54) in three respective epochs. Hypertension contributed the highest PAF to global CVD in Epoch 1990s (0.37, 95% CI: 0.28-0.44) and 2000s (0.34, 95% CI: 0.22-0.43), while smoking was the largest contributor in Epoch 2010s (0.20, 95% CI: 0.06-0.32). Dyslipidaemia changed population-level coronary heart disease risk over time. For stroke, hypertension became a less significant contributor over time, but smoking became a larger contributor. For heart failure, all risk factors showed non-significant PAFs in Epoch 2010s. PAFs related to individual risk factor varied among women and men. Six modifiable risk factors to population-level global CVD risk decreased over time, but still explained 39% of total CVD in the latest decade. PAFs changed considerably for hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and smoking. Risk factors had different PAFs for different CVDs with pronounced sex differences.",European journal of preventive cardiology,2024,Fang Zhu; Eric Boersma; Martijn Tilly; M Kamran Ikram; Hongchao Qi; Maryam Kavousi,10.1093/eurjpc/zwae219,Journal Article,age,False,Fang Zhu et al. (2024). Trends in population attributable fraction of modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases across three decades. European journal of preventive cardiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38935527/
37757889,[Conservative therapy and secondary prevention of PAD].,"Today, peripheral artery disease (PAD) is treated with the most modern endovascular and open surgical revascularisation procedures. But the short and long-term success of these interventions is decisively determined by the conservative therapy of PAD, which therefore represents the absolute basic therapy of every PAD. Conservative treatment addresses the ""Big Five"" of atherosclerosis risk factors: smoking, lack of exercise and overweight, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Despite the knowledge that PAD as a peripheral manifestation of the systemic atherosclerosis needs the same risk factor management as e.g., coronary heart disease, not even every second PAD patient in Germany receives the required therapy. This paper presents the spectrum of both drug and non-drug strategies and focuses on aspects such as platelet inhibition and anticoagulation regimes, lipid-lowering options as well as the benefits and necessity of exercise programs to promote collaterals and improve quality of life by extending the pain-free walking distance. Proven strategies to overcome smoking addiction, use and purpose of vasoactive substances are highlighted as well as the potential risks of diabetic foot syndrome for limb salvage and prevention of wounds.",Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946),2023,Katja S Mühlberg,10.1055/a-2017-7742,English Abstract; Journal Article,smoking,False,Katja S Mühlberg et al. (2023). [Conservative therapy and secondary prevention of PAD]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946).,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37757889/
35718450,Smoking Cessation and Mortality from Aortic Dissection and Aneurysm: Findings from the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study.,"Active cigarette smoking was intensively reported to increase the risk of aortic mortality while research on the association between smoking cessation and aortic mortality remains scarce. This study aimed to reconfirm the associations of exposure to cigarettes and smoking cessation associated with aortic mortality in a large Japanese population. In the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study, 91,141 residents (57±10 years; men, 43%) who were free of stroke, coronary heart disease, and cancer were followed up from 1989-90 until 2009 during which 110 deaths from aortic dissection and 112 deaths from aneurysm were identified. Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate multivariable hazard ratios (95%CI) for total and specific aortic mortality. Compared to never smoking, HRs for total aortic mortality were 2.39 (1.40-4.08) for ＜20, 3.57 (2.19-5.83) for 20-39, and 3.92 (2.37-6.48) for ≥ 40 pack-years exposure. Compared to current smoking, HRs for total aortic mortality were 0.42 (0.18-0.97) for 10-15 years, 0.27 (0.11-0.66) for ＞15 years of cessation, and 0.24 (0.13-0.44) for never smoking. Similar inverse dose-response pattern was observed between smoking cessation duration and risk of mortality from aortic aneurysm (p for trend=0.001), but the association with aortic dissection mortality did not reach statistical significance. Cigarette smoking was associated with an increased risk of aortic mortality while smoking cessation was so with a reduced risk among the Japanese population.",Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis,2023,Yiyi Yang; Kazumasa Yamagishi; Tomomi Kihara; Renzhe Cui; Ehab S Eshak; Isao Muraki; Kokoro Shirai; Akiko Tamakoshi; Hiroyasu Iso,10.5551/jat.63258,Journal Article,smoking,False,Yiyi Yang et al. (2023). Smoking Cessation and Mortality from Aortic Dissection and Aneurysm: Findings from the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study. Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35718450/
37938990,Smoking cessation: why is it a persistent problem in patients with peripheral artery disease?,"Nurses play a key role in advising patients to quit smoking, especially those with long-term conditions including cardiovascular disease. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an increasingly prevalent condition, and is the third most common presentation of atherosclerotic disease after coronary heart disease and stroke. Smoking cessation is crucial for patients with PAD but can be very challenging. Stopping smoking reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and improves claudication symptoms in patients with PAD. Those who continue to smoke are at higher risk of disease progression, amputation, myocardial infarction and death, and have poorer therapeutic outcomes. Quitting smoking is difficult, and patients should be offered a combination of behavioural and drug therapy. Nurses can provide several interventions to help patients quit and prevent relapse. A pilot study in a large London hospital found that no smokers had been referred to smoking cessation services by their vascular clinician (although some had been referred by their GP), given brief cessation advice or told how smoking cessation was essential for vascular preservation. Many thought smoking cessation programmes would not work.",British journal of nursing (Mark Allen Publishing),2023,Smaragda Lampridou,10.12968/bjon.2023.32.20.958,Journal Article,smoking,False,Smaragda Lampridou et al. (2023). Smoking cessation: why is it a persistent problem in patients with peripheral artery disease? British journal of nursing (Mark Allen Publishing).,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37938990/
38585530,Functional capacity in smoking patients after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a quasi-experimental study.,"Coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) is an important approach to treating coronary heart disease. However, patients undergoing open heart surgery are at risk of postoperative complications. Cigarette smoking is one of the preoperative risk factors that may increase postoperative complications. Studies show that early mobilization intervention may reduce these complications and improve functional capacity, but the impact of smoking on early outcomes after CABG has been controversial for the past two decades. This quasi-experimental study explored the effects of early mobilization on functional capacity among patients with different smoking histories undergoing CABG. The study involved 51 participants who underwent CABG surgery, divided into three groups: current smokers, former smokers, and non-smokers (n=17 each). A day before surgery, all groups underwent a six-minute walking test (6MWT). Every participant received the same intervention after surgery, including deep breathing exercises, an upper limb range of motion assessment, an incentive spirometer, and walking with and without assistance. Five days postoperatively, all outcomes - including the 6MWT, length of stay (LOS) in the ICU, and postoperative pulmonary complications - were assessed, and the 6MWT was repeated. There was a reduced functional capacity after CABG in ex-smokers (215.8±102 m) and current smokers (272.7±97m) compared to non-smokers (298.5±97.1m) in terms of 6MWT (p<0.05). Current smokers were more likely to have atelectasis after CABG than ex-smokers (76.5% vs. 52.9%), with non-smokers being the least likely to have atelectasis among the three groups (29.4%, p<0.05). Additionally, current smokers required longer ventilator support post-CABG (11.9±7.3 hours) compared to ex-smokers (8.3±4.3 hours) and non-smokers (7±2.5 hours, p<0.01). Smoking status significantly impacts functional capacity reduction after CABG, with current smokers being more susceptible to prolonged ventilator use and atelectasis.",Journal of medicine and life,2023,Mohammed Essa Alsubaiei; Wadha Althukair; Hind Almutairi,10.25122/jml-2023-0282,Journal Article,smoking,False,Mohammed Essa Alsubaiei et al. (2023). Functional capacity in smoking patients after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a quasi-experimental study. Journal of medicine and life.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38585530/
37532031,"What was the impact of tobacco taxes on smoking prevalence and coronary heart disease mortality in the United States -2005-2016, and did it vary by race and gender?","Tobacco taxes have reduced smoking and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, yet few studies have examined heterogeneity of these associations by race and gender. We constructed a yearly panel (2005-2016) that included age-adjusted cigarette smoking prevalence and CHD mortality rates across all 50 U.S. States and the District of Columbia using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiological Research. We examined associations between changes in total cigarette excise taxes (i.e., federal and state) and changes in smoking prevalence and CHD mortality, using linear regression models with state and year fixed effects. Each dollar of tobacco tax was associated with a reduction in age-adjusted smoking prevalence 1 year later of -0.4 [95% CIs: -0.6, -0.2] percentage points; and a relative reduction in the rate of CHD mortality 2 years later of -2.0% [95% CIs: -3.7%, -0.3%], or -5 deaths/100,000 in absolute terms. Associations between tobacco taxes and smoking prevalence were statistically significantly different by race and gender and were strongest among Black non-Hispanic women (-1.2 [95% CIs: -1.6, -0.8] percentage points). Associations between tobacco taxes and CHD mortality were not statistically significantly different by race and gender, but point estimates for percent changes were highest among Black non-Hispanic men (-2.9%) and Black non-Hispanic women (-3.5%) compared to White non-Hispanic men (-1.8%) and White non-Hispanic women (-1.5%). These findings suggest that tobacco taxation is an effective intervention for reducing smoking prevalence and CHD mortality among White and Black non-Hispanic populations in the United States.",Preventive medicine,2023,Gregory H Cohen; Jacob Bor; Katherine M Keyes; Ryan T Demmer; Steven D Stellman; Victor Puac-Polanco; Sandro Galea,10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107653,Journal Article; Observational Study,smoking,False,"Gregory H Cohen et al. (2023). What was the impact of tobacco taxes on smoking prevalence and coronary heart disease mortality in the United States -2005-2016, and did it vary by race and gender? Preventive medicine.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37532031/
37358553,"Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein remnants, low-density lipoproteins, and risk of coronary heart disease: a UK Biobank study.","The strength of the relationship of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) compared with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is yet to be resolved. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with TRL/remnant cholesterol (TRL/remnant-C) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) were identified in the UK Biobank population. In a multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis, TRL/remnant-C was strongly and independently associated with CHD in a model adjusted for apolipoprotein B (apoB). Likewise, in a multivariable model, TRL/remnant-C and LDL-C also exhibited independent associations with CHD with odds ratios per 1 mmol/L higher cholesterol of 2.59 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.99-3.36] and 1.37 [95% CI: 1.27-1.48], respectively. To examine the per-particle atherogenicity of TRL/remnants and LDL, SNPs were categorized into two clusters with differing effects on TRL/remnant-C and LDL-C. Cluster 1 contained SNPs in genes related to receptor-mediated lipoprotein removal that affected LDL-C more than TRL/remnant-C, whereas cluster 2 contained SNPs in genes related to lipolysis that had a much greater effect on TRL/remnant-C. The CHD odds ratio per standard deviation (Sd) higher apoB for cluster 2 (with the higher TRL/remnant to LDL ratio) was 1.76 (95% CI: 1.58-1.96), which was significantly greater than the CHD odds ratio per Sd higher apoB in cluster 1 [1.33 (95% CI: 1.26-1.40)]. A concordant result was obtained by using polygenic scores for each cluster to relate apoB to CHD risk. Distinct SNP clusters appear to impact differentially on remnant particles and LDL. Our findings are consistent with TRL/remnants having a substantially greater atherogenicity per particle than LDL.",European heart journal,2023,Elias Björnson; Martin Adiels; Marja-Riitta Taskinen; Stephen Burgess; Aidin Rawshani; Jan Borén; Chris J Packard,10.1093/eurheartj/ehad337,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",cholesterol,False,"Elias Björnson et al. (2023). Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein remnants, low-density lipoproteins, and risk of coronary heart disease: a UK Biobank study. European heart journal.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37358553/
37032721,The potential role and mechanism of circRNAs in foam cell formation.,"Atherosclerosis is a significant risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) and myocardial infarction (MI). Atherosclerosis develops during foam cell generation, which is caused by an imbalance in cholesterol uptake, esterification, and efflux. LOX-1, SR-A1, and CD36 all increased cholesterol uptake. ACAT1 and ACAT2 promote free cholesterol (FC) esterification to cholesteryl esters (CE). The hydrolysis of CE to FC was aided by nCEH. FC efflux was promoted by ABCA1, ABCG1, ADAM10, and apoA-I. SR-BI promotes not only cholesterol uptake but also FC efflux. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), which are single-stranded RNAs with a closed covalent circular structure, have emerged as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis due to their highly tissue, cell, and disease state-specific expression profiles. Numerous studies have shown that circRNAs regulate foam cell formation, acting as miRNA sponges to influence atherosclerosis development by regulating the expression of SR-A1, CD36, ACAT2, ABCA1, ABCG1, ADAM10, apoA-I, SR-B1. Several circRNAs, including circ-Wdr91, circ 0004104, circRNA0044073, circRNA_0001805, circDENND1B, circRSF1, circ 0001445, and circRNA 102682, are potential biomarkers for atherosclerosis to better evaluate cardiovascular risk. It is difficult to deliver synthetic therapeutic circRNAs to the desired target tissues. Nanotechnology, such as GA-RM/GZ/PL, may be an important solution to this problem. In this review, we focus on the potential role and mechanism of circRNA/miRNA axis in foam cell formation in the hopes of discovering new targets for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of atherosclerosis.",Non-coding RNA research,2023,Wujun Chen; Yihui Liu; Ling Li; Bing Liang; Shuai Wang; Xiaodan Xu; Dongming Xing; Xiaolin Wu,10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.03.005,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,Wujun Chen et al. (2023). The potential role and mechanism of circRNAs in foam cell formation. Non-coding RNA research.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37032721/
36560864,Remnant cholesterol in patients admitted for acute coronary syndromes.,"Remnant cholesterol has been identified as one of leading lipid values associated with the incidence of coronary heart disease. There is scarce evidence on its distribution and prognostic value in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. We included all consecutive patients admitted for ACS in two different centres. Remnant cholesterol was calculated by the equation: total cholesterol minus LDL cholesterol minus HDL cholesterol, and values ≥30 were considered high. Among the 7479 patients, median remnant cholesterol level was 28 mg/dL (21-39), and 3429 (45.85%) patients had levels ≥30 mg/dL. Age (r: -0.29) and body mass index (r: 0.44) were the variables more strongly correlated. At any given age, patients with overweigh or obesity had higher levels. In-hospital mortality was 3.75% (280 patients). Remnant cholesterol was not associated to higher in-hospital mortality risk (odds ratio: 0.89; P = 0.21). After discharge (median follow-up of 57 months), an independent and linear risk of all-cause mortality and heart failure (HF) associated to cholesterol remnant levels was observed. Remnant cholesterol levels >60 mg/dL were associated to higher risk of mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 1.49 95% CI 1.08-2.06; P = 0.016], cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.49 95% CI 1.08-2.06; P = 0.016), and HF re-admission (sub-HR: 1.55 95% CI 1.14-2.11; P = 0.005). Elevated remnant cholesterol is highly prevalent in patients admitted for ACS and is inversely correlated with age and positively with body mass index. Remnant cholesterol levels were not associated to higher in-hospital mortality risk, but they were associated with higher long-term risk of mortality and HF.",European journal of preventive cardiology,2023,Alberto Cordero; Belén Alvarez-Alvarez; David Escribano; José Mª García-Acuña; Belén Cid-Alvarez; Moisés Rodríguez-Mañero; Mª Amparo Quintanilla; Rosa Agra-Bermejo; Pilar Zuazola; José R González-Juanatey,10.1093/eurjpc/zwac286,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",cholesterol,False,Alberto Cordero et al. (2023). Remnant cholesterol in patients admitted for acute coronary syndromes. European journal of preventive cardiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36560864/
37889207,Serum Cholesterol and Impact of Age on Coronary Heart Disease Death in More Than 4 Million Veterans.,"Background The lipid hypothesis postulates that lower blood cholesterol is associated with reduced coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, which has been challenged by reports of a U-shaped relation between cholesterol and death in recent studies. We sought to examine whether the U-shaped relationship is true and to assess the impact of age on this association. Method and Results We conducted a prospective cohort study of 4 467 942 veterans aged >18 years, with baseline outpatient visits from 2002 to 2007 and follow-up to December 30, 2018, in the Veterans Health Administration electronic health record system. We observed a J-shaped relation between total cholesterol (TC) and CHD mortality after a comprehensive adjustment of confounding factors: flat for TC <180 mg/dL, and greater risk was present at higher cholesterol levels. Compared with veterans with TC between 180 and 199 mg/dL, the multiadjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for CHD death were 1.03 (95% CI, 1.02-1.04), 1.07 (95% CI, 1.06-1.09), 1.15 (95% CI, 1.13-1.18), 1.25 (95% CI, 1.22-1.28), and 1.45 (95% CI, 1.42-1.49) times greater among veterans with TC (mg/dL) of 200 to 219, 220 to 239, 140 to 259, 260 to 279 and ≥280, respectively. Similar J-shaped TC-CHD mortality patterns were observed among veterans with and without statin use at or before baseline. Conclusions The cholesterol paradox, for example, higher CHD death in patients with a low cholesterol level, was a reflection of reverse causality, especially among older participants. Our results support the lipid hypothesis that lower blood cholesterol is associated with reduced CHD. Furthermore, the hypothesis remained true when TC was low due to use of statins or other lipid-lowering medication.",Journal of the American Heart Association,2023,Xuan-Mai T Nguyen; Yuk-Lam Ho; Yanping Li; Rebecca J Song; Kenneth H Leung; Saad Ur Rahman; Ariela R Orkaby; Jason L Vassy; David R Gagnon; Kelly Cho; J Michael Gaziano; Peter W F Wilson,10.1161/JAHA.123.030496,"Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.",cholesterol,False,Xuan-Mai T Nguyen et al. (2023). Serum Cholesterol and Impact of Age on Coronary Heart Disease Death in More Than 4 Million Veterans. Journal of the American Heart Association.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37889207/
38205343,Integration of Biomarker Polygenic Risk Score Improves Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease.,"There are several established biomarkers for coronary heart disease (CHD), including blood pressure, cholesterol, and lipoproteins. It is of high interest to determine how a combined polygenic risk score (PRS) of CHD-associated biomarkers (BioPRS) can further improve genetic prediction of CHD. We developed CHDBioPRS, combining BioPRS with PRS of CHD in the UK Biobank and tested it on FinnGen. We found that BioPRS was clearly predictive of CHD and that CHDBioPRS improved the standard CHD PRS. The largest effect was observed with early onset cases in FinnGen, with HRs above 2 per standard deviation of CHDBioPRS.",JACC. Basic to translational science,2023,Jake Lin; Nina Mars; Yu Fu; Pietari Ripatti; Tuomo Kiiskinen; Taru Tukiainen; Samuli Ripatti; Matti Pirinen,10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.07.006,Journal Article,cholesterol,False,Jake Lin et al. (2023). Integration of Biomarker Polygenic Risk Score Improves Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease. JACC. Basic to translational science.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38205343/
37532373,Sleep Deficiency and Cardiometabolic Disease.,"Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that short sleep duration is associated with an increased risk of cardio-metabolic health outcomes including cardiovascular disease mortality, coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. Experimental sleep restriction studies have sought to explain these findings. This review describes the main evidence of these associations and possible mechanisms explaining them. Whether sleep extension reverses these now widely acknowledged adverse health effects and the feasibility of implementing such strategies on a public health level is discussed.",Sleep medicine clinics,2023,Roo Killick; Lachlan Stranks; Camilla M Hoyos,10.1016/j.jsmc.2023.05.012,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Roo Killick et al. (2023). Sleep Deficiency and Cardiometabolic Disease. Sleep medicine clinics.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37532373/
36686644,[The biomarkers BNP and NT-proBNP].,"The present review of the biomarkers BNP and NT-pro-BNP is published in the series ""biomarkers"" of the","Zentralblatt fur Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie",2023,G M Oremek; K Passek; F Holzgreve; V von der Eltz; J Dröge,10.1007/s40664-022-00491-9,English Abstract; Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,"G M Oremek et al. (2023). [The biomarkers BNP and NT-proBNP]. Zentralblatt fur Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36686644/
36636385,Maternal Cardiovascular Disease After Pre-Eclampsia and Gestational Hypertension: A Narrative Review.,"Previous literature has highlighted that women who have a pregnancy affected by gestational hypertension or preeclampsia are at higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in later life. However, CVD is a composite of multiple outcomes, including coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke, and the risk of both CVD and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy varies by the population studied. We conducted a narrative review of the risk of cardiovascular outcomes for women with prior gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia. Previous literature is summarized by country and ethnicity, with a higher risk of CVD and coronary heart disease observed after gestational hypertension and a higher risk of CVD, coronary heart disease and heart failure observed after pre-eclampsia in most of the populations studied. Only one study was identified in a low- or middle-income country, and the majority of studies were conducted in white or mixed ethnicity populations. We discuss potential interventions to mitigate cardiovascular risk for these women in different settings and highlight the need for a greater understanding of the epidemiology of CVD risk after gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia outside of high-income, white populations.",American journal of lifestyle medicine,2023,Clare Oliver-Williams; Jasmine D Johnson; Catherine J Vladutiu,10.1177/15598276211037964,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Clare Oliver-Williams et al. (2023). Maternal Cardiovascular Disease After Pre-Eclampsia and Gestational Hypertension: A Narrative Review. American journal of lifestyle medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36636385/
37429691,Kinesiophobia and its associated factors in patients with coronary heart disease: a cross-sectional study based on latent feature analysis.,"The aim of this study was to explore the current situation of kinesiophobia in patients with coronary heart disease, classify it based on potential profile analysis and explore the relevant factors of kinesiophobia in different categories of patients with coronary heart disease. Cross-sectional study. Patients with coronary heart disease in China. Adult (aged >18 years) patients with coronary heart disease in China; 252 participants in this study answered the questionnaire. The study investigated the scores of Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia Heart, and collected information on the patient's age, gender, monthly household income, education level, place of residence, marital status, occupational status, hypertension, diabetes, heart failure and body mass index (BMI). Kinesiophobia in patients with coronary heart disease can be divided into low fear type (C1), intermediate fear type (C2) and high fear type (C3). Elderly patients were classified as type C3. Women and patients with a normal BMI were classified as type C1; patients with a normal BMI and patients with an overweight BMI were classified as type C2. Kinesiophobia of patients with coronary heart disease can be divided into three categories, and intervention measures are implemented according to their different demographic characteristics to reduce kinesiophobia of patients and promote the participation of patients in exercise rehabilitation.",BMJ open,2023,Zijiao Wang; Yifan Zhang; Yanping Wang; Lamei Liu; Junmei Zhang,10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072170,Journal Article,bmi; hypertension,False,Zijiao Wang et al. (2023). Kinesiophobia and its associated factors in patients with coronary heart disease: a cross-sectional study based on latent feature analysis. BMJ open.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37429691/
37420072,[The new recommendations for hypertension therapy].,"The new guidelines of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) are a milestone for the improved care of patients with hypertension. The aim was to provide a comprehensive guide and a detailed description of uncomplicated but also complicated hypertension with its comorbidities for everyday practice. Numerous new aspects were added, and clinical situations were also described and recommendations for action were given. The most important general aspects of practical high-pressure diagnostics, prognosis assessment, and basic treatment with the blood pressure goals, as well as follow-up care are presented in the overview.",MMW Fortschritte der Medizin,2023,Markus van der Giet; Florian P Limbourg; Oliver Vonend; Ulrich Wenzel,10.1007/s15006-023-2803-5,English Abstract; Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Markus van der Giet et al. (2023). [The new recommendations for hypertension therapy]. MMW Fortschritte der Medizin.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37420072/
36748961,Associated factors and hemodynamic characteristics of resistant hypertension in the elderly.,"The purpose of this study was to explore the associated factors and hemodynamic characteristics of resistant hypertension (RHTN) in the elderly. A total of 283 patients aged ≥60 years with hypertension were evaluated by the CNAP™ monitor. Among them, 240 patients were non-RHTN (controlled hypertension with use of three or fewer antihypertensive medications) and 43 patients were RHTN (uncontrolled hypertension despite the concurrent use of ≥3 antihypertensive drugs at optimized doses, including a diuretic, or achieving target blood pressure with the use of ≥4 antihypertensive medications). RHTN was associated with higher body mass index (BMI), longer hypertension duration, and coronary heart disease (p = .004, p < .001, and p = .042, respectively). The mean number of antihypertensive medications was greater in patients with RHTN (p < .001). Hemodynamic analysis revealed higher cardiac output in the RHTN group than in the non-RHTN group, while no difference was observed in systemic vascular resistance. Screening for secondary etiology showed that, among the 43 patients with RHTN, 8 (18.6%) had chronic kidney disease, 8 (18.6%) had obstructive sleep apnea, 4 (9.3%) had primary aldosteronism, 2 (4.7%) had renovascular disease. No significant differences were observed in the cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance values between different causes of RHTN. These findings suggest that higher body mass index, longer hypertension duration, and coronary heart disease emerged as the associated factors of RHTN in the elderly. RHTN is characterized by higher cardiac output. Screening for the possible secondary etiology of RHTN in the elderly patients is necessary and important.","Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)",2023,Hui Geng; Xiahuan Chen; Wenyi Liang; Meilin Liu,10.1111/jch.14640,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",hypertension,False,"Hui Geng et al. (2023). Associated factors and hemodynamic characteristics of resistant hypertension in the elderly. Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.).",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36748961/
37199588,New Clues to Cardiovascular Disease: Erythrocyte Lifespan.,"Determination of erythrocyte lifespan is an important part of the diagnosis of hemolytic diseases. Recent studies have revealed alterations in erythrocyte lifespan among patients with various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerotic coronary heart disease, hypertension, and heart failure. This review summarizes the progress of research on erythrocyte lifespan in cardiovascular diseases.",Aging and disease,2023,Ziyu Lu; Yuanmin Li,10.14336/AD.2023.0506,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Ziyu Lu et al. (2023). New Clues to Cardiovascular Disease: Erythrocyte Lifespan. Aging and disease.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37199588/
36929173,Clinical characteristics and outcomes of Chinese patients with coronary heart disease and resistant hypertension.,"There is currently few research on clinical characteristics and outcomes of coronary heart disease (CHD) with resistant hypertension in central region of China. This study aimed to assess the risk factors and outcomes of CHD and resistant hypertension in population of central region of China. A total of 1467 CHD patients with hypertension were included and considered to three groups according to blood pressure control: controlled group (blood pressure < 140/90 mmHg on three or less antihypertensive drugs); uncontrolled group (blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg on two or less antihypertensive drugs); or resistant group (blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg on three antihypertensive drugs or < 140/90 mmHg on at least four antihypertensive drugs including diuretic). The authors evaluated the clinical outcomes of three groups at 1-year follow-up. The prevalence of resistant hypertension was 21.8%. Significant adjusted associated factors of resistant hypertension included per unit changes body mass index (BMI, OR 1.12), and four categorical variable diagnosis by yes or no: heart failure (HF, OR 2.62), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH, OR 2.83), diabetes (OR 1.55), and chronic kidney disease (CKD, OR 1.63). In multiple adjusted Cox regression analysis, patients in resistant group had a higher risk of the primary outcome (HR, 2.14 [95% CI, 1.47-3.11]; p < .001). Moreover, the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in patients with resistant hypertension is also significantly increased (HR, 2.11 [95% CI, 1.39-3.20]; p < .001). In conclusion, resistant hypertension was a quite common and high proportion finding in patients with CHD and hypertension in central region of China, and these patients have a worse clinical prognosis.","Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)",2023,Binbin Zhu; Yahui Liu; Weicen Zhou; Yao Du; Datun Qi; Chenxu Wang; Qianqian Cheng; You Zhang; Shan Wang; Chuanyu Gao,10.1111/jch.14651,Journal Article,hypertension,False,"Binbin Zhu et al. (2023). Clinical characteristics and outcomes of Chinese patients with coronary heart disease and resistant hypertension. Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.).",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36929173/
36541212,Caring for Patients With Diabetes in Stroke Neurology.,"Diabetes is a heterogeneous disease that affects 9% of the world's population (11% in the United States). The consequences of diabetes for the brain are severe; it nearly doubles a person's risk of stroke and is a major contributor to risk for cerebral small vessel disease and dementia. These effects on the brain are in addition to peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and coronary heart disease. In this article, we explain the treatments that can prevent or mitigate its harmful effects and propose a role for neurologists and other neurology clinicians in managing patients during routine care.",Stroke,2023,Walter N Kernan; Rachel Forman; Silvio E Inzucchi,10.1161/STROKEAHA.122.038163,Journal Article; Review,diabetes,False,Walter N Kernan et al. (2023). Caring for Patients With Diabetes in Stroke Neurology. Stroke.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36541212/
38203279,The p66,"Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease, the prevalence of which is constantly increasing worldwide. It is often burdened by disabling comorbidities that reduce the quality and expectancy of life of the affected individuals. The traditional complications of diabetes are generally described as macrovascular complications (e.g., coronary heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, and stroke), and microvascular complications (e.g., diabetic kidney disease, retinopathy, and neuropathy). Recently, due to advances in diabetes management and the increased life expectancy of diabetic patients, a strong correlation between diabetes and other pathological conditions (such as liver diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cognitive impairments, and sleep disorders) has emerged. Therefore, these comorbidities have been proposed as emerging complications of diabetes. P66",International journal of molecular sciences,2023,Giuseppina Biondi; Nicola Marrano; Anna Borrelli; Martina Rella; Rossella D'Oria; Valentina Annamaria Genchi; Cristina Caccioppoli; Angelo Cignarelli; Sebastio Perrini; Luigi Laviola; Francesco Giorgino; Annalisa Natalicchio,10.3390/ijms25010108,Journal Article; Review,diabetes,False,Giuseppina Biondi et al. (2023). The p66 International journal of molecular sciences.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38203279/
36608437,Is There a Role for Coronary Calcium in Patients With Diabetes?,"In the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), a significant portion of high-risk patients have diabetes. Two decades ago, patients with or without cardiovascular disease were identified as having coronary heart disease (CHD) risk equivalents because prospective studies showed that they were at risk for future CHD events equivalent to that of patients with established CHD. Thus, for patients with CHD, cholesterol guidelines recommended that patients with diabetes should be treated routinely with statins. However, recently, the treatment of diabetes has been greatly improved, and the risk for ASCVD has decreased. For this reason, it may be appropriate to re-evaluate the recommendations for routine use of statins in patients with diabetes. One of the major advances in the risk assessment for ASCVD is the introduction of coronary artery calcium measurement. This report will examine the role of coronary artery calcium scanning for the decision to initiate statin therapy in the primary prevention for patients with diabetes.",The American journal of cardiology,2023,Scott M Grundy; Gloria L Vega; Nathan D Wong,10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.12.003,Journal Article; Review,diabetes,False,Scott M Grundy et al. (2023). Is There a Role for Coronary Calcium in Patients With Diabetes? The American journal of cardiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36608437/
35993471,"MicroRNA 155, Factor XIII and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Heart Disease.","There is a rise in the number of individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in South Africa. Cardiovascular disease is among the macrovascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus and accounts for the high mortality rate in patients with T2DM. The disease is characterized by insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, hypofibrinolysis and hypercoagulation. The impairment of fibrinolysis, hyperactivation of coagulation and the inflammatory pathways result in an increased risk of developing coronary heart disease. Factor XIII-A is one of the key coagulation factors that play a crucial role in the last stage of the coagulation cascade, and it has been shown to play a critical role in the development of thrombotic diseases. In addition, several studies show the influence of FXIII-A polymorphisms on thrombotic diseases. The influence of genetic variations such as single nucleotide variants and gene expression regulators (micro-RNAs) are important factors involved in the hyperactivation of coagulation and hypofibrinolysis. Thus, this review aims to summarise key aspects of coagulation, FXIII-A expression, potential FXIII-A genetic variations and epigenetic mediators (micro-RNA-155) in T2DM and patients with coronary artery disease.",Current diabetes reviews,2023,Marry-Ann Ntanyane Phasha; Prashilla Soma; Mia-Jeanne Van Rooy; Alisa Phulukdaree,10.2174/1573399819999220819144402,Review; Journal Article,diabetes,False,"Marry-Ann Ntanyane Phasha et al. (2023). MicroRNA 155, Factor XIII and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Heart Disease. Current diabetes reviews.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35993471/
37822195,"Lower extremity arterial disease perspective: IUA consensus document on ""lead management"". Part 1.","Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is defined as coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease, or lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) also named peripheral arterial disease (PAD). ASCVD is considered to be of atherosclerotic origin and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality mainly for individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). In this consensus document of the International Union of Angiology the authors discuss epidemiology, risk factors, primary and secondary prophylaxis, the correlation between diabetes mellitus and LEAD, conservative and surgical treatment.",International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology,2023,Pier Luigi Antignani; Mauro Gargiulo; Giacomo Gastaldi; Arkadiusz Jawien; Armando Mansilha; Pavel Poredos,10.23736/S0392-9590.23.05110-6,Journal Article; Consensus Statement,diabetes,False,"Pier Luigi Antignani et al. (2023). Lower extremity arterial disease perspective: IUA consensus document on ""lead management"". Part 1. International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37822195/
37497437,The role of mammalian Sirtuin 6 in cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus.,"Cardiovascular diseases are severe diseases posing threat to human health because of their high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The incidence of diabetes mellitus is also increasing rapidly. Various signaling molecules are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Sirtuin 6 (Sirt6), which is a class III histone deacetylase, has attracted numerous attentions since its discovery. Sirt6 enjoys a unique structure, important biological functions, and is involved in multiple cellular processes such as stress response, mitochondrial biogenesis, transcription, insulin resistance, inflammatory response, chromatin silencing, and apoptosis. Sirt6 also plays significant roles in regulating several cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, as well as cardiac remodeling, bringing Sirt6 into the focus of clinical interests. In this review, we examine the recent advances in understanding the mechanistic working through which Sirt6 alters the course of lethal cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus.",Frontiers in physiology,2023,Kehan Wu; Yaqiao Wang; Runmin Liu; Hao Wang; Tao Rui,10.3389/fphys.2023.1207133,Journal Article; Review,diabetes,False,Kehan Wu et al. (2023). The role of mammalian Sirtuin 6 in cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. Frontiers in physiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37497437/
37349787,Intensified glycemic control by HbA1c for patients with coronary heart disease and Type 2 diabetes: a review of findings and conclusions.,"The occurrence and development of coronary heart disease (CHD) are closely linked to fluctuations in blood glucose levels. While the efficacy of intensified treatment guided by HbA1c levels remains uncertain for individuals with diabetes and CHD, this review summarizes the findings and conclusions regarding HbA1c in the context of CHD. Our review showed a curvilinear correlation between regulated level of HbA1c and therapeutic effectiveness of intensified glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease. It is necessary to optimize the dynamic monitoring indicators of HbA1c, combine genetic profiles, haptoglobin phenotypes for example and select more suitable hypoglycemic drugs to establish more appropriate glucose-controlling guideline for patients with CHD at different stage of diabetes.",Cardiovascular diabetology,2023,Jingyang Chen; Dong Yin; Kefei Dou,10.1186/s12933-023-01875-8,"Journal Article; Review; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",diabetes,False,Jingyang Chen et al. (2023). Intensified glycemic control by HbA1c for patients with coronary heart disease and Type 2 diabetes: a review of findings and conclusions. Cardiovascular diabetology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37349787/
36776555,Effects of β-blockers on all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes and coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,"Beta-blockers have been considered as an effective treatment in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, there is still disputed whether β-blockers can increase all-cause mortality in patients with coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus (DM). Here, our systematic review and meta-analysis is aiming to assess the effects of β-blockers on all-cause mortality in patients with coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus. Four databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science) and other sources were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies related to the treatment of β-blockers for coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus patients. We further evaluated quality of evidence using the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) approach. Finally, a total of 16,188 records were identified, and four randomized controlled trials and six cohort studies (206,490 patients) were included. Random effects analysis revealed that β-blockers combined with routine treatment (RT) significantly decreased all-cause mortality in patients with coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus compared with RT in control group (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.75;",Frontiers in cell and developmental biology,2023,Shiqi Chen; Panhui Tian; Dannya Estau; Zijian Li,10.3389/fcell.2023.1076107,Journal Article; Review,diabetes,False,Shiqi Chen et al. (2023). Effects of β-blockers on all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes and coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36776555/
37542255,An innovative model for predicting coronary heart disease using triglyceride-glucose index: a machine learning-based cohort study.,"Various predictive models have been developed for predicting the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD), but none of them has had optimal predictive value. Although these models consider diabetes as an important CHD risk factor, they do not consider insulin resistance or triglyceride (TG). The unsatisfactory performance of these prediction models may be attributed to the ignoring of these factors despite their proven effects on CHD. We decided to modify standard CHD predictive models through machine learning to determine whether the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG-index, a logarithmized combination of fasting blood sugar (FBS) and TG that demonstrates insulin resistance) functions better than diabetes as a CHD predictor. Two-thousand participants of a community-based Iranian population, aged 20-74 years, were investigated with a mean follow-up of 9.9 years (range: 7.6-12.2). The association between the TyG-index and CHD was investigated using multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. By selecting common components of previously validated CHD risk scores, we developed machine learning models for predicting CHD. The TyG-index was substituted for diabetes in CHD prediction models. All components of machine learning models were explained in terms of how they affect CHD prediction. CHD-predicting TyG-index cut-off points were calculated. The incidence of CHD was 14.5%. Compared to the lowest quartile of the TyG-index, the fourth quartile had a fully adjusted hazard ratio of 2.32 (confidence interval [CI] 1.16-4.68, p-trend 0.04). A TyG-index > 8.42 had the highest negative predictive value for CHD. The TyG-index-based support vector machine (SVM) performed significantly better than diabetes-based SVM for predicting CHD. The TyG-index was not only more important than diabetes in predicting CHD; it was the most important factor after age in machine learning models. We recommend using the TyG-index in clinical practice and predictive models to identify individuals at risk of developing CHD and to aid in its prevention.",Cardiovascular diabetology,2023,Seyed Reza Mirjalili; Sepideh Soltani; Zahra Heidari Meybodi; Pedro Marques-Vidal; Alexander Kraemer; Mohammadtaghi Sarebanhassanabadi,10.1186/s12933-023-01939-9,Journal Article,diabetes,False,Seyed Reza Mirjalili et al. (2023). An innovative model for predicting coronary heart disease using triglyceride-glucose index: a machine learning-based cohort study. Cardiovascular diabetology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37542255/
36850616,Ultra-High Sensitivity Terahertz Microstructured Fiber Biosensor for Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Heart Disease Marker Detection.,"Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) are among top causes of patient health issues and fatalities in many countries. At present, terahertz biosensors have been widely used to detect chronic diseases because of their accurate detection, fast operation, flexible design and easy fabrication. In this paper, a Zeonex-based microstructured fiber (MSF) biosensor is proposed for detecting DM and CHD markers by adopting a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system. A suspended hollow-core structure with a square core and a hexagonal cladding is used, which enhances the interaction of terahertz waves with targeted markers and reduces the loss. This work focuses on simulating the transmission performance of the proposed MSF sensor by using a finite element method and incorporating a perfectly matched layer as the absorption boundary. The simulation results show that this MSF biosensor exhibits an ultra-high relative sensitivity, especially up to 100.35% at 2.2THz, when detecting DM and CHD markers. Furthermore, for different concentrations of disease markers, the MSF exhibits significant differences in effective material loss, which can effectively improve clinical diagnostic accuracy and clearly distinguish the extent of the disease. This MSF biosensor is simple to fabricate by 3D printing and extrusion technologies, and is expected to provide a convenient and capable tool for rapid biomedical diagnosis.","Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)",2023,Jia Xue; Yani Zhang; Zhe Guang; Ting Miao; Zohaib Ali; Dun Qiao; Yiming Yao; Kexin Wu; Lei Zhou; Cheng Meng; Nigel Copner,10.3390/s23042020,Journal Article,diabetes,False,"Jia Xue et al. (2023). Ultra-High Sensitivity Terahertz Microstructured Fiber Biosensor for Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Heart Disease Marker Detection. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland).",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36850616/
36631866,Dietary inflammatory index and cardiovascular disease risk in Hispanic women from the Women's Health Initiative.,"To evaluate the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII Secondary analysis of baseline dietary data and long-term CVD outcomes among 3,469 postmenopausal women who self-identified as Hispanic enrolled in WHI. DII scores were calculated from self-administered food frequency questionnaires. The CVD outcomes included coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. Stratified Cox regression models were used to assess the relationship between DII scores and CVD in women with and without obesity. Models were adjusted for age, lifestyle risk factors, known risk factors, and neighborhood socioeconomic status. The incidence of CHD was 3.4 and 2.8% for stroke after a median follow-up of 12.9 years. None of the DIIs were associated with CVD risk in this sample of Hispanic women. BMI interacted with the DII (p < 0.20) and stratified models showed that the associations between the DII and CVD were only significant in women with overweight (p < 0.05). In this group, higher DII scores were associated with a higher risk of CHD (HR 1.27; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.51) and a higher risk of stroke (HR 1.32; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.64). Among postmenopausal Hispanic women with overweight, greater adherence to pro-inflammatory diets was associated with higher risk of CVD. Additional research is needed to understand how to promote long-term heart-healthy dietary habits to reduce inflammation and prevent CVD in at-risk Hispanic women.",Nutrition journal,2023,Monica D Zuercher; Danielle J Harvey; Margarita Santiago-Torres; Lauren E Au; Nitin Shivappa; Aladdin H Shadyab; Matthew Allison; Linda Snetselaar; Buyun Liu; John A Robbins; James R Hébert; Lorena Garcia,10.1186/s12937-023-00838-9,"Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural",bmi,False,Monica D Zuercher et al. (2023). Dietary inflammatory index and cardiovascular disease risk in Hispanic women from the Women's Health Initiative. Nutrition journal.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36631866/
37945032,Asthma and incident coronary heart disease: an observational and Mendelian randomisation study.,"Observational studies suggest asthma is a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) and sex modifies the risk, but they may suffer from methodological limitations. To overcome these, we applied a ""triangulation approach"", where different methodologies, with different potential biases, were leveraged to enhance confidence in findings. First, we conducted an observational study using UK medical records to match asthma patients 1:1, by age, sex and general practitioner (GP) practice, to the general population. We measured the association between asthma and incident CHD (myocardial infarction: hospitalisation/death) by applying minimal sufficient adjustment: model 1, smoking, body mass index, oral corticosteroids, atopy and deprivation; model 2, additionally adjusting for healthcare behaviour (GP consultation frequency). Second, we conducted a Mendelian randomisation (MR) study using data from the UK Biobank, Trans-National Asthma Genetic Consortium (TAGC) and Coronary Artery Disease Genome-wide Replication and Meta-analysis consortium (CARDIoGRAM). Using 64 asthma single nucleotide polymorphisms, the effect of asthma on CHD was estimated with inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis and methods that adjust for pleiotropy. In our observational study (n=1 522 910), we found asthma was associated with 6% increased risk of CHD (model 1: HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.13); after accounting for healthcare behaviour, we found no association (model 2: HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.94-1.05). Asthma severity did not modify the association, but sex did (females: HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01-1.21; males: HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84-0.98). Our MR study (n=589 875) found no association between asthma and CHD (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.98-1.04) and no modification by sex. Our findings suggest that asthma is not a risk factor for CHD. Previous studies may have suffered from detection bias or residual confounding.",The European respiratory journal,2023,Carlos A Valencia-Hernández; Fabiola Del Greco M; Varun Sundaram; Laura Portas; Cosetta Minelli; Chloe I Bloom,10.1183/13993003.01788-2023,"Journal Article; Observational Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",bmi,False,Carlos A Valencia-Hernández et al. (2023). Asthma and incident coronary heart disease: an observational and Mendelian randomisation study. The European respiratory journal.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37945032/
37154885,Effect of Obesity Duration and BMI Trajectories on Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review.,"Obesity is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). It is crucial to understand the impact of its duration due to the more extended exposure period and the higher frequency of overweight/obesity at younger ages. In the last decade, various studies have discovered that the duration of obesity, in addition to its severity, might have an impact. Therefore, this study aimed to summarize the current literature to investigate the effect of body mass index (BMI) trajectories and overweight/obesity duration on cardiovascular outcomes. To retrieve related articles, we searched PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane electronic databases. The duration of overweight/obesity is significantly associated with CVDs, especially heart failure and atrial fibrillation. However, there are contradictory results regarding the association between coronary heart disease and stroke with the duration of obesity. Additionally, no association with peripheral vascular disease has yet to be reported. The absence of this association may be brought on by covariates or various follow-up times. Nevertheless, it seems that both stable overweight and remarkably stable obesity increase the risk of CVDs, as does both stable overweight and notably stable obesity. Metrics showing both the severity and the duration of overweight/obesity are more effective than each alone, and it is recommended to be used for assessing the risk of various CVDs. There are few studies in these areas, and studies with more extended follow-up periods, with a wide age range, while adjusting for some specific covariates, are needed.",Cardiology and therapy,2023,Reza Amani-Beni; Bahar Darouei; Hamidreza Zefreh; Erfan Sheikhbahaei; Masoumeh Sadeghi,10.1007/s40119-023-00317-6,Journal Article; Review,bmi,False,Reza Amani-Beni et al. (2023). Effect of Obesity Duration and BMI Trajectories on Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review. Cardiology and therapy.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37154885/
37935988,Independent relevance of adiposity measures to coronary heart disease risk among 0.5 million adults in UK Biobank.,"Evidence on body fat distribution shows opposing effects of waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) for coronary heart disease (CHD). We aimed to investigate the causality and the shape of such associations. UK Biobank is a prospective cohort study of 0.5 million adults aged 40-69 years recruited between 2006 and 2010. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for the associations of measured and genetically predicted body mass index (BMI), WC, HC and waist-to-hip ratio with incident CHD were obtained from Cox models. Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to assess causality. The analysis included 456 495 participants (26 225 first-ever CHD events) without prior CHD. All measures of adiposity demonstrated strong, positive and approximately log-linear associations with CHD risk over a median follow-up of 12.7 years. For HC, however, the association became inverse given the BMI and WC (HR per usual SD 0.95, 95% CI 0.93-0.97). Associations for BMI and WC remained independently positive after adjustment for other adiposity measures and were similar (1.14, 1.13-1.16 and 1.18, 1.15-1.20, respectively), with WC displaying stronger associations among women. Blood pressure, plasma lipids and dysglycaemia accounted for much of the observed excess risk. MR results were generally consistent with the observational, implying causality. Body fat distribution measures displayed similar associations with CHD risk as BMI except for HC, which was inversely associated with CHD risk (given WC and BMI). These findings suggest that different measures of body fat distribution likely influence CHD risk through both overlapping and independent mechanisms.",International journal of epidemiology,2023,Eirini Trichia; Debbie E Malden; Danyao Jin; Neil Wright; Hannah Taylor; Fredrik Karpe; Paul Sherliker; Federico Murgia; Jemma C Hopewell; Ben Lacey; Jonathan Emberson; Derrick Bennett; Sarah Lewington,10.1093/ije/dyad143,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",bmi,False,Eirini Trichia et al. (2023). Independent relevance of adiposity measures to coronary heart disease risk among 0.5 million adults in UK Biobank. International journal of epidemiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37935988/
37640779,Bidirectional associations between periodontal disease and systemic diseases: a nationwide population-based study in Korea.,"To evaluate the associations of periodontal disease (PD) with systemic diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as the reciprocal association. The CVD included the cases of coronary heart disease and heart failure. A prospective study was conducted from 2007 to 2019 using linked data from three databases in Korea. Three separate study groups were formed to individually determine the risks of PD (n = 10,533), DM (n = 14,523) and CVD (n = 14,315). All diseases were confirmed based on physicians' diagnoses using medical records and self-reports. Cox proportional hazard regression was applied with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to obtain hazard ratios (HRs). PD was significantly associated with an elevated risk of DM (HR [95% CI]: 1.22 [1.07-1.39]) after full adjustment for age, sex, lifestyle factors, body mass index, dental behaviour and CVD. PD was also found to increase the risk of CVD (1.27 [1.03-1.57]), whereas CVD increased the risk of PD (1.20 [1.09-1.32]) after full adjustment for other covariates including DM. This study found a bidirectional association between PD and CVD, as well as a positive association of PD with DM.",Scientific reports,2023,Salma Nabila; Jaesung Choi; Ji-Eun Kim; Seokyung Hahn; In-Kyung Hwang; Tae-Il Kim; Hee-Kyung Park; Ji-Yeob Choi,10.1038/s41598-023-41009-4,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",bmi,False,Salma Nabila et al. (2023). Bidirectional associations between periodontal disease and systemic diseases: a nationwide population-based study in Korea. Scientific reports.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37640779/
36891666,Causal association of cardiovascular disease with erectile dysfunction: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis.,"The association between cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including ischemic stroke (IS), heart failure (HF), myocardial infarction (MI), and coronary heart disease (CHD), and erectile dysfunction (ED) remains unclear from observational studies. We explored the potential bidirectional association between CVD and ED by Mendelian randomization (MR). Data from genome-wide association studies for CVD in individuals with European ancestry were obtained from several databases, with 1,711,875-977,323 participants, while that for ED included 223,805 participants. We conducted univariate MR (UVMR), inverse variance-weighting (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger, and multivariate MR (MVMR) analyses to explore the bidirectional causal effects between CVD and ED. UVMR indicated that IS (odds ratios [OR] = 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-1.21, P = 0.007), HF (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.07-1.74, P = 0.013), and CHD (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.09-1.18, P = 0.022) were associated with ED. By MVMR, IS estimates remained significant after accounting for combining single nucleotide polymorphisms from CVDs (OR = 1.42, 95%CI: 1.13-1.79, P = 0.002). Moreover, the effect of a genetic susceptibility to IS on ED was not mediated by type 2 diabetes or triglycerides; that of HF was not mediated by type 2 diabetes, and that of CHD was not mediated by body mass index. Bidirectional analyses showed that genetic susceptibility to ED did not confer any increased CVD risk. Our results, based on MR, indicated that genetic susceptibility to IS, HF, and CHD was causally associated with ED. These findings can inform prevention and intervention strategies for ED in IS, HF, and CHD patients.",Andrology,2023,Miaoyong Ye; Jiaxing Chen; Jianxiong Ma; Junwei Wang; Cunming Zhang; Baijun Chen; Zhongbiao Wu; Fan Zhao; Lan Ma,10.1111/andr.13421,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",bmi,False,Miaoyong Ye et al. (2023). Causal association of cardiovascular disease with erectile dysfunction: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis. Andrology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36891666/
36844727,"Causal association between cardiovascular diseases and erectile dysfunction, a Mendelian randomization study.","Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and atrial fibrillation, are prevalent in the aged. However, the influence of CVD on ED is less investigated. This study was performed to clarify the causal association between CVD and ED. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) datasets targeting CHD, heart failure, IHD, and atrial fibrillation were downloaded to retrieve single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Further, single-variable Mendelian randomization and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) were adopted to explore the causal association between CVD and ED. Genetically predicted CHD and heart failure were found to increase the risks of ED (OR = 1.09, Using genetic data, this study revealed that genetically predicted CHD and heart failure may predict better ED compared with atrial fibrillation and IHD. The results should be interpreted with caution and the insignificant causal inference of IHD still needs further verification in future studies.",Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine,2023,Qingying Li; Qiang Long; Baoming Ren; Sen Bing,10.3389/fcvm.2023.1094330,Journal Article,bmi,False,"Qingying Li et al. (2023). Causal association between cardiovascular diseases and erectile dysfunction, a Mendelian randomization study. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36844727/
38111280,Hormone Replacement Therapy and Psoriasis Risk: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.,"Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is used to relieve menopause symptoms, but has been reported to be associated with coronary heart disease and cancers in women. However, a link between HRT and psoriasis has yet to be established. The aim of this study was to determine the association between HRT and the risk of psoriasis. We executed a nationwide population-based study. A total of 1,130,741 post-menopause women were enrolled in the national health care insurance database based on the enrollment criteria. The study population was classified into four groups based on the duration of the HRT, and the risk of psoriasis was analyzed. The incidence rates of psoriasis per 1,000 person-years were 3.36 and 4.09 in the no history of HRT and ≥ 5 years of HRT, respectively. After adjustment for age, smoking, alcohol intake, regular exercise, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, the most prolonged duration of the HRT group (≥ 5 years) exhibited significantly increased risk of developing psoriasis (hazard ratio, 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-1.29). We propose that HRT in post-menopausal women is associated with an increased likelihood of psoriasis development.",Journal of Korean medical science,2023,Gang Min Go; Hyun Ju Oh; Kyungdo Han; Yeong Ho Kim; Hyun Ji Lee; Ji Hyun Lee,10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e377,Journal Article,bmi,False,Gang Min Go et al. (2023). Hormone Replacement Therapy and Psoriasis Risk: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. Journal of Korean medical science.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38111280/
36710116,Risk score for coronary heart disease (CHD-RISK) and hemodynamically significant aortic valve stenosis.,"Multiple studies have investigated the association between coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors and aortic valve stenosis (AS). However, limited studies have explored the relationship between CHD risk scores and AS. Whether incident risk scores for coronary heart disease (CHD-RISK) may be applied to predict AS remains unclear. We aim to investigate the association between AS and CHD-RISK. We included 4791 participants (age 54.6 ± 5.0 yrs, 58.7% women, 81% were of European origin), and CHD-RISK was estimated in 1990-1992. The participants were then followed-up until December 31, 2013. The primary outcome was hemodynamic significant AS identified by Doppler echocardiography in 2011-2013. We used multivariate-logistic regression models to assess the associations between CHD-RISK and AS. During follow-up, 963 (20.1%) cases of AS were identified. Per-standard deviation (6%) increase in CHD-RISK was associated with OR 95% Cl [1.194, 95% CI 1.068 to 1.335, p = 0.002] risk of AS in the fully adjusted models. Results were similar when stratified by quintiles of CHD-RISK, using the lowest quintiles 9.21% were; 1.33 (95% CI, 0.99-1.78, p = 0.055), 1.64 (95% CI, 1.17-2.29, p = 0.004), 2.23 (95% CI, 1.49-3.32, p = <0.001), 2.66 (95% CI, 1.65-4.31, p = <0.001) respectively. CHD-RISK was associated with AS. CHD-RISK and AS were high in females, age ≥55 yrs, current smokers, and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m","Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD",2023,Odong Christopher; Zhenyu Xiong; Yiquan Huang; Xiaodong Zhuang; Shaozhao Zhang; Menghui Liu; Yue Guo; Xinxue Liao,10.1016/j.numecd.2022.12.023,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,False,"Odong Christopher et al. (2023). Risk score for coronary heart disease (CHD-RISK) and hemodynamically significant aortic valve stenosis. Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36710116/
36812475,DNAmFitAge: biological age indicator incorporating physical fitness.,"Physical fitness is a well-known correlate of health and the aging process and DNA methylation (DNAm) data can capture aging via epigenetic clocks. However, current epigenetic clocks did not yet use measures of mobility, strength, lung, or endurance fitness in their construction. We develop blood-based DNAm biomarkers for fitness parameters gait speed (walking speed), maximum handgrip strength, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) which have modest correlation with fitness parameters in five large-scale validation datasets (average r between 0.16-0.48). We then use these DNAm fitness parameter biomarkers with DNAmGrimAge, a DNAm mortality risk estimate, to construct DNAmFitAge, a new biological age indicator that incorporates physical fitness. DNAmFitAge is associated with low-intermediate physical activity levels across validation datasets (",Aging,2023,Kristen M McGreevy; Zsolt Radak; Ferenc Torma; Matyas Jokai; Ake T Lu; Daniel W Belsky; Alexandra Binder; Riccardo E Marioni; Luigi Ferrucci; Ewelina Pośpiech; Wojciech Branicki; Andrzej Ossowski; Aneta Sitek; Magdalena Spólnicka; Laura M Raffield; Alex P Reiner; Simon Cox; Michael Kobor; David L Corcoran; Steve Horvath,10.18632/aging.204538,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural",age,False,Kristen M McGreevy et al. (2023). DNAmFitAge: biological age indicator incorporating physical fitness. Aging.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36812475/
36636125,Cardiovascular risk-enhancing factors and coronary artery calcium in South Asian American adults: The MASALA study.,"The 2018 and 2019 U.S. guidelines for the management of cholesterol and primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) recommend consideration of cardiovascular risk-enhancing factors (REFs), including South Asian ancestry, to refine ASCVD risk estimation. However, the associations of REFs with atherosclerosis are unclear in South Asian American adults, who have a disproportionately elevated premature coronary heart disease risk. In the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) cohort, we investigated associations of individual REFs, or the number of REFs, with coronary artery calcium (CAC). Using baseline and follow-up data from MASALA, we evaluated the association of REFs (family history of ASCVD, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥160 mg/dL, triglycerides ≥175 mg/dL, lipoprotein(a) >50 mg/dL, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP] ≥2.0 mg/dL, ankle-brachial index <0.9, chronic kidney disease, metabolic syndrome), individually and combined, with baseline prevalent CAC, any CAC progression (including incident CAC and CAC progression), and annual CAC progression rates using multivariable logistic regression and generalized linear models. Among 866 adults, mean age was 55 [SD 9] years and 47% were female. There were no significant associations of REFs with baseline prevalent CAC or any CAC progression (incident CAC and CAC progression at Exam 2) after adjustment. Among the 56% of participants who had any CAC progression, having 3+ REFs was associated with a significantly higher annual CAC progression rate (adjusted rate ratio [aRR] 1.94, 95% CI 1.39-2.72) vs. having 0 REFs. The annual CAC progression rate was 20% higher per additional REF (aRR 1.20, 95% CI 1.09-1.32). Findings were similar after excluding statin users, and among those with low 10-year ASCVD risk (<5%). Among South Asian American adults, we found no association of REFs with prevalent CAC at baseline or having any CAC progression. Among those with any CAC progression, a higher number of REFs was associated with higher annual CAC progression rates.",American journal of preventive cardiology,2023,Harini Shah; Emma Garacci; Supreeti Behuria; Miguel Cainzos-Achirica; Namratha R Kandula; Alka M Kanaya; Nilay S Shah,10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100453,Journal Article,age,False,Harini Shah et al. (2023). Cardiovascular risk-enhancing factors and coronary artery calcium in South Asian American adults: The MASALA study. American journal of preventive cardiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36636125/
36958975,The association between leptin and subclinical cardiovascular disease explained by body fat: Observational and Mendelian randomization analyses.,"Leptin has been associated with adverse effects on cardiovascular disease, but the effect of confounding by body fat in these associations remains unclear. To investigate associations between leptin and heart function and subclinical cardiovascular disease adjusted for total body fat, and to investigate the causal relation between leptin and cardiovascular disease using Mendelian randomisation. Leptin concentrations, total body fat and diverse measures of subclinical cardiovascular disease were determined in participants of the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity study. Linear regression between leptin concentration and measures of heart function, ECG measures, and carotid intima media thickness as a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis was adjusted for potential confounding factors, and additionally including total body fat. We analysed the combined effects of genetic variants from a GWAS on leptin concentrations in publicly-available summary statistics of coronary heart disease GWAS (CARDIoGRAMplusC4D, n = 184,305). As many as 6107 men and women, mean (SD) age 56 (6) years, BMI 26 (4) kg/m Observational associations between leptin and subclinical measures of cardiovascular disease were largely explained by differences in total body fat. Results of analyses of genetically-determined leptin and coronary heart disease risk were inconclusive due to a large confidence interval.","Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD",2023,Tim Christen; Renée de Mutsert; Roelof Aj Smit; Ko Willems van Dijk; Hildo J Lamb; Frits R Rosendaal; J Wouter Jukema; Stella Trompet,10.1016/j.numecd.2023.02.013,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,False,"Tim Christen et al. (2023). The association between leptin and subclinical cardiovascular disease explained by body fat: Observational and Mendelian randomization analyses. Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36958975/
36625173,Associations Between Korean Coronary Heart Disease Risk Score and Cognitive Function in Dementia-Free Korean Older Adults.,"Cardiovascular risk is a modifiable factor that can help prevent dementia. Given the dearth of optimal treatment options, managing dementia risk factors is crucial. We examined the association between cardiovascular risk, as measured by the Korean coronary heart disease risk score (KRS), and cognitive function in dementia-free elderly individuals. We enrolled 8,600 individuals (average age: 69.74 years; 5,206 women) who underwent a medical evaluation from the National Health Insurance Service. KRS was calculated using age, sex, blood pressure, lipid profile, diabetes, and smoking status. Cognitive function was evaluated using Korean Dementia Screening Questionnaire-Cognition (KDSQ-C). Scores of ≥ 6 indicated a cognitive decline. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Weight, height, stroke history, coronary heart disease history, alcohol consumption, and physical activity engagement were adjusted. The lowest, middle, and highest groups, according to the KRS, were 5,923 (68.9%), 2,343 (27.2%), and 334 (3.9%), respectively. The highest KRS group in all participants exhibited a greater risk of cognitive decline than the lowest KRS group (OR, 1.339; 95% CI, 1.034-1.734; Individuals with high cardiovascular risk were associated with poorer cognitive function than those with low risk, especially older women. Cardiovascular risk factors should be carefully managed to promote healthy mental aging in dementia-free elderly individuals.",Journal of Korean medical science,2023,Hanbit Mun; Jae-Yong Shim; Heejin Kimm; Hee-Cheol Kang,10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e11,Journal Article,age,False,Hanbit Mun et al. (2023). Associations Between Korean Coronary Heart Disease Risk Score and Cognitive Function in Dementia-Free Korean Older Adults. Journal of Korean medical science.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36625173/
36331823,Interplay of Atherogenic Particle Number and Particle Size and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease.,"We examined the interplay of apolipoprotein B (apoB) and LDL particle size, approximated by the LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C)/apoB ratio, on the risk of new-onset coronary heart disease (CHD). Participants without cardiovascular disease from the UK Biobank (UKB; n = 308 182), the Women's Health Study (WHS; n = 26 204), and the Framingham Heart Study (FHS; n = 2839) were included. Multivariable Cox models were used to assess the relationship between apoB and LDL-C/apoB ratio and incidence of CHD (14 994 events). Our analyses were adjusted for age, sex (except WHS), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive treatment, diabetes, and smoking. In all 3 studies, there was a strong positive correlation between apoB and LDL-C (correlation coefficients r = 0.80 or higher) and a weak inverse correlation of apoB with LDL-C/apoB ratio (-0.28 ≤ r ≤ -0.14). For all 3 cohorts, CHD risk was higher for higher levels of apoB. Upon multivariable adjustment, the association between apoB and new-onset CHD remained robust and statistically significant in all 3 cohorts with hazard ratios per 1 SD (95% CI): 1.24 (1.22-1.27), 1.33 (1.20-1.47), and 1.24 (1.09-1.42) for UKB, WHS, and FHS, respectively. However, the association between LDL-C/apoB and CHD was statistically significant only in the FHS cohort: 0.78 (0.64-0.94). Our analysis confirms that apoB is a strong risk factor for CHD. However, given the null association in 2 of the 3 studies, we cannot confirm that cholesterol-depleted LDL particles are substantially more atherogenic than cholesterol-replete particles. These results lend further support to routine measurement of apoB in clinical care.",Clinical chemistry,2023,Karol M Pencina; Michael J Pencina; Patrick R Lawler; James C Engert; Line Dufresne; Paul M Ridker; George Thanassoulis; Samia Mora; Allan D Sniderman,10.1093/clinchem/hvac172,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural",age,False,Karol M Pencina et al. (2023). Interplay of Atherogenic Particle Number and Particle Size and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease. Clinical chemistry.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36331823/
37724474,Psychosocial Stressors at Work and Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Men and Women: 18-Year Prospective Cohort Study of Combined Exposures.,"Psychosocial stressors at work, like job strain and effort-reward imbalance (ERI), can increase coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. ERI indicates an imbalance between the effort and received rewards. Evidence about the adverse effect of combined exposure to these work stressors on CHD risk is scarce. This study examines the separate and combined effect of job strain and ERI exposure on CHD incidence in a prospective cohort of white-collar workers in Quebec, Canada. Six thousand four hundred sixty-five white-collar workers without cardiovascular disease (mean age, 45.3±6.7) were followed for 18 years (from 2000 to 2018). Job strain and ERI were measured with validated questionnaires. CHD events were retrieved from medico-administrative databases using validated algorithms. Marginal Cox models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) stratified by sex. Multiple imputation and inverse probability weights were applied to minimize potential threats to internal validity. Among 3118 men, 571 had a first CHD event. Exposure to either job strain or ERI was associated with an adjusted 49% CHD risk increase (HR, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.07-2.09]). Combined exposure to job strain and ERI was associated with an adjusted 103% CHD risk increase (HR, 2.03 [95% CI, 1.38-2.97]). Exclusion of early CHD cases and censoring at retirement did not alter these associations. Among 3347 women, 265 had a first CHD event. Findings were inconclusive (passive job HR, 1.24 [95% CI, 0.80-1.91]; active job HR, 1.16 [95% CI, 0.70-1.94]; job strain HR, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.66-1.77]; ERI HR, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.72-1.45]). In this prospective cohort study, men exposed to job strain or ERI, separately and in combination, were at increased risk of CHD. Early interventions on these psychosocial stressors at work in men may be effective prevention strategies to reduce CHD burden. Among women, further investigation is required.",Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes,2023,Mathilde Lavigne-Robichaud; Xavier Trudel; Denis Talbot; Alain Milot; Mahée Gilbert-Ouimet; Michel Vézina; Danielle Laurin; Clermont E Dionne; Neil Pearce; Gilles R Dagenais; Chantal Brisson,10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.122.009700,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,False,Mathilde Lavigne-Robichaud et al. (2023). Psychosocial Stressors at Work and Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Men and Women: 18-Year Prospective Cohort Study of Combined Exposures. Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37724474/
36846681,Effects of insomnia and non-vasomotor menopausal symptoms on coronary heart disease risk: a mendelian randomization study.,"Previous studies suggested that vasomotor symptoms were associated with an increasing risk of coronary heart diseases (CHD) but not clear with menopausal symptoms other than vasomotor symptoms. Given the heterogeneity and interrelationship among menopausal symptoms, it is not easy to make causal inferences based on observational studies. We performed a Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the association of individual non-vasomotor menopausal symptoms and the risk of CHDs. A sample of 177,497 British women aged ≥51 years old (average age at menopause) without related cardiovascular diseases from the UK biobank is selected as our study population. Non-vasomotor menopausal symptoms, including anxiety, nervous, insomnia, urinary tract infection, fatigue, and vertigo, were selected as exposures based on the modified Kupperman index. Outcome variable is CHD. In total, 54, 47, 24, 33, 22, and 81 instrumental variables were selected for anxiety, insomnia, fatigue, vertigo, urinary tract infection and nervous respectively. We conducted MR analyses of menopausal symptoms and CHD. Only insomnia symptoms increased the lifetime risk of CHD with OR 1.394 (p = 0.0003). There were no significant causal relationships with CHD and other menopausal symptoms. Insomnia near menopause age (45-50 years) does not increase the risk of CHD. However, postmenopausal (over 51) insomnia increases the risk of CHD. MR analyses support that among non-vasomotor menopausal symptoms, only insomnia symptoms may increase the lifetime risk of CHD. Insomnia at different ages near menopause has differential impacts on CHD risk.",Heliyon,2023,Ie-Bin Lian; Jia Jyun Sie; Chia-Chu Chang; Cathy S J Fann; Ching-Hui Huang,10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13569,Journal Article,age,False,Ie-Bin Lian et al. (2023). Effects of insomnia and non-vasomotor menopausal symptoms on coronary heart disease risk: a mendelian randomization study. Heliyon.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36846681/
37852159,Estimated risk of cardiovascular events and long-term complications: The projected future of diabetes patients in Delhi from the DEDICOM-II survey.,"Despite high prevalence and ethnic susceptibility, limited published estimates are available on long term complication risks among known diabetes patients in India. Hence, we undertook evaluation of the cardiovascular risk of known diabetes patients from Delhi. The community-survey was conducted using a probability-proportionate-to-size(systematic) 2-stage cluster design. Thirty areas were selected for a house-to-house survey to recruit 25 to 30 subjects (known diabetes ≥1 year; 35-65 years of age) per area. Scores from the UKPDS 2.1, UKPDS 2.0, Framingham, ASCVD, WHO, NHS and SCORE studies were used for 10-year risk calculation. We enrolled 843 subjects of which 800 consented for blood sampling. The mean age of the subjects was 53.0(52.1-54.0) years, the mean duration since diagnosis was 7.1(6.7-7.5) years, with 49.8 % women. 61.8 % were hypertensive, 81.5 % were dyslipidaemic and 53.3 % had poor glycaemic control. Although variable, risk engines estimates were consensual in projecting a high ten-year Coronary-Heart-Disease risk of 10-16 %, a stroke risk of 3.7-5.0 %, and a 5.0-5.7% risk of cardiovascular fatality. These risks were 1.5-3 times the 'risk at target levels' suggesting mitigability. Only 9.3 %, 16.0 %, and 30.0 % were taking aspirin, lipid lowering drugs and antihypertensives respectively. The study highlights the impending impact of, and the scope for improvement in the cardiovascular risk profile of diabetes patients in Delhi, including the use of cardioprotective medications. It strengthens the case for developing and testing potential interventions for improvement.",Diabetes & metabolic syndrome,2023,Swapnil Rawat; Ramasheesh Yadav; Siddhi Goyal; Jitender Nagpal,10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102880,Journal Article,age,False,Swapnil Rawat et al. (2023). Estimated risk of cardiovascular events and long-term complications: The projected future of diabetes patients in Delhi from the DEDICOM-II survey. Diabetes & metabolic syndrome.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37852159/
38094122,Application of machine learning algorithms to construct and validate a prediction model for coronary heart disease risk in patients with periodontitis: a population-based study.,"The association between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease is increasingly recognized. In this research, a prediction model utilizing machine learning (ML) was created and verified to evaluate the likelihood of coronary heart disease in individuals affected by periodontitis. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of data obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database, encompassing the period between 2009 and 2014.This dataset comprised detailed information on a total of 3,245 individuals who had received a confirmed diagnosis of periodontitis. Subsequently, the dataset was randomly partitioned into a training set and a validation set at a ratio of 6:4. As part of this study, we conducted weighted logistic regression analyses, both univariate and multivariate, to identify risk factors that are independent predictors for coronary heart disease in individuals who have periodontitis. Five different machine learning algorithms, namely Logistic Regression (LR), Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Classification and Regression Tree (CART), were utilized to develop the model on the training set. The evaluation of the prediction models' performance was conducted on both the training set and validation set, utilizing metrics including AUC (Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve), Brier score, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Additionally, a graphical representation called a nomogram was created using logistic regression to visually depict the predictive model. The factors that were found to independently contribute to the risk, as determined by both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, encompassed age, race, presence of myocardial infarction, chest pain status, utilization of lipid-lowering medications, levels of serum uric acid and serum creatinine. Among the five evaluated machine learning models, the KNN model exhibited exceptional accuracy, achieving an AUC value of 0.977. The calibration plot and brier score illustrated the model's ability to accurately estimate probabilities. Furthermore, the model's clinical applicability was confirmed by DCA. Our research showcases the effectiveness of machine learning algorithms in forecasting the likelihood of coronary heart disease in individuals with periodontitis, thereby aiding healthcare professionals in tailoring treatment plans and making well-informed clinical decisions.",Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine,2023,Yicheng Wang; Binghang Ni; Yuan Xiao; Yichang Lin; Yu Jiang; Yan Zhang,10.3389/fcvm.2023.1296405,Journal Article,age,False,Yicheng Wang et al. (2023). Application of machine learning algorithms to construct and validate a prediction model for coronary heart disease risk in patients with periodontitis: a population-based study. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38094122/
35467154,An update on lipid apheresis for familial hypercholesterolemia.,"Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an inherited metabolic defect leading to increased total cholesterol and low-density cholesterol (LDL) from birth onwards. Homozygous FH, presenting with clear clinical features, has a prevalence of ~ 1 per million. Prevalence of heterozygous FH is 1/500 European population. Atherosclerotic burden depends on the degree and duration of high LDL exposure. In severe cases, early detection is critical, and aggressive lipid-lowering therapies should begin in early childhood to reduce coronary heart disease risk. Pediatric therapeutic concepts correspond to adults and are orientated at LDL plasma concentration. Mean LDL plasma target value during treatment is < 135 mg/dL. Medication in childhood consists of ezetemibe, statins, resins, and PCSK-9 inhibitors, with consideration for age restrictions. Only a minority achieve the treatment target with drug therapy alone. Therapeutic apheresis for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia selectively removes lipoproteins from blood (lipid apheresis (LA)). LA has a long tradition in adult medicine and is also safely used in children by a variety of methods, if customized to special pediatric needs. LA reduces cholesterol levels independently of residual LDL-receptor function and not only achieves reduction or disappearance of xanthomas but also inhibits progression of or mitigates aortic valve stenosis and supravalvular aortic stenosis as well as coronary artery and other atherosclerotic lesions. Cardiovascular prognosis of patients with otherwise untreatable FH depends largely on timely use of LA. Taking into account LA as a lifelong treatment, starting early in childhood, it is important to accommodate therapy modalities, such as treatment frequency and point of time, into the life of the individual.","Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)",2023,Christina Taylan; Lutz T Weber,10.1007/s00467-022-05541-1,"Journal Article; Review; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,False,"Christina Taylan et al. (2023). An update on lipid apheresis for familial hypercholesterolemia. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany).",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35467154/
38454979,Coronary heart disease risk factors among academic workers based on the Jakarta Cardiovascular Score: A cross-sectional study.,"Change in lifestyle leads to change in disease patterns from infectious diseases and malnutrition to degenerative diseases, such as coronary heart disease (CHD). The increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among Indonesian workers and the general public will not only burden medical care expenses but also reduce work productivity, leading to more work-related injuries and work-related losses. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for CHD (age, sex, blood pressure, smoking, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, and weekly physical activity) and the CHD risk level among university workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted at workers at School of Medicine, Universitas Malikussaleh, Lhokseumawe, Indonesia. The risk level of CHD was calculated using Jakarta Cardiovascular Score and predicting model analyzed with multiple logistic regression model. Our data found that 58.2%, 25.5% and 16.3% of the university workers had low-, medium- and high-risk to have CHD. The final model indicted that the risk of heart disease was determined by gender, age, and the presence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Being male had odds ratio (OR) 30.84, aged >41 years old had OR 11.52, having hypertension had OR 4.87 and having diabetes mellitus had OR 13.99 for having high risk of CHD compared to female, those younger than 41 years old, having no hypertension and having no diabetes mellitus, respectively. In conclusion, our data suggests that more than 15% the respondents (university employees) have high risk of CHD and being male and older, and having hypertension and diabetes mellitus are associated with risk of CHD. Implantation of the preventive measures is therefore important to be implemented at the universities.",Narra J,2023,Harvina Sawitri; Nora Maulina,10.52225/narra.v3i2.162,Journal Article,age,False,Harvina Sawitri et al. (2023). Coronary heart disease risk factors among academic workers based on the Jakarta Cardiovascular Score: A cross-sectional study. Narra J.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38454979/
36183084,Association between healthy lifestyle and the occurrence of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in hypertensive patients: a prospective cohort study of UK Biobank.,"Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) is becoming increasingly common in patients with hypertension, and it is well established that healthy lifestyle plays a key role in the prevention of hypertension. However, the association between combined lifestyle factors and CMM in patients with hypertension is uncertain. This prospective analysis included the data (obtained from the UK biobank) of participants with hypertension who did not have coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, or diabetes. The outcome was the occurrence of CMM, defined as ≥ 1 disease of CHD, stroke, and diabetes that occurred in participants with hypertension. Four lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, and physical activity) were assessed using a weighted healthy lifestyle score, and participants were divided into four groups: the very unhealthy, unhealthy, healthy, and very healthy groups. The flexible parameter Royston-Parmar proportional hazard model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) between lifestyles and CMM, as well as the difference in CMM-free life expectancy. During a median follow-up of 12.2 years, 9812 (18.4%) of the 53,397 hypertensive patients occurred CMM. Compared with the very unhealthy group, the very healthy group had a 41% reduction in the risk for CMM in hypertensive patients and a 32-50% reduction in the risk for specific cardiometabolic diseases such as CHD, stroke, and diabetes. For each lifestyle factor, non-smoking had the greatest protective effect against CMM (HR: 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60-0.68). A lifestyle combining multiple healthy factors extended CMM-free life expectancy (e.g., six years longer at age 45 years for participants in the very healthy group). Combined healthy lifestyle factors were associated with a lower risk for CMM in hypertensive patients. This suggests that combined healthy lifestyle should be supported to decrease disease burden.",Cardiovascular diabetology,2022,Hejian Xie; Jinchen Li; Xuanmeng Zhu; Jing Li; Jinghua Yin; Tianqi Ma; Yi Luo; Lingfang He; Yongping Bai; Guogang Zhang; Xunjie Cheng; Chuanchang Li,10.1186/s12933-022-01632-3,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",hypertension; smoking,False,Hejian Xie et al. (2022). Association between healthy lifestyle and the occurrence of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in hypertensive patients: a prospective cohort study of UK Biobank. Cardiovascular diabetology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36183084/
36455667,Revisiting secondary prevention in coronary heart disease.,"Secondary prevention in coronary heart disease is the prevention of occurrence of recurrent coronary events after clinical diagnosis. High level of adherence to secondary prevention interventions, especially aggressive lifestyle changes and pharmacotherapy can lead to significant decline in recurrent coronary events. Both international and Indian studies have reported low adherence to such therapies. Evidence-based useful interventions include regular physical activity, yoga, intake of healthy diet, smoking and tobacco use cessation and weight management. Pharmacotherapeutic interventions useful are anti-platelet therapy, target oriented lipid lowering therapy with statins, beta blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with impaired left ventricular function. Hypertension and diabetes management with control to targets is important. Novel strategies include use of anticoagulants, anti-inflammatory drugs, and triglyceride lowering for residual risk. Physician and patient level interventions using multifaceted educational, socioeconomic and technological innovations are important to promote life-long adherence to these strategies.",Indian heart journal,2022,Alben Sigamani; Rajeev Gupta,10.1016/j.ihj.2022.11.011,Journal Article; Review,diabetes; hypertension; smoking,False,Alben Sigamani et al. (2022). Revisiting secondary prevention in coronary heart disease. Indian heart journal.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36455667/
36364813,"Dietary Inflammatory Index and Its Association with the Prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease among 45,306 US Adults.","Inflammation plays a pivotal in the occurrence and development of coronary heart disease (CHD). We aim to investigate the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and CHD in the present study. In this cross-sectional study, adult participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (1999-2018) were enrolled. The social demographic information, lifestyle factors, blood biochemical measurements, dietary information, and CHD status of all the participants were systematically collected. Multivariable logistic regression was adopted to investigate the association between the risk of CHD and the DII. Besides, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to explore whether there was a nonlinear association of the DII and CHD. Subgroup analysis stratified by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and BMI was conducted to evaluate the association of the DII and CHD among different populations. A total of 45,306 adults from NHANES (1999-2018) were included. Compared with individuals without CHD, the DIIs of the participants with CHD were significantly elevated. A positive association was observed between the DII and CHD in multivariable logistic analysis after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education levels, smoking, drinking, diabetes, hypertension, and body mass index (BMI). Results of RCS analysis suggested a nonlinear relationship between the DII and CHD. In addition, the increment of the DII had a greater impact on female individuals compared with male individuals. The DII is closely associated with the risk of CHD. For better prevention and treatment of CHD, more attention should be paid to controlling dietary inflammation.",Nutrients,2022,Lida Wu; Yi Shi; Chaohua Kong; Junxia Zhang; Shaoliang Chen,10.3390/nu14214553,Journal Article,bmi; smoking,False,"Lida Wu et al. (2022). Dietary Inflammatory Index and Its Association with the Prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease among 45,306 US Adults. Nutrients.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36364813/
34083407,"Smoking cessation, weight gain and risk of cardiovascular disease.","To examine whether the relationship between smoking cessation and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was modified by weight gain. A total of 69 910 participants (29 650 men and 46 260 women) aged 45-74 years were grouped into six groups by smoking status in the first and 5-year surveys: sustained smokers, recent quitters according to postcessation weight gain (no weight gain, 0.1-5.0 kg, >5.0 kg), long-term quitters and never smokers. Quitting smoking within and longer than 5 years were defined as recent and long-term quitters, respectively. We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the HR for incident CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. We identified 4023 CVDs (889 CHDs and 3217 strokes) during a median of 14.8 years of follow-up. Compared with sustained smokers, the multivariable HR (95% CI) for CVD was 0.66 (0.52 to 0.83) for recent quitters without weight gain, 0.71 (0.55 to 0.90) for recent quitters with weight gain of 0.1-5.0 kg, 0.70 (0.44 to 1.10) for recent quitters with weight gain of >5.0 kg, 0.56 (0.49 to 0.64) for long-term quitters, and 0.60 (0.55 to 0.66) for never smokers. The analysis restricted to men showed a similar association. Prespecified analysis by age suggested that recent quitters overall had a lower HR for CVD among those aged <60 years vs ≥60 years. Similar patterns of association were observed in CHD and stroke. Postcessation weight gain did not attenuate the protective association between smoking cessation and risk of CVD.",Heart (British Cardiac Society),2022,Xiaowen Wang; Jia-Yi Dong; Renzhe Cui; Isao Muraki; Kokoro Shirai; Kazumasa Yamagishi; Yoshihiro Kokubo; Isao Saito; Hiroshi Yatsuya; Norie Sawada; Hiroyasu Iso; Shoichiro Tsugane,10.1136/heartjnl-2021-318972,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",smoking,False,"Xiaowen Wang et al. (2022). Smoking cessation, weight gain and risk of cardiovascular disease. Heart (British Cardiac Society).",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34083407/
34878493,Inclusion of Smoking Data in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Estimation.,"Former heavy smokers (ie, those with ≥20 pack-years of smoking) may have higher atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk than never smokers for up to 16 years after smoking cessation. However, the 2013 pooled cohort equations (PCE) do not account for pack-years of smoking and only consider current vs noncurrent smoking status without distinguishing former smokers from never smokers. To assess the predictive utility of smoking history when added to the PCE using data from 18 400 person examinations among Framingham offspring participants. This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from the Framingham Heart Study, a community-based cohort. Framingham Heart Study offspring cohort participants attending their first examination (1971-1975) who were followed-up through December 2016 were included. Self-reported current/former/never smoking status, pack-years smoked, and years since quitting. Incident ASCVD (myocardial infarction, fatal/nonfatal ischemic stroke, coronary heart disease death). Of 3908 patients, there were 358 and 197 events among 1895 men and 2013 women, respectively, with a mean (SD) age of 55 (9.5) years. Ever smoking prevalence was high (6474 men [77%] and 7760 women [78%]), as were median pack-years (men: 39; women: 32 overall person examinations). Four sex-specific ASCVD risk prediction models were built using pooled-repeated Cox proportional hazards regression. The PCEs were was fit in this sample with continuous predictors on their natural scale (ie, not logarithmically transformed) as well as polynomials accounting for nonlinearity and then cumulatively adjusted for former smoking, pack-years, and years since quitting. Models were compared via change in C statistic, continuous net reclassification improvement (NRI[>0]), and relative integrated discrimination improvement (rIDI). Including former smoking status, pack-years, and years since quitting had significant but modest NRI(>0) and rIDI values compared with the PCE with continuous variables on their natural scale in both sexes (men: NRI[>0] = 0.23; rIDI = 0.19; women: NRI[>0] = 0.34, rIDI = 0.11; change in C statistic = 0.01 for both). Former smoking, pack-years, and years since quitting significantly improved ASCVD risk prediction in this sample. The Framingham Heart Study offspring cohort is largely composed of non-Hispanic White participants of European ancestry. If results are validated in cohorts of race and ethnicity groups other than White, these variables could be considered for inclusion in future ASCVD risk prediction models.",JAMA cardiology,2022,Meredith S Duncan; Robert A Greevy; Hilary A Tindle; Ramachandran S Vasan; Loren Lipworth; Melinda C Aldrich; Donald M Lloyd-Jones; Matthew S Freiberg,10.1001/jamacardio.2021.4990,"Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",smoking,False,Meredith S Duncan et al. (2022). Inclusion of Smoking Data in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Estimation. JAMA cardiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34878493/
35282649,Utilization of Risk Scores for Coronary Heart Disease Diagnosis in Rural China.,"The current study was to design a cardiovascular risk score for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD) in the rural area of China and the sensitivity and specificity of this score would be assessed. A total of 520 patients were enrolled and based on the results from coronary artery angiography, patients were divided into three groups: CHD group (coronary artery ≥50% stenosis), atherosclerosis group (coronary artery <50% stenosis) and normal groups (without stenosis). Between-group differences were evaluated and the sensitivity and specificity of cardiovascular risk score were evaluated. Compared to the normal and atherosclerosis groups, patients in the CHD group were older, had higher body mass index, and more likely to be smoking and obese, and had dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes, and had higher cardiovascular risk score (4.05 ± 2.15 vs 2.94 ± 1.90 vs 2.54 ± 1.59). Patients in the CHD group were more likely to have cardiovascular risk scores ≥2 (90.2% CHD group vs 74.2% atherosclerosis group vs 76.1% normal group, P < 0.05). The area under the ROC was 0.673, with 95% confidence interval was 0.623-0.722 (P < 0.001), and the sensitivity and specificity were highest when the cardiovascular risk score was 4, indicating that the value of cardiovascular risk score of 4 was a good cutoff point for CHD diagnosis. Using cardiovascular risk score can improve CHD diagnosis which may help to reduce health disparities between rural and urban area.",International journal of general medicine,2022,Huocheng Liao; Qiuyue Chen; Lin Liu; Sigan Zhong; Chun Xiao,10.2147/IJGM.S355573,Journal Article,bmi; smoking,False,Huocheng Liao et al. (2022). Utilization of Risk Scores for Coronary Heart Disease Diagnosis in Rural China. International journal of general medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35282649/
34315174,Potential for optimizing management of obesity in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease.,"Prevention guidelines have identified the management of obese patients as an important priority to reduce the burden of incident and recurrent cardiovascular disease. Still, studies have demonstrated that over 80% of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) fail to achieve their weight target. Here, we describe advice received and actions reported by overweight CHD patients since being discharged from hospital and how weight changes relate to their risk profile. Based on data from 10 507 CHD patients participating in the EUROASPIRE IV and V studies, we analysed weight changes from hospital admission to the time of a study visit ≥6 and <24 months later. At hospitalization, 34.9% were obese and another 46.0% were overweight. Obesity was more frequent in women and associated with more comorbidities. By the time of the study visit, 19.5% of obese patients had lost ≥5% of weight. However, in 16.4% weight had increased ≥5%. Weight gain in those overweight was associated with physical inactivity, non-adherence to dietary recommendations, smoking cessation, raised blood pressure, dyslipidaemia, dysglycaemia, and lower levels of quality of life. Less than half of obese patients was considering weight loss in the coming month. The management of obesity remains a challenge in the secondary prevention of CHD despite a beneficial effect of weight loss on risk factor prevalences and quality of life. Cardiac rehabilitation programmes should include weight loss interventions as a specific component and the incremental value of telehealth intervention as well as recently described pharmacological interventions need full consideration.",European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes,2022,Dirk De Bacquer; Catriona S Jennings; Erkin Mirrakhimov; Dragan Lovic; Jan Bruthans; Delphine De Smedt; Nina Gotcheva; Maria Dolzhenko; Zlatko Fras; Nana Pogosova; Seppo Lehto; Hasan Hasan-Ali; Piotr Jankowski; Kornelia Kotseva; Guy De Backer; David Wood; Lars Rydén,10.1093/ehjqcco/qcab043,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",smoking,False,Dirk De Bacquer et al. (2022). Potential for optimizing management of obesity in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34315174/
35572349,Missense Variant rs28362680 in ,"The pathological basis of coronary heart disease (CHD) is atherosclerosis. We recruited 1419 participants to perform an association analysis between missense variants in The results showed that Missense variants (rs35624343, rs117896888, rs41441651, rs41417449, rs28362680, rs2076523) may be protective factors for the CHD risk. In particular, there were sufficient evidences that BTNL2-rs28362680 can protective CHD risk.",Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine,2022,Jian Zhuo; Yingchun Wu; Wei Li; Zerong Li; Yipeng Ding; Tianbo Jin,10.2147/PGPM.S353085,Journal Article,smoking,False,Jian Zhuo et al. (2022). Missense Variant rs28362680 in  Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35572349/
34935325,Secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in Poland: does sex matter? Results from the POLASPIRE survey.,"Adherence to health‑promoting behaviors intended to mitigate modifiable risk factors plays an important role in secondary cardiovascular prevention. We aimed to evaluate sex differences in the prevalence and control of risk factors in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The study included 1236 patients who experienced acute coronary syndrome or coronary revascularization within the last 6 to 24 months. Definitions of risk factors and treatment goals were based on the 2016 European Society of Cardiology guidelines on cardiovascular prevention. The prevalence of modifiable risk factors in both sexes was high, and their control inadequate. Women were older (P <0.001) and had a higher accumulation of multiple cardiovascular risk factors than men (P = 0.036). They more frequently had central obesity (P <0.001) and reduced values of glomerular filtration rate (P <0.001). Women more often experienced anxiety (P <0.001), reported lower levels of education (P <0.001) and lower income (P = 0.001), and those in the youngest age group were more likely to be exposed to second‑hand smoking (P = 0.01). A large fraction of the study patients, men and women alike, did not meet the recommended therapeutic goals. For both sexes, participation in cardiac rehabilitation programs was associated with more frequent attainment of the recommended level of physical activity (P = 0.046) and smoking cessation (P = 0.01). The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with CHD is high, especially in women. Therapeutic goals are met infrequently in both sexes. This situation calls for widening the access to educational programs and paying greater attention to their proper implementation.",Polish archives of internal medicine,2022,Małgorzata Setny; Piotr Jankowski; Karol Kamiński; Zbigniew Gąsior; Maciej Haberka; Danuta Czarnecka; Andrzej Pająk; Paweł Kozieł; Karolina Szóstak-Janiak; Emilia Sawicka; Zofia Stachurska; Dariusz A Kosior,10.20452/pamw.16179,Journal Article,smoking,False,Małgorzata Setny et al. (2022). Secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in Poland: does sex matter? Results from the POLASPIRE survey. Polish archives of internal medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34935325/
34293121,Poor adherence to lifestyle recommendations in patients with coronary heart disease: results from the EUROASPIRE surveys.,"Despite the high use of cardioprotective medications, the risk factor control in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) is still inadequate. Guidelines identify healthy lifestyles as equally important in secondary prevention as pharmacotherapy. Here, we describe reasons for poor lifestyle adherence from the patient's perspective. In the EUROASPIRE IV and V surveys, 16 259 CHD patients were examined and interviewed during a study visit ≥6 months after hospital discharge. Data gathering was fully standardized. The Brief Illness Perception questionnaire was completed by a subsample of 2379 patients. Half of those who were smoking prior to hospital admission, were still smoking; 37% of current smokers had not attempted to quit and 51% was not considering to do so. The prevalence of obesity was 38%. Half of obese patients tried to lose weight in the past month and 61% considered weight loss in the following month. In relation to physical activity, 40% was on target with half of patients trying to do more everyday activities. Less than half had the intention to engage in planned exercise. Only 29% of all patients was at goal for all three lifestyle factors. The number of adverse lifestyles was strongly related to the way patients perceive their illness as threatening. Lifestyle modifications were more successful in those having participated in a cardiac rehabilitation and prevention programme. Patients indicated lack of self-confidence as the main barrier to change their unhealthy behaviour. Modern secondary prevention programmes should target behavioural change in all patients with adverse lifestyles.",European journal of preventive cardiology,2022,Dirk De Bacquer; Felicity Astin; Kornelia Kotseva; Nana Pogosova; Delphine De Smedt; Guy De Backer; Lars Rydén; David Wood; Catriona Jennings,10.1093/eurjpc/zwab115,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",smoking,False,Dirk De Bacquer et al. (2022). Poor adherence to lifestyle recommendations in patients with coronary heart disease: results from the EUROASPIRE surveys. European journal of preventive cardiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34293121/
35012406,"Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 2013-2018.","Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We aim to estimate the prevalence of CHD and cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese patients with T2DM. A total of 66,536 inpatients with diabetes treated from 2013 to 2018 were investigated, and demographic and clinical data were collected from 30,693 patients with T2DM. Age-standardized prevalence of CHD was calculated on the basis of data from the Chinese population census in 2010. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors. The crude prevalence of CHD was estimated to be 23.5% and a standardized prevalence was 13.9% (16.0% in men and 11.9% in women). More than half of patients with CHD have four or more of the five traditional risk factors, much higher than the 38.96% of patients without CHD ( The prevalence of CHD was rather high in Chinese T2DM inpatients, and the aggregation of CHD risk factors was severe. Thus, hierarchical CHD prevention strategies based on risk factors are necessary.",Current medical research and opinion,2022,ChenChen Wang; ZuoLing Xie; Xi Huang; Zheng Wang; HaiYan ShangGuan; ShaoHua Wang,10.1080/03007995.2021.2022382,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",smoking,False,"ChenChen Wang et al. (2022). Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 2013-2018. Current medical research and opinion.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35012406/
35709302,Assessing the probability of risk factor control in patients with coronary heart disease: results from the ESC-EORP EUROASPIRE V survey.,"In patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), we investigated whether it is possible to accurately assess the probability of short-term control of risk factors (blood pressure, cholesterol, smoking) based on individual and large-area residential characteristics. We merged individual data of participants from EUROASPIRE V who were hospitalized for CHD (2014-2017) and interviewed and examined for risk factor control (2016-2017), with large-area residential data provided by Eurostat for Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) regions using postal codes. Data from 2562 CHD patients in 16 countries were linked to data from 60 NUTS 2 and 121 NUTS 3 regions. The median time between hospitalization and interview was 14 months. We developed prediction models to assess the probability of risk factor control at interview using data from the time of hospitalization: (i) baseline models including 35 variables on patients' demographic, clinical, and socio-economic characteristics and (ii) extended models additionally considering nine variables on large-area residential characteristics. We calculated and internally validated c-indices to assess the discriminative ability of prediction models. Baseline models showed good discrimination with c-indices of 0.69, 0.70, and 0.76 for blood pressure control, cholesterol control, and smoking cessation, respectively. Extended models for blood pressure, cholesterol, and smoking yielded improved c-indices of 0.72, 0.71, and 0.78, respectively. Our results indicate that the probability of risk factor control in CHD patients can be accurately assessed using individual and large-area residential characteristics, allowing for an identification of patients who are less likely to achieve risk factor targets.",European journal of preventive cardiology,2022,Katharina Selda Moerschel; Dirk De Bacquer; Guy De Backer; David Wood; Kornelia Kotseva; Jürgen Wellmann; Christof Prugger,10.1093/eurjpc/zwac079,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",cholesterol; smoking,False,Katharina Selda Moerschel et al. (2022). Assessing the probability of risk factor control in patients with coronary heart disease: results from the ESC-EORP EUROASPIRE V survey. European journal of preventive cardiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35709302/
36605924,Does Cardiovascular Disease Risk Decrease after Smoking Cessation in Occupational Risk Groups?,"Smoking cessation is very important for workers due to the possibility of exposure to additional environmental risks in the workplace environment. This study was performed to determine the changes in the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) of employees before smoking cessation and after 6 months. Five hundred and sixty-two employees who want to quit smoking were included in the study. In this prospective study, the baseline and 6-month FRS, and 10-year risk of CVD of workers were calculated. Furthermore, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used for assessments of employees' anxiety and depression symptoms. After 6 months, 37% of the participants quit smoking. It was determined that 11.9% of employees have a high CVD risk and 10.6% moderate CVD risk. After 6 months, there was a statistically significant reduction in FRS who quit smoking ( The FRS and CVD risk of smoker employees were decreased 6 months after smoking cessation. In 6 months, CVD risk is reduced in almost half of those who quit smoking. Even in the short term, it is possible to reduce the CVD risk of a worker who quits smoking.",Heart views : the official journal of the Gulf Heart Association,2022,Nurgül Bozkurt; Süleyman Utku Uzun; Ali Ihsan Bozkurt; Sebahat Turgut,10.4103/heartviews.heartviews_67_22,Journal Article,smoking,False,Nurgül Bozkurt et al. (2022). Does Cardiovascular Disease Risk Decrease after Smoking Cessation in Occupational Risk Groups? Heart views : the official journal of the Gulf Heart Association.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36605924/
35468725,GLUT4 gene rs5418 polymorphism is associated with increased coronary heart disease risk in a Uygur Chinese population.,"To explore possible associations between glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) genetic polymorphisms in the patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in Han and Uygur Chinese populations in Xinjiang, China. Two GLUT4 polymorphisms (rs5418 and rs5435) were genotyped in 1262 Han (628 CHD patients and 634 healthy controls) and 896 Uyghur (397 CHD patients and 499 healthy controls) Chinese populations. In the Han Chinese population, there were no significant differences in allelic or genotypic distribution of rs5418 and rs5435 between the CHD and control groups (all P > 0.05). However, in the Uygur population, there were significant differences in genotype and allele distributions for rs5418 between CHD and the control group (all P < 0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that carriers with the rs5418 A allele had a higher risk of CHD compared to carriers of the rs5418 G allele (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.069-1.649, P = 0.01), after adjustment for gender, age, drinking and smoking behavior, hypertension and diabetes. Furthermore, haploid association analysis of the two SNP loci of the GLUT4 gene showed that the AC haplotype was associated with CHD in the Uygur population (P = 0.001598; OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.1228-1.6406). rs5418 GLUT4 gene variants are associated with CHD in the Uygur Chinese population.",BMC cardiovascular disorders,2022,Fei Yu; Fen Liu; Xiao-Mei Li; Qian Zhao; Jun-Yi Luo; Jin-Yu Zhang; Yi-Ning Yang,10.1186/s12872-022-02630-9,Journal Article,smoking,False,Fei Yu et al. (2022). GLUT4 gene rs5418 polymorphism is associated with increased coronary heart disease risk in a Uygur Chinese population. BMC cardiovascular disorders.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35468725/
36249218,The prevalence and burden of four major chronic diseases in the Shanxi Province of Northern China.,"Chronic non-communicable diseases constitute an important public health problem that is closely related to behavioral risk factors. The study examined the prevalence, burden, and behavioral risk factors relevant to four major chronic diseases in Shanxi Province, China. The results obtained could provide a basis for the formulation of chronic disease prevention and control strategies in north China. A multi-stage random sampling method was used to select 14,137 residents aged ≥15 years who completed a questionnaire survey and physical examination. The disease burden was evaluated using the disability-adjusted life years (DALY) index. The extent of disease burden attributable to smoking and drinking behavior was analyzed using counterfactual analysis. The total DALYs due to the four major chronic diseases was 938,100. The years of life lost due to stroke accounted for 74.86%; the years of life lived with disabilities accounted for 54.0 and 68.1% of the total disease burden of coronary heart disease and diabetes. Coronary heart disease attributed to smoking (105,600) was the highest, followed by stroke (77,200), hypertension (6,000), and diabetes mellitus (5,900). Stroke attributed to drinking (30,700) was the highest followed by coronary heart disease (16,700) and diabetes (1,100). The disease burden caused by smoking and drinking was higher in men (164,000 and 40,700, respectively) than in women (30,700 and 7,300, respectively). There is a high prevalence and significant burden associated with major chronic diseases in Shanxi Province. Therefore, the need for the application of various interventions to control smoking and drinking (the major predisposing factors) should be applied to reduce this burden.",Frontiers in public health,2022,Lu He; Yuanyuan La; Yan Yan; Yuxiao Wang; Xi Cao; Yutong Cai; Sitian Li; Mengxia Qin; Qilong Feng,10.3389/fpubh.2022.985192,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",smoking,False,Lu He et al. (2022). The prevalence and burden of four major chronic diseases in the Shanxi Province of Northern China. Frontiers in public health.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36249218/
35659300,Correlation between the triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and other unconventional lipid parameters with the risk of prediabetes and Type 2 diabetes in patients with coronary heart disease: a RCSCD-TCM study in China.,"Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is often accompanied by undiagnosed dyslipidemia. Research on the association of unconventional lipid markers with prediabetes (pre-DM) and T2DM simultaneously is limited in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. This study included 28,476 patients diagnosed with CHD. Their lipid levels, including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), were measured, and non-traditional lipid parameters were calculated. The patients were divided into three groups based on the diabetic status including normoglycemic (NG), pre-DM, and T2DM. Multiple logistic regression was used to compare the association of TG/HDL-C and other non-traditional lipid parameters with pre-DM and T2DM. The tertiles of TG/HDL-C included T1 (TG/HDL-C 1.89). Low and high TG/HDL-C was defined with sex-specific cutoff points. Multiple logistic regression results showed that the non-traditional lipid parameters, including non-HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, non-HDL-C/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C, were all correlated with the risk of pre-DM and T2DM. Meanwhile TG/HDL-C showed the strongest correlation (odds ratio [OR]: 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-1.23), (OR: 1.36; 95% CI 1.33-1.39). When dividing TG/HDL-C into tertiles, using T1 as a reference, T3 was observed to have the highest association with both pre-DM and T2DM (OR: 1.60; 95% CI 1.48-1.74), (OR: 2.79; 95% CI 2.60-3.00). High TG/HDL-C was significantly associated with pre-DM and T2DM (OR: 1.69; 95% CI 1.52-1.88), (OR: 2.85; 95% CI 2.60-3.12). The association of TG/HDL-C with T2DM and pre-DM existed across different sex, age, smoking, and drinking statuses. Elevated non-traditional lipid parameters were significantly associated with pre-DM and T2DM in CHD patients, especially TG/HDL-C. High TG/HDL-C was the risk factor with a strong correlation with the risk of pre-DM and T2DM.",Cardiovascular diabetology,2022,Tong Yang; Yijia Liu; Lin Li; Yanchao Zheng; Yang Wang; Jinyu Su; Rongrong Yang; Mingchi Luo; Chunquan Yu,10.1186/s12933-022-01531-7,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",cholesterol,False,Tong Yang et al. (2022). Correlation between the triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and other unconventional lipid parameters with the risk of prediabetes and Type 2 diabetes in patients with coronary heart disease: a RCSCD-TCM study in China. Cardiovascular diabetology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35659300/
35743794,Role of ,Cholesterol homeostasis plays a significant role in cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have indicated that ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (,Journal of personalized medicine,2022,Jing Wang; Qianqian Xiao; Luyun Wang; Yan Wang; Daowen Wang; Hu Ding,10.3390/jpm12061010,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,Jing Wang et al. (2022). Role of  Journal of personalized medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35743794/
35121343,"LCAT- targeted therapies: Progress, failures and future.","Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) is the only enzyme in plasma which is able to esterify cholesterol and boost cholesterol esterify with phospholipid-derived acyl chains. In order to better understand the progress of LCAT research, it is always inescapable that it is linked to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Because LCAT plays a central role in HDL metabolism and RCT, many animal studies and clinical studies are currently aimed at improving plasma lipid metabolism by increasing LCAT activity in order to find better treatment options for familial LCAT deficiency (FLD), fish eye disease (FED), and cardiovascular disease. Recombinant human LCAT (rhLCAT) injections, cells and gene therapy, and small molecule activators have been carried out with promising results. Recently rhLCAT therapies have entered clinical phase II trials with good prospects. In this review, we discuss the diseases associated with LCAT and therapies that use LCAT as a target hoping to find out whether LCAT can be an effective therapeutic target for coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. Also, probing the mechanism of action of LCAT may help better understand the heterogeneity of HDL and the action mechanism of dynamic lipoprotein particles.",Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie,2022,Kaixu Yang; Junmin Wang; Hongjiao Xiang; Peilun Ding; Tao Wu; Guang Ji,10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112677,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,"Kaixu Yang et al. (2022). LCAT- targeted therapies: Progress, failures and future. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35121343/
34907968,Dietary fat and carbohydrate affect the metabolism of protein-based high-density lipoprotein subspecies.,"Dietary fat compared to carbohydrate increases the plasma concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. However, neither the mechanism nor its connection to cardiovascular disease is known. Protein-based subspecies of HDL, especially those containing apolipoprotein E (apoE) or apolipoprotein C3 (apoC3), offer a glimpse of a vast metabolic system related to atherogenicity, coronary heart disease (CHD) and other diseases. ApoE stimulates several processes that define reverse cholesterol transport through HDL, specifically secretion of active HDL subspecies, cholesterol efflux to HDL from macrophages involved in atherogenesis, size enlargement of HDL with cholesterol ester, and rapid clearance from the circulation. Dietary unsaturated fat stimulates the flux of HDL that contains apoE through these protective pathways. Effective reverse cholesterol transport may lessen atherogenesis and prevent disease. In contrast, apoC3 abrogates the benefit of apoE on reverse cholesterol transport, which may account for the association of HDL that contains apoC3 with dyslipidemia, obesity and CHD. Dietary unsaturated fat and carbohydrate affect the metabolism of protein-defined HDL subspecies containing apoE or apoC3 accelerating or retarding reverse cholesterol transport, thus demonstrating new mechanisms that may link diet to HDL and to CHD.",Current opinion in lipidology,2022,Frank M Sacks; Allison B Andraski,10.1097/MOL.0000000000000809,"Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Review",cholesterol,False,Frank M Sacks et al. (2022). Dietary fat and carbohydrate affect the metabolism of protein-based high-density lipoprotein subspecies. Current opinion in lipidology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34907968/
35087605,Apolipoprotein A1-Related Proteins and Reverse Cholesterol Transport in Antiatherosclerosis Therapy: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives.,"Hyperlipidemia characterized by abnormal deposition of cholesterol in arteries can cause atherosclerosis and coronary artery occlusion, leading to atherosclerotic coronary heart disease. The body prevents atherosclerosis by reverse cholesterol transport to mobilize and excrete cholesterol and other lipids. Apolipoprotein A1, the major component of high-density lipoprotein, plays a key role in reverse cholesterol transport. Here, we reviewed the role of apolipoprotein A1-targeting molecules in antiatherosclerosis therapy, in particular ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, and scavenger receptor class B type 1.",Cardiovascular therapeutics,2022,Xiuting Xu; Zikai Song; Bao Mao; Guoliang Xu,10.1155/2022/4610834,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,Xiuting Xu et al. (2022). Apolipoprotein A1-Related Proteins and Reverse Cholesterol Transport in Antiatherosclerosis Therapy: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives. Cardiovascular therapeutics.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35087605/
36359388,Rapid Drop in Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in Czech Male Population-What Was Actually behind It?,"The high mortality of coronary heart disease (CHD) among Czech men-one of the highest worldwide-began to decline in 1991 soon after the abolition of government subsidies to all foodstuffs rich in animal fat. As participants in the WHO MONICA Project, we were able to analyze the CHD risk factors just before and after this major economic change. We had previously documented that the originally subsidized prices decreased animal fat consumption and consequently non-HDL cholesterol concentrations in the population. By the early 1990s, no progress had been made in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction, statins were unavailable as was not the currently more effective antihypertensive therapy. Our recent research proved a close relationship between cholesterolemia and proinflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue and accelerated macrophage polarization with increased palmitate and palmitoleate contents in cell membrane phospholipids. By contrast, the proportion of proinflammatory macrophages decreases with increasing presence of n-3 fatty acids in the cell membrane. The combination of non-HDL cholesterol drop and a decreased proportion of proinflammatory macrophages due to replacement of alimentary fat decreased CHD mortality immediately.",Biomedicines,2022,Rudolf Poledne; Anna Kralova; Hana Bartuskova; Karel Paukner; Sona Kauerova; Jiri Fronek; Vera Lanska; Ivana Kralova Lesna,10.3390/biomedicines10112871,Journal Article,cholesterol,False,Rudolf Poledne et al. (2022). Rapid Drop in Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in Czech Male Population-What Was Actually behind It? Biomedicines.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36359388/
35061046,Medication adherence among persons with coronary heart disease and associations with blood pressure and low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol.,"To describe medication adherence to lipid-lowering drugs (LLDs), antihypertensive drugs, and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) among persons with coronary heart disease (CHD) and explore its association with low-density-lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Based on record linkage between the seventh wave of the Tromsø Study and the Norwegian Prescription Database, medication adherence was calculated as the proportion of days covered (PDC) for persistent prevalent users in the period of 365 days before the attendance date. Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess the association between systolic and diastolic blood pressure and medication nonadherence to antihypertensive drugs, age, sex, lifestyle, body mass index (BMI), current and previous diabetes, and between LDL-cholesterol and medication nonadherence to LLDs, age, sex, lifestyle, BMI, and current and previous diabetes. Mean PDC was 0.94 for LLDs and antihypertensive drugs and 0.97 for ASA. Among persons with PDC ≥ 0.80 for LLDs, 12.0% had an LDL-cholesterol < 1.8 mmol/L. Blood pressure < 140/90 mmHg (< 140/80 mmHg if diabetes patient) was reached by 55.1% of those with a PDC ≥ 0.80 for antihypertensive drugs. Adherence to LLDs was associated with lower LDL-cholesterol, while neither systolic nor diastolic blood pressure was associated with adherence to antihypertensive drugs. Adherence to antihypertensive drugs, LLDs, and ASA among persons with CHD were high despite low achievement of treatment goals for blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol. There was a statistically significant association between adherence to LLDs and LDL-cholesterol, but not between adherence to antihypertensive drugs and blood pressure.",European journal of clinical pharmacology,2022,Elisabeth Pedersen; Raul Primicerio; Kjell H Halvorsen; Anne Elise Eggen; Beate Hennie Garcia; Henrik Schirmer; Marit Waaseth,10.1007/s00228-022-03276-4,Journal Article,cholesterol,False,Elisabeth Pedersen et al. (2022). Medication adherence among persons with coronary heart disease and associations with blood pressure and low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol. European journal of clinical pharmacology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35061046/
35052806,HDL Is Not Dead Yet.,"High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are inversely correlated with coronary heart disease (CHD) in multiple epidemiological studies, but whether HDL is causal or merely associated with CHD is unclear. Recent trials for HDL-raising drugs were either not effective in reducing CHD events or, if beneficial in reducing CHD events, were not conclusive as the findings could be attributed to the drugs' LDL-reducing activity. Furthermore, the first large Mendelian randomization study did not causally relate HDL-C levels to decreased CHD. Thus, the hypothesis that HDL is protective against CHD has been rightfully challenged. However, subsequent Mendelian randomization studies found HDL characteristics that are causally related to decreased CHD. Many aspects of HDL structure and function, especially in reverse cholesterol transport, may be better indicators of HDL's protective activity than simply measuring HDL-C. Cholesterol efflux capacity is associated with lower levels of prevalent and incident CHD, even after adjustment for HDL-C and apolipoprotein A-1 levels. Also, subjects with very high levels of HDL-C, including those with rare mutations that disrupt hepatic HDL uptake and reverse cholesterol transport, may be at higher risk for CHD than those with moderate levels. We describe here several cell-based and cell-free in vitro assays of HDL structure and function that may be used in clinical studies to determine which of HDL's functions are best associated with protection against CHD. We conclude that the HDL hypothesis may need revision based on studies of HDL structure and function, but that the HDL hypothesis is not dead yet.",Biomedicines,2022,Shuhui Wang Lorkowski; Jonathan D Smith,10.3390/biomedicines10010128,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,Shuhui Wang Lorkowski et al. (2022). HDL Is Not Dead Yet. Biomedicines.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35052806/
35664946,Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Honghua Injection in the Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease Angina Pectoris.,"To evaluate the effectiveness of honghua injection combined with western medicine in the treatment of coronary heart disease angina pectoris. Computer extensively searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, China Biomedical Archives (SinoMed), China Knowledge Network (CNKI), Chinese Journal Full-text Database (VIP), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform (Wanfang), and collected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of honghua injection combined with western medicine in the treatment of coronary heart disease angina pectoris. Use Review Manager5.3 software for meta-analysis. 21 RCTs were included, involving 1894 participants. Meta-analysis shows that honghua injection combined with western medicine can significantly improve the clinical efficacy (OR = 4.03, 95% CI[2.96,5.49]), electrocardiographic efficacy (OR = 3.39, 95%CI[2.44, 4.70]), can significantly reduce total cholesterol (TC) levels (MD = -0.39, 95% CI[-0.47, -0.31]), triacylglycerol (TG) levels (MD = -0.45, 95% CI[-0.51, -0.39]), increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (MD = 0.29,95%CI[0.26,0.32]), reduce low-density lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (MD = -0.59, 95%CI[-0.79, -0.38]). Five articles reported adverse reactions. Honghua injection combined with western medicine is more effective than western medicine alone in patients with coronary heart disease angina pectoris. More multicenter, large sample, high-quality RCTs are needed to provide evidence.",Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM,2022,Jiani Zhai; Zhaochen Ji; Xinyao Jin; Xuechen Du; Lujia Cao; Wenke Zheng,10.1155/2022/4537043,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,Jiani Zhai et al. (2022). Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Honghua Injection in the Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease Angina Pectoris. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35664946/
35049039,"Lipid profile, lipid ratios, apolipoproteins, and risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in men: The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study.","The blood level of lipids, apolipoproteins, and lipid ratios are important predictors of some chronic diseases. However, their association with cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) is less known. We evaluated a wide range of lipid profiles and lipid ratios, including low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), very-low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and apoA1 and B, as well triglyceride and total cholesterol with risk of incident CMM. In 1728 men aged 52.5 ± 5.2 years from the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease were included in this study. We defined CMM as coexisting of two or more of stroke, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), coronary heart disease (CHD). A Cox proportional hazard regression method was applied to evaluate the risk of CMM against the exposures. During the mean follow-up of 22.4 years, 335 men suffered from CMM conditions. Higher serum triglyceride and VLDL concentrations were associated with a higher risk of coexisting T2D-CHD (HRs 1.99 (95% CI, 1.12-3.53) and HRs 1.79 (95% CI, 1.04-3.11), respectively. Whereas higher HDL was associated with lower incident [HRs 0.49 (95% CI, 0.40-1.00)]. The HRs for coexisting T2D-CHD was 2.02 (95% CI, 1.01-3.07) for total cholesterol/HDL-C, 1.85 (95% CI, 1.04-3.29) for triglyceride/HDL-C, 1.69 (95% CI, 1.01-2.31) for Non-HDL-C/HDL-C, and 1.89 (95% CI, 1.03-2.46) for apoB/apoA1. In contrast, serum LDL-C/apoB ratios were inversely associated with the risk of coexisting T2D-CHD [HRs 0.50 (95% CI, 0.28-0.90)]. No associations were observed between our exposures and other CMM conditions. In conclusion, elevated triglyceride, VLDL-C, total cholesterol/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, apoB/apoA1 as well as lower LDL-C/apoB were independently associated with the higher risk of T2D-CHD coexistence.",Lipids,2022,Behnam Tajik; Ari Voutilainen; Jussi Kauhanen; Moshen Mazidi; Gregory Y H Lip; Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen; Masoud Isanejad,10.1002/lipd.12337,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",cholesterol,False,"Behnam Tajik et al. (2022). Lipid profile, lipid ratios, apolipoproteins, and risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in men: The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Lipids.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35049039/
35359181,Evaluation of the apolipoprotein E (apoE)-HDL-associated risk factors for coronary heart disease using duo-functional electrochemical aptasensor.,"Apolipoprotein E containing high-density lipoprotein (apoE-HDL) and apoE-HDL cholesterol (apoE-HDL-C) are recently recognized as potential biomarkers for coronary heart disease (CHD). We herein developed a two-stage, enzyme-assisted, dual-signal aptasensor that enables a useful electrochemical sensing platform for simultaneous determination of apoE-HDL, apoE-HDL-C, and total HDL-C presented in the sample. The detection scheme consists of two subsystems. In subsystem (I), the level of apoE-HDL is evaluated upon the binding of apoE-specific aptamer and subsequently methylene blue (MB)-labeled DNA displacement occurs on the electrode surface, resulting in electrochemical reduction of methylene blue. In subsystem (II), two kinds of cholesterol levels (apoE-HDL-C and total HDL-C) can be measured. For apoE-HDL-C, the amount of cholesterol in apoE-HDL captured by the aptamer in the first step can be further determined with the aid of surfactant, cholesterol esterase, cholesterol oxidase, and p-aminophenol-mediated electrochemical signal amplification. As for total HDL-C, the amount of cholesterol is determined by the same approach as that used for apoE-HDL-C determination, but without washing (separation). The linear dynamic range for apoE-HDL determination is from 1 to 100 mg/dL (R",Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry,2022,Ching-Ying Tsai; Deng-Ying Huang; Ja-An Annie Ho; Li-Chen Wu,10.1007/s00216-022-04008-4,Journal Article,cholesterol,False,Ching-Ying Tsai et al. (2022). Evaluation of the apolipoprotein E (apoE)-HDL-associated risk factors for coronary heart disease using duo-functional electrochemical aptasensor. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35359181/
34690044,Arterial hypertension - Clinical trials update 2021.,"This review aims to summarize and discuss some of the most relevant clinical trials in epidemiology, diagnostics, and treatment of hypertension published in 2020 and 2021. The trials included in this review are related to hypertension onset age and risk for future cardiovascular disease, reliability of different blood pressure monitoring methods, role of exercise-induced hypertension, treatment of hypertension in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, management of hypertension high-risk patient groups, e.g., in the elderly (≥80 years) and patients with atrial fibrillation, and the interplay between nutrition and hypertension, as well as recent insights into renal denervation for treatment of hypertension. Hypertension onset age, nighttime blood pressure levels and a riser pattern are relevant for the prognosis of future cardiovascular diseases. The risk of coronary heart disease appears to increase linearly with increasing exercise systolic blood pressure. Renin-angiotensin system blockers are not associated with an increased risk for a severe course of COVID-19. In elderly patients, a risk-benefit assessment of intensified blood pressure control should be individually evaluated. A J-shaped association between cardiovascular disease and achieved blood pressure could also be demonstrated in patients with atrial fibrillation on anticoagulation. Salt restriction and lifestyle modification remain effective options in treating hypertensive patients at low cardiovascular risk. Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists show BP-lowering effects. Renal denervation should be considered as an additional or alternative treatment option in selected patients with uncontrolled hypertension.","Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD",2022,Hussam Al Ghorani; Felix Götzinger; Michael Böhm; Felix Mahfoud,10.1016/j.numecd.2021.09.007,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review",hypertension,False,"Hussam Al Ghorani et al. (2022). Arterial hypertension - Clinical trials update 2021. Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34690044/
34384881,Coffee and tea on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention.,"Coffee and tea are amongst the most consumed beverages worldwide, and are the main source of caffeine in adults. In this review we present findings on the effects of habitual coffee and tea consumption on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Mild-moderate coffee/ caffeine consumption, at 2-3 cups/day, is associated with beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome, including hypertension and diabetes mellitus, although may elevate lipid levels. Furthermore, coffee consumption reduces the risk of coronary heart disease, heart failure, arrhythmia, stroke, CVD and all cause mortality. Higher tea consumption, in particular green tea, confers similar cardiovascular benefits to coffee with 3 cups/day associated with improved survival in population based studies.",Trends in cardiovascular medicine,2022,David Chieng; Peter M Kistler,10.1016/j.tcm.2021.08.004,"Journal Article; Review; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",diabetes; hypertension,False,David Chieng et al. (2022). Coffee and tea on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Trends in cardiovascular medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34384881/
35222797,Endothelial MicroRNA-483-3p Is Hypertension-Protective.,"Hypertension is a high-risk factor for developing coronary heart disease and stroke. Endothelial dysfunction and arterial remodeling can lead to increased vascular wall thickness and arterial stiffness. Previous studies showed that microRNA-483 (miR-483) enhances endothelial cell (EC) function. Here, we investigated the protective role of miR-483 in hypertension. Data collected from two patient cohorts showed that the serum miR-483-3p level was associated with the progression of hypertension and positively correlated with vascular function. In cultured ECs, miR-483 targets a number of endothelial dysfunction-related genes, such as transforming growth factor-",Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity,2022,Fenqing Shang; Xuan Guo; Yueer Chen; Chen Wang; Jie Gao; Ergang Wen; Baochang Lai; Liang Bai,10.1155/2022/3698219,Journal Article,hypertension,False,Fenqing Shang et al. (2022). Endothelial MicroRNA-483-3p Is Hypertension-Protective. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35222797/
35659028,Sleep Deficiency and Cardiometabolic Disease.,"Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that short sleep duration is associated with an increased risk of cardio-metabolic health outcomes including cardiovascular disease mortality, coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. Experimental sleep restriction studies have sought to explain these findings. This review describes the main evidence of these associations and possible mechanisms explaining them. Whether sleep extension reverses these now widely acknowledged adverse health effects and the feasibility of implementing such strategies on a public health level is discussed.",Clinics in chest medicine,2022,Roo Killick; Lachlan Stranks; Camilla M Hoyos,10.1016/j.ccm.2022.02.011,"Journal Article; Review; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",hypertension,False,Roo Killick et al. (2022). Sleep Deficiency and Cardiometabolic Disease. Clinics in chest medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35659028/
35624391,Can We Mitigate Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Patients with Cancer?,"The review focuses on the shared risk factors observed between coronary heart disease and cancer, cancer therapeutics causing coronary heart disease, and potential strategies to mitigate atherosclerosis in patients with cancer. The pathophysiology behind how traditional cardiovascular risk factors also contribute to cancer development and mortality is increasingly recognized. In addition, newer cancer therapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, cause increased inflammation leading to increased cardiovascular events. Traditional coronary heart disease risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia also contribute to cancer development and worse cancer outcomes. Cancer therapeutics can also lead to atherosclerotic events in addition to the shared risk factors present at the time of cancer diagnosis. Understanding the pathophysiology, using multidisciplinary care teams, and developing machine learning algorithms for individualized patient care will help to mitigate the risk of coronary heart disease in patients with cancer.",Current atherosclerosis reports,2022,Hasitha Manohar; Adam S Potter; Efstratios Koutroumpakis; Anita Deswal; Nicolas L Palaskas,10.1007/s11883-022-01035-5,"Journal Article; Review; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural",hypertension,False,Hasitha Manohar et al. (2022). Can We Mitigate Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Patients with Cancer? Current atherosclerosis reports.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35624391/
35886017,Leukocyte Telomere Length as a Molecular Biomarker of Coronary Heart Disease.,"This work is a review of preclinical and clinical studies of the role of telomeres and telomerase in the development and progression of coronary heart disease (CHD). A search for full-text publications (articles, reviews, meta-analyses, Cochrane reviews, and clinical cases) in English and Russian was carried out in the databases PubMed, Oxford University Press, Scopus, Web of Science, Springer, and E-library electronic library using keywords and their combinations. The search depth is 11 years (2010-2021). The review suggests that the relative leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with the development of socially significant and widespread cardiovascular diseases such as CHD and essential hypertension. At the same time, the interests of researchers are mainly focused on the study of the relative LTL in CHD. Despite the scientific and clinical significance of the analyzed studies of the relative length of human LTL as a biological marker of cardiovascular diseases, their implementation in real clinical practice is difficult due to differences in the design and methodology of the analyzed studies, as well as differences in the samples by gender, age, race, and ethnicity. The authors believe that clinical studies of the role of the relative length of leukocyte telomeres in adult patients with coronary heart disease are the most promising and require large multicenter studies with a unified design and methodology.",Genes,2022,Olga V Zimnitskaya; Marina M Petrova; Natalia V Lareva; Marina S Cherniaeva; Mustafa Al-Zamil; Anastasia E Ivanova; Natalia A Shnayder,10.3390/genes13071234,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Olga V Zimnitskaya et al. (2022). Leukocyte Telomere Length as a Molecular Biomarker of Coronary Heart Disease. Genes.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35886017/
36611548,Public Awareness of the Association between Periodontal Disease and Systemic Disease.,"Periodontal disease is associated with other non-communicable diseases including diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis, hypertension, and respiratory tract infections. This association merits careful study of the general population's awareness level in order to leverage the current state of science to improve general health and quality of life. This study included 502 residents of Saudi Arabia who received computer-assisted interviews to fill up the survey. Results indicated a low level of awareness among the study population regarding the association of periodontal disease to diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis, hypertension, and respiratory tract infections. A higher level of awareness was noticed with individuals with periodontal disease, themselves or a member of their family having a systemic disease, and who have a specialized person or scientific article as their source of information. This observed low level of awareness deserves the attention of public health authorities to prioritize programs that increase the awareness, improve health, and reduce burden of systemic diseases of high prevalence, morbidity, and mortality.","Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)",2022,Fahd Alsalleeh; Abdulmalik S Alhadlaq; Nora A Althumiri; Norah AlMousa; Nasser F BinDhim,10.3390/healthcare11010088,Journal Article,diabetes; hypertension,False,"Fahd Alsalleeh et al. (2022). Public Awareness of the Association between Periodontal Disease and Systemic Disease. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland).",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36611548/
33963270,Persistence of uncontrolled hypertension post-cardiac rehabilitation in stable coronary patients.,"In stable coronary heart disease, uncontrolled risk factors are strongly associated with incident myocardial infarction. We analysed the management of hypertension in 746 stable coronary patients recruited between 2005 and 2015 in a single-centre prospective study. Risk factors and pharmacological treatments were documented prior to and immediately after cardiac rehabilitation, and 1 year later. One year post-cardiac rehabilitation, all cardiovascular risk factors were significantly better controlled with the notable exception of hypertension: blood pressure (BP) 65 years: +6.2 mmHg; diabetes mellitus: +7.6 mmHg. Only 48% hypertensive patients were on guideline-recommended antihypertensive polytherapy. Although 28% were still hypertensive post-cardiac rehabilitation, and hypertension remained uncontrolled in 70% 1 year later, 61% antihypertensive prescriptions were not adjusted post-cardiac rehabilitation. One year post-cardiac rehabilitation, hypertension was the only cardiovascular risk factor that had not improved. This can be attributed to three main reasons, all associated with BP elevations: precipitous reduction in betablockade, physicians' inertia when faced with uncontrolled hypertension and lack of adherence to international guidelines.",Journal of human hypertension,2022,Thierry Denolle; Claude Pellen; Anne Laure Serandour; Stéphanie Lebreton; Florence Revault d'Allonnes,10.1038/s41371-021-00544-1,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",hypertension,False,Thierry Denolle et al. (2022). Persistence of uncontrolled hypertension post-cardiac rehabilitation in stable coronary patients. Journal of human hypertension.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33963270/
35369353,The Effect of Blood Pressure Variability on Coronary Atherosclerosis Plaques.,"Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). The regulation of blood pressure plays a significant role in the development and prognosis of CHD. Blood pressure variability (BPV) refers to the degree of fluctuation of blood pressure over a period of time and is an important indicator of blood pressure stability. Blood pressure fluctuations are complex physiological phenomena, being affected by physiological and pharmacological effects and regulated by behavioral, environmental, hydrodynamic, and neural factors. According to the different time periods for measuring BPV, it can be divided into very short-term, short-term, mid-term, and long-term. Multiple cardiovascular disease animal models and clinical experiments have consistently indicated that abnormal BPV is closely related to coronary events and is a risk factor for CHD independently of average blood pressure. Thrombosis secondary to plaque rupture (PR) or plaque erosion can cause varying blood flow impairment, which is the main pathological basis of CHD. Plaque morphology and composition can influence the clinical outcome, treatment, and prognosis of patients with CHD. Research has shown that PR is more easily induced by hypertension. After adjusting for the traditional factors associated with plaque development, in recent years, some new discoveries have been made on the influence of abnormal BPV on the morphology and composition of coronary plaques and related mechanisms, including inflammation and hemodynamics. This article reviews the impact of BPV on coronary plaques and their related mechanisms, with a view to prevent the occurrence and development of CHD by controlling BPV and to provide new prevention and treatment strategies for the clinical treatment of abnormal blood pressure.",Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine,2022,Yue Liu; Xing Luo; Haibo Jia; Bo Yu,10.3389/fcvm.2022.803810,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Yue Liu et al. (2022). The Effect of Blood Pressure Variability on Coronary Atherosclerosis Plaques. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35369353/
35831903,Genetic variants in CYP11B1 influence the susceptibility to coronary heart disease.,"Genetic factors are important risk factors to develop coronary heart disease (CHD). In this study, we mainly explored whether CYP11B1 mutations influence CHD risk among Chinese Han population. Six variants were genotyped using Agena MassARRAY system from 509 CHD patients and 509 healthy controls. The correlations between CYP11B1 mutations and CHD risk were assessed using odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) by logistic regression. The haplotype analysis and were ultifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) were conducted. In the overall analysis, CYP11B1 polymorphisms were not correlated with CHD susceptibility. In the stratified analysis, we found that rs5283, rs6410, and rs4534 are significantly associated with susceptibility to CHD dependent on age and gender (p < 0.05). Moreover, we also observed that rs5283 and rs4534 could affect diabetes/hypertension risk among CHD patients (p < 0.05). In addition, the C We found that rs4534, rs6410 and rs5283 in CYP11B1 gene influence the susceptibility to CHD, which depend on age and gender.",BMC medical genomics,2022,Xiaoli Huang; Yimin Cheng; Na Wang,10.1186/s12920-022-01307-8,Journal Article,diabetes; hypertension,False,Xiaoli Huang et al. (2022). Genetic variants in CYP11B1 influence the susceptibility to coronary heart disease. BMC medical genomics.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35831903/
36505007,Multi-trajectories of systolic and diastolic hypertension and coronary heart disease in middle-aged and older adults.,"This study aimed to investigate multi-trajectories of systolic and diastolic hypertension and assess their association with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in middle-aged and older Chinese adults. The study cohort comprised 4,102 individuals aged 40-75 years with records of at least four systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). A group-based multi-trajectory model was adopted to identify multi-trajectories of systolic and diastolic hypertension, followed by a logistic model to assess the independent associations between these trajectories and CHD risk. The multinomial logistic model was used to evaluate the impact of baseline covariates on trajectory groups. Six distinct trajectories for systolic and diastolic hypertension were identified which represent distinct stages of hypertension and were characterized as low-stable, low-increasing, medium-decreasing, medium-increasing-decreasing, isolated systolic hypertension phase, and high-decreasing. Compared with the low-stable group, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 2.23 (1.34-3.70) for the medium-increasing-decreasing group and 1.87 (1.12-3.11) for the high-decreasing group after adjustment for baseline covariates. Compared with the low-increasing group, the ORs and 95% CIs were 1.88 (1.06-3.31) for the medium-increasing-decreasing group. Age, gender, drinking, body mass index (BMI), triglyceride (TG), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were independent predictors for trajectory groups 4 and 6. Novel, clinically defined multi-trajectories of systolic and diastolic hypertension were identified. Middle-aged and older adults with medium-increasing-decreasing or high-decreasing blood pressure trajectories are potentially critical periods for the development of CHD. Preventing adverse changes in hypertension status and reducing the high risk of CHD is necessary for people in distinct trajectory groups.",Frontiers in public health,2022,Mingzhuo Li; Miao Zhou; Yang Yang; Yafei Liu; Chaonan Yin; Wenting Geng; Chunxia Wang; Fang Tang; Yang Zhao; Fuzhong Xue; Xiubin Sun; Zhongshang Yuan,10.3389/fpubh.2022.1017727,Journal Article,hypertension,False,Mingzhuo Li et al. (2022). Multi-trajectories of systolic and diastolic hypertension and coronary heart disease in middle-aged and older adults. Frontiers in public health.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36505007/
33872757,Coronary heart disease risk: Low-density lipoprotein and beyond.,"Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide and has been characterized as a chronic immunoinflammatory, fibroproliferative disease fueled by lipids. Great advances have been made in elucidating the complex mechanistic interactions among risk factors associated with CHD, yielding abundant success towards preventive measures and the development of pharmaceuticals to prevent and treat CHD via attenuation of lipoprotein-mediated risk. However, significant residual risk remains. Several potentially modifiable CHD risk factors ostensibly contributing to this residual risk have since come to the fore, including systemic inflammation, diabetes mellitus, high-density lipoprotein, plasma triglycerides (TG) and remnant lipoproteins (RLP), lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]), and vascular endothelial dysfunction (ED). Herein, we summarize the body of evidence implicating each of these risk factors in residual CHD risk.",Trends in cardiovascular medicine,2022,Gabriel E Shaya; Thorsten M Leucker; Steven R Jones; Seth S Martin; Peter P Toth,10.1016/j.tcm.2021.04.002,Journal Article; Review,diabetes,False,Gabriel E Shaya et al. (2022). Coronary heart disease risk: Low-density lipoprotein and beyond. Trends in cardiovascular medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33872757/
35796765,Heart Failure: An Underappreciated Complication of Diabetes. A Consensus Report of the American Diabetes Association.,"Heart failure (HF) has been recognized as a common complication of diabetes, with a prevalence of up to 22% in individuals with diabetes and increasing incidence rates. Data also suggest that HF may develop in individuals with diabetes even in the absence of hypertension, coronary heart disease, or valvular heart disease and, as such, represents a major cardiovascular complication in this vulnerable population; HF may also be the first presentation of cardiovascular disease in many individuals with diabetes. Given that during the past decade, the prevalence of diabetes (particularly type 2 diabetes) has risen by 30% globally (with prevalence expected to increase further), the burden of HF on the health care system will continue to rise. The scope of this American Diabetes Association consensus report with designated representation from the American College of Cardiology is to provide clear guidance to practitioners on the best approaches for screening and diagnosing HF in individuals with diabetes or prediabetes, with the goal to ensure access to optimal, evidence-based management for all and to mitigate the risks of serious complications, leveraging prior policy statements by the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association.",Diabetes care,2022,Rodica Pop-Busui; James L Januzzi; Dennis Bruemmer; Sonia Butalia; Jennifer B Green; William B Horton; Colette Knight; Moshe Levi; Neda Rasouli; Caroline R Richardson,10.2337/dci22-0014,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; Consensus Statement",diabetes,False,Rodica Pop-Busui et al. (2022). Heart Failure: An Underappreciated Complication of Diabetes. A Consensus Report of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes care.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35796765/
35055468,"Coronary Heart Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Genetic Factors and Their Mechanisms, Gene-Gene, and Gene-Environment Interactions in the Asian Populations.","Asians are more susceptible to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and its coronary heart disease (CHD) complications than the Western populations, possibly due to genetic factors, higher degrees of obesity, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction that could occur even in healthy individuals. The genetic factors and their mechanisms, along with gene-gene and gene-environment interactions associated with CHD in T2D Asians, are yet to be explored. Therefore, the objectives of this paper were to review the current evidence of genetic factors for CHD, summarize the proposed mechanisms of these genes and how they may associate with CHD risk, and review the gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in T2D Asians with CHD. The genetic factors can be grouped according to their involvement in the energy and lipoprotein metabolism, vascular and endothelial pathology, antioxidation, cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair, hormonal regulation of glucose metabolism, as well as cytoskeletal function and intracellular transport. Meanwhile, interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from different genes, SNPs within a single gene, and genetic interaction with environmental factors including obesity, smoking habit, and hyperlipidemia could modify the gene's effect on the disease risk. Collectively, these factors illustrate the complexities of CHD in T2D, specifically among Asians.",International journal of environmental research and public health,2022,Khairul Anwar Zarkasi; Nor Azian Abdul Murad; Norfazilah Ahmad; Rahman Jamal; Noraidatulakma Abdullah,10.3390/ijerph19020647,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review",diabetes,False,"Khairul Anwar Zarkasi et al. (2022). Coronary Heart Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Genetic Factors and Their Mechanisms, Gene-Gene, and Gene-Environment Interactions in the Asian Populations. International journal of environmental research and public health.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35055468/
36494812,Disease patterns of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes harbored distinct and shared genetic architecture.,"Coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are two complex diseases with complex interrelationships. However, the genetic architecture of the two diseases is often studied independently by the individual single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) approach. Here, we presented a genotypic-phenotypic framework for deciphering the genetic architecture underlying the disease patterns of CHD and T2D. A data-driven SNP-set approach was performed in a genome-wide association study consisting of subpopulations with different disease patterns of CHD and T2D (comorbidity, CHD without T2D, T2D without CHD and all none). We applied nonsmooth nonnegative matrix factorization (nsNMF) clustering to generate SNP sets interacting the information of SNP and subject. Relationships between SNP sets and phenotype sets harboring different disease patterns were then assessed, and we further co-clustered the SNP sets into a genetic network to topologically elucidate the genetic architecture composed of SNP sets. We identified 23 non-identical SNP sets with significant association with CHD or T2D (SNP-set based association test, P < 3.70 × [Formula: see text]). Among them, disease patterns involving CHD and T2D were related to distinct SNP sets (Hypergeometric test, P < 2.17 × [Formula: see text]). Accordingly, numerous genes (e.g., KLKs, GRM8, SHANK2) and pathways (e.g., fatty acid metabolism) were diversely implicated in different subtypes and related pathophysiological processes. Finally, we showed that the genetic architecture for disease patterns of CHD and T2D was composed of disjoint genetic networks (heterogeneity), with common genes contributing to it (pleiotropy). The SNP-set approach deciphered the complexity of both genotype and phenotype as well as their complex relationships. Different disease patterns of CHD and T2D share distinct genetic architectures, for which lipid metabolism related to fibrosis may be an atherogenic pathway that is specifically activated by diabetes. Our findings provide new insights for exploring new biological pathways.",Cardiovascular diabetology,2022,Han Xiao; Yujia Ma; Zechen Zhou; Xiaoyi Li; Kexin Ding; Yiqun Wu; Tao Wu; Dafang Chen,10.1186/s12933-022-01715-1,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",diabetes,False,Han Xiao et al. (2022). Disease patterns of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes harbored distinct and shared genetic architecture. Cardiovascular diabetology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36494812/
35865249,Association Between Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and the Risks of Type-Specific Cardiovascular Diseases.,"Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been linked to subsequent overall cardiovascular diseases. However, evidence on the associations of GDM with type-specific cardiovascular diseases is lacking, and findings on the potential impact of type 2 diabetes on the associations are not consistent. This study aimed to explore the associations between GDM and the risks of type-specific cardiovascular diseases. Data were from 12,025 women (≥20 years) who had delivered at least one live birth in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2018. GDM history and type-specific cardiovascular diseases including coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure and stroke were defined by self-report. We also combined our results with those from previously related publications on the associations between GDM and risks of type-specific cardiovascular diseases with a random-effect model. Compared with women without GDM, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 1.82 (1.21-2.72) for CHD, 1.43 (0.80-2.53) for heart failure, and 1.19 (0.76-1.86) for stroke among women with a history of GDM. Type 2 diabetes was associated with 43.90, 67.44, and 63.16% of the excess odds of CHD, heart failure and stroke associated with GDM, respectively. Combining results from this study with those from previously related studies yielded odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.81 (1.60-2.05) for CHD (12 studies, 7,615,322 participants, GDM showed stronger associations with coronary heart diseases and heart failure than cerebrovascular disease, and the excess risks are attributable, in part, to type 2 diabetes.",Frontiers in public health,2022,Yuanyuan Mao; Wenbin Hu; Bin Xia; Li Liu; Xia Han; Qin Liu,10.3389/fpubh.2022.940335,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",diabetes,False,Yuanyuan Mao et al. (2022). Association Between Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and the Risks of Type-Specific Cardiovascular Diseases. Frontiers in public health.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35865249/
35157237,"The Diabetes-Cardiovascular Connection in Women: Understanding the Known Risks, Outcomes, and Implications for Care.","Cardiovascular disease (CVD) complications constitute about 50-70% of mortality in people with diabetes. However, there remains a persistently greater relative increase in CVD morbidity and mortality in women with diabetes than in their male counterparts. This review presents recent evidence for the risks, outcomes, and management implications for women with diabetes. Compared to men, women have higher BMI and more adverse cardiovascular risk profile at time of diabetes diagnosis with greater risk for coronary heart disease, stroke, vascular dementia, and heart failure. Pregnancy-specific risk factors of gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia are associated with future type 2 diabetes (T2D) and CVD. Women with T2D may experience greater benefits than men from GLP-1 receptor agonists. Women with diabetes are at greater relative risk for CVD complications than men, with poorer outcomes, superimposed on preexisting gender disparities in social determinants of health, lower likelihood of being offered cardioprotective interventions, and enrollment in trials. Further research and the utilization of SGLT-2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and other CVD prevention strategies will help reduce morbidity and mortality.",Current diabetes reports,2022,Eric K Broni; Chiadi E Ndumele; Justin B Echouffo-Tcheugui; Rita R Kalyani; Wendy L Bennett; Erin D Michos,10.1007/s11892-021-01444-x,"Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review",diabetes,False,"Eric K Broni et al. (2022). The Diabetes-Cardiovascular Connection in Women: Understanding the Known Risks, Outcomes, and Implications for Care. Current diabetes reports.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35157237/
35378385,Hyperlipidemia management in diabetes: First line or supportive therapy?,"Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes. Current therapeutic approach has changed from glucocentric to vasculoprotective. This brief review highlights importance of management of hyperlipidemia (raised LDL cholesterol and triglycerides) on CHD outcomes in diabetes. Literature seach was done till March 2022 (Pubmed, Google scholar) using following search words; lipids, cholesterol, statins, triglycerides, fibrates, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty (Omega-3 PUFAs) acids, LDL, diabetes, coronary heart disease. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials have reported that LDL cholesterol lowering using moderate to high intensity statins significantly reduces adverse CHD outcomes in diabetes. Evidence of triglyceride reduction using fenofibrate or omega-3 PUFAs is not very robust although a trial of a purified omega-3 PUFAs has shown significant benefit. Lipid lowering with statins along with comprehensive lifestyle changes in addition to glucose control is recommended as first-line therapy to reduce CHD mortality and morbidity in diabetes.",Diabetes & metabolic syndrome,2022,Rajeev Gupta; Anoop Misra,10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102470,Journal Article; Review,diabetes,False,Rajeev Gupta et al. (2022). Hyperlipidemia management in diabetes: First line or supportive therapy? Diabetes & metabolic syndrome.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35378385/
35653928,Coronary Artery Calcium Score directed risk stratification of patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus.,This study aimed to review the available data on the role of coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring as the preferred adjunct modality to improve risk prediction and reduce the incidence of major adverse cardiac events and mortality in T2DM patients. We reviewed the findings of 21 studies. This study revealed that the CAC scoring system could enhance cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk stratification and positively affect the medical management of patients with T2DM. A CAC scoring approach is necessary to reduce the incidence and prevalence of preventable CVD events in patients with type 2 diabetes.,Diabetes & metabolic syndrome,2022,Mahmoud Nassar; Nso Nso; Kelechi Emmanuel; Mohsen Alshamam; Most Sirajum Munira; Anoop Misra,10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102503,Journal Article; Review,diabetes,False,Mahmoud Nassar et al. (2022). Coronary Artery Calcium Score directed risk stratification of patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes & metabolic syndrome.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35653928/
35060389,Body Mass Index and Association With Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Stable Coronary Heart Disease - A STABILITY Substudy.,"BACKGROUND The obesity paradox states that patients with higher body mass index (BMI) and cardiovascular disease may experience better prognosis. However, this is less clear in patients with coronary heart disease. METHODS AND RESULTS The prospective STABILITY (Stabilization of Atherosclerotic Plaque by Initiation of Darapladib Therapy) trial included 15 828 patients with stable coronary heart disease with 3 to 5 years' follow-up on optimal secondary preventive treatment. BMI was measured at baseline (n=15 785). Associations between BMI and cardiovascular outcomes were evaluated by Cox regression analyses with multivariable adjustments. Mean age was 64±9 years and 19% women. Most risk markers (diabetes, hypertension, inflammatory biomarkers, triglycerides) showed a graded association with higher BMI. The frequency of smoking, levels of high-density lipoprotein, growth differentiation factor 15, and NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) were higher at lower BMI. Low BMI (<20 kg/m",Journal of the American Heart Association,2022,Claes Held; Nermin Hadziosmanovic; Philip E Aylward; Emil Hagström; Judith S Hochman; Ralph A H Stewart; Harvey D White; Lars Wallentin,10.1161/JAHA.121.023667,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",bmi,False,Claes Held et al. (2022). Body Mass Index and Association With Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Stable Coronary Heart Disease - A STABILITY Substudy. Journal of the American Heart Association.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35060389/
36337779,A Comprehensive Review on the Effects of Vegetarian Diets on Coronary Heart Disease.,"Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Dietary modifications in the form of a vegetarian diet can perhaps be the key to the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases. The aims of this review are to determine the association between a vegetarian diet and CHD, to compare the risk of CHD in different types of vegetarian diets, and to assess variability in the biochemical predictors of CHD in the various vegetarian diets. Our study inferred that adherence to a plant-based diet was inversely related to the incidence of heart failure risk. Our research further supports the idea that a vegetarian diet is advantageous for the secondary prevention of CHD since it alters lipid profiles, lowers body mass index (BMI), and increases plasma antioxidant micronutrient concentrations. Additionally, eating a plant-based diet starting in adolescence is linked to a decreased risk of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) by middle age. An increase in sensitization and education efforts is imperative to ensure that people are appropriately informed about this option to significantly improve their quality of life.",Cureus,2022,Funmilola Babalola; Ayobami Adesuyi; Favour David; Benedicta-B A Kolajo; Alexsandra Urhi; Omotola Akinade; Adewale M Adedoyin; Gabriel Alugba; Abimbola E Arisoyin; Obiamaka P Okereke; Ojali R Unedu; Adeyinka O Aladejare; Aduwa A Oboasekhi; Gibson O Anugwom,10.7759/cureus.29843,Journal Article; Review,bmi,False,Funmilola Babalola et al. (2022). A Comprehensive Review on the Effects of Vegetarian Diets on Coronary Heart Disease. Cureus.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36337779/
35861076,Laparoscopically Confirmed Endometriosis and Risk of Incident Stroke: A Prospective Cohort Study.,"Prior research suggests that women with endometriosis are at greater risk of coronary heart disease. Therefore, our objective was to prospectively investigate the association between laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis and risk of incident stroke during 28 years of follow-up. Participants in the NHSII cohort study (Nurses' Health Study II) were followed from 1989 when they were between the ages of 25 to 42 until 2017 for development of incident stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic). Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% CI, with adjustment for potential confounding variables (alcohol intake, body mass index at age 18, current body mass index, age at menarche, menstrual cycle pattern in adolescence, current menstrual cycle pattern, parity, oral contraceptive use history, smoking history, diet quality, physical activity, NSAID use, aspirin use, race/ethnicity, and income). We estimated the proportion of the total association mediated by history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hysterectomy/oophorectomy, and hormone therapy. We also tested for effect modification by age (<50, We documented 893 incident cases of stroke during 2 770 152 person-years of follow-up. Women with laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis had a 34% greater risk of stroke in multivariable-adjusted models (hazard ratio, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.10-1.62]), compared to those without a history of endometriosis. Of the total association of endometriosis with risk of stroke, the largest proportion was attributed to hysterectomy/oophorectomy (39% mediated [95% CI, 14%-71%]) and hormone therapy (16% mediated [95% CI, 5%-40%]). We observed no differences in the relationship between endometriosis and stroke by age, infertility history, body mass index, or menopausal status. We observed that women with endometriosis were at elevated risk of stroke. Women and their health care providers should be aware of endometriosis history, maximize primary cardiovascular prevention, and discuss signs and symptoms of cardiovascular disease.",Stroke,2022,Leslie V Farland; William J Degnan; Melanie L Bell; Scott E Kasner; Ava L Liberman; Divya K Shah; Kathryn M Rexrode; Stacey A Missmer,10.1161/STROKEAHA.122.039250,"Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural",bmi,False,Leslie V Farland et al. (2022). Laparoscopically Confirmed Endometriosis and Risk of Incident Stroke: A Prospective Cohort Study. Stroke.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35861076/
35641911,Higher body mass index was associated with better prognosis in diabetic patients with stage II colorectal cancer.,"The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of body mass index (BMI) on patients with concurrent colorectal cancer (CRC) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients who underwent primary radical CRC surgery from Jan 2011 to Jan 2020 were retrospectively collected. The perioperative information, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared between the higher BMI group and the lower BMI group. A total of 574 patients with concurrent CRC and T2DM were included in this study. The higher BMI group had higher portion of hypertension (p < 0.01) and coronary heart disease (CHD) (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the higher BMI group had better OS (p = 0.016) and DFS (p = 0.040) than the lower BMI group in stage II CRC. In multivariate analysis, age (OS: p = 0.002, HR = 2.016, 95% CI = 1.307-3.109/ DFS: p = 0.003, HR = 1.847, 95% CI = 1.230-2.772), TNM stage (OS: p < 0.01, HR = 1.667, 95% CI = 1.281-2.169/ DFS: p = 0.001, HR = 1.545, 95% CI = 1.207-1.977), overall complications (OS: p = 0.004, HR = 1.837, 95% CI = 1.218-2.880/ DFS: p = 0.006, HR = 1.783, 95% CI = 1.184-2.686) and major complications (OS: p = 0.005, HR = 2.819, 95% CI = 1.376-5.774/ DFS: p = 0.014, HR = 2.414, 95% CI = 1.196-4.870) were independent factors of OS and DFS. Moreover, BMI (p = 0.019, HR = 0.413, 95% CI = 0.197-0.864) was an independent factor of OS in stage II CRC. Higher BMI was associated with better OS in diabetic patients with stage II CRC.",BMC cancer,2022,Xiao-Yu Liu; Bing Kang; Yu-Xi Cheng; Chao Yuan; Wei Tao; Bin Zhang; Zheng-Qiang Wei; Dong Peng,10.1186/s12885-022-09691-1,Journal Article,bmi,False,Xiao-Yu Liu et al. (2022). Higher body mass index was associated with better prognosis in diabetic patients with stage II colorectal cancer. BMC cancer.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35641911/
36041552,Body mass index trajectories in childhood and incidence rates of type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease in adulthood: A cohort study.,"We examined associations between five body mass index (BMI) trajectories from ages 6-15 years and register-based adult-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and coronary heart disease (CHD) with and without adjustment for adult BMI. Child and adult BMI came from two Danish cohorts and 13,205 and 13,438 individuals were included in T2D and CHD analyses, respectively. Trajectories were estimated by latent class modelling. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated with Poisson regression. In models without adult BMI, compared to the lowest trajectory, among men the T2D IRRs were 0.92 (95 %CI:0.77-1.09) for the second lowest trajectory and 1.51 (95 %CI:0.71-3.20) for the highest trajectory. The corresponding IRRs in women were 0.92 (95 %CI:0.74-1.16) and 3.58 (95 %CI:2.30-5.57). In models including adult BMI, compared to the lowest trajectory, T2D IRRs in men were 0.57 (95 %CI:0.47-0.68) for the second lowest trajectory and 0.26 (95 %CI:0.12-0.56) for the highest trajectory. The corresponding IRRs in women were 0.60 (95 %CI:0.48-0.75) and 0.59 (95 %CI:0.36-0.96). The associations were similar in direction, but not statistically significant, for CHD. Incidence rates of adult-onset T2D were greater for a high child BMI trajectory than a low child BMI trajectory, but not in models that included adult BMI.",Diabetes research and clinical practice,2022,Kim Blond; Dorte Vistisen; Julie Aarestrup; Lise G Bjerregaard; Mohammed T Hudda; Anne Tjønneland; Kristine H Allin; Marit E Jørgensen; Britt W Jensen; Jennifer L Baker,10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110055,Journal Article,bmi,False,Kim Blond et al. (2022). Body mass index trajectories in childhood and incidence rates of type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease in adulthood: A cohort study. Diabetes research and clinical practice.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36041552/
34497352,Estimating the influence of body mass index (BMI) on mortality using offspring BMI as an instrumental variable.,"High body mass index (BMI) is an important predictor of mortality but estimating underlying causality is hampered by confounding and pre-existing disease. Here, we use information from the offspring to approximate parental BMIs, with an aim to avoid biased estimation of mortality risk caused by reverse causality. The analyses were based on information on 9674 offspring-mother and 9096 offspring-father pairs obtained from the 1958 British birth cohort. Parental BMI-mortality associations were analysed using conventional methods and using offspring BMI as a proxy, or instrument, for their parents' BMI. In the conventional analysis, associations between parental BMI and all-cause mortality were U-shaped (P Analyses using offspring BMI as a proxy for parental BMI suggest that the apparent adverse consequences of low BMI are considerably overestimated and adverse consequences of overweight are underestimated in conventional epidemiological studies.",International journal of obesity (2005),2022,Elina Hyppönen; David Carslake; Diane J Berry; Chris Power; George Davey Smith,10.1038/s41366-021-00962-8,Journal Article,bmi,False,Elina Hyppönen et al. (2022). Estimating the influence of body mass index (BMI) on mortality using offspring BMI as an instrumental variable. International journal of obesity (2005).,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34497352/
34476725,"Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor, Empagliflozin, is associated with significant reduction in weight, body mass index, fasting glucose, and A1c levels in Type 2 diabetic patients with established coronary heart disease: the SUPER GATE study.","Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, yielded significant beneficiaries in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is particularly benefited the diabetic subjects with heart conditions. We aimed to obtain a real-world data about the effects of empagliflozin add-on treatment on metabolic parameters, cardiovascular risk factors, and anthropometric measures in patients with T2DM. Type 2 diabetic patients with established coronary heart disease whom empagliflozin added to their treatment were enrolled in the study. Anthropometric measures, clinical and laboratory data, were obtained before and at the 6th month of the empagliflozin treatment. All data before and at the 6th month were compared. Body weight (p < 0.001), body mass index (p < 0.001), waist (p < 0.001) and hip (p < 0.001) circumferences, systolic blood pressure (p = 0.006), heart rate (p = 0.01), LDL cholesterol (p = 0.01), fasting plasma glucose (p < 0.001), and HbA1c (p < 0.001) levels were significantly reduced on 6th month of empagliflozin treatment compared to the baseline values. Estimated GFR (p = 0.66), serum creatinine (p = 0.8), uric acid (p = 0.40), total cholesterol (p = 0.053), triglyceride (p = 0.057), and HDL (p = 0.09) levels were not significantly changed. We suggest that empagliflozin treatment may improve anthropometric measures, metabolic parameters, and blood pressure and does not cause deterioration in kidney functions in type 2 diabetic patients with established coronary heart disease.",Irish journal of medical science,2022,Satilmis Bilgin; Ozge Kurtkulagi; Tuba Taslamacioglu Duman; Burcin Meryem Atak Tel; Gizem Kahveci; Murat Kiran; Eray Erge; Gulali Aktas,10.1007/s11845-021-02761-6,Journal Article,bmi,False,"Satilmis Bilgin et al. (2022). Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor, Empagliflozin, is associated with significant reduction in weight, body mass index, fasting glucose, and A1c levels in Type 2 diabetic patients with established coronary heart disease: the SUPER GATE study. Irish journal of medical science.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34476725/
35445603,Self-management in patients with coronary heart disease after stent implantation at the long-term stage: a cross-sectional study.,"The self-management of risk reduction in coronary heart disease (CHD) plays an important role in mediating health outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), but there is a lack of research on self-management status in the long-term stage after PCI in Chinese patients with CHD. Hence, this study investigated the self-management status in the long-term stage (>2 years) after PCI in patients with CHD. The results could provide a reference for the development of targeted interventions. This cross-sectional study administered a questionnaire survey on self-management in patients with CHD who underwent PCI (convenience sampling) and had been discharged from our medical center for >2 years, excluding the patients with severe hepatic or renal dysfunction or tumor. Data about cardiovascular risk factors, including body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and self-management status, were collected. The Coronary Artery Disease Self-Management Scale (CSMS) was used to assess patient self-management. The total CSMS score was 69.5±11.0, suggesting that the patients' self-management level was average. The scores for life management, emotion management, and disease management were 87.4±9.7, 77.6±7.7, and 57.5±11.0, respectively. Significant differences were noted in the patients' self-management scores according to occupation, education level, residence, and sex (all P<0.05). The self-management ability of farmers, primary school-educated, and male participants was relatively low. Moreover, cardiovascular risk factors were positively correlated with the emotion and disease management scores. CHD patients' self-management status in the long-term stage after PCI was moderate or poor. Medical staff should provide targeted guidance and education (for example, effective guidance on smoking cessation, first aid training, repeated disease education, and use of electronic devices to improve medication compliance) to improve the self-management level for the secondary prevention of CHD.",Annals of palliative medicine,2022,Haixiang Zhu; Guohong Chen; Xiaohui Xue; Sufen Zheng,10.21037/apm-21-2465,Journal Article,bmi,False,Haixiang Zhu et al. (2022). Self-management in patients with coronary heart disease after stent implantation at the long-term stage: a cross-sectional study. Annals of palliative medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35445603/
35796556,Early menopause and a low body mass index are associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease in Japanese women.,"The primary objective was to investigate the association between early menopause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence in Japanese women. The secondary objective was to ascertain the association with CVD risk factors. In this cross-sectional study, 7,239 naturally menopausal women from the Yamagata Cohort Study who completed an annual health visit and questionnaire between 2009 and 2015 were divided into three groups according to their age at menopause (women experiencing menopause at <45, 45-49 y, and ≥ 50 y). The diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke were made by self-report, while hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus, were diagnosed by vital signs and laboratory parameters. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the associations between age at menopause and CVD prevalence and CVD risk factors. A total of 354 (4.9%) and 156 (2.2%) women reported a history of CHD and stroke, respectively. Women experiencing menopause at <45 years had a higher prevalence of CHD than those experiencing menopause at ≥50 years (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.07-2.90; P = 0.023). Stroke, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia were equally prevalent among the three groups. Significant interactions were observed between age at menopause and body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.025) and parity (P = 0.025). Among those with a BMI < 18.5 or parity ≥2, women experiencing menopause at <45 years had a significantly higher prevalence of CHD than those experiencing menopause at ≥50 years. Early menopause and low BMI were associated with CHD in Japanese women.","Menopause (New York, N.Y.)",2022,Keiko Yamanouchi; Tsuyoshi Ohta; Tsuneo Konta; Fumihiro Nakamura; Shouta Horikawa; Nanako Nakai; Kazuyoshi Sakai; Mika Fukase; Manabu Seino; Hizuru Yamatani; Masafumi Watanabe; Yoshiyuki Ueno; Satoru Nagase,10.1097/GME.0000000000001987,Journal Article,bmi,False,"Keiko Yamanouchi et al. (2022). Early menopause and a low body mass index are associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease in Japanese women. Menopause (New York, N.Y.).",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35796556/
34554385,Mediation of the APOE associations with Alzheimer's and coronary heart diseases through body mass index and lipids.,"The APOE ε2/ε3/ε4 polymorphism is associated with multiple non-Mendelian traits, including high- (HDL-C) and low- (LDL-C) density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, body mass index (BMI), coronary heart disease (CHD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Lipids and BMI are risk factors for AD and CHD. Causal connections between the ε2 and ε4 alleles and these traits remain, however, poorly understood. We leverage comprehensive analyses of longitudinal data from four studies to examine potentially causal heterogeneous connections between these alleles, lipids, BMI, and diseases. We emphasize mutual mediation roles of lipids and BMI in their associations with the ε2 and ε4 alleles and their mediation roles in the associations of these alleles with AD and CHD. We confirmed previously reported significant univariate associations of these alleles with each trait, except CHD. We found, however, that most of the univariate- and mediation-analysis associations were affected by antagonistic heterogeneity/mediation. The mutual mediation analysis identified the associations of the APOE alleles with LDL-C as the least heterogeneous. The ε2 and ε4 alleles were associated with CHD through lipids, led by beneficial (β",GeroScience,2022,Yury Loika; Fan Feng; Elena Loiko; Alexander M Kulminski,10.1007/s11357-021-00458-3,"Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural",bmi,False,Yury Loika et al. (2022). Mediation of the APOE associations with Alzheimer's and coronary heart diseases through body mass index and lipids. GeroScience.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34554385/
35403197,Physical activity attenuates but does not eliminate coronary heart disease risk amongst adults with risk factors: EPIC-CVD case-cohort study.,"This study aimed to evaluate the association between physical activity and the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in individuals with and without CHD risk factors. EPIC-CVD is a case-cohort study of 29 333 participants that included 13 582 incident CHD cases and a randomly selected sub-cohort nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Self-reported physical activity was summarized using the Cambridge physical activity index (inactive, moderately inactive, moderately active, and active). Participants were categorized into sub-groups based on the presence or the absence of the following risk factors: obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2), hypercholesterolaemia (total cholesterol ≥6.2 mmol/L), history of diabetes, hypertension (self-reported or ≥140/90 mmHg), and current smoking. Prentice-weighted Cox regression was used to assess the association between physical activity and incident CHD events (non-fatal and fatal).Compared to inactive participants without the respective CHD risk factor (referent), excess CHD risk was highest in physically inactive and lowest in moderately active participants with CHD risk factors. Corresponding excess CHD risk estimates amongst those with obesity were 47% [95% confidence interval (CI) 32-64%] and 21% (95%CI 2-44%), with hypercholesterolaemia were 80% (95%CI 55-108%) and 48% (95%CI 22-81%), with hypertension were 80% (95%CI 65-96%) and 49% (95%CI 28-74%), with diabetes were 142% (95%CI 63-260%), and 100% (95%CI 32-204%), and amongst smokers were 152% (95%CI 122-186%) and 109% (95%CI 74-150%). In people with CHD risk factors, moderate physical activity, equivalent to 40 mins of walking per day, attenuates but does not completely offset CHD risk.",European journal of preventive cardiology,2022,Melony C Fortuin-de Smidt; Maquins Odhiambo Sewe; Camille Lassale; Elisabete Weiderpass; Jonas Andersson; José María Huerta; Ulf Ekelund; Krasimira Aleksandrova; Tammy Yn Tong; Christina C Dahm; Anne Tjønneland; Cecilie Kyrø; Karen Steindorf; Matthias B Schulze; Verena Katzke; Carlotta Sacerdote; Claudia Agnoli; Giovanna Masala; Rosario Tumino; Salvatore Panico; Jolanda Ma Boer; N Charlotte Onland-Moret; Gc Wanda Wendel-Vos; Yvonne T van der Schouw; Kristin Benjaminsen Borch; Antonio Agudo; Dafina Petrova; María Dolores Chirlaque; Moreno Iribas Conchi; Pilar Amiano; Olle Melander; Alicia K Heath; Dagfinn Aune; Nita G Forouhi; Claudia Langenberg; Soren Brage; Elio Riboli; Nicholas J Wareham; John Danesh; Adam S Butterworth; Patrik Wennberg,10.1093/eurjpc/zwac055,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",bmi,False,Melony C Fortuin-de Smidt et al. (2022). Physical activity attenuates but does not eliminate coronary heart disease risk amongst adults with risk factors: EPIC-CVD case-cohort study. European journal of preventive cardiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35403197/
36193539,Development of a diet pattern assessment tool for coronary heart disease risk reduction.,"Existing diet indices have gaps including neglect of the patterns of intake known to affect the final metabolic impact and use of measurement units prone to reporting error, and have applicability that is limited to specific populations. This study sought to develop a tool for diet-pattern assessment (Prudent Approach to Cardiovascular Epidemic, for Indians - Diet Quality Index (iPACE-DQI)) to reduce diet-related coronary-heart-disease (CHD) risk. The iPACE-DQI was developed on a 0-100 points scale (higher numeric value healthier). A proof-of-concept analysis was done to examine its construct validity and relation with risk-markers. Development of iPACE-DQI was partly guided by 'prudent diet' principles, with assessment focus on quality, quantity, and the pattern of intake. In the second part of the study, construct validity was evaluated by association of iPACE-DQI score with nutrients. Further, relationship of the score with risk-markers high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP), body-mass-index(BMI) and body-fat-percent was examined at single-point-in-time (baseline), and predictive ability of score change on hs-CRP change was evaluated in a proof-of-concept 12-weeks pre-post intervention, among free-living Indians (25-44years,n = 55) in an urban setting. The iPACE-DQI consists of eight main components. Associations of iPACE-DQI score with mean daily intake of key nutrients were robust and in expected direction [total-dietary-fiber (r = 0.5, p < 0.001), crude-fiber (r = 0.6, p < 0.001), protein (r = 0.5, p < 0.001), total-fat (r = -0.4, p = 0.002), vitamin-C (r = 0.5, p < 0.001), total-carbohydrate (r = 0.3, p = 0.017)]. Trends of hs-CRP, BMI and body-fat-percent across increasing diet-pattern score showed highest degree of abnormality in lowest tertile (≤35). Logistic regression model indicated higher likelihood for hs-CRP reduction (OR: 1.6, 95% CI 0.5-4.9) among those with ≥20% increase in iPACE-DQI score as compared with <20% increase or no-increase over 12-weeks. The iPACE-DQI is a 100-point scale that assesses diet-pattern with respect to CHD-risk. The proposed tool could be useful for researchers/health practitioners to track diet-pattern change and concomitant CHD-risk reduction.","Public health in practice (Oxford, England)",2022,Aparna Kohli; Ravindra M Pandey; Anupa Siddhu; K Srinath Reddy,10.1016/j.puhip.2022.100317,Journal Article,bmi,False,"Aparna Kohli et al. (2022). Development of a diet pattern assessment tool for coronary heart disease risk reduction. Public health in practice (Oxford, England).",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36193539/
35094071,"Four-Day Food Record Macronutrient Intake, With and Without Biomarker Calibration, and Chronic Disease Risk in Postmenopausal Women.","We recently evaluated associations of biomarker-calibrated protein intake, protein density, carbohydrate intake, and carbohydrate density with the incidence of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes among postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative (1993-present, 40 US clinical centers). The biomarkers relied on serum and urine metabolomics profiles, and biomarker calibration used regression of biomarkers on food frequency questionnaires. Here we develop corresponding calibration equations using food records and dietary recalls. In addition, we use calibrated intakes based on food records in disease association estimation in a cohort subset (n = 29,294) having food records. In this analysis, more biomarker variation was explained by food records than by FFQs for absolute macronutrient intake, with 24-hour recalls being intermediate. However, the percentage of biomarker variation explained was similar for each assessment approach for macronutrient densities. Invasive breast cancer risk was related inversely to carbohydrate and protein densities using food records, in analyses that included (calibrated) total energy intake and body mass index. Corresponding analyses for absolute intakes did not differ from the null, nor did absolute or relative intakes associate significantly with colorectal cancer or coronary heart disease. These analyses do not suggest major advantages for food records or dietary recalls in comparison with less costly and logistically simpler food frequency questionnaires for these nutritional variables.",American journal of epidemiology,2022,Ross L Prentice; Mary Pettinger; Marian L Neuhouser; Daniel Raftery; Cheng Zheng; G A Nagana Gowda; Ying Huang; Lesley F Tinker; Barbara V Howard; JoAnn E Manson; Robert Wallace; Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani; Karen C Johnson; Johanna W Lampe,10.1093/aje/kwac017,"Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural",bmi,False,"Ross L Prentice et al. (2022). Four-Day Food Record Macronutrient Intake, With and Without Biomarker Calibration, and Chronic Disease Risk in Postmenopausal Women. American journal of epidemiology.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35094071/
36419825,The effect of heteroscedasticity on the prediction efficiency of genome-wide polygenic score for body mass index.,"Globally, more than 1.9 billion adults are overweight. Thus, obesity is a serious public health issue. Moreover, obesity is a major risk factor for diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, and cardiovascular disease. Recently, GWAS examining obesity and body mass index (BMI) have increasingly unveiled many aspects of the genetic architecture of obesity and BMI. Information on genome-wide genetic variants has been used to estimate the genome-wide polygenic score (GPS) for a personalized prediction of obesity. However, the prediction power of GPS is affected by various factors, including the unequal variance in the distribution of a phenotype, known as heteroscedasticity. Here, we calculated a GPS for BMI using LDpred2, which was based on the BMI GWAS summary statistics from a European meta-analysis. Then, we tested the GPS in 354,761 European samples from the UK Biobank and found an effective prediction power of the GPS on BMI. To study a change in the variance of BMI, we investigated the heteroscedasticity of BMI across the GPS",Frontiers in genetics,2022,Eun Ju Baek; Hae-Un Jung; Ju Yeon Chung; Hye In Jung; Shin Young Kwon; Ji Eun Lim; Han Kyul Kim; Ji-One Kang; Bermseok Oh,10.3389/fgene.2022.1025568,Journal Article,bmi,False,Eun Ju Baek et al. (2022). The effect of heteroscedasticity on the prediction efficiency of genome-wide polygenic score for body mass index. Frontiers in genetics.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36419825/
35125699,Correlation of Serum Retinol and Atherogenic Indices in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study.,"Dyslipidemia is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, leading to mortality and morbidity in subjects with T2DM. This risk is higher in subjects with diabetes who are on retinoid therapy for some other indication, where hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and sudden cardiovascular deaths have been reported. Our study aimed to find the correlation of serum retinol and atherogenic index (AI) in subjects with T2DM and compare them with healthy controls. We found there was a significant difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, waist hip ratio, total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), the atherogenic ratio of cholesterol (ARC), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and AI between the two groups. There was a significant positive correlation of serum retinol with TC, TG, LDL-C, Non-HDL-C, ARC, AIP, and AI. In our study we found an association of serum retinol with atherogenic index and dyslipidemia in subjects with T2DM. Serum retinol can be a novel predictor of cardiovascular risk in subjects with T2DM.",Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB,2022,C Cecilia Xavier Jyothi; Debapriya Bandyopadhyay; Suchanda Sahu; Binod Kumar Patro; Saurav Nayak,10.1007/s12291-020-00951-0,Journal Article,bmi,False,C Cecilia Xavier Jyothi et al. (2022). Correlation of Serum Retinol and Atherogenic Indices in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study. Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35125699/
36638072,Artificial sweeteners and risk of cardiovascular diseases: results from the prospective NutriNet-Santé cohort.,"To study the associations between artificial sweeteners from all dietary sources (beverages, but also table top sweeteners, dairy products, etc), overall and by molecule (aspartame, acesulfame potassium, and sucralose), and risk of cardiovascular diseases (overall, coronary heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease). Population based prospective cohort study (2009-21). France, primary prevention research. 103 388 participants of the web based NutriNet-Santé cohort (mean age 42.2±14.4, 79.8% female, 904 206 person years). Dietary intakes and consumption of artificial sweeteners were assessed by repeated 24 h dietary records, including brand names of industrial products. Associations between sweeteners (coded as a continuous variable, log10 transformed) and cardiovascular disease risk, assessed by multivariable adjusted Cox hazard models. Total artificial sweetener intake was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (1502 events, hazard ratio 1.09, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 1.18, P=0.03); absolute incidence rate in higher consumers (above the sex specific median) and non-consumers was 346 and 314 per 100 000 person years, respectively. Artificial sweeteners were more particularly associated with cerebrovascular disease risk (777 events, 1.18, 1.06 to 1.31, P=0.002; incidence rates 195 and 150 per 100 000 person years in higher and non-consumers, respectively). Aspartame intake was associated with increased risk of cerebrovascular events (1.17, 1.03 to 1.33, P=0.02; incidence rates 186 and 151 per 100 000 person years in higher and non-consumers, respectively), and acesulfame potassium and sucralose were associated with increased coronary heart disease risk (730 events; acesulfame potassium: 1.40, 1.06 to 1.84, P=0.02; incidence rates 167 and 164; sucralose: 1.31, 1.00 to 1.71, P=0.05; incidence rates 271 and 161). The findings from this large scale prospective cohort study suggest a potential direct association between higher artificial sweetener consumption (especially aspartame, acesulfame potassium, and sucralose) and increased cardiovascular disease risk. Artificial sweeteners are present in thousands of food and beverage brands worldwide, however they remain a controversial topic and are currently being re-evaluated by the European Food Safety Authority, the World Health Organization, and other health agencies. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03335644.",BMJ (Clinical research ed.),2022,Charlotte Debras; Eloi Chazelas; Laury Sellem; Raphaël Porcher; Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo; Younes Esseddik; Fabien Szabo de Edelenyi; Cédric Agaësse; Alexandre De Sa; Rebecca Lutchia; Léopold K Fezeu; Chantal Julia; Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot; Benjamin Allès; Pilar Galan; Serge Hercberg; Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy; Inge Huybrechts; Bernard Srour; Mathilde Touvier,10.1136/bmj-2022-071204,Journal Article,age,False,Charlotte Debras et al. (2022). Artificial sweeteners and risk of cardiovascular diseases: results from the prospective NutriNet-Santé cohort. BMJ (Clinical research ed.).,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36638072/
35710917,Heterogeneity in coronary heart disease risk.,"There is large inter-individual heterogeneity in risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Risk factors traditionally used in primary risk assessment only partially explain this heterogeneity. Residual, unobserved heterogeneity leads to age-related attenuation of hazard rates and underestimation of hazard ratios. Its magnitude is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to estimate a lower and an approximate upper bound. Heterogeneity was parametrized by a log-normal distribution with shape parameter σ. Analysis was based on published data. From concordance indices of studies including traditional risk factors and additional diagnostic imaging data, we calculated the part of heterogeneity explained by imaging data. For traditional risk assessment, this part typically remains unexplained, thus constituting a lower bound on unobserved heterogeneity. Next, the potential impact of heterogeneity on CHD hazard rates in several large countries was investigated. CHD rates increase with age but the increase attenuates with age. Presuming this attenuation to be largely caused by heterogeneity, an approximate upper bound on σ was derived. Taking together both bounds, unobserved heterogeneity in studies without imaging information can be described by a shape parameter in the range σ = 1-2. It substantially contributes to observed age-dependences of hazard ratios and may lead to underestimation of hazard ratios by a factor of about two. Therefore, analysis of studies for primary CHD risk assessment should account for unobserved heterogeneity.",Scientific reports,2022,Cristoforo Simonetto; Susanne Rospleszcz; Jan Christian Kaiser; Kyoji Furukawa,10.1038/s41598-022-14013-3,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,False,Cristoforo Simonetto et al. (2022). Heterogeneity in coronary heart disease risk. Scientific reports.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35710917/
35603961,"Epidemiological analysis of coronary heart disease and its main risk factors: are their associations multiplicative, additive, or interactive?","The purpose of this study was to discover how considering multiplicative, additive, and interactive effects modifies results of a prospective cohort study on coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence and its main risk factors. The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor (KIHD) Study provided the study material, 2682 Eastern Finnish middle-aged men, followed since the 1980s. We applied multiplicative and additive survival models together with different statistical metrics and confidence intervals for risk ratios and risk differences to estimate the nature of associations. The mean (SD) follow-up time among men who were free of CHD at baseline ( Including covariate interactions and time dependence in survival models potentially refine results of epidemiological analyses and ease to define the order of importance across CHD risk factors. KEY MESSAGESIncluding covariate interactions and time dependence in survival models potentially refine results of epidemiological analyses on coronary heart disease.Including covariate interactions and time dependence in survival models potentially ease to define the order of importance across coronary heart disease risk factors.",Annals of medicine,2022,Ari Voutilainen; Christina Brester; Mikko Kolehmainen; Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen,10.1080/07853890.2022.2078875,Journal Article,age,False,"Ari Voutilainen et al. (2022). Epidemiological analysis of coronary heart disease and its main risk factors: are their associations multiplicative, additive, or interactive? Annals of medicine.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35603961/
35016566,Evaluating the relationship of sleep quality and sleep duration with Framingham coronary heart disease risk score.,"Sleep is an important modulator of cardiovascular function and is recognized to play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular disease. However, results of the studies investigating the relationship between sleep complaints and cardiovascular outcomes are still controversial. This study aimed to investigate the associations of sleep duration and sleep quality with Framingham 10-year hard coronary heart disease (CHD) risk score in Turkish adults. We included a total of 362 participants (mean age: 48.5 ± 9.0 years, 50.6% males) and measured sleep quality and sleep duration using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Framingham risk scoring system was utilized to calculate the 10-year hard CHD risk of participants. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between sleep quality, sleep duration, and CHD risk. Both short sleep duration (<6 hours) (OR = 3.858, 95% CI: 1.245-11.956) and long sleep duration (≥8 hours) (OR = 2.944, 95% CI: 1.087-7.967) were identified as the predictors of 10-year hard CHD risk. However, sleep quality was not associated with 10-year CHD risk even as a categorical or continuous variable (OR = 0.864, 95% CI: 0.418-1.787 and OR = 0.985, 95% CI: 0.868-1.117, respectively). Our findings highlighted previous studies demonstrating the U-shaped relationship, with both short and long sleep durations to be associated with a higher CHD risk. Evaluation of habitual sleeping patterns may provide additional information in clinical cardiovascular risk assessment. Future research should investigate whether interventions to optimize sleep duration may help to prevent coronary events in large population-based cohorts.",Chronobiology international,2022,Hakan Çakır; Aygül Güneş; Fahri Er; Hilal Çakır; Ali Karagöz; Fatih Yılmaz; Lütfi Öcal; Regayip Zehir; Mehmet Yunus Emiroğlu; Mehmet Demir; Cihangir Kaymaz; Erhan Tenekecioğlu,10.1080/07420528.2021.2018453,Journal Article,age,False,Hakan Çakır et al. (2022). Evaluating the relationship of sleep quality and sleep duration with Framingham coronary heart disease risk score. Chronobiology international.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35016566/
35380334,"Contribution of CYP19A1, CYP1A1, and CYP1A2 polymorphisms in coronary heart disease risk among the Chinese Han population.","The previous study has pointed to that endogenous CYP metabolites play an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease (CHD). The study aimed to identify the association of CYP19A1, CYP1A1, and CYP1A2 polymorphisms with CHD susceptibility in a Chinese Han population. A total of 960 genetically unrelated participants consist of 480 CHD patients and 480 healthy controls were enrolled. Nine SNPs in CYP19A1, CYP1A1, and CYP1A2 were randomly selected and genotyped using the Agena MassARRAY platform. Logistic regression analysis was used for the relationship between selected SNPs and CHD susceptibility by calculating odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for age and gender. The distribution of clinical characteristics in different genotypes was evaluated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). CYP1A2 rs2470890 TT genotype had a higher CHD risk compared with CC genotype (OR = 3.06, p = 0.032) or CC-CT genotype (OR = 3.04, p = 0.033). Moreover, the contribution of CYP19A1 and CYP1A2 polymorphisms to CHD susceptibility was associated with age, gender, and clinical phenotypes (course of the disease and Gensini score). Besides, CYP1A2 rs762551 was related to serum levels of red blood cell, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, p < 0.05). Our findings provided scientific evidence about CYP19A1, CYP1A1, and CYP1A2 polymorphisms on CHD incidence.",Functional & integrative genomics,2022,Wei Ye; Qizhu Tang; Lei Wang; Chenzhi Fang; Lili Xie; Qi He; Kaiwei Peng,10.1007/s10142-022-00850-y,Journal Article,age,False,"Wei Ye et al. (2022). Contribution of CYP19A1, CYP1A1, and CYP1A2 polymorphisms in coronary heart disease risk among the Chinese Han population. Functional & integrative genomics.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35380334/
35920266,Comparison of Three Cardiovascular Risk Scores among HIV-Infected Patients in Korea: The Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study.,"We investigated cardiovascular disease (CVD), risk factors for CVD, and applicability of the three known CVD risk equations in the Korean human immunodeficiency virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) cohort. The study parcitipants were HIV-infected patients in a Korean HIV/AIDS cohort enrolled from 19 hospitals between 2006 and 2017. Data collected at entry to the cohort were analyzed. The 5-year CVD risk in each participant was calculated using three CVD risk equations: reduced CVD prediction model of HIV-specific data collection on adverse effects of anti-HIV drugs (R-DAD), Framingham general CVD risk score (FRS), and Korean Coronary Heart Disease Risk Score (KRS). CVD events were observed in 11 of 586 HIV-infected patients during a 5-year (median) follow-up period. The incidence of CVD was 4.11 per 1,000 person-years. Older age (64 The FRS, R-DAD, and KRS performed well in the Korean HIV/AIDS cohort. A larger cohort and a longer period of follow-up may be necessary to demonstrate the risk factors and develop an independent CVD risk prediction model specific to Korean patients with HIV.",Infection & chemotherapy,2022,Ji Yun Bae; Soo Min Kim; Yunsu Choi; Jun Yong Choi; Sang Il Kim; Shin-Woo Kim; Bo Young Park; Bo Youl Choi; Hee Jung Choi,10.3947/ic.2022.0048,Journal Article,age,False,Ji Yun Bae et al. (2022). Comparison of Three Cardiovascular Risk Scores among HIV-Infected Patients in Korea: The Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study. Infection & chemotherapy.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35920266/
34062591,[Smoking cessation - achievable and effective].,"In hospital, effective smoking cessation can be organized through counselling, pharmacological aids and, above all, continuous care in outpatient structures following discharge. Pharmacological treatment has proven to be effective and safe with nicotine replacement therapy as well as varenicline. Counselling plus pharmacotherapy is more effective in combination than either therapy is on its own. To better implement structures medical societies in Germany are seeking adequate funding e. g. in the DRG system for hospitalised patients.There are obvious and relevant benefits in smoking cessation. Not only for the main tobacco-related diseases such as coronary heart disease or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), positive effects of quitting on morbidity and mortality have been confirmed by high-quality meta-analyses. Furthermore, quality of life is increasing following cessation. Presently, smoking is found to be a significant risk factor for severe disease and mortality following coronavirus infection.Do e-cigarettes offer an alternative in smoking cessation? No. Animal and human data are suggesting toxic effects especially following longer use. The long-term effectiveness of e-cigarettes in tobacco cessation is still uncertain and epidemiologic data clearly point toward ineffectiveness. Furthermore, dual use with potentiation of the toxic effects is common. Therefore, e-cigarettes cannot be recommended for tobacco cessation.",Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946),2021,Stefan Andreas; Wulf Pankow,10.1055/a-1259-8353,Journal Article,smoking,False,Stefan Andreas et al. (2021). [Smoking cessation - achievable and effective]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946).,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34062591/
33454343,Closing Gaps in Lifestyle Adherence for Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease.,"The secondary prevention (SP) of coronary heart disease (CHD) has become a major public health and economic burden worldwide. In the United States, the prevalence of CHD has risen to 18 million, the incidence of recurrent myocardial infarctions (MI) remains high, and related healthcare costs are projected to double by 2035. In the last decade, practice guidelines and performance measures for the SP of CHD have increasingly emphasized evidence-based lifestyle (LS) interventions, including healthy dietary patterns, regular exercise, smoking cessation, weight management, depression screening, and enrollment in cardiac rehabilitation. However, data show large gaps in adherence to healthy LS behaviors and low rates of enrollment in cardiac rehabilitation in patients with established CHD. These gaps may be related, since behavior change interventions have not been well integrated into traditional ambulatory care models in the United States. The chronic care model, an evidence-based practice framework that incorporates clinical decision support, self-management support, team-care delivery and other strategies for delivering chronic care is well suited for both chronic CHD management and prevention interventions, including those related to behavior change. This article reviews the evidence base for LS interventions for the SP of CHD, discusses current gaps in adherence, and presents strategies for closing these gaps via evidence-based and emerging interventions that are conceptually aligned with the elements of the chronic care model.",The American journal of cardiology,2021,Monica Aggarwal; Dean Ornish; Richard Josephson; Todd M Brown; Robert J Ostfeld; Neil Gordon; Shivank Madan; Kathleen Allen; Aditya Khetan; Ahmed Mahmoud; Andrew M Freeman; Karen Aspry,10.1016/j.amjcard.2021.01.005,Journal Article; Review,smoking,False,Monica Aggarwal et al. (2021). Closing Gaps in Lifestyle Adherence for Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease. The American journal of cardiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33454343/
33387273,Reduced Serum Zinc Ion Concentration Is Associated with Coronary Heart Disease.,"Imbalances in trace element concentrations in the blood as a result of poor nutrition may affect the development of coronary heart disease. To study the relationship between zinc ion concentration in the peripheral blood and coronary heart disease, we performed multiple logistic regression and hierarchical analyses on blood measurements of 3541 patients. The experimental group comprised 1253 patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease, and the control group included 2288 healthy patients. The zinc ion concentrations were measured by a color rendering method, and the results were analyzed using SPSS software. Fifteen laboratory quality evaluation samples from the Clinical Laboratory Center of the Chinese Ministry of Health were selected for analysis. The mean values and average bias were calculated. The estimated qualified judgment standard was < 1/2 TEa (the allowable total error for zinc). A hierarchical analysis of risk factors, including smoking, age, sex, and menopause in women, was performed. The results revealed that non-smoking, aging (especially postmenopausal women), and low blood zinc concentrations were independent risk factors for the development of coronary heart disease (P ≤ 0.05, zinc ion concentration less than 13.82 ± 2.91). The findings strongly suggest that decreased zinc ion concentrations in the peripheral blood can be used as an independent risk factor for the prediction of coronary heart disease, especially in older patients, non-smokers, and women, in particular, postmenopausal women.",Biological trace element research,2021,Heyu Meng; Yueying Wang; Fengfeng Zhou; Jianjun Ruan; Meiyu Duan; Xue Wang; Qiong Yu; Ping Yang; Weiwei Chen; Fanbo Meng,10.1007/s12011-020-02551-8,Journal Article,smoking,False,Heyu Meng et al. (2021). Reduced Serum Zinc Ion Concentration Is Associated with Coronary Heart Disease. Biological trace element research.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33387273/
33754833,"Cigarette Smoking, Incident Coronary Heart Disease, and Coronary Artery Calcification in Black Adults: The Jackson Heart Study.","Background Although Black adults are more likely to die from coronary heart disease (CHD) compared with White adults, few studies have examined the relationship between cigarette smoking and CHD risk among Black adults. We evaluated the relationship between cigarette smoking, incident CHD, and coronary artery calcification in the JHS (Jackson Heart Study). Methods and Results We classified JHS participants without a history of CHD (n=4432) by self-reported baseline smoking status into current, former (smoked at least 400 cigarettes/life) or never smokers at baseline (2000-2004). We further classified current smokers by smoking intensity (number of cigarettes smoked per day [1-19 or ≥20]) and followed for incident CHD (through 2016). Hazard ratios (HR) for incident CHD for each smoking group compared with never smokers were estimated with adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models. At baseline, there were 548 (12.4%) current, 782 (17.6%) former, and 3102 (70%) never smokers. During follow-up (median, 13.8 years), 254 participants developed CHD. After risk factor adjustment, CHD risk was significantly higher in current smokers compared with never smokers (HR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.39-3.18); the difference between former smokers and never smokers (HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.0-1.90) did not achieve statistical significance. Among current smokers, we did not observe a dose-response effect for CHD risk. Additionally, in multivariable logistic regression models with a subset of our analytic cohort, current smokers had greater odds of coronary artery calcification score >0 compared with never smokers (odds ratio, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.88-3.68). Conclusions In a large prospective cohort of Black adults, current smoking was associated with a >2-fold increased risk of CHD over a median follow-up of greater than a decade.",Journal of the American Heart Association,2021,Adebamike A Oshunbade; Wondwosen Kassahun-Yimer; Karen A Valle; Arsalan Hamid; Rodney K Kipchumba; Daisuke Kamimura; Donald Clark; Wendy B White; Andrew P DeFilippis; Michael J Blaha; Emelia J Benjamin; Emily C O'Brien; Robert J Mentz; Carlos J Rodriguez; Ervin R Fox; Javed Butler; Rachel J Keith; Aruni Bhatnagar; Rose Marie Robertson; Adolfo Correa; Michael E Hall,10.1161/JAHA.120.017320,"Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",smoking,False,"Adebamike A Oshunbade et al. (2021). Cigarette Smoking, Incident Coronary Heart Disease, and Coronary Artery Calcification in Black Adults: The Jackson Heart Study. Journal of the American Heart Association.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33754833/
33474702,Diagnostic utility of circulating plasma microRNA-101a in severity of coronary heart disease.,"For evaluating the severity of coronary heart disease (CHD), coronary arteriography may not be available everywhere due to technical limitations. MicroRNA-101a (miR-101a) associated with inflammation and cholesterol homeostasis. However, whether it related to presence and stratification of CHD is still unknown. We aim to evaluate the value of miR-101a in stratifying CHD patients. We enrolled 200 CHD patients and 100 controls, and 200 CHD patients were divided into two groups of low and high SYNTAX score (SYNTAX score ≤ 22 versus SYNTAX score ≥ 33). Intergroup comparisons of miR-101a level were compared among the controls and two groups of low and high SYNTAX score. Correlation between miR-101a and blood lipid profiles was analyzed. The logistic regression analysis were conducted to evaluate the risk factors of CHD. Relative level of miR-101a in the controls, SYNTAX score ≤ 22 and SYNTAX score ≥ 33 group were 4.61 (1.24-8.91), 3.28 (0.58-6.75) and 2.29 (1.04-3.62), respectively (p < 0.001). All lipid profiles significantly associated with miR-101a expression (all p < 0.001). The odds ratio (OR) of miR-101a in univariate analysis was 0.41 (95% CI, 0.33-0.52). After adjusting for the traditional risk factors, such as blood profiles and history of smoking, the odds ratio of miR-101a was 0.63 (95% CI, 0.47-0.43), which closely associated with CHD (p = 0.002). Circulating miR-101a may be considered as a novel biomarker for evaluating the presence and severity of CHD.",Irish journal of medical science,2021,Huai Yu; Ying-Feng Tu; Hui-Min Liu; Mao-En Xu,10.1007/s11845-021-02512-7,Journal Article,smoking,False,Huai Yu et al. (2021). Diagnostic utility of circulating plasma microRNA-101a in severity of coronary heart disease. Irish journal of medical science.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33474702/
33191907,Association of long-term inhalation of caffeine-sodium benzoate with coronary heart disease in men.,"A possible correlation between caffeine and coronary heart disease (CHD) is controversial. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of long-term inhalation of caffeine-sodium benzoate (CSB) on the development of CHD in men, the severity of coronary artery lesions and the possible contributing effects of smoking. A retrospective analysis was performed on 2,001 consecutive men who underwent selective coronary angiography. These men were assigned to a CSB inhalation group (CSB; 1 - 6 times/d, 274 - 1,644 mg/d, > 10 years; n = 326) or a non-inhalation group (non-CSB; n = 1,675). The two groups were compared for the prevalence, onset age, and risk factors of CHD. The men were also stratified as CSB-only, smoking-only, combined CSB+ smoking, and the control (non-CSB+non-smoking). The prevalence, onset age, risk factors of CHD, and severity of coronary artery lesions and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were compared among these groups. The prevalence of CHD in the CSB group was higher compared with the non-CSB group (91.72 vs. 86.09%, p 70% stenosis of the coronary artery lesion (64.92%) were significantly higher than that of the smoking-only group (88.19 and 54.29%, respectively) or control (83.20 and 52.90%), while the percentage with stenosis involving the anterior descending branch was lower (62.30 vs. 72.29% and 74.17%, p < 0.01). Men who inhaled CSB long-term had a higher rate of CHD compared with those who did not take CSB. The combination of CSB inhalation and smoking appears to increase synergistically the risk and severity of CHD.",International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics,2021,San-Cong Pan; Hua-Hua Cui; Gang-Gang Si; Chun-Guang Qiu; Zhong-Sheng Qin,10.5414/CP203805,Journal Article,smoking,False,San-Cong Pan et al. (2021). Association of long-term inhalation of caffeine-sodium benzoate with coronary heart disease in men. International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33191907/
33766214,Combined Effect of Smoking and Obesity on Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in Male Veterans: A 30-year Cohort Study.,"Evidence is lacking regarding the combined effects of smoking and obesity on mortality from coronary heart disease in male veterans. This study aimed to explore the combined effect of smoking and obesity on coronary heart disease mortality in male veterans in China. A cohort of 1,268 male veterans from 22 veteran centers in Xi'an (Shaanxi Province, China) were followed up once every 2 years from February 1, 1987 to October 30, 2016. The endpoint was death from any cause. The hazard ratio ( The total follow-up was 24394.21 person-years; each subject was followed up for a mean duration of 19.24 years. By the end of the study, of the 1,268 veterans, 889 had died, 363 were alive, and 16 were lost to follow-up. Cox regression analysis results revealed that current smoking ( Our results suggest that obese veterans who smoke might be an important target population for coronary heart disease mortality control.",Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES,2021,Xiao Yong Sai; Feng Gao; Wen Yu Zhang; Meng Gao; Jing You; Yu Jian Song; Ting Gang Luo; Yuan Yuan Sun,10.3967/bes2021.012,Journal Article,smoking,False,Xiao Yong Sai et al. (2021). Combined Effect of Smoking and Obesity on Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in Male Veterans: A 30-year Cohort Study. Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33766214/
33558007,Improved lipidomic profile mediates the effects of adherence to healthy lifestyles on coronary heart disease.,"Adherence to healthy lifestyles is associated with reduced risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), but uncertainty persists about the underlying lipid pathway. In a case-control study of 4681 participants nested in the prospective China Kadoorie Biobank, 61 lipidomic markers in baseline plasma were measured by targeted nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Baseline lifestyles included smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary habit, physical activity, and adiposity levels. Genetic instrument was used to mimic the lipid-lowering effect of statins. We found that 35 lipid metabolites showed statistically significant mediation effects in the pathway from healthy lifestyles to CHD reduction, including very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles and their cholesterol, large-sized high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle and its cholesterol, and triglyceride in almost all lipoprotein subfractions. The statins genetic score was associated with reduced intermediate- and low-density lipoprotein, but weak or no association with VLDL and HDL. Lifestyle interventions and statins may improve different components of the lipid profile.",eLife,2021,Jiahui Si; Jiachen Li; Canqing Yu; Yu Guo; Zheng Bian; Iona Millwood; Ling Yang; Robin Walters; Yiping Chen; Huaidong Du; Li Yin; Jianwei Chen; Junshi Chen; Zhengming Chen; Liming Li; Liming Liang; Jun Lv,10.7554/eLife.60999,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",smoking,False,Jiahui Si et al. (2021). Improved lipidomic profile mediates the effects of adherence to healthy lifestyles on coronary heart disease. eLife.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33558007/
34468867,Phytosterols and Cardiovascular Disease.,"Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Elevated blood cholesterol levels are not only the major but also the best modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Lifestyle modifications which include a healthy diet are the cornerstone of lipid-lowering therapy. So-called functional foods supplemented with plant sterols lower blood cholesterol levels by about 10-15%. In the recent revision of the ESC/EAS dyslipidemia guideline 2019, plant sterols are recommended for the first time as an adjunct to lifestyle modification to lower blood cholesterol levels. However, the German Cardiac Society (DGK) is more critical of food supplementation with plant sterols and calls for randomized controlled trials investigating hard cardiovascular outcomes. An increasing body of evidence suggests that plant sterols per se are atherogenic. This review discusses this controversy based on findings from in vitro and in vivo studies, clinical trials, and genetic evidence.",Current atherosclerosis reports,2021,Umidakhon Makhmudova; P Christian Schulze; Dieter Lütjohann; Oliver Weingärtner,10.1007/s11883-021-00964-x,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,Umidakhon Makhmudova et al. (2021). Phytosterols and Cardiovascular Disease. Current atherosclerosis reports.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34468867/
33669005,Nutritional Viewpoints on Eggs and Cholesterol.,"Although most current epidemiologic studies indicate no significant association between consuming one egg daily and blood cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk, arguments still persist with a positive association. Since the diet is one of the most influential factors for this association, we illustrate characteristic features in Japanese people whose dietary pattern is distinct from that, for example, the US (United States) population. Available epidemiologic studies in healthy Japanese people show no association between consumption of one egg daily and blood cholesterol level, consistent with those observed in the US population. However, when consumption of major nutrients and food sources of cholesterol are compared to the US population, Japanese people may have an extra-reserve against the influence of eggs on cardiovascular risk markers, despite consuming relatively more eggs. Further discussion on the influence of nutrients contained in the egg and dietary pattern, including interaction with gut microbes, is necessary. In addition, special consideration at the personalized level is needed for judgment regarding dietary cholesterol not only for hypercholesterolemic patients but for hyper-responsive healthy persons. Although randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up are required to evaluate the association between consumption of eggs and human health, available information, at least from the nutritional viewpoint, suggests that egg is a healthy and cost-efficient food worldwide.","Foods (Basel, Switzerland)",2021,Michihiro Sugano; Ryosuke Matsuoka,10.3390/foods10030494,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,"Michihiro Sugano et al. (2021). Nutritional Viewpoints on Eggs and Cholesterol. Foods (Basel, Switzerland).",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33669005/
33545111,Recent advances in the regulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1 by lncRNAs.,"Coronary heart disease (CHD) with atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death worldwide. ABCA1 and ABCG1 promote cholesterol efflux to suppress foam cell generation and reduce atherosclerosis development. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as a unique group of RNA transcripts that longer than 200 nucleotides and have no protein-coding potential. Many studies have found that lncRNAs regulate cholesterol efflux to influence atherosclerosis development. ABCA1 is regulated by different lncRNAs, including MeXis, GAS5, TUG1, MEG3, MALAT1, Lnc-HC, RP5-833A20.1, LOXL1-AS1, CHROME, DAPK1-IT1, SIRT1 AS lncRNA, DYNLRB2-2, DANCR, LeXis, LOC286367, and LncOR13C9. ABCG1 is also regulated by different lncRNAs, including TUG1, GAS5, RP5-833A20.1, DYNLRB2-2, ENST00000602558.1, and AC096664.3. Thus, various lncRNAs are associated with the roles of ABCA1 and ABCG1 on cholesterol efflux in atherosclerosis regulation. However, some lncRNAs play dual roles in ABCA1 expression and atherosclerosis, and the functions of some lncRNAs in atherosclerosis have not been investigated in vivo. In this article, we review the roles of lncRNAs in atherosclerosis and focus on new insights into lncRNAs associated with the roles of ABCA1 and ABCG1 on cholesterol efflux and the potential of these lncRNAs as novel therapeutic targets in atherosclerosis.",Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry,2021,Shun Zhang; Lu Li; Jie Wang; Tingting Zhang; Ting Ye; Shuai Wang; Dongming Xing; Wujun Chen,10.1016/j.cca.2021.01.019,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,Shun Zhang et al. (2021). Recent advances in the regulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1 by lncRNAs. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33545111/
34552341,The Effects of Diosgenin on Hypolipidemia and Its Underlying Mechanism: A Review.,"Hyperlipidemia is a disorder of lipid metabolism, which is a major cause of coronary heart disease. Although there has been considerable progress in hyperlipidemia treatment, morbidity and risk associated with the condition continue to rise. The first-line treatment for hyperlipidemia, statins, has multiple side effects; therefore, development of safe and effective drugs from natural products to prevent and treat hyperlipidemia is necessary. Diosgenin is primarily derived from fenugreek (","Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy",2021,Fengcui Sun; Xiufen Yang; Chaoqun Ma; Shizhao Zhang; Lu Yu; Haifei Lu; Guoliang Yin; Pengpeng Liang; Yanan Feng; Fengxia Zhang,10.2147/DMSO.S326054,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,"Fengcui Sun et al. (2021). The Effects of Diosgenin on Hypolipidemia and Its Underlying Mechanism: A Review. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34552341/
33562440,The Role of the ATP-Binding Cassette A1 (ABCA1) in Human Disease.,"Cholesterol homeostasis is essential in normal physiology of all cells. One of several proteins involved in cholesterol homeostasis is the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), a transmembrane protein widely expressed in many tissues. One of its main functions is the efflux of intracellular free cholesterol and phospholipids across the plasma membrane to combine with apolipoproteins, mainly apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I), forming nascent high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) particles, the first step of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). In addition, ABCA1 regulates cholesterol and phospholipid content in the plasma membrane affecting lipid rafts, microparticle (MP) formation and cell signaling. Thus, it is not surprising that impaired ABCA1 function and altered cholesterol homeostasis may affect many different organs and is involved in the pathophysiology of a broad array of diseases. This review describes evidence obtained from animal models, human studies and genetic variation explaining how ABCA1 is involved in dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease (CHD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), thrombosis, neurological disorders, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, viral infections and in cancer progression.",International journal of molecular sciences,2021,Leonor Jacobo-Albavera; Mayra Domínguez-Pérez; Diana Jhoseline Medina-Leyte; Antonia González-Garrido; Teresa Villarreal-Molina,10.3390/ijms22041593,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,Leonor Jacobo-Albavera et al. (2021). The Role of the ATP-Binding Cassette A1 (ABCA1) in Human Disease. International journal of molecular sciences.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33562440/
34508732,Heart disease: The forgotten pandemic.,"Over the past 10 years cholesterol levels have been falling while the number of Americans dying of heart disease has been steadily climbing. This apparent paradox compels us to question whether lowering cholesterol is the best way to prevent coronary heart disease. A number of recent studies suggest that cholesterol, specifically LDL-C, may not be a primary risk factor for coronary heart disease and other markers, such as insulin resistance or remnant cholesterol, may be much more important. Furthermore, therapies designed to prevent coronary heart disease by lowering cholesterol with drugs or diet have yielded inconsistent results. Despite the widespread utilization of cholesterol-lowering statins in Europe, observational studies indicate that there has been no accompanying decline in coronary heart disease deaths. This new evidence should give us pause as we try to understand why the campaign to prevent heart disease by lowering cholesterol has not achieved its goals.",Preventive medicine,2021,Robert DuBroff; Maryanne Demasi,10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106791,Journal Article,cholesterol,False,Robert DuBroff et al. (2021). Heart disease: The forgotten pandemic. Preventive medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34508732/
34171740,"Soybean oil lowers circulating cholesterol levels and coronary heart disease risk, and has no effect on markers of inflammation and oxidation.","To reduce risk of coronary heart disease, replacement of saturated fats (SFAs) with polyunsaturated fats (PUFA) is recommended. Strong and concordant evidence supports this recommendation, but controversy remains. Some observational studies have reported no association between SFAs and coronary heart disease, likely because of failure to account for the macronutrient replacing SFAs, which determines the direction and strength of the observed associations. Controversy also persists about whether ω-6 (nω-6) PUFA or a high dietary ratio of nω-6 to ω-3 (nω-3) fatty acids leads to proinflammatory and pro-oxidative states. These issues are relevant to soybean oil, which is the leading edible oil consumed globally and in the United States. Soybean oil accounts for over 40% of the US intake of both essential fatty acids. We reviewed clinical and epidemiologic literature to determine the effects of soybean oil on cholesterol levels, inflammation, and oxidation. Clinical evidence indicates that soybean oil does not affect inflammatory biomarkers, nor does it increase oxidative stress. On the other hand, it has been demonstrated that when dietary SFAs are replaced with soybean oil, blood cholesterol levels are lowered. Regarding the nω-6:nω-3 dietary ratio, health agencies have consistently rejected the importance of this ratio, instead emphasizing the importance of consuming sufficient amounts of each type of fat. Thus, several lines of evidence indicate that soybean oil can positively contribute to overall health and reduction of risk of coronary heart disease.","Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)",2021,Mark Messina; Gregory Shearer; Kristina Petersen,10.1016/j.nut.2021.111343,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,"Mark Messina et al. (2021). Soybean oil lowers circulating cholesterol levels and coronary heart disease risk, and has no effect on markers of inflammation and oxidation. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.).",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34171740/
34340681,Particles and corrected particles of LDL and non-HDL are stronger predicters of coronary lesion in postmenopausal women.,"The optimum lipid indexes, predicting the coronary lesion in postmenopausal women are not clear. To evaluate the optimum lipid predicter for coronary lesion in routine and advanced lipid tests. 300 postmenopausal women were enrolled and assigned into coronary heart disease (CHD) Group (242), and non-CHD Group (58). Routine and advanced lipid indexes were measured with standard laboratory test and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The correlation and predictivities for CHD of routine and advanced lipid indexes were performed with Logistic regression, Spearman correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC). Age (hazard ratio (HR) 2.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-5.86, P = 0.03), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.15-1.59, P < 0.001), corrected particles of low-density lipoprotein (LDL-p-corr) (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.06, P < 0.001) and corrected particles of non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL-p-corr) (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03, P < 0.001) were the risk factors of CHD. LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), LDL-p, LDL-p-corr, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C), non-HDL-p and non-HDL-p-corr were in linear correlation with Gensini score. Advanced lipid indexes LDL-p (area under curve (AUC) = 0.750, P = 0.02), LDL-p-corr (AUC = 0.759, P = 0.02), non-HDL-p (AUC = 0.693, P = 0.03) and non-HDL-p-corr (AUC = 0.699, P = 0.03) were more predictive for CHD than the routine ones (LDL-C and non-HDL-C). In postmenopausal women, age, ApoB, LDL-p-corr and non-HDL-p-corr were risk factors of CHD. Compared with traditional lipid items, LDL-p, LDL-p-corr, non-HDL-p and non-HDL-p-corr may be better lipid indexes for CHD in postmenopausal women.",BMC cardiovascular disorders,2021,Chuang Li; Jingxun Chen; Siyue Wei; Mei Zhang; Yushun Chu; Fanpeng Meng; Jianyu Wang; Jie Tang; Jian Luo; Yu Yang; Xiulong Niu; Wei Cai,10.1186/s12872-021-02189-x,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",cholesterol,False,Chuang Li et al. (2021). Particles and corrected particles of LDL and non-HDL are stronger predicters of coronary lesion in postmenopausal women. BMC cardiovascular disorders.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34340681/
32368969,"Three Musketeers for Lowering Cholesterol: Statins, Ezetimibe and Evolocumab.","Coronary heart disease (CHD) is closely related to hypercholesterolemia, and lowering serum cholesterol is currently the most important strategy in reducing CHD. In humans, the serum cholesterol level is determined mainly by three metabolic pathways, namely, dietary cholesterol intake, cholesterol synthesis, and cholesterol degradation in vivo. An intervention that targets the key molecules in the three pathways is an important strategy in lowering serum lipids. Statins inhibit 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) to reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by about 20% to 45%. However, up to 15% of patients cannot tolerate the potential side effects of high statin dosages, and several patients also still do not reach their optimal LDL goals after being treated with statins. Ezetimibe inhibits cholesterol absorption by targeting the Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 protein (NPC1L1), which is related to cholesterol absorption in the intestines. Ezetimibe lowers LDL by about 18% when used alone and by an additional 25% when combined with statin therapy. The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) increases hepatic LDLR degradation, thereby reducing the liver's ability to remove LDL, which can lead to hypercholesterolemia. Evolocumab, which is a PCSK9 monoclonal antibody, can reduce LDL from baseline by 53% to 56%. The three drugs exert lipid-lowering effects by regulating the three key pathways in lipid metabolism. Combining any with the two other drugs on the basis of statin treatment has improved the lipid-lowering effect. Whether the combination of the three musketeers will reduce the side effects of monotherapy and achieve the lipid-lowering effect should be studied further in the future.",Current medicinal chemistry,2021,Qian Xu; Yiming Deng; Jun Xiao; Xiangrui Liu; Min Zhou; Zhong Ren; Juan Peng; Yaling Tang; Zhisheng Jiang; Zhihan Tang; Lushan Liu,10.2174/0929867327666200505091738,Journal Article,cholesterol,False,"Qian Xu et al. (2021). Three Musketeers for Lowering Cholesterol: Statins, Ezetimibe and Evolocumab. Current medicinal chemistry.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32368969/
34254531,Scavenger Receptor BI Induced by HDL From Coronary Heart Disease May Be Related to Atherosclerosis.,This study aims to determine whether dysfunctional High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) influenced the expression of scavenger receptor class B type Ⅰ (SR-B1) to determine reverse cholesterol transport. Blood samples obtained from coronary heart disease patients confirmed by angiography were collected. HDL was extracted from the blood,Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis,2021,Fen Gao; Gao-Jie Feng; Hong Li; Wei-Wei Qin; Chuan-Shi Xiao,10.1177/10760296211029710,Journal Article,cholesterol,False,Fen Gao et al. (2021). Scavenger Receptor BI Induced by HDL From Coronary Heart Disease May Be Related to Atherosclerosis. Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34254531/
34867004,Logit model in prospective coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors prediction in Saudi population.,"Analysis through logistic regression explored to investigate the relationship between binary or multivariable ordinal response probability and in one or more explanatory variables. The main objectives of this study to investigate advanced prediction risk factor of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) using a logit model. Attempts made to reduce risk factors, increase public or professional awareness. Logit model used to evaluate the probability of a person develop CHD, considering any factors such as age, gender, high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, high blood pressure, family history of CHD younger than 45, diabetes, smoking, being post-menopausal for women and being older than 45 for men. Logit concept of brief statistics described with slight modification to estimate the parameters testing for the significance of the coefficients, confidence interval fits the simple, multiple logit models. Besides, interpretation of the fitted logit regression model introduced. Variables showing best results within the scientific context, good explanation data assessed to fit an estimated logit model containing chosen variables, this present experiment used the statistical inference procedure; chi-square distribution, likelihood ratio, Score, or Wald test and goodness-of-fit. Health promotion started with increased public or professional awareness improved for early detection of CHD, to reduce the risk of mortality, aimed to be Saudi vision by 2030.",Saudi journal of biological sciences,2021,Sawsan Babiker; Yousif Eltayeb; Neveen Sayed-Ahmed; Sitalnesa Abdelhafeez; El Shazly Abdul Khalik; M Saif AlDien; Omaima Nasir,10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.089,Journal Article,cholesterol,False,Sawsan Babiker et al. (2021). Logit model in prospective coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors prediction in Saudi population. Saudi journal of biological sciences.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34867004/
33174095,Plants Used as Antihypertensive.,"Hypertension is a critical health problem and worse other cardiovascular diseases. It is mainly of two types: Primary or essential hypertension and Secondary hypertension. Hypertension is the primary possibility feature for coronary heart disease, stroke and renal vascular disease. Herbal medicines have been used for millions of years for the management and treatment of hypertension with minimum side effects. Over aim to write this review is to collect information on the anti-hypertensive effects of natural herbs in animal studies and human involvement as well as to recapitulate the underlying mechanisms, from the bottom of cell culture and ex-vivo tissue data. According to WHO, natural herbs/shrubs are widely used in increasing order to treat almost all the ailments of the human body. Plants are the regular industrial units for the invention of chemical constituents, they used as immunity booster to enhance the natural capacity of the body to fight against different health problems as well as herbal medicines and food products also. Eighty percent population of the world (around 5.6 billion people) consume medicines from natural plants for major health concerns. This review provides a bird's eye analysis primarily on the traditional utilization, phytochemical constituents and pharmacological values of medicinal herbs used to normalize hypertension i.e. Hibiscus sabdariffa, Allium sativum, Andrographis paniculata, Apium graveolens, Bidenspilosa, Camellia sinensis, Coptis chinensis, Coriandrum sativum, Crataegus spp., Crocus sativus, Cymbopogon citrates, Nigella sativa, Panax ginseng,Salviaemiltiorrhizae, Zingiber officinale, Tribulus terrestris, Rauwolfiaserpentina, Terminalia arjuna etc.",Natural products and bioprospecting,2021,Tarawanti Verma; Manish Sinha; Nitin Bansal; Shyam Raj Yadav; Kamal Shah; Nagendra Singh Chauhan,10.1007/s13659-020-00281-x,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Tarawanti Verma et al. (2021). Plants Used as Antihypertensive. Natural products and bioprospecting.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33174095/
32867647,Mutations of mtDNA in some Vascular and Metabolic Diseases.,"The present review article considers some chronic diseases of vascular and metabolic genesis, the causes of which may be mitochondrial dysfunction. Very often, in the long course of the disease, complications may occur, leading to myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke and, as a result, death. In particular, a large percentage of human deaths nowadays belongs to cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease (CHD), arterial hypertension, cardiomyopathies, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present review was the analysis of literature sources, devoted to an investigation of a link of mitochondrial DNA mutations with chronic diseases of vascular and metabolic genesis. The analysis of literature indicates the association of the mitochondrial genome mutations with coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and various types of cardiomyopathies. The detected mutations can be used to analyze the predisposition to chronic diseases of vascular and metabolic genesis. They can also be used to create molecular-cell models necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of drugs developed for the treatment of these pathologies. MtDNA mutations associated with the absence of diseases of vascular and metabolic genesis could be potential candidates for gene therapy of the said diseases.",Current pharmaceutical design,2021,Margarita A Sazonova; Anastasia I Ryzhkova; Vasily V Sinyov; Marina D Sazonova; Tatiana V Kirichenko; Natalya A Doroschuk; Vasily P Karagodin; Alexander N Orekhov; Igor A Sobenin,10.2174/1381612826999200820162154,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review",diabetes; hypertension,False,Margarita A Sazonova et al. (2021). Mutations of mtDNA in some Vascular and Metabolic Diseases. Current pharmaceutical design.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32867647/
34575833,Molecular Interactions of Arterial Hypertension in Its Target Organs.,"Arterial hypertension (AH) is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. It is estimated that the disease affects between 10% and 20% of the adult population and is responsible for 5.8% of all deaths worldwide. Several pathophysiologic factors are crucial in AH, including inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, oxidative stress and inflammation. The heart, kidney, brain, retina and arterial blood vessels are prime targets of hypertensive damage. Uncontrolled and untreated AH accelerates the damage to these organs and could cause their failure. Damage to these organs could also manifest as coronary heart disease, cognitive impairment, retinopathy or optic neuropathy. For better understanding, it is important to analyze molecular factors which take part in pathogenesis of AH and hypertension-related target organ damage. In our paper, we would like to focus on molecular interactions of AH in the heart, blood vessels, brain and kidneys. We focus on matrix metalloproteinases, the role of immune system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and oxidative stress in hypertensive induced organ damage.",International journal of molecular sciences,2021,Joanna Kućmierz; Weronika Frąk; Ewelina Młynarska; Beata Franczyk; Jacek Rysz,10.3390/ijms22189669,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Joanna Kućmierz et al. (2021). Molecular Interactions of Arterial Hypertension in Its Target Organs. International journal of molecular sciences.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34575833/
33478246,Novel Insights Regarding Nitric Oxide and Cardiovascular Diseases.,"Nitric oxide (NO) is a powerful mediator with biological activities such as vasodilation and prevention of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation as well as functional regulation of cardiac cells. Thus, impaired production or reduced bioavailability of NO predisposes to the onset of different cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Alterations in the redox balance associated with excitation-contraction coupling have been identified in heart failure (HF), thus contributing to contractile abnormalities and arrhythmias. For its ability to influence cell proliferation and angiogenesis, NO may be considered a therapeutic option for the management of several CV diseases. Several clinical studies and trials investigated therapeutic NO strategies for systemic hypertension, atherosclerosis, and/or prevention of in stent restenosis, coronary heart disease (CHD), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and HF, although with mixed results in long-term treatment and effective dose administered in selected groups of patients. Tadalafil, sildenafil, and cinaguat were evaluated for the treatment of PAH, whereas vericiguat was investigated in the treatment of HF patients with reduced ejection fraction. Furthermore, supplementation with hydrogen sulfide, tetrahydrobiopterin, and nitrite/nitrate has shown beneficial effects at the vascular level.",Angiology,2021,Teresa Infante; Dario Costa; Claudio Napoli,10.1177/0003319720979243,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Teresa Infante et al. (2021). Novel Insights Regarding Nitric Oxide and Cardiovascular Diseases. Angiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33478246/
33168155,Cardiovascular complications of acromegaly.,"Acromegaly is a chronic disease due to growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) excess. It is associated with various systemic complications including cardiovascular disease. Arterial hypertension occurs in about 20% to 30% of patients. Its pathogenesis is mainly related to the increase in plasma volume secondary to a sodium retaining actions of GH and IGF-1 in the kidney, but abnormalities in vessel architecture and reactivity participate. Left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunctions were frequently reported in echo-based studies and are mostly mild and without clinical consequences. Recent cardiac MRI studies described a much lower frequency of myocardial hypertrophy than echo-based assessments. Progression to systolic dysfunction with congestive heart failure is nowadays very rare. Risk of coronary heart disease and of clinically significant arrythmias does not seem to be increased. Acromegaly-related cardiac valve abnormalities may be related to fibrotic changes and seem to persist after effective treatment of acromegaly. Advances in acromegaly treatment over the last decades significantly diminished the cardiovascular burden of the disease, with the cardiovascular disease anymore being the leading cause of death.",Annales d'endocrinologie,2021,Peter Kamenický; Luigi Maione; Philippe Chanson,10.1016/j.ando.2020.03.010,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Peter Kamenický et al. (2021). Cardiovascular complications of acromegaly. Annales d'endocrinologie.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33168155/
34749891,The Influence of Obesity on Care of Adults with Cardiovascular Disease.,"Obesity is a strong independent predictor of cardiovascular disease. In this article, we briefly review the physiologic effects of obesity on the cardiovascular system, discuss how obesity influences history taking, physical assessment, diagnostic testing, and treatment of patients with common cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, and chronic heart failure. Implications for nursing practice will be shared with a focus on lifestyle modifications to be included in patient education.",The Nursing clinics of North America,2021,Leslie L Davis; Melissa Z Nolan,10.1016/j.cnur.2021.07.002,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Leslie L Davis et al. (2021). The Influence of Obesity on Care of Adults with Cardiovascular Disease. The Nursing clinics of North America.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34749891/
34172039,Prevalence of diabetes and hypertension and their interaction effects on cardio-cerebrovascular diseases: a cross-sectional study.,"Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are two of the major risk factors for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs). Although prior studies have confirmed that the coexistence of the two can markedly increase the risk of CVDs, few studies investigated whether potential interaction effects of hypertension and diabetes can result in greater cardio-cerebrovascular damage. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes and whether they both affect synergistically the risk of CVDs. A cross-sectional study was conducted by using a multistage stratified random sampling among communities in Changsha City, Hunan Province. Study participants aged > = 18 years were asked to complete questionnaires and physical examinations. Multivariate logistic regression models were performed to evaluate the association of diabetes, hypertension, and their multiplicative interaction with CVDs with adjustment for potential confounders. We also evaluated additive interaction with the relative excess risk ratio (RERI), attribution percentage (AP), synergy index (SI). A total of 14,422 participants aged 18-98 years were collected (men = 5827, 40.7%). The prevalence was 22.7% for hypertension, 7.0% for diabetes, and 3.8% for diabetes with hypertension complication, respectively. Older age, women, higher educational level, unmarried status, obesity (central obesity) were associated with increased risk of hypertension and diabetes. We did not find significant multiplicative interaction of diabetes and hypertension on CVDs, but observed a synergistic additive interaction on coronary heart disease (SI, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.03-1.97; RERI, 1.94; 95% CI, 0.05-3.83; AP, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.06-0.46). Diabetes and hypertension were found to be associated with a significantly increased risk of CVDs and a significant synergistic additive interaction of diabetes and hypertension on coronary heart disease was observed. Participants who were old, women, highly educated, unmarried, obese (central obese) had increased risk of diabetes and hypertension.",BMC public health,2021,Zhehui Wang; Tubao Yang; Hanlin Fu,10.1186/s12889-021-11122-y,Journal Article,diabetes; hypertension,False,Zhehui Wang et al. (2021). Prevalence of diabetes and hypertension and their interaction effects on cardio-cerebrovascular diseases: a cross-sectional study. BMC public health.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34172039/
35232912,IL-34 and coronary heart disease complicated with diabetes mellitus.,"Coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus are closely related to chronic low-grade inflammation. Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is a new member of the interleukin family discovered in recent years. It is involved in the pathophysiological process of mononuclear phagocyte system mainly via binding to colony stimulating factor-1 receptor, and it is closely related to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. IL-34 is highly expressed in patients with coronary heart disease or diabetes mellitus. IL-34 induces atherosclerosis and insulin resistance through multiple pro-inflammatory actions, ultimately leading to the occurrence and development of coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and their comorbidities.",Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences,2021,Huiqing Liu; Fengbiao Jin; Qinglian Li; Yu Gao; Xiaoteng Liu; Ruitian Hou,10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2021.200797,Journal Article,diabetes,False,Huiqing Liu et al. (2021). IL-34 and coronary heart disease complicated with diabetes mellitus. Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35232912/
34204153,"The Emerging Roles of Chromogranins and Derived Polypeptides in Atherosclerosis, Diabetes, and Coronary Heart Disease.","Chromogranin A (CgA), B (CgB), and C (CgC), the family members of the granin glycoproteins, are associated with diabetes. These proteins are abundantly expressed in neurons, endocrine, and neuroendocrine cells. They are also present in other areas of the body. Patients with diabetic retinopathy have higher levels of CgA, CgB, and CgC in the vitreous humor. In addition, type 1 diabetic patients have high CgA and low CgB levels in the circulating blood. Plasma CgA levels are increased in patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease, and heart failure. CgA is the precursor to several functional peptides, including catestatin, vasostatin-1, vasostatin-2, pancreastatin, chromofungin, and many others. Catestatin, vasostain-1, and vasostatin-2 suppress the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human vascular endothelial cells. Catestatin and vasostatin-1 suppress oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced foam cell formation in human macrophages. Catestatin and vasostatin-2, but not vasostatin-1, suppress the proliferation and these three peptides suppress the migration in human vascular smooth muscles. Chronic infusion of catestatin, vasostatin-1, or vasostatin-2 suppresses the development of atherosclerosis of the aorta in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Catestatin, vasostatin-1, vasostatin-2, and chromofungin protect ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial dysfunction in rats. Since pancreastatin inhibits insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells, and regulates glucose metabolism in liver and adipose tissues, pancreastatin inhibitor peptide-8 (PSTi8) improves insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis. Catestatin stimulates therapeutic angiogenesis in the mouse hind limb ischemia model. Gene therapy with secretoneurin, a CgC-derived peptide, stimulates postischemic neovascularization in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, and improves diabetic neuropathy in db/db mice. Therefore, CgA is a biomarker for atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease. CgA- and CgC--derived polypeptides provide the therapeutic target for atherosclerosis and ischemia-induced tissue damages. PSTi8 is useful in the treatment of diabetes.",International journal of molecular sciences,2021,Takuya Watanabe,10.3390/ijms22116118,Journal Article; Review,diabetes,False,"Takuya Watanabe et al. (2021). The Emerging Roles of Chromogranins and Derived Polypeptides in Atherosclerosis, Diabetes, and Coronary Heart Disease. International journal of molecular sciences.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34204153/
33158931,"Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, Coronary Heart Disease, and Stroke.","Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease; however, whether the relationship is causal is uncertain. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization study to investigate the associations of PCOS with type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke. Association between PCOS and diabetes risk was examined in European and Asian cohorts, both sex specific and sex combined. Causal effects of PCOS on risks of CHD and stroke were evaluated in European cohorts. Stroke was analyzed as any stroke as well as four subtypes of stroke (ischemic, large artery, cardioembolic, small vessel). We found no association of genetically predicted PCOS with risk of diabetes, CHD, or stroke. This suggests that PCOS in and of itself does not increase the risk of these outcomes. Other features of PCOS (obesity, elevated testosterone, low sex hormone binding globulin) may explain the association between PCOS and cardiometabolic diseases. In light of these results, efforts to prevent cardiometabolic complications in PCOS should focus on women with high-risk features rather than all women with PCOS.",Diabetes,2021,Tiantian Zhu; Jinrui Cui; Mark O Goodarzi,10.2337/db20-0800,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",diabetes,False,"Tiantian Zhu et al. (2021). Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, Coronary Heart Disease, and Stroke. Diabetes.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33158931/
34285139,Endothelial microparticle-associated protein disulfide isomerase increases platelet activation in diabetic coronary heart disease.,"Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) carrying the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) might play a key role in promoting platelet activation in diabetes. This study aimed to examine the activation of platelets, the amounts of MPs, PMPs, and EMPs, and the concentration and activity of PDI in patients with diabetic coronary heart disease (CHD) and non-diabetic CHD. Patients with CHD (n=223) were divided as non-diabetic CHD (n=121) and diabetic CHD (n=102). Platelet activation biomarkers, circulating microparticles (MPs), the concentration of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and MP-PDI activity were determined. The effect of EMPs on platelet activation was investigated Platelet activation, platelet-leukocyte aggregates, circulating MPs, EMPs, PDI, and MP-PDI activity in the diabetic CHD group were significantly higher than in the non-diabetic CHD group ( In diabetic patients with CHD, platelet activation was significantly high. Diabetes and heart rate <60 bpm were associated with elevated EMPs and simultaneously increased PDI activity on EMP, activating platelets through the allosteric GPIIb/IIIa receptors.",Aging,2021,Xiao-Di Sun; Lu Han; Hong-Tao Lan; Ran-Ran Qin; Ming Song; Wei Zhang; Ming Zhong; Zhi-Hao Wang,10.18632/aging.203316,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",diabetes,False,Xiao-Di Sun et al. (2021). Endothelial microparticle-associated protein disulfide isomerase increases platelet activation in diabetic coronary heart disease. Aging.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34285139/
34481974,Targeting the microRNAs in exosome: A potential therapeutic strategy for alleviation of diabetes-related cardiovascular complication.,"Diabetes-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global health issue that causes thousands of people's death around the world annually. Diabetes-related CVD is still prevailing despite the progression being made in its diagnosis and treatment. Therefore it is urgent to find therapeutic strategies.to prevent it. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a single-stranded non-coding RNA involved in the process of post-transcriptional control of gene expression in eukaryotes. A large number of literatures reveal that miRNAs are implicated in diabetes-related CVD. The increase of miRNAs in exosomes may promote the occurrence and development of diabetes-related cardiovascular complication. However, some other studies identify that miRNAs in exosomes are supposed to be involved in cardiac regeneration and confer cardiac protection effect. Therefore, targeting the miRNA in exosome is regarded as a potent therapeutic measure to alleviate diabetes-related CVD. In this article, we review current knowledge about the role of exosomal miRNAs in diabetes-related cardiovascular complication, such as coronary heart disease, Peripheral artery disease, stroke, diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy. Exosomal miRNAs are considered to be central regulators of diabetes-Related CVD and provide a therapeutic tool for diagnosis and treatment of diabetes-related cardiovascular complication.",Pharmacological research,2021,Simin Zhao; Hengquan Wang; Haiqiang Xu; Yao Tan; Chi Zhang; Qian Zeng; Lingyun Liu; Shunlin Qu,10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105868,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review",diabetes,False,Simin Zhao et al. (2021). Targeting the microRNAs in exosome: A potential therapeutic strategy for alleviation of diabetes-related cardiovascular complication. Pharmacological research.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34481974/
34618872,Trajectories of body mass index and risk for coronary heart disease: A 38-year follow-up study.,"Obesity is a well-known risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), but there is little evidence on the effect of long-term trajectories of body mass index (BMI) over the life course. By using repeated assessments, the aim was to study the risk of CHD in adults during 38 years in different trajectories of BMI. A sample of 2129 men and women, aged 20-59 years at baseline, took part in four repeated interviews between 1980 and 2005. Data on BMI, medical history, lifestyle and socioeconomy were collected. Based on the World Health Organization categories of BMI, life course trajectories of stable normal weight, stable overweight, stable obesity, increasing BMI and fluctuating BMI were created. The individuals were followed through national registers for first hospitalization of CHD (389 events) until the end of 2017, and Hazard Ratios (HRs) were calculated, adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic factors, lifestyle factors and metabolic comorbidities. Stable normal weight in all assessments was the reference group. Those who had an increase in BMI from normal weight in the first assessment to overweight or obesity in later assessments had no increased risk of CHD, HR 1.04 (95% CI: 0.70-1.53). The HR for individuals with fluctuating BMI was 1.25 (0.97-1.61), for stable overweight 1.43 (1.03-1.98), for stable obesity 1.50 (0.92-2.55), and for stable overweight or obesity 1.45 (1.07-1.97), after full adjustments. Having a stable overweight or obesity throughout adult life was associated with increased CHD risk but changing from normal weight at baseline to overweight or obesity was not associated with increased CHD risk. Prevention of obesity early in life may be particularly important to reduce CHD risk.",PloS one,2021,Susanna Calling; Sven-Erik Johansson; Veronica Milos Nymberg; Jan Sundquist; Kristina Sundquist,10.1371/journal.pone.0258395,Journal Article,bmi,False,Susanna Calling et al. (2021). Trajectories of body mass index and risk for coronary heart disease: A 38-year follow-up study. PloS one.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34618872/
34202365,Serum Metabolomics in PCOS Women with Different Body Mass Index.,"Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorder, affecting 5-10% of women of reproductive age. It results from complex environmental factors, genetic predisposition, hyperinsulinemia, hormonal imbalance, neuroendocrine abnormalities, chronic inflammation, and autoimmune disorders. PCOS impacts menstrual regularities, fertility, and dermatological complications, and may induce metabolic disturbances, diabetes, and coronary heart disease. Comprehensive metabolic profiling of patients with PCOS may be a big step in understanding and treating the disease. The study aimed to search for potential differences in metabolites concentrations among women with PCOS according to different body mass index (BMI) in comparison to healthy controls. We used broad-spectrum targeted metabolomics to evaluate metabolites' serum concentrations in PCOS patients and compared them with healthy controls. The measurements were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with the triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry technique, which has highly selective multiple reaction monitoring modes. The main differences were found in glycerophospholipid concentrations, with no specific tendency to up-or down-regulation. Insulin resistance and elevated body weight influence acylcarnitine C2 levels more than PCOS itself. Sphingomyelin (SM) C18:1 should be more intensively observed and examined in future studies and maybe serve as one of the PCOS biomarkers. No significant correlations were observed between anthropometric and hormonal parameters and metabolome results.",Journal of clinical medicine,2021,Katarzyna Ożegowska; Szymon Plewa; Urszula Mantaj; Leszek Pawelczyk; Jan Matysiak,10.3390/jcm10132811,Journal Article,bmi,False,Katarzyna Ożegowska et al. (2021). Serum Metabolomics in PCOS Women with Different Body Mass Index. Journal of clinical medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34202365/
34463132,Polygenic Risk Score to Identify Subclinical Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Young Adults.,"Polygenic risk scores (PRS) may enhance risk stratification for coronary heart disease among young adults. Whether a coronary heart disease PRS improves prediction beyond modifiable risk factors in this population is not known. Genotyped adults aged 18 to 35 years were selected from the CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults; n=1132) and FOS (Framingham Offspring Study; n=663). Systolic blood pressure, total and HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, triglycerides, smoking, and waist circumference or body mass index were measured at the visit 1 exam of each study, and coronary artery calcium, a measure of coronary atherosclerosis, was assessed at year 15 (CARDIA) or year 30 (FOS). A previously validated PRS for coronary heart disease was computed for each subject. The C statistic and integrated discrimination improvement were used to compare improvements in prediction of elevated coronary artery calcium between models containing the PRS, risk factors, or both. There were 62 (5%) and 93 (14%) participants with a coronary artery calcium score >20 (CARDIA) and >300 (FOS), respectively. At these thresholds, the C statistic changes of adding the PRS to a risk factor-based model were 0.015 (0.004-0.028) and 0.020 (0.001-0.039) in CARDIA and FOS, respectively. When adding risk factors to a PRS-based model, the respective changes were 0.070 (0.033-0.109) and 0.051 (0.017-0.079). The integrated discrimination improvement, when adding the PRS to a risk factor model, was 0.027 (-0.006 to 0.054) in CARDIA and 0.039 (0.0005-0.072) in FOS. Among young adults, a PRS improved model discrimination for coronary atherosclerosis, but improvements were smaller than those associated with modifiable risk factors.",Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine,2021,Quinn S Wells; Minoo Bagheri; Aaron W Aday; Deepak K Gupta; Christian M Shaffer; Wei-Qi Wei; Nataraja Sarna Vaitinadin; Sadiya S Khan; Philip Greenland; Thomas J Wang; C Michael Stein; Dan M Roden; Jonathan D Mosley,10.1161/CIRCGEN.121.003341,"Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",bmi,False,Quinn S Wells et al. (2021). Polygenic Risk Score to Identify Subclinical Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Young Adults. Circulation. Genomic and precision medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34463132/
34963447,Elevated circulating high-sensitivity cardiac troponin t and cardiac remodeling in obesity.,"It is well established that body mass index (BMI) and troponins are independently associated. However, whether the obesity could cause myocardial injury independent of coronary heart disease (CHD) remains unclear. This study focuses on the relationship between BMI and troponins, and whether this relationship is being attenuated when CHD is accounted for. In populations without acute ischemic events, 383 patients with coronary artery stenosis less than 75% were included, that is, people who have not yet reached the indications for coronary intervention, and of them 70 patients being obese according to BMI ≥ 28 kg/m The circulating hs-cTnT level was higher in the obese group [8(6,11) ng/L vs. 6(4,9) ng/L; p < 0.001). In subgroup analysis based on the presence or absence of coronary heart disease(CHD), the adjusted β(95%CI) for circulating hs-cTnT exhibited a proportional relationship with BMI when the non-obesity were defined as the reference[β; 2.22(95%CI, 0.73 to 3.71) in non-CHD, 5.58(95%CI, 0.70 to 10.46) in CHD, p < 0.05]. Additionally, the degree of coronary stenosis has shown a positive correlation with circulating hs-cTnT (rho = 0.1162; p < 0.05). When CHD is taken into account, obesity is independently associated to the elevation of circulating hs-cTnT, a biomarker of myocardial injury, potentially indicating the impact of obesity on non-ischemic subclinical myocardial injury.",BMC cardiovascular disorders,2021,Jiaojiao Huang; Ming Liu; Enyong Su; Peng Yu; Hong Jiang; Ji Zhao; Junbo Ge,10.1186/s12872-021-02445-0,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",bmi,False,Jiaojiao Huang et al. (2021). Elevated circulating high-sensitivity cardiac troponin t and cardiac remodeling in obesity. BMC cardiovascular disorders.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34963447/
33980955,Association of weight fluctuation with cardiovascular disease risk among initially obese adults.,"The association of fluctuations in body mass index with cardiovascular risk in long-term is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate cardiovascular outcomes of weight fluctuation. Total of 67,101 obese adults from the Korean National Health Insurance Service who received health examinations in three separate biennial periods were included. Participants were followed up from January 1, 2008 to the date of cardiovascular disease, death, or December 31, 2015, and categorized into 9 distinctive groups according to the BMI. Continuous weight gain showed an increased risk of overall cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio [HR], 2.36; P = 0.007), whereas weight loss after weight maintenance (HR, 0.91; P = 0.016) and weight maintenance after weight loss (HR, 0.91; P = 0.004) were ameliorative compared to the no weight change group. As for coronary heart disease, weight maintenance after weight gain was unfavorable (HR, 1.25; P = 0.004) while weight loss after weight maintenance (HR, 0.82; P < 0.001), weight cycling (HR, 0.83; P = 0.043), and weight maintenance after weight loss (HR, 0.88; P = 0.012) were beneficial. Weight maintenance after weight loss is beneficial for obese adults in terms of cardiovascular risks. In addition, weight loss is in part related to reduced risk of coronary heart disease despite weight cycling.",Scientific reports,2021,Seogsong Jeong; Seulggie Choi; Jooyoung Chang; Kyuwoong Kim; Sung Min Kim; Seo Yun Hwang; Joung Sik Son; Gyeongsil Lee; Sang Min Park,10.1038/s41598-021-89666-7,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",bmi,False,Seogsong Jeong et al. (2021). Association of weight fluctuation with cardiovascular disease risk among initially obese adults. Scientific reports.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33980955/
33778659,An Update on Coronary Artery Calcium Interpretation at Chest and Cardiac CT.,"Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a marker of overall coronary atherosclerotic burden in an individual. As such, it is an important tool in cardiovascular risk stratification and preventive treatment of asymptomatic patients with unclear cardiovascular disease risk. Several guidelines have recommended the use of CAC testing in shared decision making between the clinician and patient. With recent updates in clinical management guidelines and broad recommendations for CAC, there is a need for concise updated information on CAC interpretation on traditional electrocardiographically gated scans and nongated thoracic scans. Important points to report when interpreting CAC scans include: the absolute Agatston score and the age, sex, and race-specific CAC percentile; general recommendations on time-to-rescan for individuals with a CAC score of 0; the number of vessels with CAC; the presence of CAC in the left main coronary artery; and specific highlighting of individuals with very high CAC scores of greater than 1000. When risk factor information is available, the 10-year coronary heart disease risk can also be easily assessed using the free online Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis risk score calculator. Recent improvements in standardizing the reporting of CAC findings across gated and nongated studies, such as the CAC Data and Reporting System, show promise for improving the widespread clinical value of CAC in clinical practice. © RSNA, 2021.",Radiology. Cardiothoracic imaging,2021,Olufunmilayo H Obisesan; Albert D Osei; S M Iftekhar Uddin; Omar Dzaye; Michael J Blaha,10.1148/ryct.2021200484,Journal Article; Review,age,False,Olufunmilayo H Obisesan et al. (2021). An Update on Coronary Artery Calcium Interpretation at Chest and Cardiac CT. Radiology. Cardiothoracic imaging.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33778659/
33836805,DNA methylation and gene expression integration in cardiovascular disease.,"The integration of different layers of omics information is an opportunity to tackle the complexity of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and to identify new predictive biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. Our aim was to integrate DNA methylation and gene expression data in an effort to identify biomarkers related to cardiovascular disease risk in a community-based population. We accessed data from the Framingham Offspring Study, a cohort study with data on DNA methylation (Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip; Illumina) and gene expression (Human Exon 1.0 ST Array; Affymetrix). Using the MOFA2 R package, we integrated these data to identify biomarkers related to the risk of presenting a cardiovascular event. Four independent latent factors (9, 19, 21-only in women-and 27), driven by DNA methylation, were associated with cardiovascular disease independently of classical risk factors and cell-type counts. In a sensitivity analysis, we also identified factor 21 as associated with CVD in women. Factors 9, 21 and 27 were also associated with coronary heart disease risk. Moreover, in a replication effort in an independent study three of the genes included in factor 27 were also present in a factor identified to be associated with myocardial infarction (CDC42BPB, MAN2A2 and RPTOR). Factor 9 was related to age and cell-type proportions; factor 19 was related to age and B cells count; factor 21 pointed to human immunodeficiency virus infection-related pathways and inflammation; and factor 27 was related to lifestyle factors such as alcohol consumption, smoking and body mass index. Inclusion of factor 21 (only in women) improved the discriminative and reclassification capacity of the Framingham classical risk function and factor 27 improved its discrimination. Unsupervised multi-omics data integration methods have the potential to provide insights into the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. We identified four independent factors (one only in women) pointing to inflammation, endothelium homeostasis, visceral fat, cardiac remodeling and lifestyles as key players in the determination of cardiovascular risk. Moreover, two of these factors improved the predictive capacity of a classical risk function.",Clinical epigenetics,2021,Guillermo Palou-Márquez; Isaac Subirana; Lara Nonell; Alba Fernández-Sanlés; Roberto Elosua,10.1186/s13148-021-01064-y,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,False,Guillermo Palou-Márquez et al. (2021). DNA methylation and gene expression integration in cardiovascular disease. Clinical epigenetics.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33836805/
32828780,Cardiac Imaging for Coronary Heart Disease Risk Stratification in Chronic Kidney Disease.,"Chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined as dysfunction of the glomerular filtration apparatus, is an independent risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Patients with CKD are at a substantially higher risk of cardiovascular mortality compared with the age- and sex-adjusted general population with normal kidney function. The risk of CAD and mortality in patients with CKD is correlated with the degree of renal dysfunction including presence of microalbuminuria. A greater cardiovascular risk, albeit lower than for patients receiving dialysis, persists even after kidney transplantation. Congestive heart failure, commonly caused by CAD, also accounts for a significant portion of the cardiovascular-related events observed in CKD. The optimal strategy for the evaluation of CAD in patients with CKD, particularly before renal transplantation, remains a topic of contention spanning over several decades. Although the evaluation of coexisting cardiac disease in patients with CKD is desirable, severe renal dysfunction limits the use of radiographic and magnetic resonance contrast agents due to concerns regarding contrast-induced nephropathy and nephrogenic systemic sclerosis, respectively. In addition, many patients with CKD have extensive and premature (often medial) calcification disproportionate to the severity of obstructive CAD, thereby limiting the diagnostic value of computed tomography angiography. As such, echocardiography, non-contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance, nuclear myocardial perfusion, and metabolic imaging offer a variety of approaches to assess obstructive CAD and cardiomyopathy of advanced CKD without the need for nephrotoxic contrast agents.",JACC. Cardiovascular imaging,2021,Vasken Dilsizian; Henry Gewirtz; Thomas H Marwick; Raymond Y Kwong; Paolo Raggi; Mouaz H Al-Mallah; Charles A Herzog,10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.05.035,Journal Article; Review,age,False,Vasken Dilsizian et al. (2021). Cardiac Imaging for Coronary Heart Disease Risk Stratification in Chronic Kidney Disease. JACC. Cardiovascular imaging.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32828780/
34048731,"Self-reported alcohol consumption, carbohydrate deficient transferrin and risk of cardiovascular disease: The PREVEND prospective cohort study.","Self-reported alcohol consumption is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) is an established objective marker of excessive alcohol consumption, but data on its prospective association with CVD are lacking. We aimed to evaluate the associations of self-reported alcohol consumption and CDT (expressed as %CDT, a more reliable marker than absolute CDT levels) with CVD risk. In the PREVEND prospective study of 5,206 participants (mean age, 53 years; 47.7% males), alcohol consumption by self-reports, absolute CDT measured using the Siemens nephelometric assay and %CDT calculated as the percentage of total transferrin concentrations, were assessed at baseline. Alcohol consumption was classified into 5 categories: abstention (reference), light, light-moderate, moderate and heavy alcohol consumption.Hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals [CI]) for first CVD events were estimated. Mean (SD) of %CDT was 1.59 (0.54) %. During a median follow-up of 8.3 years, 326 first CVD events were recorded. Compared with abstainers, the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of CVD for light, light-moderate, moderate and heavy alcohol consumption were 0.66 (0.46-0.95), 0.83 (0.62-1.11), 0.83 (0.61-1.14) and 0.80 (0.48-1.36), respectively. Light alcohol consumption was associated with reduced coronary heart disease risk 0.62 (0.40-0.96), whereas light-moderate alcohol consumption was associated with reduced stroke risk 0.45 (0.24-0.83). The association of %CDT with CVD risk was not significant. Our findings confirm the established association between self-reported light to moderate alcohol consumption and reduced CVD risk. However, %CDT within the normal reference range may not be a risk indicator for CVD.",Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry,2021,Setor K Kunutsor; Daan Kremer; Michele F Eisenga; Eke G Gruppen; Martin H de Borst; Anneke C Muller Kobold; Jenny E Kootstra-Ros; Robin P F Dullaart; Stephan J L Bakker,10.1016/j.cca.2021.05.024,Journal Article,age,False,"Setor K Kunutsor et al. (2021). Self-reported alcohol consumption, carbohydrate deficient transferrin and risk of cardiovascular disease: The PREVEND prospective cohort study. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34048731/
34078663,Long-term Predictions of Incident Coronary Artery Calcium to 85 Years of Age for Asymptomatic Individuals With and Without Type 2 Diabetes.,"To examine the utility of repeated computed tomography (CT) coronary artery calcium (CAC) testing, we assessed risks of detectable CAC and its cardiovascular consequences in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes ages 45-85 years. We included 5,836 individuals (618 with type 2 diabetes, 2,972 without baseline CAC) from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. With logistic and Cox regression we evaluated the impact of type 2 diabetes, diabetes treatment duration, and other predictors on prevalent and incident CAC. We used time-dependent Cox modeling of follow-up data (median 15.9 years) for two repeat CT exams and cardiovascular events to assess the association of CAC at follow-up CT with cardiovascular events. For 45 year olds with type 2 diabetes, the likelihood of CAC at baseline was 23% vs. 17% for those without. Median age at incident CAC was 52.2 vs. 62.3 years for those with and without diabetes, respectively. Each 5 years of diabetes treatment increased the odds and hazard rate of CAC by 19% (95% CI 8-33) and 22% (95% CI 6-41). Male sex, White ethnicity/race, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and low serum creatinine also increased CAC. CAC at follow-up CT independently increased coronary heart disease rates. We estimated cumulative CAC incidence to age 85 years. Patients with type 2 diabetes develop CAC at a younger age than those without diabetes. Because incident CAC is associated with increased coronary heart disease risk, the value of periodic CAC-based risk assessment in type 2 diabetes should be evaluated.",Diabetes care,2021,Bart S Ferket; M G Myriam Hunink; Umesh Masharani; Wendy Max; Joseph Yeboah; Kirsten E Fleischmann,10.2337/dc20-1960,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,False,Bart S Ferket et al. (2021). Long-term Predictions of Incident Coronary Artery Calcium to 85 Years of Age for Asymptomatic Individuals With and Without Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes care.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34078663/
34625359,Associations of serum androgens with coronary heart disease and interaction with age: The Henan Rural Cohort Study.,"We aimed to investigate the associations of testosterone and androstenedione with coronary heart disease, and the interaction effect of testosterone or androstenedione and age on coronary heart disease. A total of 6178 participants were included in this study. Serum testosterone and androstenedione were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were used to assess the independent effects of testosterone and androstenedione on coronary heart disease. Interactive plots were employed to examine the interaction effects of testosterone or androstenedione with age on coronary heart disease. After adjusting for multiple variables, serum testosterone and androstenedione levels were negatively associated with coronary heart disease in males (tertile 3 vs tertile 1, odd ratio (OR) = 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.33, 0.96), and OR = 0.40, 95% CI (0.22, 0.74)). Per 1 unit increase in ln-testosterone and ln-androstenedione was associated with a 24% (OR = 0.76, 95% CI (0.63, 0.91)) and 30% (OR = 0.69, 95% CI (0.55, 0.86)) lower risk of coronary heart disease, respectively. Additionally, the positive association of age with coronary heart disease was attenuated by increasing concentrations of ln-testosterone and ln-androstenedione concentration in males. The results indicated that serum testosterone and androstenedione were negatively associated with coronary heart disease risk in Chinese rural males. To some extent, this study supports the application of hormone therapy in males with coronary heart disease, which can contribute to reducing the burden of coronary heart disease and related cardiovascular disease.","Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD",2021,Pengling Liu; Xue Liu; Dandan Wei; Luting Nie; Keliang Fan; Li Zhang; Lulu Wang; Xiaotian Liu; Jian Hou; Songcheng Yu; Linlin Li; Chongjian Wang; Wenqian Huo; Zhenxing Mao,10.1016/j.numecd.2021.08.025,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,False,"Pengling Liu et al. (2021). Associations of serum androgens with coronary heart disease and interaction with age: The Henan Rural Cohort Study. Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34625359/
34032140,Coronary Heart Disease Risk Associated with Primary Isolated Hypertriglyceridemia; a Population-Based Study.,"Background Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease but the association is often attributed to concomitant metabolic abnormalities. We investigated the epidemiology of primary isolated hypertriglyceridemia (PIH) and associated cardiovascular risk in a population-based setting. Methods and Results We identified adults with at least one triglyceride level ≥500 mg/dL between 1998 and 2015 in Olmsted County, Minnesota. We also identified age- and sex-matched controls with triglyceride levels <150 mg/dL. There were 3329 individuals with elevated triglyceride levels; after excluding those with concomitant hypercholesterolemia, a secondary cause of high triglycerides, age <18 years or an incomplete record, 517 patients (49.4±14.0 years, 72.0% men) had PIH (triglyceride 627.6±183.6 mg/dL). The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of PIH in adults was 0.80% (0.72-0.87); the diagnosis was recorded in 60%, 46% were on a lipid-lowering medication for primary prevention and a triglyceride level <150 mg/dL was achieved in 24.1%. The association of PIH with coronary heart disease was attenuated but remained significant after adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic, and conventional cardiovascular risk factors (hazard ratio [HR], 1.53; 95% CI, 1.06-2.20;",Journal of the American Heart Association,2021,Seyedmohammad Saadatagah; Ahmed K Pasha; Lubna Alhalabi; Harigopal Sandhyavenu; Medhat Farwati; Carin Y Smith; Christina M Wood-Wentz; Kent R Bailey; Iftikhar J Kullo,10.1161/JAHA.120.019343,"Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural",age,False,Seyedmohammad Saadatagah et al. (2021). Coronary Heart Disease Risk Associated with Primary Isolated Hypertriglyceridemia; a Population-Based Study. Journal of the American Heart Association.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34032140/
32869210,Ethnic and Gender Differences in 10-Year Coronary Heart Disease Risk: a Cross-Sectional Study in Hawai'i.,"Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the US. In Hawai'i, Filipinos and Native Hawaiians have the highest rates of CVD-related risk factors. CVD risk across these ethnic groups has not been examined. This cross-sectional study examines 10-year CVD risk as determined by the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) across ethnic groups in Hawai'i, controlling for clinical, demographic, and psychosocial factors. This study includes secondary data analysis of the Kohala Health Research Project dataset. All non-pregnant adults (≥ 18 years of age) who resided in the community of interest during the study period were eligible to participate with 1462 participants completing the clinical examination and surveys. This analysis included clinical, demographic, and psychosocial variables. Ethnic differences were examined using the chi-squared test and one-way ANOVA. Multiple linear regression on FRS was conducted and least square means of FRS were calculated. Data from 1146 individuals were analyzed. Participants were 44.4% Native Hawaiian, 15.4% Filipino, 15.3% Japanese, and 25% non-Hispanic White; 55.4% were female and had a mean age of 48.8 years. For males, the unadjusted Japanese mean FRS was significantly higher compared with the other ethnic groups. For females, Filipino and Japanese mean FRS were significantly higher compared with Native Hawaiians and non-Hispanic Whites. In the fully adjusted model, there were no ethnic group differences in FRS among males and Filipinos had significantly higher FRS compared with non-Hispanic White among females. This cross-sectional community-based epidemiological study examined ethnic differences in CVD risk after adjusting for age, depression, social support, and acculturation. The results suggest that some ethnic differences in CVD risk persist even after controlling for confounders but that recalibration of risk assessment is necessary.",Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities,2021,Claire Townsend Ing; Hyeong Jun Ahn; Rachel Kawakami; Andrew Grandinetti; Todd B Seto; Joseph Keawe'aimoku Kaholokula,10.1007/s40615-020-00851-2,Journal Article,age,False,Claire Townsend Ing et al. (2021). Ethnic and Gender Differences in 10-Year Coronary Heart Disease Risk: a Cross-Sectional Study in Hawai'i. Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32869210/
34175913,[Outpatient cardiac rehabilitation in coronary artery disease: impact on cardiovascular outcomes].,"Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a model of care proven to reduce recurrent cardiovascular events, new hospitalizations and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. The aim of this study was to describe ambulatory CR in Gualdo-Tadino, ASL1 of Perugia (Italy), analyzing the outcomes of this population at 1 year and in the medium-long term. The clinical instrumental characteristics and the outcome of patients referred to CR after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), angina, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), ischemic heart disease have been analyzed. Follow-up interval: 2005-2018. Average follow-up 4.9 ± 4.4 years/patient. Comorbidity, new events, and mortality have been analyzed. From a population of 1552, 1384 were selected with a history of coronary artery disease: age 64.6 ± 9.8 years; 17% female (mean age 67.6 ± 8.8 years); 13.2% elderly >75 years; 57.2% were referred for CR after STEMI, 17.1% after non-STEMI, 19.9% after angina or ischemic heart disease. Patients with CABG were 79 (5.7%), but treatment by CABG was used in 287 patients (20.7%) referred for STEMI, non-STEMI or angina. CR lasted on average about 3 weeks, followed by scheduled periodic visits every 6 months and every 1-2 years thereafter. At the last check, 82.4% of patients were on antiplatelets, 71.1% on beta-blockers, 75.8% on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor antagonists, 90.5% on statins or cholesterol-lowering agents, with the following secondary prevention targets: LDL cholesterol 87.5 ± 31.9 mg/dl (target <70 mg/dl in 30.4% of patients) and 78.9 ± 28.7 mg/dl (target <70 mg/dl in 37.2% of patients) in the whole population and in those enrolled since 2010, respectively; heart rate was 63.4 ± 10.8 bpm, systolic and diastolic blood pressure 128.3 ± 15.6/73.6 ± 8.6 mmHg, triglyceridemia 135.6 ± 73.6 mg/dl. Events during the overall follow-up were 156 reinfarctions in 136 patients, 341 coronary angioplasty procedures in 258 patients, angina in 99 patients, CABG in 60 patients, re-CABG in 7 patients, heart failure in 21 patients, stroke in 44 patients. At 1-year follow-up, 10.3% of patients had a new hospitalization for cardiovascular events (1.6%) or coronary angioplasty (8.7%). Peripheral vascular disease, diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure, analyzed in 627 patients in an average period of 6.5 years, increased by 11.0%, 5.3% and 4.8%, respectively. All-cause mortality over the entire period and at 1 year was 10.5% and 0.7%, respectively. Multivariate analysis shows that the probability of death increases in males, with age, left ventricular dysfunction, peripheral vascular disease, dyslipidemia and diabetes, while it decreases as the number of controls increases. The probability of reinfarction is higher in smoking patients, with renal insufficiency, vascular disease, neoplasms. The study highlights the efficacy of ambulatory CR programs and subsequent follow-up in the treatment of a population with coronary heart disease, risk factors and comorbidities. The increase of comorbidities, particularly peripheral vascular disease, diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure - along with the non-reduction of smoking - have significantly affected the outcome, despite the effective control of the other coronary risk factors.",Giornale italiano di cardiologia (2006),2021,Sara Mandorla; Odoardo Regni; Eleonora Giovagnoli; Massimo Cossignani,10.1714/3629.36108,Journal Article,age,False,Sara Mandorla et al. (2021). [Outpatient cardiac rehabilitation in coronary artery disease: impact on cardiovascular outcomes]. Giornale italiano di cardiologia (2006).,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34175913/
34334371,Impact of COVID-19 and Associated Preventive Measures on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in South Korea.,"During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, preventive measures mandated by government policies have included the closure of exercise facilities and movement restriction, which can lead to an unhealthy lifestyle. We investigated the effect of these preventive measures on metabolic parameters in individuals with cardiometabolic disorders. In this retrospective, observational study of patients who visited the hospital at least twice a year for the past 4 years, changes in cardiometabolic factors during the COVID-19 pandemic (2019-2020) were compared with changes in the same cohort at the same annual time points during the previous seasons of 2016-2019. A total of 1,485 individuals with a mean age of 61.8±11.7 years were included in the analyses. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of patients whose metabolic syndrome worsened increased significantly by 21% compared with the 2018-2019 season. Body mass index increased by 0.09±1.16 kg/m Nationwide strategies to maintain cardiometabolic health are necessary during contagious disease pandemics like COVID-19 to mitigate the adverse health effects of pandemic-preventative strategies.",Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome,2021,Minji Sohn; Bo Kyung Koo; Ho Il Yoon; Kyoung-Ho Song; Eu Suk Kim; Hong Bin Kim; Soo Lim,10.7570/jomes21046,Journal Article,age,False,Minji Sohn et al. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 and Associated Preventive Measures on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in South Korea. Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34334371/
34514816,Peripheral Blood Cytopenia and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality.,"Background Individual blood cell count abnormalities have been associated with cardiovascular disease and increased mortality. In this study, we defined a ""cytopenia phenotype,"" reflecting bone marrow hypoproliferation, to determine if peripheral blood cytopenia is associated with increased cardiovascular disease and mortality risk. Methods and Results Study participants were derived from a biracial observational cohort study, REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke), that enrolled 30 239 Black and White participants aged ≥45 years between 2003 and 2007. Median follow up was ≈9 years. The current study included 19 864 participants from REGARDS study (37.9% men, 40% Black participants) who have complete blood count available at study enrollment. We defined a cytopenia phenotype based on age-, sex-, and race-adjusted lowest fifth percentile of blood counts. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models estimated the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI of cytopenia for mortality and incident cardiovascular disease in adjusted models. Mean age of the study participants was 64 years (SD:9.7). The prevalence of cytopenia was 1.9% (n=378). Cytopenia was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.34-2.22) and cardiovascular disease mortality (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.11-2.29). Cytopenia was associated with stroke risk in Black but not White participants (HR, 1.96 versus 0.86;",Journal of the American Heart Association,2021,Radhika Gangaraju; Insu Koh; Marguerite R Irvin; Leslie Lange; Damon E Houghton; Diego Adrianzen Herrera; Monika Safford; Mary Cushman; Smita Bhatia; Neil A Zakai,10.1161/JAHA.121.020809,"Journal Article; Observational Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,False,Radhika Gangaraju et al. (2021). Peripheral Blood Cytopenia and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality. Journal of the American Heart Association.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34514816/
34743953,Prospective increases in depression symptoms and markers of inflammation increase coronary heart disease risk - The Whitehall II cohort study.,"Stress, inflammation, and depression are associated to coronary heart disease (CHD). However, how these constructs collectively contribute to CHD incidence is not well understood. For the first time, this study explored the concurrent relationship between workplace stress, depression symptomology and levels of low-grade inflammation with future CHD incidence. Data from the 5-year intervals at phase 5, 7, and 9 of the Whitehall II study (N = 8348, M The SEM empirically supported this proposed pathway and demonstrated excellent model fit, χ (72) = 3582.959, p < .001, CFI = 0.896, RMSEA = 0.076 (CI Increases in depression symptoms and fibrinogen levels may be good indicators of future CHD morbidity among older employees. Future research is encouraged to monitor negative affective states and the potential use of biobehavioural options to reduce depression and inflammation that may mitigate CHD risk.",Journal of psychosomatic research,2021,Stefan Piantella; Nico Dragano; Mathew Marques; Stuart J McDonald; Bradley J Wright,10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110657,"Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,False,Stefan Piantella et al. (2021). Prospective increases in depression symptoms and markers of inflammation increase coronary heart disease risk - The Whitehall II cohort study. Journal of psychosomatic research.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34743953/
32802468,Cardiovascular risk of smoking and benefits of smoking cessation.,"Smoking increases mortality from all causes and has a crucial role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Active smoking and secondhand smoke exposure determine more than 30% of coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality. The exact mechanisms of cardiovascular damages are not well known, but the detrimental effect of smoking on endothelial function has long been recognized. Smoking elicits oxidative processes, negatively affects platelet function, fibrinolysis, inflammation and vasomotor function; all these proatherogenic effects double the 10-year risk of fatal events in smokers compared to non smokers. An intriguing issue about smoking is the vulnerability of female gender. The mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is higher in female than male smokers and female smokers show a 25% higher risk of developing CHD than men with the same exposure to tobacco smoke. This female vulnerability seems to be related to genes involved in thrombin signaling. The effects of smoking cessation have also been extensively studied. Cessation at an early age (40 years) has an impressive 90% reduction in the excess risk of death. In this review we report recent data about the causal link between smoking and CVDs and about the benefits of smoking cessation.",Journal of thoracic disease,2020,Giuseppina Gallucci; Alfredo Tartarone; Rosa Lerose; Anna Vittoria Lalinga; Alba Maria Capobianco,10.21037/jtd.2020.02.47,Journal Article; Review,smoking,False,Giuseppina Gallucci et al. (2020). Cardiovascular risk of smoking and benefits of smoking cessation. Journal of thoracic disease.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32802468/
32099378,Second-Hand Smoke Exposure Among Coronary Heart Disease Patients.,"The objectives of this study were to assess second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure among coronary heart disease (CHD) patients at home, in transportation, workplace, public and social places; to examine the demographic factors that predict SHS exposure; and to investigate the relationship between SHS exposure and CHD complications, age at the time of diagnosis, and number of admissions in the last year. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used with a convenient sample of 400 CHD patients from three hospitals in Jordan. A modified version of the Smoking Scale for Adults (SS-A) was used. The percentage of SHS exposure was 64% in public places, 51.5% in social places, 48.5% in the household, 31% in transportation, while it was only 14.8% in the workplace. In addition, being male, employed, having a younger age and lower education significantly predicted higher exposure to SHS. Exposure to SHS was positively associated with CHD complications and the number of admissions, while it was negatively associated with the age at diagnosis with CHD. Collaboration is needed among all health care sectors to adopt educational strategies about SHS exposure and to activate policies to prohibit smoking in public places.",Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare,2020,Nesrin N Abu-Baker; Elham A Al-Jarrah; Mohammad Suliman,10.2147/JMDH.S238984,Journal Article,smoking,False,Nesrin N Abu-Baker et al. (2020). Second-Hand Smoke Exposure Among Coronary Heart Disease Patients. Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32099378/
32000781,Polygenic risk for coronary heart disease acts through atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes.,"Type 2 diabetes increases the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), yet the mechanisms involved remain poorly described. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) provide an opportunity to understand risk factors since they reflect etiologic pathways from the entire genome. We therefore tested whether a PRS for CHD influenced risk of CHD in individuals with type 2 diabetes and which risk factors were associated with this PRS. We tested the association of a CHD PRS with CHD and its traditional clinical risk factors amongst individuals with type 2 diabetes in UK Biobank (N = 21,102). We next tested the association of the CHD PRS with atherosclerotic burden in a cohort of 352 genome-wide genotyped participants with type 2 diabetes who had undergone coronary angiograms. In the UK Biobank we found that the CHD PRS was strongly associated with CHD amongst individuals with type 2 diabetes (OR per standard deviation increase = 1.50; p = 1.5 × 10 Polygenic predisposition to CHD is strongly associated with atherosclerotic burden in individuals with type 2 diabetes and this effect is largely independent of traditional clinical risk factors. This suggests that genetic risk for CHD acts through atherosclerosis with little effect on most traditional risk factors, providing the opportunity to explore new biological pathways.",Cardiovascular diabetology,2020,Tianyuan Lu; Vincenzo Forgetta; Oriana H Y Yu; Lauren Mokry; Madeline Gregory; George Thanassoulis; Celia M T Greenwood; J Brent Richards,10.1186/s12933-020-0988-9,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",hypertension; smoking,False,Tianyuan Lu et al. (2020). Polygenic risk for coronary heart disease acts through atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes. Cardiovascular diabetology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32000781/
33259522,Tobacco smoking and risk of all-cause mortality in Indonesia.,"Tobacco is well known as a risk factor for early morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the relative risk of mortality and the effects of smoking vary among the countries. Indonesia, as one of the world's largest market for smoking tobacco, is significantly affected by tobacco-related illness. Previous research has shown that smoking causes several diseases, including stroke, neoplasm and coronary heart disease. There has to date been no research on the hazard risk of smoking for all-cause mortality in Indonesia. This study aimed to identify the association between smoking and all-cause mortality rates in Indonesia. Information from a total of 3,353 respondents aged 40 years and older was collected in this study. The data were taken from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) Wave 4 (2007) to collect personal information and determine smoking status and from Wave 5 (2015) to collect information about deaths. Current smokers make up 40.3% of Indonesia's population. Current smokers were more likely to have a higher risk of all-cause death (hazard ratio = 1.48, 95% confidence interval = 1.11 to 1.98) than non-current smokers. The number of smokers in Indonesia remains high and is expected to increase gradually every year. A firm government policy is needed to reduce the number of smokers in Indonesia which would automatically reduce the health problem of smoking-related illness in the future.",PloS one,2020,Holipah Holipah; Hikmawan Wahyu Sulistomo; Asri Maharani,10.1371/journal.pone.0242558,Journal Article,smoking,False,Holipah Holipah et al. (2020). Tobacco smoking and risk of all-cause mortality in Indonesia. PloS one.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33259522/
32642187,Management of cardiovascular comorbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.,"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is а highly prevalent, complex and heterogeneous clinical condition which is associated with significant concomitant diseases. COPD and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) often coexist due to the high prevalence of each of these pathological conditions separately as well as the common risk factors (particularly smoking), mechanisms of interaction and influence of systemic inflammation. In addition, decreased pulmonary function in COPD is closely associated with an increased risk of congestive CVDs. One of the most important pathophysiological markers of COPD-lung hyperinflation-plays a significant role in the appearance of functional limitations of the pumping function of the heart, creating unfavorable conditions by exerting a compression effect on the heart muscle. The latter was confirmed by significant correlation between the COPD severity according to GOLD classification and the basic dimensions of the heart chambers. Several decades ago, the term ""microcardia"" was commonly used and indicated a radiological sign of emphysema. Some studies demonstrated a close relationship between the chance of occurrence of CVD and the severity of pulmonary dysfunction. Such an association has been demonstrated for the whole spectrum of CVD-including cerebrovascular disease, congestive heart failure (CHF) and rhythm disturbances-and was detected in the early stages of the disease. A large proportion of patients with mild and moderate COPD die due to CVD, which is much more likely than deaths in the same group due to respiratory insufficiency. COPD patients have a higher rate of hospitalization and death, the cause of which are coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and CHF. Treatment of COPD today is mainly determined by national and international clinical guidelines, which should pay more attention to the problems of the treatment of COPD patients with comorbid conditions.",Journal of thoracic disease,2020,Zaurbek Aisanov; Nikolai Khaltaev,10.21037/jtd.2020.03.60,Journal Article; Review,smoking,False,Zaurbek Aisanov et al. (2020). Management of cardiovascular comorbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Journal of thoracic disease.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32642187/
32090477,Waist circumference increases risk of coronary heart disease: Evidence from a Mendelian randomization study.,"This study investigated whether expanding waist circumference (WC) is causally associated with an elevated risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study through integrating summarized data from genome-wide association study. The data included in this analysis were mainly from the Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits (GIANT), Consortium and Coronary Artery Disease Genome wide Replication, and Meta-analysis plus the Coronary Artery Disease (C4D) Genetics (CARDIoGRAMplusC4D) Consortium. Three statistical approaches, inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger regression method were conducted to assess the casual relationship. The exposure was WC, measured by 46 single-nucleotide polymorphisms from GIANT and the outcome was the risk of CHD. Then, we used the genetic data from Neale Lab and TAG to infer whether WC causally affected the established risk factors of CHD. The IVW method presented that genetically predicted WC was positively casually associated with CHD (odds ratio [OR]: 1.57, 95% CI = 1.33-1.84; p = 4.81e-08), which was consistent with the result of weighted median and MR-Egger regression. MR-Egger regression indicated that there was no directional horizontal pleiotropy to violate the MR assumption. Additionally, expanded WC was also associated with higher risk of hypertension and diabetes, higher cholesterol, more smoking intensity, and decreased frequency of physical activity. Our analysis provided strong evidence to indicate a causal relationship between WC and increased risk of CHD.",Molecular genetics & genomic medicine,2020,Qinchang Chen; Lingling Li; Junzhe Yi; Kai Huang; Runnan Shen; Ridong Wu; Chen Yao,10.1002/mgg3.1186,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",smoking,False,Qinchang Chen et al. (2020). Waist circumference increases risk of coronary heart disease: Evidence from a Mendelian randomization study. Molecular genetics & genomic medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32090477/
32130248,Risk of coronary heart disease in the rural population in Xinjiang: A nested case-control study in China.,"Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a chronic complex disease caused by a combination of factors such as lifestyle behaviors and environmental and genetic factors. We conducted this study to evaluate the risk factors affecting the development of CHD in Xinjiang, and to obtain valuable information for formulating appropriate local public health policies. We conducted a nested case-control study with 277 confirmed CHD cases and 554 matched controls. The association of the risk factors with the risk of CHD was assessed using the multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. Multiplicative interactions were evaluated by entering interaction terms in the Cox proportional hazard model. The additive interactions among the risk factors were assessed by the index of additive interaction. The risk of CHD increased with frequent high-fat food consumption, dyslipidemia, obesity, and family history of CHD after adjustment for drinking, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, family history of hypertension, and family history of diabetes. We noted consistent interactions between family history of CHD and frequent high-fat food consumption, family history of CHD and obesity, frequent high-fat food consumption and obesity, frequent high-fat food consumption and dyslipidemia, and obesity and dyslipidemia. The risk of CHD events increased with the presence of the aforementioned interactions. Frequent high-fat food consumption, family history of CHD, dyslipidemia and obesity were independent risk factors for CHD, and their interactions are important for public health interventions in patients with CHD in Xinjiang.",PloS one,2020,Changjing Li; Rulin Ma; Xianghui Zhang; Jiaolong Ma; Xinping Wang; Jia He; Jingyu Zhang; Kui Wang; Yunhua Hu; Hongrui Pang; Lati Mu; Yizhong Yan; Yanpeng Song; Heng Guo; Shuxia Guo,10.1371/journal.pone.0229598,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",smoking,False,Changjing Li et al. (2020). Risk of coronary heart disease in the rural population in Xinjiang: A nested case-control study in China. PloS one.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32130248/
32762692,Contribution of CYP24A1 variants in coronary heart disease among the Chinese population.,"Cytochrome P450 (CYPs) participate in the mechanisms of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the contributions of CYP24A1 variants to coronary heart disease (CHD) among the Chinese Han population. This study included 505 CHD cases and 508 controls. Four variants of CYP24A1 (rs2762934, rs1570669, rs6068816 and rs2296241) were chosen and genotyped by the Agena MassARRAY system among the Chinese population. The linkage between CYP24A1 variants and CHD risk were assessed by logistic regression to compute the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Then, multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) was applied to analyze the interactions of CYP24A1 variants. The results of this study showed that CYP24A1 rs6068816 significantly enhanced CHD risk in multiple genetic models (allele: P = 0.014; codominant: P = 0.015; dominant: P = 0.043; recessive: P = 0.040; additive: P = 0.013), whereas rs2296241 was likely to protect individuals from CHD (codominant: P = 0.019; recessive: P = 0.013; additive: P = 0.033). Stratification analysis revealed that CYP24A1 polymorphisms had strong relationships with CHD risk that were dependent on age, sex, Gensini grade and smoking status (P < 0.05). Moreover, a four-locus model (rs2762934, rs1570669, rs6068816 and rs2296241) had significant impact on CHD risk in MDR analysis. It revealed that CYP24A1 variants were significantly linked with CHD susceptibility in the Chinese population.",Lipids in health and disease,2020,Peng Qian; Xuanchao Cao; Xianjing Xu; Mingqin Duan; Qian Zhang; Gairong Huang,10.1186/s12944-020-01356-x,Journal Article,smoking,False,Peng Qian et al. (2020). Contribution of CYP24A1 variants in coronary heart disease among the Chinese population. Lipids in health and disease.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32762692/
32442027,The effects of exercise training on lipid metabolism and coronary heart disease.,"Blood lipoproteins are formed by various amounts of cholesterol (C), triglycerides (TGs), phospholipids, and apolipoproteins (Apos). ApoA1 is the major structural protein of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), accounting for ~70% of HDL protein, and mediates many of the antiatherogenic functions of HDL. Conversely, ApoB is the predominant low-density lipoprotein (LDL) Apo and is an indicator of circulating LDL, associated with higher coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Thus, the ratio of ApoB to ApoA1 (ApoB/ApoA1) is used as a surrogate marker of the risk of CHD related to lipoproteins. Elevated or abnormal levels of lipids and/or lipoproteins in the blood are a significant CHD risk factor, and several studies support the idea that aerobic exercise decreases CHD risk by partially lowering serum TG and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and increasing HDL-C levels. Exercise also exerts an effect on HDL-C maturation and composition and on reverse C transport from peripheral cells to the liver to favor its catabolism and excretion. This process prevents atherosclerosis, and several studies showed that exercise training increases heart lipid metabolism and protects against cardiovascular disease. In these and other ways, it more and more appears that regular exercise, nutrition, and strategies to modulate lipid profile should be viewed as an integrated whole. The purpose of this review is to assess the effects of endurance training on the nontraditional lipid biomarkers, including ApoB, ApoA1, and ApoB/ApoA1, in CHD risk.",American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology,2020,Antonella Muscella; Erika Stefàno; Santo Marsigliante,10.1152/ajpheart.00708.2019,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review",cholesterol,False,Antonella Muscella et al. (2020). The effects of exercise training on lipid metabolism and coronary heart disease. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32442027/
33063240,The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Coronary Heart Disease.,"This review focuses on recent evidence examining the role gut microbiota play in coronary heart disease. It also provides a succinct overview of current and future therapies targeting the gut microbiota for coronary heart disease risk reduction. A consensus has been reached that differences exist in the gut microbiotas of patients with coronary heart disease. Studies have shown that the gut microbiota is associated with obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which are risk factors for coronary heart disease. The gut microbiota is involved in mediating basic metabolic processes, such as cholesterol metabolism, uric acid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammatory reactions, through its metabolites, which can induce the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Interfering with the composition of gut microbiota, supplementing probiotics, and fecal donation are active areas of research to potentially prevent and treat coronary heart disease. Gut microbiota are causally associated with coronary heart disease. We analyzed the gut microbiota's effects on risk factors for coronary heart disease and studied the effects of gut microbiota metabolites on coronary heart disease. Gut microbiota is a potential target for preventing and treating coronary heart disease.",Current atherosclerosis reports,2020,Huagang Liu; Junli Zhuang; Peng Tang; Jie Li; Xiaoxing Xiong; Hongping Deng,10.1007/s11883-020-00892-2,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol; diabetes; hypertension,False,Huagang Liu et al. (2020). The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Coronary Heart Disease. Current atherosclerosis reports.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33063240/
32020556,"The Rise and Fall ""ing"" of the HDL Hypothesis.","Earlier epidemiological studies have shown an inverse correlation between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) and coronary heart disease (CHD). This observation along with the finding that reverse cholesterol transport is mediated by HDL, supported the hypothesis that the HDL molecule has a cardioprotective role. More recently, epidemiological data suggest a U-shaped curve correlating HDLc and CHD. In addition, randomized clinical trials of drugs that significantly increase plasma HDLc levels, such as nicotinic acid and cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors failed to show a reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events. These observations challenge the hypothesis that HDL has a cardioprotective role. It is possible that HDL quality and function is optimal only when de novo synthesis of apo A-I occurs. Inhibition of turnover of HDL with currently available agents yields HDL molecules that are ineffective in reverse cholesterol transport. To test this hypothesis, newer therapeutic drugs that increase de novo production of HDL and apo A-I should be tested in clinical trials.",Drugs,2020,Julien J Feghaly; Arshag D Mooradian,10.1007/s40265-020-01265-4,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,"Julien J Feghaly et al. (2020). The Rise and Fall ""ing"" of the HDL Hypothesis. Drugs.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32020556/
32705598,Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin-Type 9 and Lipid Metabolism.,"Plasma levels of cholesterol, especially low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), are positively correlated with the risk of cardiovascular disease. Buildup of LDL in the intima promotes the formation of foam cells and consequently initiates atherosclerosis, one of the main underlying causes of cardiovascular disease. Hepatic LDL receptor (LDLR) is mainly responsible for the clearance of plasma LDL. Mutations in LDLR cause familiar hypercholesterolemia and increase the risk of premature coronary heart disease. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-type 9 (PCSK9) promotes LDLR degradation and thereby plays a critical role in the regulation of plasma cholesterol metabolism. PCSK9 can bind to LDLR and reroute the receptor to lysosomes for degradation, increasing both circulating LDL-C levels and the risk of cardiovascular disease. PCSK9 is mainly regulated by sterol response element binding protein 2 (SREBP2) at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, many proteins have been identified as interacting with PCSK9, regulating plasma cholesterol levels. Pharmacotherapeutic inhibition of PCSK9 dramatically reduces plasma levels of LDL cholesterol and significantly reduces cardiovascular events. In this article, we summarize the latest advances in PCSK9, mainly focusing on the structure, function, and regulation of the protein, the underlying molecular mechanisms, and its pharmacotherapeutic applications.",Advances in experimental medicine and biology,2020,Shoudong Guo; Xiao-Dan Xia; Hong-Mei Gu; Da-Wei Zhang,10.1007/978-981-15-6082-8_9,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,Shoudong Guo et al. (2020). Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin-Type 9 and Lipid Metabolism. Advances in experimental medicine and biology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32705598/
31325043,Residual inflammatory risk in coronary heart disease: incidence of elevated high-sensitive CRP in a real-world cohort.,"Inflammation drives atherosclerosis and its complications. Anti-inflammatory therapy with interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) antibody reduces cardiovascular events in patients with elevated high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP). This study aims to identify the share of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and residual inflammation who may benefit from anti-inflammatory therapy. hsCRP and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were determined in 2741 all-comers admitted to the cardiological ward of our tertiary referral hospital between June 2016 and June 2018. Patients without CHD, with acute coronary syndrome, chronic or recurrent systemic infection, use of immunosuppressant or anti-inflammatory agents, chronic inflammatory diseases, chemotherapy, terminal organ failure, traumatic injury and pregnancy were excluded. 856 patients with stable CHD were included. 42.7% of those had elevated hsCRP ≥ 2 mg/l. Within the group of patients with LDL-cholesterol < 70 mg/dl, 30.9% shared increased hsCRP indicating residual inflammation. After multivariate adjusted backward selection elevated Lipoprotein (a) (OR 1.61, p = 0.048), elevated proBNP (OR 2.57, p < 0.0001), smoking (OR 1.70, p = 0.022), and obesity (OR 2.28, p = 0.007) were associated with elevated hsCRP. In contrast, the use of ezetimibe was associated with normal hsCRP (OR 0.51, p = 0.014). In the subgroup of patients with on-target LDL-cholesterol < 70 mg/dl, backward selection identified elevated proBNP (OR 3.49, p = 0.007) as independent predictor of elevated hsCRP in patients with LDL-cholesterol < 70 mg/dl. One-third of all-comers patients with CHD showed increased levels of hsCRP despite a LDL-cholesterol < 70 mg/dl potentially qualifying for an anti-inflammatory therapy. Elevated proBNP is an independent risk factor for hsCRP elevation.",Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society,2020,Alexander Peikert; Klaus Kaier; Julian Merz; Lucas Manhart; Ibrahim Schäfer; Ingo Hilgendorf; Philipp Hehn; Dennis Wolf; Florian Willecke; Xia Sheng; Andreas Clemens; Manfred Zehender; Constantin von Zur Mühlen; Christoph Bode; Andreas Zirlik; Peter Stachon,10.1007/s00392-019-01511-0,Journal Article,cholesterol,False,Alexander Peikert et al. (2020). Residual inflammatory risk in coronary heart disease: incidence of elevated high-sensitive CRP in a real-world cohort. Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31325043/
32843934,"MicroRNA sequences modulating inflammation and lipid accumulation in macrophage ""foam"" cells: Implications for atherosclerosis.","Accumulation of macrophage ""foam"" cells, laden with cholesterol and cholesteryl ester, within the intima of large arteries, is a hallmark of early ""fatty streak"" lesions which can progress to complex, multicellular atheromatous plaques, involving lipoproteins from the bloodstream and cells of the innate and adaptive immune response. Sterol accumulation triggers induction of genes encoding proteins mediating the atheroprotective cholesterol efflux pathway. Within the arterial intima, however, this mechanism is overwhelmed, leading to distinct changes in macrophage phenotype and inflammatory status. Over the last decade marked gains have been made in understanding of the epigenetic landscape which influence macrophage function, and in particular the importance of small non-coding micro-RNA (miRNA) sequences in this context. This review identifies some of the miRNA sequences which play a key role in regulating ""foam"" cell formation and atherogenesis, highlighting sequences involved in cholesterol accumulation, those influencing inflammation in sterol-loaded cells, and novel sequences and pathways which may offer new strategies to influence macrophage function within atherosclerotic lesions.",World journal of cardiology,2020,Richard James Lightbody; Janice Marie Walsh Taylor; Yvonne Dempsie; Annette Graham,10.4330/wjc.v12.i7.303,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,"Richard James Lightbody et al. (2020). MicroRNA sequences modulating inflammation and lipid accumulation in macrophage ""foam"" cells: Implications for atherosclerosis. World journal of cardiology.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32843934/
30961498,Macrovascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.,"Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has emerged as a pandemic. It has different complications, both microvascular and macrovascular. The purpose of this review is to summarize the different types of macrovascular complications associated with T2DM. A comprehensive review of the literature was performed to identify clinical studies, which determine the macrovascular complications associated with T2DM. Macrovascular complications of T2DM include coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias and sudden death, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral artery disease. Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death in diabetic patients. Many clinical studies have shown a connection between T2DM and vascular disease, but almost always other risk factors are present in diabetic patients, such as hypertension, obesity and dyslipidaemia. T2DM causes a variety of macrovascular complications through different pathogenetic pathways that include hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance. The association between T2DM and cardiovascular disease is clear, but we need more clinical studies in order to identify the pure effect of T2DM.",Current vascular pharmacology,2020,Margus Viigimaa; Alexandros Sachinidis; Maria Toumpourleka; Konstantinos Koutsampasopoulos; Signe Alliksoo; Tiina Titma,10.2174/1570161117666190405165151,Journal Article; Review,diabetes; hypertension,False,Margus Viigimaa et al. (2020). Macrovascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Current vascular pharmacology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30961498/
32342456,Exercise and Hypertension.,"Hypertension is a fatal yet preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is responsible for majority of cardiovascular mortality. Hypertension is closely associated with inactive lifestyle. Physical activity and/or exercise are shown to delay development of hypertension. Both aerobic and resistance exercise have been proven to reduce blood pressure (BP) effectively. Since brisk walking is an easy, inexpensive, simple, and effective way of exercise, this type of an aerobic workout can be recommended to society. All professional organizations and government bodies recommend moderate-intensity aerobic exercise for at least 30 min on at least 3 days of the week or resistance exercise on 2-3 days of the week. Exercise sessions can either be continuous for 30 min or be composed of at least 10 min of short exercise duration to a daily total of 30 min. After an exercise session, BP decreases, and this decline continues for up to 24 h; which is called post-exercise hypotension. Overall 5 mmHg decrease in BP with regular exercise may be ensured. With a decrease of 5 mmHg in systolic BP, mortality due to coronary heart disease decreases by 9%, mortality due to stroke decreases by 14% and all-cause mortality decreases by 7%. Regular exercise should therefore be recommended for all individuals including normotensives, prehypertensives, and hypertensives.",Advances in experimental medicine and biology,2020,Şeref Alpsoy,10.1007/978-981-15-1792-1_10,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Şeref Alpsoy et al. (2020). Exercise and Hypertension. Advances in experimental medicine and biology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32342456/
32945769,"Prevalence of Multiple Chronic Conditions Among US Adults, 2018.","This analysis provides prevalence estimates of diagnosed single and multiple (≥2) chronic conditions among the noninstitutionalized, civilian US adult population. Data from the 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were used to estimate percentages for US adults by selected demographic characteristics. More than half (51.8%) of adults had at least 1 of 10 selected diagnosed chronic conditions (arthritis, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, current asthma, diabetes, hepatitis, hypertension, stroke, and weak or failing kidneys), and 27.2% of US adults had multiple chronic conditions.",Preventing chronic disease,2020,Peter Boersma; Lindsey I Black; Brian W Ward,10.5888/pcd17.200130,Journal Article,hypertension,False,"Peter Boersma et al. (2020). Prevalence of Multiple Chronic Conditions Among US Adults, 2018. Preventing chronic disease.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32945769/
32342457,Exercise and Coronary Heart Disease.,"Coronary artery disease (CAD) can be obstructive or nonobstructive. Patients with nonobstructive and stable angina pectoris are usually women. Nonobstructive CAD is caused by endothelial dysfunction at the microvascular level, such as cardiac syndrome X and coronary slow flow syndrome. Even if coronary anatomy is nonobstructive, the presence of myocardial ischemia is a major determinant for the exercise program. CAD is a chronic inflammatory disease, and the progression of the disease can lead to a rapid change in the functional capacity of CAD patients. Exercise training is a major component of cardiac rehabilitation and reduces cardiovascular mortality, morbidity, and rehospitalization as well as improves psychological stress and controls risk factors of CAD, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity. It is possible that the quality of life of patients with CAD can be improved by using appropriate exercise therapy. However, the exercise programs among CAD patients are highly underutilized. This chapter will summarize the research progress of exercise in the prevention and treatment of CAD as well as how to create safe exercise programs and the importance of exercise for patients with CAD. In addition, exercise training has fundamental beneficial effects on ischemic and nonischemic heart failure.",Advances in experimental medicine and biology,2020,Aydin Akyuz,10.1007/978-981-15-1792-1_11,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Aydin Akyuz et al. (2020). Exercise and Coronary Heart Disease. Advances in experimental medicine and biology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32342457/
33287462,Vitamin C and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update.,"The potential beneficial effects of the antioxidant properties of vitamin C have been investigated in a number of pathological conditions. In this review, we assess both clinical and preclinical studies evaluating the role of vitamin C in cardiac and vascular disorders, including coronary heart disease, heart failure, hypertension, and cerebrovascular diseases. Pitfalls and controversies in investigations on vitamin C and cardiovascular disorders are also discussed.","Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)",2020,Marco B Morelli; Jessica Gambardella; Vanessa Castellanos; Valentina Trimarco; Gaetano Santulli,10.3390/antiox9121227,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,"Marco B Morelli et al. (2020). Vitamin C and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland).",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33287462/
32402592,Association between mitochondrial DNA haplogroup variation and coronary artery disease.,"Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups have been associated with the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) in European populations. However, the specific mtDNA haplogroups associated with CAD have not been investigated in Chinese populations. Here, we carried out a case-control study including 1036 and 481 CAD patients and 973 and 511 geographically matched asymptomatic control subjects in southern and northern China, respectively. After adjusting for age and gender, our results indicated that mtDNA haplogroups are not associated with the occurrence of CAD and its subcategories, acute coronary syndromes and stable coronary heart disease, in both southern and northern Chinese populations. By focusing on the southern Chinese population, we further revealed that mtDNA haplogroups are not associated with CAD severity. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension are two key driving factors for the development of CAD, nonetheless, we found that the frequencies of the 12 studied mtDNA haplogroups did not differ between patients with and without T2D or hypertension. mtDNA haplogroups are not associated with the occurrence of CAD or its subcategories in Chinese populations. Other factors such as environment and nuclear genetic background may contribute to the occurrence of CAD.","Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD",2020,Fangyi Xiao; Meinan Li; Junyi Wang; Jiangtao Liu; Jin Li; Hezhi Fang; Jianxin Lyu; Lijun Shen,10.1016/j.numecd.2020.03.006,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",hypertension,False,"Fangyi Xiao et al. (2020). Association between mitochondrial DNA haplogroup variation and coronary artery disease. Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32402592/
30799548,Tachycardia: The hidden cardiovascular risk factor in uncomplicated arterial hypertension.,"Early detection and management of elevated blood pressure is crucial in reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The importance of an absolute risk assessment and patient risk stratification has been highlighted in the European hypertension guidelines since 2003. Amongst numerous risk factors influencing patient prognosis, elevated heart rate (HR) has been indicated as important predictor of future risk of hypertension, coronary heart disease, sudden cardiac death, heart failure, CVD, stroke, total cancer and mortality. Given that resting HR can be easily determined in clinical practice and modified by lifestyle changes as well as beta-blocker therapy, it seems reasonable that lowering resting HR should be a potential target to reduce disease burden and premature mortality. However, there is a lack of outcome studies of HR lowering in tachycardia-related hypertension. This review outlines the underlying mechanisms of early course hypertension pathophysiology with the critical role of the sympathetic nervous system activation, the prognostic significance of fast HR and the mechanistic rationale for the use of non-pharmacological approaches and/or highly long-acting cardioselective beta-blockers with some consideration given to betaxolol properties.",Cardiology journal,2020,Katarzyna Cierpka-Kmieć; Dagmara Hering,10.5603/CJ.a2019.0021,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Katarzyna Cierpka-Kmieć et al. (2020). Tachycardia: The hidden cardiovascular risk factor in uncomplicated arterial hypertension. Cardiology journal.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30799548/
32630530,"Angiotensin II, Hypercholesterolemia, and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: A Perfect Trio for Vascular Pathology.","Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western and developing world, and the incidence of cardiovascular disease is increasing with the longer lifespan afforded by our modern lifestyle. Vascular diseases including coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, and stroke comprise the majority of cardiovascular diseases, and therefore represent a significant medical and socioeconomic burden on our society. It may not be surprising that these conditions overlap and potentiate each other when we consider the many cellular and molecular similarities between them. These intersecting points are manifested in clinical studies in which lipid lowering therapies reduce blood pressure, and anti-hypertensive medications reduce atherosclerotic plaque. At the molecular level, the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is the target, integrator, and effector cell of both atherogenic and the major effector protein of the hypertensive signal Angiotensin II (Ang II). Together, these signals can potentiate each other and prime the artery and exacerbate hypertension and atherosclerosis. Therefore, VSMCs are the fulcrum in progression of these diseases and, therefore, understanding the effects of atherogenic stimuli and Ang II on the VSMC is key to understanding and treating atherosclerosis and hypertension. In this review, we will examine studies in which hypertension and atherosclerosis intersect on the VSMC, and illustrate common pathways between these two diseases and vascular aging.",International journal of molecular sciences,2020,Amanda St Paul; Cali B Corbett; Rachael Okune; Michael V Autieri,10.3390/ijms21124525,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,"Amanda St Paul et al. (2020). Angiotensin II, Hypercholesterolemia, and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: A Perfect Trio for Vascular Pathology. International journal of molecular sciences.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32630530/
32912117,Hypoglycaemia and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients with Diabetes.,"Hypoglycaemia represents an important side effect of insulin therapy and insulin secretagogues. It can occur in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Also, some associations between hypoglycaemia and cardiovascular (CV) risk have been reported. Several mechanisms may be involved, including the sympathoadrenal system, hypokalaemia, endothelial dysfunction, coagulation, platelets, inflammation, atherothrombosis and impaired autonomic cardiac reflexes. This narrative review discusses the associations of hypoglycaemia with CV diseases, including coronary heart disease (CHD), cardiac arrhythmias, stroke, carotid disease and peripheral artery disease (PAD), as well as with dementia. Severe hypoglycaemia has been related to CHD, CV and all-cause mortality. Furthermore, there is evidence supporting an association between hypoglycaemia and cardiac arrhythmias, potentially predisposing to sudden death. The data linking hypoglycaemia with stroke, carotid disease and PAD is limited. Several factors may affect the hypoglycaemia-CV relationships, such as the definition of hypoglycaemia, patient characteristics, co-morbidities (including chronic kidney disease) and antidiabetic drug therapy. However, the association between hypoglycaemia and dementia is bilateral. Both the disorders are more common in the elderly; thus, glycaemic goals should be carefully selected in older patients. Further research is needed to elucidate the impact of hypoglycaemia on CV disease.",Current pharmaceutical design,2020,Niki Katsiki; Kalliopi Kotsa; Anca P Stoian; Dimitri P Mikhailidis,10.2174/1381612826666200909142658,Journal Article; Review,diabetes,False,Niki Katsiki et al. (2020). Hypoglycaemia and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients with Diabetes. Current pharmaceutical design.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32912117/
31713488,Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Diabetes: An Update.,"The globalization of the Western lifestyle has resulted in increase of diabetes mellitus, a complex, multifactorial disease. Diabetes mellitus is a condition often related to the disorders of the cardiovascular system. It is well established that three quarters of diabetics, aged over 40, will die from cardiovascular disease and are more likely than non-diabetics to die from their first cardiovascular event. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to individualize treatment via risk stratification. Conditions that increase cardiovascular risk in people with diabetes include age more than 40 years, male gender, history of relative suffering from premature CHD, blood pressure and high LDL levels, presence of microalbuminuria, obstructive sleepapnea, erectile dysfunction and other conditions. Several models have been developed in order to assess cardiovascular risk in people with and without diabetes. Some of them have been proven to be inadequate while others are widely used for years. An emerging way of risk assessment in patients with diabetes mellitus is the use of biomarkers but a lot of research needs to be done in this field in order to have solid conclusions.",Current cardiology reviews,2020,Christos Damaskos; Nikolaos Garmpis; Paraskevi Kollia; Georgios Mitsiopoulos; Danai Barlampa; Athanasios Drosos; Alexandros Patsouras; Nikolaos Gravvanis; Vasileios Antoniou; Alexandros Litos; Evangelos Diamantis,10.2174/1573403X15666191111123622,Journal Article; Review,diabetes,False,Christos Damaskos et al. (2020). Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Diabetes: An Update. Current cardiology reviews.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31713488/
31830004,Structure-function relationships of HDL in diabetes and coronary heart disease.,"High-density lipoproteins (HDL) contain hundreds of lipid species and proteins and exert many potentially vasoprotective and antidiabetogenic activities on cells. To resolve structure-function-disease relationships of HDL, we characterized HDL of 51 healthy subjects and 98 patients with diabetes (T2DM), coronary heart disease (CHD), or both for protein and lipid composition, as well as functionality in 5 cell types. The integration of 40 clinical characteristics, 34 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) features, 182 proteins, 227 lipid species, and 12 functional read-outs by high-dimensional statistical modeling revealed, first, that CHD and T2DM are associated with different changes of HDL in size distribution, protein and lipid composition, and function. Second, different cellular functions of HDL are weakly correlated with each other and determined by different structural components. Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) was no proxy of other functions. Third, 3 potentially novel determinants of HDL function were identified and validated by the use of artificially reconstituted HDL, namely the sphingadienine-based sphingomyelin SM 42:3 and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-phospholipase D1 for the ability of HDL to inhibit starvation-induced apoptosis of human aortic endothelial cells and apolipoprotein F for the ability of HDL to promote maximal respiration of brown adipocytes.",JCI insight,2020,Mathias Cardner; Mustafa Yalcinkaya; Sandra Goetze; Edlira Luca; Miroslav Balaz; Monika Hunjadi; Johannes Hartung; Andrej Shemet; Nicolle Kränkel; Silvija Radosavljevic; Michaela Keel; Alaa Othman; Gergely Karsai; Thorsten Hornemann; Manfred Claassen; Gerhard Liebisch; Erick Carreira; Andreas Ritsch; Ulf Landmesser; Jan Krützfeldt; Christian Wolfrum; Bernd Wollscheid; Niko Beerenwinkel; Lucia Rohrer; Arnold von Eckardstein,10.1172/jci.insight.131491,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",diabetes,False,Mathias Cardner et al. (2020). Structure-function relationships of HDL in diabetes and coronary heart disease. JCI insight.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31830004/
32437307,Genetics Insights in the Relationship Between Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Heart Disease.,"Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). The major form of diabetes mellitus is type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), which is thus largely responsible for the CHD association in the general population. Recent years have seen major advances in the genetics of T2D, principally through ever-increasing large-scale genome-wide association studies. This article addresses the question of whether this expanding knowledge of the genomics of T2D provides insight into the etiologic relationship between T2D and CHD. We will investigate this relationship by reviewing the evidence for shared genetic loci between T2D and CHD; by examining the formal testing of this interaction (Mendelian randomization studies assessing whether T2D is causal for CHD); and then turn to the implications of this genetic relationship for therapies for CHD, for therapies for T2D, and for therapies that affect both. In conclusion, the growing knowledge of the genetic relationship between T2D and CHD is beginning to provide the promise for improved prevention and treatment of both disorders.",Circulation research,2020,Mark O Goodarzi; Jerome I Rotter,10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.316065,"Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review",diabetes,False,Mark O Goodarzi et al. (2020). Genetics Insights in the Relationship Between Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Heart Disease. Circulation research.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32437307/
32590801,Coronary heart disease is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients without hypertension and diabetes.,"This study was performed to explore the relationship between coronary heart disease (CHD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients without hypertension and diabetes with a focus on predicting CHD.In total, 78 consecutive patients without hypertension and diabetes who were suspected of CHD underwent coronary angiography (CAG) or computed tomography CAG. They were segregated into the CHD and non-CHD group according to the CAG or computed tomography angiography results. The Gensini score was calculated based on CAG results in the CHD group. All patients underwent ultrasonographic measurement of the liver, subcutaneous fat, and visceral fat thickness.The CHD and the Gensini score were significantly correlated with V1, V2, and NAFLD. As the grade of NAFLD increases, the Gensini score was increased. After correcting for confounding factors, NAFLD (B = 2.474, P < .001, 95% confidence interval: 3.32-42.406) and cholesterol (B = 1.176, P = 0.025, 95% confidence interval: 1.155-9.101) were predictor for CHD.The CHD is associated with NAFLD in the patients without hypertension and diabetes. The high-grade NAFLD may be predicted the risk of CHD in patients without hypertension and diabetes.",Medicine,2020,Zipeng Liu; Rufeng Wei; Yan Li,10.1097/MD.0000000000020898,Journal Article,diabetes,False,Zipeng Liu et al. (2020). Coronary heart disease is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients without hypertension and diabetes. Medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32590801/
32471345,The effects of body mass index on outcomes for patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement.,"Most of the studies of obesity and postoperative outcome have looked predominantly at coronary artery bypass grafting with fewer focused on valvular disease. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of patients undergoing aortic valve replacement stratified by body mass index (BMI, kg/m^2). The Alberta Provincial Project for Outcome Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease registry captured 4780 aortic valve replacements in Alberta, Canada from January 2004 to December 2018. All recipients were stratified by BMI into five groups (BMI: = 35). Log-rank test and Cox regression were used to examine the crude and adjusted survival differences. Intra-operative clamp time and pump time were similar among the five groups. Significant statistical differences between groups existed for the incidence of isolated AVR, AVR and CABG, hemorrhage, septic infection, and deep sternal infection (p < 0.05). While there was no significant statistical difference in the mortality rate across the BMI groups, the underweight AVR patients (BMI < 20) were associated with increased hazard ratio (1.519; 95% confidence interval: 1.028-2.245) with regards to all-cause mortality at the longest follow-up compared with normal weight patients. Overweight and obese patients should be considered as readily for AVR as normal BMI patients.",BMC cardiovascular disorders,2020,Keir Forgie; Sabin J Bozso; Yongzhe Hong; Colleen M Norris; Abdullah Ishaque; Richdeep S Gill; Darren H Freed; Michael C Moon; Jayan Nagendran; Jeevan Nagendran,10.1186/s12872-020-01528-8,"Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",bmi,False,Keir Forgie et al. (2020). The effects of body mass index on outcomes for patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement. BMC cardiovascular disorders.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32471345/
31787145,Age at menarche and heart failure risk: The EPIC-NL study.,"Early age at menarche has been reported to be associated with increased risks of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in adulthood, but a late menarche has also been found to be associated with an increased risk of CHD. Both T2D and CHD are important risk factors for developing heart failure (HF). We examined the relationship between age at menarche (AAM) and HF incidence in women from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition - Netherlands (EPIC-NL) cohort study. The EPIC-NL cohort comprised 28,504 women aged 20-70 years at baseline (1993-1997). Mean age at menarche was 13.3 (standard deviation 1.6) years. During a median follow-up of 15.2 years HF occurred in 631 women. Cox proportional hazard regression models, stratified by cohort and adjusted for potential confounders, were used to investigate the associations between AAM and HF incidence. After confounder adjustment, each year of older age at menarche was associated with a 5% lower risk of HF (hazard ratio 0.95 (95% CI, 0.91-1.00), p-value 0.048). Further adjusting for body mass index (BMI), prevalent CHD, hypertension, or prevalent T2D as potential mediators between early menarche and risk of HF attenuated the associations between AAM and risk of HF to non-significance. Older AAM reduced the risk of HF in this study. BMI, prevalent CHD, hypertension and prevalent T2D seemed to mediate this association. Future research with a longer follow-up should establish whether there is an independent effect of AAM on HF risk. Also, further phenotyping of HF cases is necessary to enable whether the associations differ for the various subtypes of HF.",Maturitas,2020,Mitchell V L Plompen; Yvonne T van der Schouw; Frans H Rutten; W M Monique Verschuren; Jolanda M A Boer; Folkert W Asselbergs; N Charlotte Onland-Moret,10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.10.003,Journal Article,bmi,False,Mitchell V L Plompen et al. (2020). Age at menarche and heart failure risk: The EPIC-NL study. Maturitas.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31787145/
32602794,24-h urinary sodium excretion and the risk of adverse outcomes.,"The objective was to evaluate whether sodium intake, assessed with the gold standard 24-h urinary collections, was related to long-term incidence of death, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). A cohort of 4630 individuals aged 25-64 years collected 24-h urine samples in 1979-2002 and were followed up to 14 years for the incidence of any CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, heart failure (HF) and DM event, and death. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between the baseline salt intake and incident events and adjusted for baseline age, body mass index, serum cholesterol, prevalent DM, and stratified by sex and cohort baseline year. During the follow-up, we observed 423 deaths, 424 CVD events (288 CHD events, 142 strokes, 139 HF events) and 161 DM events. Compared with the highest quartile of salt intake, persons in the lowest quartile had a lower incidence of CVD (hazard ratio [HR] 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51-0.95, High sodium intake is associated with an increased incidence of CVD and DM.",Annals of medicine,2020,Matti A Vuori; Kennet Harald; Antti Jula; Liisa Valsta; Tiina Laatikainen; Veikko Salomaa; Jaakko Tuomilehto; Pekka Jousilahti; Teemu J Niiranen,10.1080/07853890.2020.1780469,"Journal Article; Observational Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",bmi,False,Matti A Vuori et al. (2020). 24-h urinary sodium excretion and the risk of adverse outcomes. Annals of medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32602794/
32158260,Impact of the Body Mass Index on Hemorrhage After Surgery for Thyroid Cancer.,"To investigate the effects of different values of the body mass index (BMI) on postoperative hemorrhage (PH) in thyroid cancer (TC) and its clinical management. This retrospective cohort study selected 43 patients with hemorrhage after TC surgery in 7413 cases. Patients were divided based on the BMI (kg/m BMI ( Obesity is closely associated with PH in TC patients. Therefore, in obese patients, active prevention preoperatively, complete hemostasis intraoperatively, early detection and timely treatment postoperatively are the key factors to reduce PH risk.",Cancer management and research,2020,Peng Li; Ruihua Luo; Lanwei Guo; Wenlu Li; Jinxing Qi,10.2147/CMAR.S239264,Journal Article,bmi,False,Peng Li et al. (2020). Impact of the Body Mass Index on Hemorrhage After Surgery for Thyroid Cancer. Cancer management and research.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32158260/
32067578,Reducing the Population Burden of Coronary Heart Disease by Modifying Adiposity: Estimates From the ARIC Study.,"Background Excess adiposity, which affects 69% of US adults, increases coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in an association that manifests below conventional obesity cut points. The population-level impact on CHD risk that is attainable through modest adiposity reductions in populations is not well characterized. We estimated the effect of hypothetical reductions in both body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) on CHD incidence. Methods and Results The study population included 13 610 ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) participants. Our hypothetical reduction in BMI or WC was applied relative to the temporal trend, with no hypothetical reduction among those with BMI >24 or WC >88 cm, respectively. This threshold for hypothetical reduction is near the clinical guidelines for excess adiposity. CHD risk differences compared the hypothetical reduction with no reduction. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to estimate the effect of applying the hypothetical BMI reduction at the established overweight cut point of 25. Cumulative 12-year CHD incidence with no intervention was 6.3% (95% CI, 5.9-6.8%). Risk differences following the hypothetical BMI and WC reductions were -0.6% (95% CI, -1.0% to -0.1%) and -1.0% (95% CI, -1.4% to -0.5%), respectively. These results were robust for the sensitivity analyses. Consequently, we estimated that this hypothetical reduction of 5% in BMI and WC, respectively, could have prevented 9% and 16%, respectively, of the CHD events occurring in this study population over 12 years, after adjustment for established CHD risk factors. Conclusions Meaningful CHD risk reductions could derive from modest reductions in adiposity attainable through lifestyle modification.",Journal of the American Heart Association,2020,Kapuaola S Gellert; Alexander P Keil; Donglin Zeng; Catherine R Lesko; Ronald E Aubert; Christy L Avery; Pamela L Lutsey; Anna Maria Siega-Riz; B Gwen Windham; Gerardo Heiss,10.1161/JAHA.119.012214,"Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Observational Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural",bmi,False,Kapuaola S Gellert et al. (2020). Reducing the Population Burden of Coronary Heart Disease by Modifying Adiposity: Estimates From the ARIC Study. Journal of the American Heart Association.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32067578/
32685786,Anthropometry in the immunotherapy of cutaneous and ocular melanomas.,"The height of the adult individual is a balance of the expression of some genetic factors (especially the Y-M 170 haplotype of the Y chromosome) and the environment (nutrition and morbidity during childhood). Higher height is associated with a low risk of developing coronary heart disease, hypertension, gastroesophageal reflux, diaphragmatic hernia, but with a higher risk for atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism, intervertebral disc pathology, vasculitis and cancer. The research consisted of a retrospective observational study on patients who received immunotherapy (IT) with nivolumab for cutaneous and ocular melanoma neoplasms. We intended to highlight the associations between the duration of immunotherapy and sex profiles, age, anthropometric data (height, weight). Even though the number of available cases was relatively small (42), an inverse association between the body mass index of the subjects and the duration of immunotherapy could be proved, a more expressed association in case of male patients.",Romanian journal of ophthalmology,2020,Sorin Săftescu; Mihnea Munteanu; Dorel Popovici; Radu Dragomir; Maria Diana Dărăbuș; Alina Gabriela Negru; Șerban Mircea Negru,,Journal Article; Observational Study,bmi,False,Sorin Săftescu et al. (2020). Anthropometry in the immunotherapy of cutaneous and ocular melanomas. Romanian journal of ophthalmology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32685786/
31840854,"Hemoglobin levels and coronary heart disease risk by age, race, and sex in the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke study (REGARDS).","Higher and lower hemoglobin concentrations are associated with coronary heart disease (CHD), but whether this risk is consistent across age, sex, and race is unclear. The Reasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study is an observational cohort study of 30 239 black, and white, adults aged 45 and older recruited 2003-7. Participants were included if they had hemoglobin measures, were CHD-free at baseline, and had all baseline variables. The primary outcome was incident CHD. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for incident CHD by hemoglobin concentration. This was expressed as a continuous variable and divided into age-, sex-, and race-specific quintiles. The 16 332 participants were included, contributing 114 362 person-years of follow-up and 915 incident CHD events. The mean age was 63 years, 35% were male, 41% were black, and the mean baseline hemoglobin was 13.6 g/dL (SD 1.4). A significant non-linear association between hemoglobin and CHD was identified (P < .001). This association differed significantly by race (P = .025) but not by sex or age. In whites, the risk for incident CHD was higher in the lowest (HR 2.28, 95% CI 1.61, 3.33) and highest (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.35, 2.79) hemoglobin quintiles relative to the third quintile. For blacks, only those in the lowest hemoglobin quintile had an increased risk for incident CHD events (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.20, 2.41). Hemoglobin is an independent risk factor for CHD in whites and blacks but with different hemoglobin concentrations conferring different risks.",American journal of hematology,2020,Damon E Houghton; Insu Koh; Alicia Ellis; Nigel S Key; Daniel R Douce; George Howard; Mary Cushman; Monika Safford; Neil A Zakai,10.1002/ajh.25703,"Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Observational Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,False,"Damon E Houghton et al. (2020). Hemoglobin levels and coronary heart disease risk by age, race, and sex in the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke study (REGARDS). American journal of hematology.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31840854/
32021201,Inflammation and Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Patients with Depression in China Mainland: A Cross-Sectional Study.,"The risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) is higher than that in the general population. However, the mechanisms underlying the increased CHD risk in patients with MDD remain unclear. Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MDD and CHD. Therefore, we explored the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and CHD risk in patients with MDD. We included 454 patients with acute MDD and 458 controls that matched the sample in age and gender. A readily available complete blood count was used to reflect inflammation, and the risk of CHD was assessed using the Framingham risk score. The results showed that patients with MDD showed low-grade inflammation with an elevated platelet (p<0.001) and monocyte count (p<0.001), high platelet/lymphocyte (p=0.003) and monocyte/lymphocyte ratios (p<0.001), and a raised systemic immune-inflammation index (p=0.002). In addition, monocyte count was the only factor significantly associated with CHD risk in patients with MDD (B=7.521, 95% CI: 3.409-11.633, t=3.594, p<0.001). Collectively, the results of this study support the hypothesis that MDD is systemic inflammation, and suggest that monocyte count predicts the risk of CHD in patients with MDD.",Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment,2020,Lina Zhou; Xiancang Ma; Wei Wang,10.2147/NDT.S216389,Journal Article,age,False,Lina Zhou et al. (2020). Inflammation and Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Patients with Depression in China Mainland: A Cross-Sectional Study. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32021201/
32157955,"Soluble CD14, Ischemic Stroke, and Coronary Heart Disease Risk in a Prospective Study: The REGARDS Cohort.","Background Soluble CD14 (sCD14), a circulating pattern recognition receptor, has been suggested as a cardiovascular disease risk factor. Prospective studies evaluating sCD14 with incident cardiovascular disease events are limited, particularly among racially diverse populations. Methods and Results Between 2003 and 2007, the REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) study recruited 30 239 black and white participants across the United States. In a nested case-cohort study, sCD14 was measured in baseline serum from 548 cases of incident ischemic stroke, 612 cases of incident coronary heart disease (CHD), and a cohort random sample (n=1039). Cox models estimated hazards ratios (HR) of incident ischemic stroke or CHD per 1 SD higher sCD14, adjusting for cardiovascular disease risk factors. There was a differential association of sCD14 with ischemic stroke and CHD risk by race. Among blacks, the adjusted HR of stroke per SD increment of sCD14 was 1.42 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.80), with no association among whites (HR 1.02 [95% CI: 0.82, 1.27]). Higher sCD14 was associated with increased CHD risk in blacks but not whites, and relationships between sCD14 and CHD were stronger at younger ages. Adjusted for risk factors, the HR of CHD per SD higher sCD14 among blacks at age 45 years was 2.30 (95% CI: 1.45, 3.65) compared with 1.56 (95% CI: 0.94, 2.57) among whites. At age 65 years, the CHD HR was 1.51 (95% CI: 1.20, 1.91) among blacks and 1.02 (95% CI: 0.80, 1.31) among whites. Conclusions sCD14 may be a race-specific stroke and CHD risk marker.",Journal of the American Heart Association,2020,Nels C Olson; Insu Koh; Alex P Reiner; Suzanne E Judd; Marguerite R Irvin; George Howard; Neil A Zakai; Mary Cushman,10.1161/JAHA.119.014241,"Comparative Study; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural",age,False,"Nels C Olson et al. (2020). Soluble CD14, Ischemic Stroke, and Coronary Heart Disease Risk in a Prospective Study: The REGARDS Cohort. Journal of the American Heart Association.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32157955/
32669394,Cardiovascular risk factors and accelerated cognitive decline in midlife: The CARDIA Study.,"Increasing evidence supports an association between midlife cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) and risk of dementia, but less is known about whether CVRFs influence cognition in midlife. We examined the relationship between CVRFs and midlife cognitive decline. In 2,675 black and white middle-aged adults (mean age 50.2 ± 3.6 years, 57% female, 45% black), we measured CVRFs at baseline: hypertension (31%), diabetes mellitus (11%), obesity (43%), high cholesterol (9%), and current cigarette smoking (15%). We administered cognitive tests of memory, executive function, and processing speed at baseline and 5 years later. Using logistic regression, we estimated the association of CVRFs with accelerated cognitive decline (race-specific decline ≥1.5 SD from the mean change) on a composite cognitive score. Five percent (n = 143) of participants had accelerated cognitive decline over 5 years. Smoking, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were associated with an increased likelihood of accelerated decline after multivariable adjustment (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-2.71; AOR 1.87, 95% CI 1.26-2.75; AOR 2.45, 95% CI 1.54-3.88, respectively), while obesity and high cholesterol were not associated with risk of decline. These results were similar when stratified by race. The likelihood of accelerated decline also increased with greater number of CVRFs (1-2 CVRFs: AOR 1.77, 95% CI 1.02-3.05; ≥3 CVRFs: AOR 2.94, 95% CI 1.64-5.28) and with Framingham Coronary Heart Disease Risk Score ≥10 (AOR 2.29, 95% CI 1.21-4.34). Midlife CVRFs, especially hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking, are common and associated with accelerated cognitive decline at midlife. These results identify potential modifiable targets to prevent midlife cognitive decline and highlight the need for a life course approach to cognitive function and aging.",Neurology,2020,Kristine Yaffe; Amber L Bahorik; Tina D Hoang; Sarah Forrester; David R Jacobs; Cora E Lewis; Donald M Lloyd-Jones; Stephen Sidney; Jared P Reis,10.1212/WNL.0000000000010078,"Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural",age,False,Kristine Yaffe et al. (2020). Cardiovascular risk factors and accelerated cognitive decline in midlife: The CARDIA Study. Neurology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32669394/
32648923,Association of Apolipoprotein E in Lipoprotein Subspecies With Risk of Dementia.,"The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene and lower apolipoprotein E (apoE) protein levels in plasma are risk factors for Alzheimer disease, but the underlying biological mechanisms are not fully understood. Half of plasma apoE circulates on high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). Higher apoE levels in plasma HDL were previously found to be associated with lower coronary heart disease risk, but the coexistence of another apolipoprotein, apoC3, modified this lower risk. To investigate associations between the presence of apoE in different lipoproteins with cognitive function, particularly the risk of dementia. This prospective case-cohort study embedded in the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study (2000-2008) analyzed data from 1351 community-dwelling participants 74 years and older. Of this group, 995 participants were free of dementia at baseline (recruited from September 2000 to June 2002) and 521 participants were diagnosed with incident dementia during follow-up until 2008. Data analysis was performed from January 2018 to December 2019. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-measured concentration of apoE in whole plasma, HDL-depleted plasma (non-HDL), HDL, and HDL subspecies that contain or lack apoC3 or apoJ. Adjusted hazard ratios for risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease during follow-up and adjusted differences (β coefficients) in Alzheimer Disease Assessment-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-cog) and Modified Mini-Mental State Examination scores at baseline. Among 1351 participants, the median (interquartile range) age was 78 (76-81) years; 639 (47.3%) were women. The median (interquartile range) follow-up time was 5.9 (3.7-6.5) years. Higher whole plasma apoE levels and higher apoE levels in HDL were associated with better cognitive function assessed by ADAS-cog (whole plasma, β coefficient, -0.15; 95% CI, -0.24 to -0.06; HDL, β coefficient, -0.20; 95% CI, -0.30 to -0.10) but were unassociated with dementia or Alzheimer disease risk. When separated by apoC3, a higher apoE level in HDL that lacks apoC3 was associated with better cognitive function (ADAS-cog per SD: β coefficient, 0.17; 95% CI, -0.27 to -0.07; Modified Mini-Mental State Examination score per SD: β coefficient, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.42) and lower risk of dementia (hazard ratio per SD, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.99). In contrast, apoE levels in HDL that contains apoC3 were unassociated with any of these outcomes. In a prospective cohort of older adults with rigorous follow-up of dementia, the apoE level in HDL that lacked apoC3 was associated with better cognitive function and lower dementia risk. This finding suggests that the cardioprotective associations of this novel lipoprotein extend to dementia.",JAMA network open,2020,Manja Koch; Steven T DeKosky; Matthew Goodman; Jiehuan Sun; Jeremy D Furtado; Annette L Fitzpatrick; Rachel H Mackey; Tianxi Cai; Oscar L Lopez; Lewis H Kuller; Kenneth J Mukamal; Majken K Jensen,10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.9250,"Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,False,Manja Koch et al. (2020). Association of Apolipoprotein E in Lipoprotein Subspecies With Risk of Dementia. JAMA network open.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32648923/
31321439,National trends in total cholesterol obscure heterogeneous changes in HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio: a pooled analysis of 458 population-based studies in Asian and Western countries.,"Although high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-HDL cholesterol have opposite associations with coronary heart disease, multi-country reports of lipid trends only use total cholesterol (TC). Our aim was to compare trends in total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio in Asian and Western countries. We pooled 458 population-based studies with 82.1 million participants in 23 Asian and Western countries. We estimated changes in mean total, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio by country, sex and age group. Since ∼1980, mean TC increased in Asian countries. In Japan and South Korea, the TC rise was due to rising HDL cholesterol, which increased by up to 0.17 mmol/L per decade in Japanese women; in China, it was due to rising non-HDL cholesterol. TC declined in Western countries, except in Polish men. The decline was largest in Finland and Norway, at ∼0.4 mmol/L per decade. The decline in TC in most Western countries was the net effect of an increase in HDL cholesterol and a decline in non-HDL cholesterol, with the HDL cholesterol increase largest in New Zealand and Switzerland. Mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio declined in Japan, South Korea and most Western countries, by as much as ∼0.7 per decade in Swiss men (equivalent to ∼26% decline in coronary heart disease risk per decade). The ratio increased in China. HDL cholesterol has risen and the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio has declined in many Western countries, Japan and South Korea, with only a weak correlation with changes in TC or non-HDL cholesterol.",International journal of epidemiology,2020,,10.1093/ije/dyz099,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,False,Unknown et al. (2020). National trends in total cholesterol obscure heterogeneous changes in HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio: a pooled analysis of 458 population-based studies in Asian and Western countries. International journal of epidemiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31321439/
32802496,"Sex Difference in Risk Factors, GRACE Scores, and Management among Post-Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients in Sri Lanka.","To assess sex-based differences in the prevalence of risk factor, their management, and differences in the prognosis among acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Sri Lanka. Patients diagnosed with ACS were recruited from hospitals throughout the island. The Joint European Societies guidelines were used to assess recommended targets for coronary heart disease risk factors, and the GRACE score was used to assess the post-ACS prognosis. Age-adjusted regression was performed to calculate odds ratios for men versus women in risk factor control. A total of 2116 patients, of whom 1242 (58.7%) were men, were included. Significant proportion of women were nonsmokers; OR = 0.11 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.13). The prevalence of hypertension ( Smoking is significantly lower among Sri Lankan women diagnosed with ACS. However, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were more prevalent among them. There was no difference in primary and secondary preventive strategies and management in both sexes but could be further improved in both groups.",Cardiology research and practice,2020,Priyadarshani Galappatthy; Vipula Bataduwaarachchi; Priyanga Ranasinghe; Gamini Galappatthy; Upul Senerath; Chandrika Wijeyaratne; Ruwan Ekanayake,10.1155/2020/4560218,Journal Article,age,False,"Priyadarshani Galappatthy et al. (2020). Sex Difference in Risk Factors, GRACE Scores, and Management among Post-Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients in Sri Lanka. Cardiology research and practice.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32802496/
30568290,Aortic pulse wave velocity in individuals of Asian and African ancestry: the HELISUR study.,"Aortic pulse wave velocity has emerged as an important predictor of cardiovascular events, but data on ethnic differences in pulse wave velocity remain scarce. We explored differences in pulse wave velocity between people of Asian and African ancestry. Data were used from the cross-sectional Healthy Life in Suriname (HELISUR) study. Pulse wave velocity was estimated oscillometrically with the Arteriograph. We included 353 Asians and 364 Africans, aged respectively 44.9 (SD 13.5) and 42.8 (SD 14.1) years (p = 0.05). Crude median PWV was higher in Asians than in Africans (8.1 [IQR 6.9-10.1] m/s vs. 7.7 [IQR 6.5-9.3] m/s, p = 0.03), which was mainly attributable to an increased PWV in Asians ≥ 50 years (10.1 [IQR 8.7-11.8] m/s vs. 9.1 [IQR 7.9-11.3] m/s in Africans ≥50 years, p < 0.01). After adjustment for age and MAP in multivariable linear regression, Asians had a 1.044 [95% CI 1.019-1.072] m/s higher PWV compared to Africans. Additional adjustment for sex, glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, BMI, and waist circumference did not substantially change the difference in pulse wave velocity between Asians and Africans (+1.044 [95% CI 1.016-1.074] m/s for Asians vs. Africans). In conclusion, persons of Asian ancestry have a higher pulse wave velocity than those of African ancestry. This persisted after adjustment for important cardiovascular risk parameters, including age and blood pressure. The higher PWV found in Asians could be consistent with their increased coronary heart disease risk.",Journal of human hypertension,2020,Frederieke S Diemer; Se-Sergio M Baldew; Yentl C Haan; Fares A Karamat; Glenn P Oehlers; Gert A van Montfrans; Bert-Jan H van den Born; Ron J G Peters; Lenny M W Nahar-Van Venrooij; Lizzy M Brewster,10.1038/s41371-018-0144-0,Journal Article,age,False,Frederieke S Diemer et al. (2020). Aortic pulse wave velocity in individuals of Asian and African ancestry: the HELISUR study. Journal of human hypertension.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30568290/
31345423,"Cigarette Smoking, Smoking Cessation, and Long-Term Risk of 3 Major Atherosclerotic Diseases.","Public statements about the effect of smoking on cardiovascular disease are predominantly based on investigations of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, although smoking is recognized as a strong risk factor for peripheral artery disease (PAD). No study has comprehensively compared the long-term association of cigarette smoking and its cessation with the incidence of 3 major atherosclerotic diseases (PAD, CHD, and stroke). The aim of this study was to quantify the long-term association of cigarette smoking and its cessation with the incidence of the 3 outcomes. A total of 13,355 participants aged 45 to 64 years in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities) study without PAD, CHD, or stroke at baseline (1987 to 1989) were included. The associations of smoking parameters (pack-years, duration, intensity, and cessation) with incident PAD were quantified and contrasted with CHD and stroke using Cox models. Over a median follow-up of 26 years, there were 492 PAD cases, 1,798 CHD cases, and 1,106 stroke cases. A dose-response relationship was identified between pack-years of smoking and 3 outcomes, with the strongest results for PAD. The pattern was consistent when investigating duration and intensity separately. A longer period of smoking cessation was consistently related to lower risk of PAD, CHD, and stroke, but a significantly elevated risk persisted up to 30 years following smoking cessation for PAD and up to 20 years for CHD. All smoking measures showed significant associations with 3 major atherosclerotic diseases, with the strongest effect size for incident PAD. The risk due to smoking lasted up to 30 years for PAD and 20 years for CHD. Our results further highlight the importance of smoking prevention and early smoking cessation, and indicate the need for public statements to take PAD into account when acknowledging the impact of smoking on overall cardiovascular health.",Journal of the American College of Cardiology,2019,Ning Ding; Yingying Sang; Jingsha Chen; Shoshana H Ballew; Corey A Kalbaugh; Maya J Salameh; Michael J Blaha; Matthew Allison; Gerardo Heiss; Elizabeth Selvin; Josef Coresh; Kunihiro Matsushita,10.1016/j.jacc.2019.05.049,"Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural",smoking,False,"Ning Ding et al. (2019). Cigarette Smoking, Smoking Cessation, and Long-Term Risk of 3 Major Atherosclerotic Diseases. Journal of the American College of Cardiology.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31345423/
30684475,The Association of Water-Pipe Smoking and Coronary Artery Calcium in a Community-Based Sample.,"Water-pipe smoking is increasing in popularity, driven partly by a perception of reduced harm compared with cigarette smoking. This study evaluates the association of water-pipe smoking with coronary artery calcium (CAC), a marker of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, in a community-based sample. A total of 175 exclusive water-pipe smokers and 170 nonsmokers, ≥ 35 years of age, were recruited from the community in Lebanon and Qatar. Water-pipe smoking was assessed using a validated questionnaire. CAC score was assessed using multidetector CT scan. The association of water-pipe smoking with the presence and extent of CAC was evaluated using regression analyses adjusted for CHD risk factors. CAC was present in 41% of water-pipe smokers vs 28% of nonsmokers (P = .01), with an average CAC score ± SD of 90.6 ± 400.3 Agatston units (AUs) in water-pipe smokers and 52.4 ± 218.6 AUs in nonsmokers. In adjusted analyses, water-pipe smokers had significantly higher adjusted odds of having CAC (OR = 2.20; 95% CI, 1.20-4.01; P = .01) and being in the high CHD risk category defined by CAC > 300 AUs (OR = 3.41; 95% CI, 1.08-10.77; P = .04) or CAC > 75% of age, sex, and race-predicted (OR = 3.11; 95% CI, 1.55-6.24; P = .001) than nonsmokers. CAC extent was significantly associated with water-pipe smoking extent measured by smoking duration (β = 0.17/year; 95% CI, 0.05-0.29; P = .004) or the product of smoking duration and the number of water pipes smoked daily (β = 0.04/water-pipe-year; 95% CI, 0.003-0.07; P = .03). Exclusive water-pipe smoking was associated with the presence and extent of CAC, with twice the risk of having CAC and three times the risk of being in the high CHD risk category while accounting for other risk factors.",Chest,2019,Hassan A Chami; Hussain Isma'eel; Hani Tamim; Marwa Adawi; Mariam Al Kuwari; Ahmad Al Mullah,10.1016/j.chest.2019.01.010,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",smoking,False,Hassan A Chami et al. (2019). The Association of Water-Pipe Smoking and Coronary Artery Calcium in a Community-Based Sample. Chest.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30684475/
30576806,APOE hypermethylation is significantly associated with coronary heart disease in males.,"APOE is involved in exogenous and endogenous lipid metabolism and is a candidate gene for coronary heart disease (CHD). Using the SYBR-Green quantitative methylation-specific PCR method, we measured APOE methylation levels in 640 cases of CHD and 436 controls. Meanwhile, we used the Sequenom MassARRAY platform to genotype APOE rs7412 and rs7259620. In men, we found that CHD patients had significantly lower levels of APOE methylation than non-CHD controls (P = 0.044). In addition, rs7412-T and rs7259620-A were protective factors for CHD in males (rs7412-T: OR = 0.527, allele P = 0.004; rs7259620-A: OR = 0.743, allele P = 0.029). In the CHD group and the non-CHD control group, APOE methylation levels were inversely correlated with age (total patients: r = -0.015, P = 0.009, total controls: r = -0.185, P = 1E-04). In the female control group, the APOE methylation levels were inversely correlated with plasma APOA1 protein levels (female controls: r = -0.188, P = 0.008). In the total controls and female controls, APOE methylation levels were inversely correlated with plasma APOE protein levels (total controls: r = -0.110, P = 0.031, female controls: r = -0.188, P = 0.008). Our GDMR interaction analysis showed that there was an interaction between APOE methylation and rs7412 (P = 0.011). In addition, there was a significant interaction between APOE methylation, rs7259620, gender, smoking, LDL, TC, and APOE protein levels in the risk of CHD (P = 0.011). In summary, our research showed that the methylation of APOE was important for the risk of CHD in men.",Gene,2019,Huihui Ji; Cong Zhou; Ranran Pan; Liyuan Han; Weihua Chen; Xiaofeng Xu; Yi Huang; Tianyi Huang; Yuhao Zou; Shiwei Duan,10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.088,Journal Article,smoking,False,Huihui Ji et al. (2019). APOE hypermethylation is significantly associated with coronary heart disease in males. Gene.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30576806/
31571628,Association between reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentration & coronary heart disease.,"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) facilitates neuronal survival, differentiation and synaptic connectivity and affects neurotransmission throughout the brain. However, it has also a modulatory role in energy homeostasis, obesity and cardiovascular function. Obesity, high body mass index (BMI) and dyslipidaemia, among other factors, contribute to coronary heart disease (CHD) development. The exact role of BDNF in development of CHD is not well defined. This study was aimed to evaluate if plasma BDNF concentration was associated with CHD in ethnically homogeneous groups of patients and to correlate plasma BDNF levels with known risk factors for CHD. Plasma BDNF concentration, BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and other biological and anthropological risk factors for CHD were determined in 208 patients with CHD and 156 healthy controls. Plasma BDNF concentration was significantly (P <0.01) reduced in patients with CHD compared to controls, and it was not influenced by gender, age, smoking or BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. It was considerably correlated with cholesterol (P=0.004), low-density lipoprotein (P=0.006), and diastolic blood pressure (P=0.018) in patients with CHD and with platelet number (P=0.003) in healthy controls. The results revealed lower plasma BDNF concentration in patients with CHD, suggesting that decreased plasma BDNF concentration might be associated with CHD pathogenesis. Longitudinal studies with a large sample need to be conducted to confirm these findings.",The Indian journal of medical research,2019,Aleksandra Sustar; Matea Nikolac Perkovic; Gordana Nedic Erjavec; Dubravka Svob Strac; Nela Pivac,10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1566_17,Journal Article,bmi; smoking,False,Aleksandra Sustar et al. (2019). Association between reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentration & coronary heart disease. The Indian journal of medical research.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31571628/
30928231,Perfluoroalkyl substances are inversely associated with coronary heart disease in adults with diabetes.,"Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are environmentally and biologically persistent synthetic environmental contaminants linked to adverse health outcomes. Though null to modest inverse relationships between PFAS and coronary heart disease (CHD) have been reported, studies regarding relationships in high risk populations such as those with diabetes are sparse. We investigated the relationship of PFAS with CHD in persons with diabetes. Data on 5270 adults, aged ≥20 years, with diabetes were obtained from the C8 Health Project. Four PFAS were investigated separately: perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA). In logistic regression analyses adjusting for age, sex, diabetes duration, BMI, smoking, lipids, WBC, CRP, eGFR, uric acid, hemoglobin and iron, all PFAS were inversely associated with CHD, ORs (95% CIs): PFHxS; 0.72 (0.65-0.79), PFOA; 0.90 (0.81-0.96), PFOS; 0.90 (0.81-0.99), PFNA; 0.88 (0.76-1.02). Stratification by chronic kidney disease status revealed similar inverse relationships for those with and without chronic kidney disease. In this cross-sectional study of over 5000 adults with diabetes, PFAS showed inverse associations with CHD. These findings may, if confirmed in future studies, provide new physiologic understanding of CHD prevention strategies.",Journal of diabetes and its complications,2019,Kyoko Honda-Kohmo; Robert Hutcheson; Kim E Innes; Baqiyyah N Conway,10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2019.02.004,"Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural",smoking,False,Kyoko Honda-Kohmo et al. (2019). Perfluoroalkyl substances are inversely associated with coronary heart disease in adults with diabetes. Journal of diabetes and its complications.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30928231/
30968666,Review of the association between periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in smokers.,"Both periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are among the most common diseases associated with smoking. These conditions frequently present alongside comorbidities including diabetes, coronary heart disease, duodenal ulcer, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, osteoporosis and muscle atrophy. Chronic inflammation contributes to the pathology of both periodontitis and COPD, and in patients suffering from both conditions treatment of periodontitis may lead to relief from COPD symptoms as well. Smoking contributes to the underlying pathophysiology by causing local inflammation, increasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines and most importantly, by locally increasing the activity of proteolytic enzymes which degrade the extracellular matrix in both periodontal and lung interstitial tissue. The increase in protease activity and extracellular matrix degradation may explain why periodontitis and COPD comorbidity is so common, a finding which also indicates that therapeutic interventions targeting protease activity and the inflammatory response may be beneficial for both conditions.",Monaldi archives for chest disease = Archivio Monaldi per le malattie del torace,2019,Agathi Spiropoulou; Nicholas Zareifopoulos; Aggeliki Bellou; Konstantinos Spiropoulos; Lazaros Tsalikis,10.4081/monaldi.2019.1018,Journal Article; Review,smoking,False,Agathi Spiropoulou et al. (2019). Review of the association between periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in smokers. Monaldi archives for chest disease = Archivio Monaldi per le malattie del torace.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30968666/
30449373,Sex-Specific Differences in Risk Factors for Development of Heart Failure in Women.,"Sex specific differences exist in the impact of risk factors for the development of heart failure (HF). Addressing these differences can have an impact on prevention of HF. This article reviews sex-specific risk factors associated with development of HF. These risk factors include current smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and myocardial infarction. Other risks for HF are toxins, inflammation, and other chronic conditions, such as sleep breathing disorders, anemia, obesity, and renal insufficiency. Some of these risks factors present risk reduction opportunities that may improve outcomes.",Heart failure clinics,2019,Gina Lundberg; Mary Norine Walsh; Laxmi S Mehta,10.1016/j.hfc.2018.08.001,Journal Article; Review,smoking,False,Gina Lundberg et al. (2019). Sex-Specific Differences in Risk Factors for Development of Heart Failure in Women. Heart failure clinics.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30449373/
30919783,Risk Factors for Ischemic Heart Disease.,"Several risk factors have been empirically linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Some of them are therapeutically amenable to modification; while others are not. Modifiable risk factors include physical inactivity, tobacco use, diet, ""bad fats"" in the blood, hypertension, and being overweight; while non-modifiable risk factors include the patient's family history, the presence versus absence of diabetes mellitus, and demographic characteristics like age, gender, ethnicity, and socio-economic status. In this article, we review those risk factors that are both clinically important and amenable to change. To prevent cardiovascular disease, it is important to minimize modifiable risk factors, like LDL cholesterol.",Reviews on recent clinical trials,2019,Andrea Bisciglia; Vincenzo Pasceri; Diego Irini; Antonio Varveri; Giulio Speciale,10.2174/1574887114666190328125153,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol; hypertension,False,Andrea Bisciglia et al. (2019). Risk Factors for Ischemic Heart Disease. Reviews on recent clinical trials.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30919783/
31684966,SOAT1 methylation is associated with coronary heart disease.,"This study was designed to investigate whether differential DNA methylationin of cholesterol absorption candidate genes can function as a biomarker for patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). DNA methylation levels of the candidate genes FLOT1, FLOT2 and SOAT1 were measured in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) from 99 patients diagnosed with CHD and 89 control subjects without CHD. A total of 110 CPG sites around promoter regions of them were examined. Compared with groups without CHD, patients with CHD had lower methylation levels of SOAT1 (P<0.001). When each candidate genes were divided into different target segments, patients with CHD also had lower methylation levels of SOAT1 than patients without (P = 0.005). After adjustment of other confounders, methylation levels of SOAT1 were still associated with CHD (P = 0.001, OR = 0.290, 95% CI: 0.150-0.561). SOAT1 methylation may be associated with development of CHD. Patients with lower methylation levels in SOAT1 may have increased risks for CHD. Further studies on the specific mechanisms of this relationship are necessary.",Lipids in health and disease,2019,Jialin Abuzhalihan; Yong-Tao Wang; Yi-Tong Ma; Zhen-Yan Fu; Yi-Ning Yang; Xiang Ma; Xiao-Mei Li; Fen Liu; Bang-Dang Chen,10.1186/s12944-019-1138-9,Journal Article,cholesterol,False,Jialin Abuzhalihan et al. (2019). SOAT1 methylation is associated with coronary heart disease. Lipids in health and disease.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31684966/
31661763,"Polyphenol Effects on Cholesterol Metabolism via Bile Acid Biosynthesis, CYP7A1: A Review.","Atherosclerosis, the main contributor to coronary heart disease, is characterised by an accumulation of lipids such as cholesterol in the arterial wall. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) reduces cholesterol via its conversion into bile acids (BAs). During RCT in non-hepatic peripheral tissues, cholesterol is transferred to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and returned to the liver for conversion into BAs predominantly via the rate-limiting enzyme, cholesterol 7 α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1). Numerous reports have described that polyphenol induced increases in BA excretion and corresponding reductions in total and LDL cholesterol in animal and in-vitro studies, but the process whereby this occurs has not been extensively reviewed. There are three main mechanisms by which BA excretion can be augmented: (1) increased expression of CYP7A1; (2) reduced expression of intestinal BA transporters; and (3) changes in the gut microbiota. Here we summarise the BA metabolic pathways focusing on CYP7A1, how its gene is regulated via transcription factors, diurnal rhythms, and microRNAs. Importantly, we will address the following questions: (1) Can polyphenols enhance BA secretion by modulating the CYP7A1 biosynthetic pathway? (2) Can polyphenols alter the BA pool via changes in the gut microbiota? (3) Which polyphenols are the most promising candidates for future research? We conclude that while in rodents some polyphenols induce CYP7A1 expression predominantly by the LXRα pathway, in human cells, this may occur through FXR, NF-KB, and ERK signalling. Additionally, gut microbiota is important for the de-conjugation and excretion of BAs. Puerarin, resveratrol, and quercetin are promising candidates for further research in this area.",Nutrients,2019,Karen F Chambers; Priscilla E Day; Hassan T Aboufarrag; Paul A Kroon,10.3390/nu11112588,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,"Karen F Chambers et al. (2019). Polyphenol Effects on Cholesterol Metabolism via Bile Acid Biosynthesis, CYP7A1: A Review. Nutrients.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31661763/
30742874,The importance of cholesterol follow-up testing under current statin treatment guidelines.,"Under ""treat to risk"" goals, low-density (LDL)-cholesterol follow-up measurements monitor statin compliance rather than titration to target levels, however, there is little evidence showing that more-frequent monitoring reduces LDL-cholesterol. We therefore tested whether frequency of blood tests significantly predicted lipoprotein improvements in a large anonymized clinical laboratory database. Differences (∆ ± SE) in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol between baseline and follow-up visits were calculated for 97,548 men and 110,424 women whose physicians sent blood to Boston Heart Diagnostics for analysis between 2010 and 2017. When adjusted for age and follow-up duration, plasma concentration changes per each follow-up measurement in men and women respectively were -2.84 ± 0.10 mg/dL and -3.03 ± 0.10 mg/dL for total cholesterol, -3.78 ± 0.30 mg/dL and -2.26 ± 0.19 mg/dL for triglycerides, and -2.54 ± 0.09 mg/dL and -3.06 ± 0.09 mg/dL for LDL-cholesterol (all P < 10",Preventive medicine,2019,Michael L Dansinger; Paul T Williams; H Robert Superko; Ernst J Schaefer,10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.02.003,"Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",cholesterol,False,Michael L Dansinger et al. (2019). The importance of cholesterol follow-up testing under current statin treatment guidelines. Preventive medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30742874/
30280667,Cardiovascular Risk in Perimenopausal Women.,"Cardiovascular disease, and particularly coronary heart disease (CHD), has a low incidence in premenopausal women. Loss of ovarian hormones during the perimenopause and menopause leads to a sharp increase in incidence. Although most CHD risk factors are common to both men and women, the menopause is a unique additional risk factor for women. Sex steroids have profound effects on many CHD risk factors. Their loss leads to adverse changes in lipids and lipoproteins, with increases being seen in low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides, and decreases in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. There is a reduction in insulin secretion and elimination, but increases in insulin resistance eventually result in increasing circulating insulin levels. There are changes in body fat distribution with accumulation in central and visceral fat which links to the other adverse metabolic changes. There is an increase in the incidence of hypertension and of type 2 diabetes mellitus, both major risk factors for CHD. Oestrogens have potent effects on blood vessels and their loss leads to dysfunction of the vascular endothelium. All of these changes result from loss of ovarian function contributing to the increased development of CHD. Risk factor assessment in perimenopausal women is recommended, thereby permitting the timely introduction of lifestyle, hormonal and therapeutic interventions to modify or reverse these adverse changes.",Current vascular pharmacology,2019,John C Stevenson; Sophia Tsiligiannis; Nick Panay,10.2174/1570161116666181002145340,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol; diabetes,False,John C Stevenson et al. (2019). Cardiovascular Risk in Perimenopausal Women. Current vascular pharmacology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30280667/
31819590,Pharmacogenomics And Hypertension: Current Insights.,"Hypertension is a multifactorial disease that affects approximately one billion subjects worldwide and is a major risk factor associated with cardiovascular events, including coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular accidents. Therefore, adequate blood pressure control is important to prevent these events, reducing premature mortality and disability. However, only one third of patients have the effective control of blood pressure, despite several classes of antihypertensive drugs available. These disappointing outcomes may be at least in part explained by interpatient variability in drug response due to genetic polymorphisms. To address the effects of genetic polymorphisms on blood pressure responses to the antihypertensive drug classes, studies have applied candidate genes and genome wide approaches. More recently, a third approach that considers gene-gene interactions has also been applied in hypertension pharmacogenomics. In this article, we carried out a comprehensive review of recent findings on the pharmacogenomics of antihypertensive drugs, including diuretics, β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers, and calcium channel blockers. We also discuss the limitations and inconsistences that have been found in hypertension pharmacogenomics and the challenges to implement this valuable approach in clinical practice.",Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine,2019,Gustavo H Oliveira-Paula; Sherliane C Pereira; Jose E Tanus-Santos; Riccardo Lacchini,10.2147/PGPM.S230201,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Gustavo H Oliveira-Paula et al. (2019). Pharmacogenomics And Hypertension: Current Insights. Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31819590/
31399463,"Coronary heart disease, hypertension and use of biomass fuel among women: comparative cross-sectional study.","To explore the associations of hypertension and coronary heart disease (CHD) with use of biomass fuel for cooking. Comparative cross-sectional study. Rural villages in Sindh, Pakistan. Women aged ≥40 years who had used biomass fuel for cooking for at least the last year (n=436), and a comparison group (n=414) who had cooked only with non-biomass fuel during the last year were recruited through door-to-door visits. None of those who were invited to take part declined. Hypertension was determined from blood pressure measurements and use of medication. CHD was assessed by three measures: history of angina (Rose angina questionnaire), previous history of 'heart attack', and definite or probable changes of CHD on ECG. Potentially confounding risk factors were ascertained by questionnaire and anthropometry. Associations of hypertension and CHD with use of biomass and other risk factors were assessed by logistic regression, and summarised by ORs with 95% CIs. After adjustment for potential confounders, there was no association of hypertension (OR: 1.0, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.4) angina (OR: 1.0, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.4), heart attack (OR: 1.2, 95% 0.7 to 2.2) or ECG changes of CHD (OR: 0.8, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.2) with current use of biomass for cooking. Nor were any associations apparent when analyses were restricted to long-term (≥10 years) users and non-users of biomass fuel. A linked air monitoring study indicated substantially higher airborne concentrations of fine particulate matter in kitchens where biomass was used for cooking. It is possible that associations with CHD and hypertension were missed because most of the comparison group had used biomass for cooking at some time in the past, and risk remains elevated for many years after last exposure.",BMJ open,2019,Zafar Fatmi; Georgia Ntani; David Coggon,10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030881,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",hypertension,False,"Zafar Fatmi et al. (2019). Coronary heart disease, hypertension and use of biomass fuel among women: comparative cross-sectional study. BMJ open.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31399463/
31233816,Future Considerations in Nocturia and Nocturnal Polyuria.,"Nocturnal polyuria (NP), the most common etiology of nocturia, can be caused by various medical conditions, including cardiovascular disease, obstructive sleep apnea, renal tubular dysfunction, as well as medications (eg, diuretics) and/or behavioral patterns. NP in the absence of underlying medical conditions has been described as NP syndrome and is thought be the result of impaired circadian release of endogenous arginine vasopressin. Desmopressin, a synthetic arginine vasopressin analog, has been shown to be an effective replacement therapy in adults with nocturia due to NP. Further studies on the subset of patients with NP syndrome are warranted to maximize benefit from antidiuretic treatment. In addition, a connection between the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying NP and essential hypertension has been suggested, and hypertension has been shown to be a significant risk factor for nocturia, while an association between NP and brain natriuretic peptide levels has also been reported in patients with nocturia. Hypertension is now viewed as a disorder of blood vessels and treatment is directed at the vasculature rather than the blood pressure, with the latter currently serving as a biomarker for arterial injury. Nocturia is thought to be associated with the beginning of this cardiovascular continuum as studies have reported a link between coronary heart disease and nocturia. Therefore, there is an increasing need to elucidate the complex mechanisms implicated in the association between nocturia and hypertension to promote the development of more individualized therapies for the treatment of nocturia.",Urology,2019,Jeffrey P Weiss; Thomas F Monaghan; Matthew R Epstein; Jason M Lazar,10.1016/j.urology.2019.06.014,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Jeffrey P Weiss et al. (2019). Future Considerations in Nocturia and Nocturnal Polyuria. Urology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31233816/
31103185,Effects on Animal Health and Immune Function.,"The concept of developmental programming was established using epidemiologic studies that investigated chronic illnesses in humans, such as coronary heart disease and hypertension. In livestock species, the impacts of developmental programming are important for production and welfare reasons and are used as research models for human and other animal species. Dams should be in adequate nutritional status to ensure optimal nutrient supply for fetal growth, including development of their immune system. Beef and dairy cows with insufficient nutrient intake during gestation produce calves with reduced immunity against diseases, such as scours, respiratory disease, and mastitis.",The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice,2019,Reinaldo F Cooke,10.1016/j.cvfa.2019.02.004,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Reinaldo F Cooke et al. (2019). Effects on Animal Health and Immune Function. The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31103185/
31090364,Clinical features of arterial hypertension in men and women (according to the National Registry of Arterial Hypertension).,"The purpose of this study is to study the effect of sex on the features of therapy of arterial hypertension and the development of cardiovascular complications. Data from the register of AH from outpatient hospital and cardiology departments of hospitals of 22 regions of the Russian Federation were analyzed. Data of medical documents of 33 564 patients with AH [(36.2%) men and 21 423 (63.8%) women] were entered into the on-line computer program and were analyzed using the statistical software package STATISTICA 10. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are more often diagnosed in men: peripheral artery disease, coronary heart disease, acute coronary syndrome, congestive heart failure, ischemic stroke, dissecting aortic aneurysm. The beginning of development cardiovascular disease in men with elevated blood pressure is already observed at age of 25-44 years, which indicates the need for preventive measures already in adolescence and closer monitoring of treatment at a young age. The study confirmed the role of the male sex as a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease in hypertensive men and women with comparable figures of blood pressure in. Identified gender features must be considered when diagnosing patients with AH.",Terapevticheskii arkhiv,2019,I E Chazova; A V Aksenova; E V Oschepkova,10.26442/00403660.2019.01.000021,Editorial,hypertension,False,I E Chazova et al. (2019). Clinical features of arterial hypertension in men and women (according to the National Registry of Arterial Hypertension). Terapevticheskii arkhiv.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31090364/
30833106,Microvascular complications in diabetes: A growing concern for cardiologists.,"Randomized, cross-sectional, and prospective studies have demonstrated that microvascular complications in patients with diabetes are not only the cause of blindness, renal failure and non-traumatic amputations, but also powerful predictors of cardiovascular complications. Beside the metabolic theory, the pathophysiology of diabetic microvascular complications is determined by the interaction among several factors, including epigenetic modifications and the reduced release of progenitor cells by the bone marrow, that contribute simultaneously to damage and impaired vascular protection against hyperglycemia. Identifying and preventing microvascular complications has the significant potential to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events. For these reasons, there may no longer be a rational to consider microangiopathy and macroangiopathy as entirely separate entities, but they should most likely be viewed as a continuum of the widespread vascular damage determined by diabetes mellitus.",International journal of cardiology,2019,Angelo Avogaro; Gian Paolo Fadini,10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.02.030,Journal Article; Review,diabetes,False,Angelo Avogaro et al. (2019). Microvascular complications in diabetes: A growing concern for cardiologists. International journal of cardiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30833106/
31088786,Association of habitual glucosamine use with risk of cardiovascular disease: prospective study in UK Biobank.,"To prospectively assess the association of habitual glucosamine use with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Prospective cohort study. UK Biobank. 466 039 participants without CVD at baseline who completed a questionnaire on supplement use, which included glucosamine. These participants were enrolled from 2006 to 2010 and were followed up to 2016. Incident CVD events, including CVD death, coronary heart disease, and stroke. During a median follow-up of seven years, there were 10 204 incident CVD events, 3060 CVD deaths, 5745 coronary heart disease events, and 3263 stroke events. After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, race, lifestyle factors, dietary intakes, drug use, and other supplement use, glucosamine use was associated with a significantly lower risk of total CVD events (hazard ratio 0.85, 95% confidence interval 0.80 to 0.90), CVD death (0.78, 0.70 to 0.87), coronary heart disease (0.82, 0.76 to 0.88), and stroke (0.91, 0.83 to 1.00). Habitual use of glucosamine supplement to relieve osteoarthritis pain might also be related to lower risks of CVD events.",BMJ (Clinical research ed.),2019,Hao Ma; Xiang Li; Dianjianyi Sun; Tao Zhou; Sylvia H Ley; Jeanette Gustat; Yoriko Heianza; Lu Qi,10.1136/bmj.l1628,"Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural",bmi,False,Hao Ma et al. (2019). Association of habitual glucosamine use with risk of cardiovascular disease: prospective study in UK Biobank. BMJ (Clinical research ed.).,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31088786/
31337667,Sex disparities in the management of coronary heart disease in general practices in Australia.,"To determine whether sex differences exist in the management of patients with a history of coronary heart disease (CHD) in primary care. General practice records of patients aged ≥18 years with a history of CHD in a large general practice dataset in Australia, MedicineInsight, were analysed. Sex-specific, age-standardised proportions of patients prescribed with recommended medications; assessed for cardiovascular risk factors; and achieved treatment targets according to the General Practice Management Plan were reported. Records of 130 926 patients (47% women) from 438 sites were available from 2014 to 2018. Women were less likely to be prescribed with recommended medications (prescribed ≥3 medications: women 44%, men 61%; p<0.001). Younger patients, especially women aged <45 years, were substantially underprescribed (aged <45 years prescribed ≥3 medications: women 2%, men 8%; p<0.001). Lower proportions of women were assessed for cardiovascular risk factors (blood test for lipids: women 70%-76%, men 77%-81%; p<0.001). Body size was not commonly assessed (body mass index: women 59%, men 62%; p<0.001; waist: women 23%, men 25%; p<0.001). Higher proportions of women than men achieved targets for most risk factors (achieved ≥4 targets in patients assessed for all risk factors: women 82%, men 76%). Gaps in preventative management including prescription of indicated medications and risk factor monitoring have been reported from the late 1990s and this large-scale general practice data analysis indicate they still persist. Moreover, the gap is larger in women compared to men. We need new ways to address these gaps and the sex inequity.",Heart (British Cardiac Society),2019,Crystal Man Ying Lee; George Mnatzaganian; Mark Woodward; Clara K Chow; Freddy Sitas; Suzanne Robinson; Rachel R Huxley,10.1136/heartjnl-2019-315134,"Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",bmi,False,Crystal Man Ying Lee et al. (2019). Sex disparities in the management of coronary heart disease in general practices in Australia. Heart (British Cardiac Society).,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31337667/
31031827,Determinants of coronary artery disease risk factor management across three world regions.,"The SUrvey of Risk Factors (SURF) indicated poor control of risk factors in subjects with established coronary heart disease (CHD). The present study aimed to investigate determinants of risk factor management in patients with CHD. SURF recruited 9987 consecutive patients with CHD from Europe, Asia and the Middle East between 2012 and 2013. Risk factor management was summarised as a Cardiovascular Health Index Score (CHIS) based on six risk factor targets (non-smoker/ex-smoker, body mass index <30, adequate exercise, controlled blood pressure, controlled low-density lipoprotein and controlled glucose). Logistic regression models assessed the associations between determinants (age, sex, family history, cardiac rehabilitation, previous hospital admission and diabetes) and achievement of moderate CHIS (≥3 risk factors controlled). The results are presented as OR with corresponding 95% CI. A moderate CHIS was less likely to be reached by women (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.00), those aged <55 years old (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.76) and those with diabetes (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.46). Attendance in cardiac rehabilitation was associated with better CHIS achievements (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.42 to 1.87). Younger Asian and European patients had poorer risk factor management, whereas for patients from the Middle East age was not significantly associated with risk factor management. The availability and applicability of cardiac rehabilitation varied by region. Overall, risk factor management was poorer in women, those younger than 55 years old, those with diabetes and those who did not participate in a cardiac rehabilitation. Determinants of cardiovascular risk factor management differed by region.",Heart Asia,2019,Min Zhao; Ian Graham; Marie Therese Cooney; Diederick E Grobbee; Ilonca Vaartjes; Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch,10.1136/heartasia-2018-011112,Journal Article,bmi,False,Min Zhao et al. (2019). Determinants of coronary artery disease risk factor management across three world regions. Heart Asia.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31031827/
30786745,Lipoprotein(a) and Risk of Ischemic Stroke in the REGARDS Study.,"Objective- Increased Lp(a) [lipoprotein(a)] is associated with coronary heart disease risk, but links with stroke are less consistent. Blacks have higher Lp(a) levels and stroke incidence than whites but have been underrepresented in studies. We hypothesized that Lp(a) is a risk factor for ischemic stroke and that risk differs by race. Approach and Results- REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) recruited 30 239 black and white US adults aged ≥45 in 2003-2007 to study regional and racial differences in stroke mortality. We measured baseline Lp(a) by immunonephelometric assay in 572 cases of incident ischemic stroke and a 967-person cohort random sample. The hazard ratio of stroke by baseline Lp(a) was calculated using Cox proportional hazards models, stratified by race. Lp(a) was modeled in sex- and race-specific quartiles, given known differences in distributions by race and sex. Interactions were tested by including interaction terms in the proportional hazards models, with P<0.10 considered statistically significant. After adjustment for age, sex, and stroke risk factors, being in the fourth versus the first Lp(a) quartile was weakly associated with ischemic stroke overall, hazard ratio, 1.45 (95% CI, 0.96-2.19). In blacks, the hazard ratio was 1.96 (95% CI, 1.10-3.46), whereas in whites HR was 1.14 (95% CI, 0.64-2.04); P interaction=0.12. Lp(a) was lower in men than women, but associations with stroke in men and women were similar. Conclusions- We confirm that Lp(a) is a risk factor for ischemic stroke. Further research is needed to confirm the role of racial differences of the Lp(a) risk multiplier in ischemic stroke.","Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology",2019,Pankaj Arora; Rajat Kalra; Peter W Callas; Kristine S Alexander; Neil A Zakai; Virginia Wadley; Garima Arora; Brett M Kissela; Suzanne E Judd; Mary Cushman,10.1161/ATVBAHA.118.311857,"Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural",age,False,"Pankaj Arora et al. (2019). Lipoprotein(a) and Risk of Ischemic Stroke in the REGARDS Study. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30786745/
29249531,Body composition measures and cardiovascular risk in high-risk ethnic groups.,"Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is highly prevalent in Suriname, a middle-income country with predominantly people of African and Asian ancestry. We examined whether the more comprehensive body composition measures determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) are superior to the more traditional BMI and waist measures in relation to cardiovascular risk. Data from the cross-sectional Healthy Life in Suriname (HELISUR) study were used to calculate BMI, waist-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, and waist circumference. BIA was used to estimate fat percentage, fat-free mass index, and fat-to-fat-free mass ratio. High cardiovascular risk was defined as 1) a 10-year Framingham coronary heart disease risk score ≥10% in African-Surinamese and ≥12% in Asian-Surinamese, and 2) an increased arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity >10 m/s). Using logistic regression analysis, we pre-selected the strongest correlate (i.e. lowest p-value below 0.05) of all body composition items for both outcomes of cardiovascular risk separately, and subsequently, used forward logistic regression modelling to determine whether other measures added value to the initial model with the strongest correlate (-2 log-likelihood (-2LL) of initial model minus -2LL of new model, χ-square statistic >3.841, 1 df). Analyses were adjusted for sex, age and ethnicity. We examined 691 participants (65% women; 48% African-Surinamese) with a mean age of 42 (SD 14) years. Waist circumference was the strongest correlate for high 10-year CVD risk in the total group, in men and African-Surinamese. In Asian-Surinamese, fat-free mass index was the strongest correlate of high 10-year CVD risk. Increased arterial stiffness was most strongly related with waist-to-height ratio in the total group and in African-Surinamese, and with BMI in men. None of the measures were significantly associated in women (for both outcomes) and Asian-Surinamese (for increased arterial stiffness). Forward selection showed that only BMI added value next to waist-to-height ratio in the total group in relation to increased arterial stiffness. Waist measures, in particular waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio, and BMI should be used in African and Asian-Surinamese to identify who is at increased cardiovascular risk. Overall, we found little advantage in using BIA measures rather than simple anthropometric measures.","Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)",2019,F S Diemer; L M Brewster; Y C Haan; G P Oehlers; G A van Montfrans; L M W Nahar-van Venrooij,10.1016/j.clnu.2017.11.012,Journal Article,age,False,"F S Diemer et al. (2019). Body composition measures and cardiovascular risk in high-risk ethnic groups. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland).",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29249531/
30642791,Serum dietary fatty acids and coronary heart disease risk - A nested case-control-study within the CARLA cohort.,"Diet is known to play a decisive role in the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). One factor believed to decrease lifetime risk of CHD is the consumption of omega-3 fatty acids. Yet, conclusive evidence regarding the potential cardioprotective effects of fatty acids is far from being reached. The present study aimed to provide further evidence on the association of serum fatty acid profiles with CHD risk. The CARdio-vascular Disease, Living and Ageing in Halle study (CARLA study) is an observational cohort study comprising an older adult's general population with a high level of cardiovascular risk factors. In a matched case-control design the serum fatty acid concentrations of 73 subjects with an incident fatal or nonfatal CHD event were compared to 146 controls matched for sex and age. Our data show that the participants of the CARLA study are underserved in unsaturated fatty acids with respect to current dietary recommendations. In addition, the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids was determined to be 8:1 which underlines the consumption of a Western-style diet enriched in omega-6 fatty acids. There were no significant differences in fatty acid patterns between cases and controls. Thus, no clear association of particular serum fatty acid levels with cardiovascular risk was found. Our results support the conclusion that in populations with a homogenous low level of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids consumption, serum fatty acid levels are not associated with CHD risk.","Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD",2019,D Medenwald; A Kluttig; M E Lacruz; J Schumann,10.1016/j.numecd.2018.10.006,"Journal Article; Observational Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,False,"D Medenwald et al. (2019). Serum dietary fatty acids and coronary heart disease risk - A nested case-control-study within the CARLA cohort. Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30642791/
30734147,Sex differences in coronary artery plaque composition detected by coronary computed tomography: quantitative and qualitative analysis.,"Sex differences in the calculation of coronary heart disease risk have been analysed extensively. However, data on coronary plaque morphology diverge. We analysed plaque characteristics in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) and defined prognostic factors using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). A total of 6,050 consecutive patients underwent CCTA and were enrolled in the registry. Patients with known CAD were excluded. The patients were propensity score matched (1:1 male:female) for age and known coronary risk factors. Coronary arteries were evaluated for stenosis, plaque types (non-calcified, mixed and calcified) and high-risk plaque features (napkin-ring sign, low-attenuation plaque, spotty calcifications, positive remodelling). Clinical follow-up was performed. A total of 1,050 patients (525 female, 525 male) in matched cohorts were selected for analysis. CCTA showed significantly higher calcium scores for males (mean 180.5 vs 67.8 AU, p < 0.0001) and a higher rate of CAD (66.0% vs 34.1%, p < 0.0001). In a total of 16,800 segments, males had significantly more plaques (861 vs 752, p < 0.0001) with a significantly larger proportion of calcified plaques, while females had more mixed and non-calcified plaques (33.5% vs 24.4%, p = 0.006 and 24.1% vs 13.6%, p = 0.22, respectively). After a mean follow-up of 5.6 years, major adverse cardiac event (MACE) rate was 5.3% in male and 1.9% in female patients (p < 0.05). The relative odds ratio for high-risk plaque features to predict MACE was higher in females. Based on a higher relative risk for women with high-risk plaque features, the findings of our study support the increased importance of a differentiated qualitative plaque analysis to improve the risk stratification for both sexes.",Netherlands heart journal : monthly journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation,2019,F Plank; C Beyer; G Friedrich; M Wildauer; G Feuchtner,10.1007/s12471-019-1234-5,Journal Article,age,False,F Plank et al. (2019). Sex differences in coronary artery plaque composition detected by coronary computed tomography: quantitative and qualitative analysis. Netherlands heart journal : monthly journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30734147/
30623606,Genetic analysis of the relation of telomere length-related gene (RTEL1) and coronary heart disease risk.,"Regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 (RTEL1), a telomere length-related gene, is closely linked to cancer and age-related diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms in the RTEL1 gene and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. In this case-control study, which includes samples from 596 CHD patients and 603 healthy controls, five SNPs in RTEL1 were selected. The genotypes were studied using the Agena MassARRAY platform, and the statistical analyses were performed using the chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, genetic model analysis, and haplotype analysis. In the allele model, using the chi-square test, we found that the patients with the ""G"" allele of rs6010620 and the ""C"" allele of rs4809324 in the RTEL1 gene showed a decreased risk of CHD once the results were adjusted for age and gender. In the genetic model, logistic regression analyses revealed that the rs6010620 polymorphism conferred a decreased risk of CHD in the codominant model (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.31-0.88, p = 0.007 for the ""G/G"" genotype) and the recessive model (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.30-0.80, p = 0.004 for the ""G/G"" genotype). In addition, the haplotype ""G Our findings have demonstrated that the genetic variants of RTEL1 may have a protective role against CHD risk.",Molecular genetics & genomic medicine,2019,Shijuan Lu; Jianghua Zhong; Miao Wu; Kang Huang; Yilei Zhou; Zanrui Zhong; Qiang Li; Honghao Zhou,10.1002/mgg3.550,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,False,Shijuan Lu et al. (2019). Genetic analysis of the relation of telomere length-related gene (RTEL1) and coronary heart disease risk. Molecular genetics & genomic medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30623606/
31404961,Combined LDL and VLDL Electronegativity Correlates with Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Asymptomatic Individuals.,"The most electronegative constituents of human plasma LDL (i.e., L5) and VLDL (i.e., V5) are highly atherogenic. We determined whether the combined electronegativity of L5 and V5 (i.e., L5 + V5) plays a role in coronary heart disease (CHD). In 33 asymptomatic individuals (ages 32-64), 10-year hard CHD risk correlated with age (r = 0.42,",Journal of clinical medicine,2019,Ming-Yi Shen; Jing-Fang Hsu; Fang-Yu Chen; Jonathan Lu; Chia-Ming Chang; Mohammad Madjid; Juliette Dean; Richard A F Dixon; Steven Shayani; Tzu-Chieh Chou; Chu-Huang Chen,10.3390/jcm8081193,Journal Article,age,False,Ming-Yi Shen et al. (2019). Combined LDL and VLDL Electronegativity Correlates with Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Asymptomatic Individuals. Journal of clinical medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31404961/
30783405,Lifestyle Medicine: The Health Promoting Power of Daily Habits and Practices.,"There is no longer any serious doubt that daily habits and actions profoundly affect both short-term and long-term health and quality of life. This concept is supported by literally thousands of research articles and incorporated in multiple evidence-based guidelines for the prevention and/or treatment of chronic metabolic diseases. The study of how habits and actions affect both prevention and treatment of diseases has coalesced around the concept of ""lifestyle medicine."" The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date summary of many of the modalities fundamental to lifestyle medicine, including physical activity, proper nutrition, weight management, and cigarette smoking cessation. This review will also focus specifically on how these modalities are employed both in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases including coronary heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and cancer. The review concludes with a Call to Action challenging the medical community to embrace the modalities of lifestyle medicine in the daily practice of medicine.",American journal of lifestyle medicine,2018,James M Rippe,10.1177/1559827618785554,Journal Article; Review,smoking,False,James M Rippe et al. (2018). Lifestyle Medicine: The Health Promoting Power of Daily Habits and Practices. American journal of lifestyle medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30783405/
28833665,Predictors of smoking relapse after percutaneous coronary intervention in Chinese patients.,"To evaluate the prevalence and predictors of smoking relapse after percutaneous coronary intervention in Chinese patients. Smoking is considered a vital risk factor for coronary heart disease. Although smoking cessation could decrease the risks of adverse cardiac outcomes, many patients resume smoking following a short period of abstinence. However, little is known about smoking resumption in patients who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention. A longitudinal study was conducted among Chinese patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Predictive variables were assessed at baseline through medical records and interviews with questionnaires including the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale and Smoking Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. Smoking relapses were recorded at three, six, nine and 12 months by the self-reporting through telephone or at routine visits to the cardiology outpatient clinics. A total of 221 patients who quit smoking immediately after percutaneous coronary intervention completed the whole study. Overall, 51.1%(n = 113) of the patients relapsed within 12 months after percutaneous coronary intervention. The prevalence showed a particular rise (49.6%, n = 56) in the first 3 months and a more gradual increase in the following months. The patients who were employed and had higher nicotine dependence, worse depressive symptoms and lower level of smoking self-efficacy were more vulnerable to relapse to cigarettes. The prevalence of smoking relapse is high in the patients who stop smoking in the hospital due to percutaneous coronary intervention. The predictors of smoking relapse are employment, nicotine dependence, depression and smoking self-efficacy in the post- percutaneous coronary intervention patients. This study may prompt the healthcare providers to focus on the issue of smoking relapse and provide some instructions for identification of the patients with a high-risk of relapse after percutaneous coronary intervention.",Journal of clinical nursing,2018,Tingyu Zhang; Lizi Wang; Zhenzhen Xu; Qiongxiao Zhang; Yawen Ye,10.1111/jocn.14050,Journal Article,smoking,False,Tingyu Zhang et al. (2018). Predictors of smoking relapse after percutaneous coronary intervention in Chinese patients. Journal of clinical nursing.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28833665/
30371184,Short-Term Safety of Nicotine Replacement in Smokers Hospitalized With Coronary Heart Disease.,"Background Little is known about the safety of nicotine replacement therapy ( NRT ) in smokers hospitalized with coronary heart disease. Methods and Results We examined the short-term safety of NRT use among smokers hospitalized for coronary heart disease in a geographically and structurally diverse sample of US hospitals in the year 2014. We compared smokers who started NRT in the first 2 days of hospitalization with smokers without any exposure to NRT and adjusted for baseline differences through propensity score matching. Outcomes included inpatient mortality, hospital length of stay, and 1-month readmission. From 270 hospitals, we included 27 459 smokers (mean age, 58 years; 69% men; 56.9% in intensive care unit), of whom 4885 (17.8%) received NRT (97.2% used the nicotine patch, at a median dose of 21 mg/d for 3 days). After propensity matching, covariates were well balanced within each patient group. Among patients with myocardial infarction, compared with patients who did not receive NRT , those who received NRT showed no difference in mortality (2.1% versus 2.3%; P=0.98), mean length of stay (4.4±3.5 versus 4.3±3.3 days; P=0.60), or 1-month readmission (15.8% versus 14.6%; P=0.31). Results were similar for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass surgery. Conclusions Among smokers hospitalized for treatment of coronary heart disease, use of NRT was not associated with any differences in short-term outcomes. Given the known beneficial effects of NRT in treating nicotine withdrawal, reducing cravings, and promoting smoking cessation after discharge, our findings suggest that NRT is a safe and reasonable treatment option.",Journal of the American Heart Association,2018,Quinn R Pack; Aruna Priya; Tara C Lagu; Penelope S Pekow; Auras Atreya; Nancy A Rigotti; Peter K Lindenauer,10.1161/JAHA.118.009424,"Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural",smoking,False,Quinn R Pack et al. (2018). Short-Term Safety of Nicotine Replacement in Smokers Hospitalized With Coronary Heart Disease. Journal of the American Heart Association.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30371184/
30198808,LDL-C does not cause cardiovascular disease: a comprehensive review of the current literature.,"For half a century, a high level of total cholesterol (TC) or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has been considered to be the major cause of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD), and statin treatment has been widely promoted for cardiovascular prevention. However, there is an increasing understanding that the mechanisms are more complicated and that statin treatment, in particular when used as primary prevention, is of doubtful benefit. Areas covered: The authors of three large reviews recently published by statin advocates have attempted to validate the current dogma. This article delineates the serious errors in these three reviews as well as other obvious falsifications of the cholesterol hypothesis. Expert commentary: Our search for falsifications of the cholesterol hypothesis confirms that it is unable to satisfy any of the Bradford Hill criteria for causality and that the conclusions of the authors of the three reviews are based on misleading statistics, exclusion of unsuccessful trials and by ignoring numerous contradictory observations.",Expert review of clinical pharmacology,2018,Uffe Ravnskov; Michel de Lorgeril; David M Diamond; Rokuro Hama; Tomohito Hamazaki; Björn Hammarskjöld; Niamh Hynes; Malcolm Kendrick; Peter H Langsjoen; Luca Mascitelli; Kilmer S McCully; Harumi Okuyama; Paul J Rosch; Tore Schersten; Sherif Sultan; Ralf Sundberg,10.1080/17512433.2018.1519391,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,Uffe Ravnskov et al. (2018). LDL-C does not cause cardiovascular disease: a comprehensive review of the current literature. Expert review of clinical pharmacology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30198808/
28930526,Inflammatory biomarkers of coronary heart disease.,"Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. CHD is characterized by formation of arterial plaques which are mainly comprised of lipids, calcium and inflammatory cells. These plaques narrow the lumen of coronary arteries leading to episodic or persistent angina. Rupture of these plaques leads to the formation of thrombus, which as a result of cessation of blood flow, causes myocardial infarct and death. CHD is exacerbated by risk factors including obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Diagnosis is established by the level of blood cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoproteins Inflammation is considered significant in the pathogenesis of CHD and for this reason, severity and prognosis of CHD is assessed by the levels of inflammatory biomarkers, including interleukin-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), complement, CD40 and myeloperoxidase (MPO).",Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition),2018,Hongyu Li; Kai Sun; Ruiping Zhao; Jiang Hu; Zhiru Hao; Fei Wang; Yaojun Lu; Fu Liu; Yong Zhang,10.2741/s508,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol; diabetes; hypertension,False,Hongyu Li et al. (2018). Inflammatory biomarkers of coronary heart disease. Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition).,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28930526/
29300309,"Fat, Sugar, Whole Grains and Heart Disease: 50 Years of Confusion.","During the 1970s some investigators proposed that refined carbohydrates, especially sugar and a low intake of dietary fiber, were major factors in coronary heart disease (CHD). This suggestion was eclipsed by the belief that an excess intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was the key dietary factor, a view that prevailed from roughly 1974 to 2014. Findings that have accumulated since 1990 inform us that the role of SFA in the causation of CHD has been much exaggerated. A switch from SFA to refined carbohydrates does not lower the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol in the blood and therefore does not prevent CHD. A reduced intake of SFA combined with an increased intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids lowers the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol; this may reduce the risk of CHD. The evidence linking carbohydrate-rich foods with CHD has been steadily strengthening. Refined carbohydrates, especially sugar-sweetened beverages, increase the risk of CHD. Conversely, whole grains and cereal fiber are protective. An extra one or 2 servings per day of these foods increases or decreases risk by approximately 10% to 20%.",Nutrients,2018,Norman J Temple,10.3390/nu10010039,Historical Article; Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,"Norman J Temple et al. (2018). Fat, Sugar, Whole Grains and Heart Disease: 50 Years of Confusion. Nutrients.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29300309/
29714125,Multivariate analysis for coronary heart disease in heterozygote familial hypercholesterolemia patients.,"rs599839 polymorphism has been related with low levels of cholesterol and reduced coronary heart disease (CHD). We investigated the frequency of this polymorphism in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) in the Spanish familial hypercholesterolemia cohort, 230 with and 202 without CHD. Results & discussion: A lower G-allele prevalence was observed in HeFH patients with CHD with respect to controls, 35 versus 45%, respectively (p = 0.029), suggesting a protective effect. However, it was found that there was no association between rs599839 alleles and CHD in the multivariate analysis. The frequency of the protective G-allele of the rs599839 polymorphism was lower in HeFH patients with CHD compared with those HeFH patients without CHD. However, its role in HeFH may be masked by very high levels of cholesterol.",Personalized medicine,2018,Juan Francisco Sánchez Muñoz-Torrero; Maria D Rivas; Jose Zamorano; Pedro Pablo Joya-Vázquez; Leopoldo Perez de Isla; Teresa Padro; Pedro Mata,10.2217/pme-2017-0075,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",cholesterol,False,Juan Francisco Sánchez Muñoz-Torrero et al. (2018). Multivariate analysis for coronary heart disease in heterozygote familial hypercholesterolemia patients. Personalized medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29714125/
30002062,"High-Density Lipoprotein Particles, Cell-Cholesterol Efflux, and Coronary Heart Disease Risk.","Objective- The cell-cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) is inversely associated with coronary heart disease risk. ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) plays a crucial role in cholesterol efflux from macrophages to preβ-1-HDL. We tested the hypothesis that coronary heart disease patients have functionally abnormal preβ-1-HDL. Approach and Results- HDL cell-cholesterol efflux capacity via the ABCA1 and the SR-BI (scavenger receptor class B type I) pathways, HDL antioxidative capacity, apo (apolipoprotein) A-I-containing HDL particles, and inflammatory- and oxidative-stress markers were measured in a case-control study of 100 coronary heart disease cases and 100 sex-matched controls. There were significant positive correlations between ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux and the levels of small lipid-poor preβ-1 particles ( R","Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology",2018,Bela F Asztalos; Katalin V Horvath; Ernst J Schaefer,10.1161/ATVBAHA.118.311117,"Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",cholesterol,False,"Bela F Asztalos et al. (2018). High-Density Lipoprotein Particles, Cell-Cholesterol Efflux, and Coronary Heart Disease Risk. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30002062/
29609759,Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibitors as Agents to Reduce Coronary Heart Disease Risk.,"Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) promotes the transfer of cholesteryl esters from the nonatherogenic high density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction to potentially proatherogenic non-HDL fractions. Inhibition of CETP reduces the concentration of non-HDL cholesterol, enhances HDL functionality, and increases the concentration of HDL cholesterol and apoA-I. Despite an absence of benefit in earlier trials of CETP inhibition, the REVEAL trial has shown that treatment with the CETP inhibitor anacetrapib reduces the risk of having a coronary event in high-risk, statin-treated patients.",Cardiology clinics,2018,Philip J Barter; Kerry-Anne Rye,10.1016/j.ccl.2017.12.011,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,Philip J Barter et al. (2018). Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibitors as Agents to Reduce Coronary Heart Disease Risk. Cardiology clinics.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29609759/
28646806,Potential of Probiotics in Hypercholesterolemia: A Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Findings.,"Context • Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major public health problem in developing and developed countries. Elevated cholesterol levels, especially low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and the emergence of CHD, have been positively correlated in many clinical and epidemiological studies. The health benefits of probiotics have received a great deal of attention, including their blood cholesterol-lowering effects on humans. Objective • The research team intended to determine the current state of research examining the effects of various probiotic strains on lipid profiles, including measures in serum of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Design • The review examined studies, in both animal and human models and focused on the potential of various probiotic strains to be dietary adjuncts in lowering levels of serum cholesterol with the aim of reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CHD. Articles were reviewed systematically from Web search bases including PubMed and Cochrane Clinical Trial Registry. Articles meeting the inclusion search criteria were selected for further review and analysis. Only randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of probiotics on lipid profiles in animals or humans were considered for inclusion in the review. Setting • The selection of articles and further inclusion in the review was performed in Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi (New Delhi, India). Results • Some of the studies, in both animal and human models, have revealed that several strains were able to improve at least 1 lipid fraction. Although the results from animal studies have been fairly consistent, the findings from studies on humans have varied. Some strains when evaluated in human studies have shown insignificant effects on lipid fractions. Conclusions • Although several mechanisms for cholesterol removal by probiotics have been proposed, they need further investigation to be validated.",Alternative therapies in health and medicine,2018,Smriti Sharma; Seema Puri; Anura V Kurpad,,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,Smriti Sharma et al. (2018). Potential of Probiotics in Hypercholesterolemia: A Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Findings. Alternative therapies in health and medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28646806/
29789131,Randomized trials of replacing saturated fatty acids with n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in coronary heart disease prevention: Not the gold standard?,"Several trials in the 1950s through 1970s tested the hypothesis that replacing saturated fat in the diet predominantly with n-6 polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) would reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD), mainly through modifying blood lipid profile. Most of these trials did observe a reduction in serum total cholesterol in the intervention group, but many trials failed to find a significant reduction in the incidence of CHD. However, some meta-analyses have found a reduced incidence of CHD by pooling the results from the trials. Recently, new recovered and reanalyzed data has emerged from two of the old trials. The new findings seemed to counteract the classical diet-heart hypothesis, when they found no cardiovascular benefit and even suggested harm, despite reduction in the serum total cholesterol concentration after replacing saturated fat especially with n-6 PUFA. This has raised criticism regarding the validity of the dietary recommendations that suggest partially replacing saturated fats with n-6 PUFA. This paper introduces the classical diet-heart trials and their main results and how the new findings relate to the overall study data of the cardiovascular effects of the n-6 PUFA. For multiple reasons considered here, it is difficult to draw firm conclusions of the cardiovascular effects of the n-6 PUFA based only on the findings in the old diet-heart trials. A more comprehensive picture emerges when also other lines of evidence is considered. The overall study data, including findings also from prospective cohort studies and from dietary trials with intermediate outcomes, still suggests that replacing saturated fat with n-6 PUFA would rather be beneficial than harmful for the prevention of CHD.","Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids",2018,Jyrki K Virtanen,10.1016/j.plefa.2018.04.002,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,"Jyrki K Virtanen et al. (2018). Randomized trials of replacing saturated fatty acids with n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in coronary heart disease prevention: Not the gold standard? Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29789131/
31324079,"Association of Non-HDL Cholesterol, Homocysteine and Vitamin D in Acute Coronary Syndrome.","The role of Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) in the pathogenesis of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) has been well established. In many studies it was found that Non-HDL cholesterol (total cholesterol minus High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol [HDL-C] is a better predictor of CHD risk than LDL-C alone. High homocysteine levels are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. An inverse relation has been seen between vitamin D serum level and coronary artery calcification. Studies are inadequate among Indians to establish the role of these non-conventional risk factors in acute coronary syndrome. To correlate the values of non-HDL cholesterol, vitamin D and homocysteine in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with controls. :For this retrospective study cases were the patients admitted in Poona Hospital and Research Centre between November 2013 and November 2015 with acute coronary syndrome whereas controls were patients admitted in Poona Hospital and Research Centre during the same period with diagnosis other than Acute coronary syndrome. Each patient was subjected to detailed clinical history, clinical examination and investigations such as lipid profile, serum homocysteine, and Vitamin D3. Unpaired t-test was used to compare the quantitative data whereas Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used for qualitative data. ACS group had significantly higher mean total serum cholesterol, mean LDL cholesterol, mean non-HDL cholesterol, and mean plasma homocysteine as compared to control group. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in Vit D levels. Odds ratio was maximum for Non HDL cholesterol, followed by LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, Serum Homocysteine, and Total cholesterol. Non-HDL cholesterol was a better predictor of cardiovascular diseases than LDL-C, HDL-C or total cholesterol.",The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India,2018,Arun Bahulikar; Vidya Tickoo; Deepak Phalgune,,Journal Article,cholesterol,False,"Arun Bahulikar et al. (2018). Association of Non-HDL Cholesterol, Homocysteine and Vitamin D in Acute Coronary Syndrome. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31324079/
29598869,Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Hypertension: To Use or Not to Use?,"Most guidelines for the management of patients with cardiovascular disease recommend angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors as first-choice therapy, whereas angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are merely considered an alternative for ACE inhibitor-intolerant patients. The aim of this review was to compare outcomes and adverse events between ACE inhibitors and ARBs in patients. In patients with hypertension and hypertension with compelling indications, we found no difference in efficacy between ARBs and ACE inhibitors with regard to the surrogate endpoint of blood pressure and outcomes of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, and end-stage renal disease. However, ACE inhibitors remain associated with cough and a very low risk of angioedema and fatalities. Overall withdrawal rates because of adverse events are lower with ARBs than with ACE inhibitors. Given the equal outcome efficacy but fewer adverse events with ARBs, risk-to-benefit analysis in aggregate indicates that at present there is little, if any, reason to use ACE inhibitors for the treatment of hypertension or its compelling indications.",Journal of the American College of Cardiology,2018,Franz H Messerli; Sripal Bangalore; Chirag Bavishi; Stefano F Rimoldi,10.1016/j.jacc.2018.01.058,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Franz H Messerli et al. (2018). Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Hypertension: To Use or Not to Use? Journal of the American College of Cardiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29598869/
30086692,[The Old-Age Heart].,"The Old-Age Heart Abstract. Knowledge of cardiovascular changes in old age and their therapeutic options is important. Old age can lead to hypertrophy of the left ventricle, diastolic dysfunction, heart valve changes and pulmonary hypertension. Patients often develop arterial hypertension. Valvular changes are common in people over 100 years of age (aortic stenosis and mitral insufficiency). The risk of coronary heart disease is 35 % for men and 24 % for women. In old age, sinus node dysfunction and atrial fibrillation are common. 25 % of all strokes are cardiac embolisms in atrial fibrillation. Cardiac interventions in the elderly are increasingly frequent and include coronary catheter revascularization or valve interventions (percutaneous aortic valve replacement or MitraClip). Optimal therapy in old age includes not only cardiovascular interventions also include drugs and a lifestyle modification and mainly serves to improve the quality of life.",Praxis,2018,Christine Attenhofer Jost; Philippe Müller; Osmund Bertel; Barbara Naegeli; Christoph Scharf; Peter Wenaweser; Franz Wolfgang Amann,10.1024/1661-8157/a003039,Journal Article,hypertension,False,Christine Attenhofer Jost et al. (2018). [The Old-Age Heart]. Praxis.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30086692/
29803897,Uric acid and cardiovascular disease.,"Uric acid (UA) is an end product of purine metabolism in humans and great apes. UA acts as an antioxidant and it accounts for 50% of the total antioxidant capacity of biological fluids in humans. When present in cytoplasm of the cells or in acidic/hydrophobic milieu in atherosclerotic plaques, UA converts into a pro-oxidant agent and promotes oxidative stress and through this mechanism participates in the pathophysiology of human disease including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Most epidemiological studies but not all of them suggested the existence of an association between elevated serum UA level and CVD, including coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, congestive heart failure, arterial hypertension and atrial fibrillation as well as an increased risk for mortality due to CVD in general population and subjects with confirmed CHD. Evidence available also suggests an association between elevated UA and traditional cardiovascular risk factors, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic kidney disease. Experimental and clinical studies have evidenced several mechanisms through which elevated UA level exerts deleterious effects on cardiovascular health including increased oxidative stress, reduced availability of nitric oxide and endothelial dysfunction, promotion of local and systemic inflammation, vasoconstriction and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, insulin resistance and metabolic dysregulation. Although the causality in the relationship between UA and CVD remains unproven, UA may be pathogenic and participate in the pathophysiology of CVD by serving as a bridging mechanism mediating (enabling) or potentiating the deleterious effects of cardiovascular risk factors on vascular tissue and myocardium.",Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry,2018,Gjin Ndrepepa,10.1016/j.cca.2018.05.046,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Gjin Ndrepepa et al. (2018). Uric acid and cardiovascular disease. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29803897/
30186660,Screening and treatment of hypertension in older adults: less is more?,"Screening and treatment of hypertension is a cornerstone of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Hypertension causes a large proportion of cases of stroke, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and associated disability and is highly prevalent especially among older adults. On the one hand, there is robust evidence that screening and treatment of hypertension prevents CVD and decreases mortality in the middle-aged population. On the other hand, among older adults, observational studies have shown either positive, negative, or no correlation between blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular outcomes. Furthermore, there is a lack of high quality evidence for a favorable harm-benefit balance of antihypertensive treatment among older adults, especially among the oldest-old (i.e., above the age of 80 years), because very few trials have been conducted in this population. The optimal target BP may be higher among older treated hypertensive patients than among middle-aged. In addition, among frail or multimorbid older individuals, a relatively low BP may be associated with worse outcomes, and antihypertensive treatment may cause more harm than benefit. To guide hypertension screening and treatment recommendations among older patients, additional studies are needed to determine the most efficient screening strategies, to evaluate the effect of lowering BP on CVD risk and on mortality, to determine the optimal target BP, and to better understand the relationship between BP, frailty, multimorbidity, and health outcomes.",Public health reviews,2018,Daniela Anker; Brigitte Santos-Eggimann; Valérie Santschi; Cinzia Del Giovane; Christina Wolfson; Sven Streit; Nicolas Rodondi; Arnaud Chiolero,10.1186/s40985-018-0101-z,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Daniela Anker et al. (2018). Screening and treatment of hypertension in older adults: less is more? Public health reviews.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30186660/
30177968,Zebrafish as a Model for Obesity and Diabetes.,"Obesity and diabetes now considered global epidemics. The prevalence rates of diabetes are increasing in parallel with the rates of obesity and the strong connection between these two diseases has been coined as ""diabesity."" The health risks of overweight or obesity include Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), coronary heart disease and cancer of numerous organs. Both obesity and diabetes are complex diseases that involve the interaction of genetics and environmental factors. The underlying pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes are not well understood and further research is needed for pharmacological and surgical management. Consequently, the use of animal models of obesity and/or diabetes is important for both improving the understanding of these diseases and to identify and develop effective treatments. Zebrafish is an attractive model system for studying metabolic diseases because of the functional conservation in lipid metabolism, adipose biology, pancreas structure, and glucose homeostasis. It is also suited for identification of novel targets associated with the risk and treatment of obesity and diabetes in humans. In this review, we highlight studies using zebrafish to model metabolic diseases, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of studying pathologies associated with obesity and diabetes in zebrafish.",Frontiers in cell and developmental biology,2018,Liqing Zang; Lisette A Maddison; Wenbiao Chen,10.3389/fcell.2018.00091,Journal Article; Review,diabetes,False,Liqing Zang et al. (2018). Zebrafish as a Model for Obesity and Diabetes. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30177968/
29392352,Epidemiology of diabetes and diabetic complications in China.,"The People's Republic of China (herein referred to as China) has witnessed one of the most dramatic rises in diabetes prevalence anywhere in the world. The latest epidemiological study suggests that approximately 11% of the population has diabetes, with a significant proportion remaining undiagnosed. Risk factors for diabetes in the Chinese population are similar to those in other populations, though gestational diabetes and young-onset diabetes is becoming increasingly common. Data on the prevalence of diabetic complications remain limited, though cardio-renal complications account for significant morbidity and mortality. Other diabetes-related comorbidities are becoming increasingly common, with cancer emerging as a major cause of mortality among individuals with diabetes. There are many challenges and obstacles that impede effective diabetes prevention and the delivery of care, though much progress has occurred over recent years. Lessons learnt from how China has responded to the challenges posed by the diabetes epidemic will be invaluable for other countries facing the many threats of diabetes and its complications.",Diabetologia,2018,Ronald C W Ma,10.1007/s00125-018-4557-7,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review",diabetes,False,Ronald C W Ma et al. (2018). Epidemiology of diabetes and diabetic complications in China. Diabetologia.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29392352/
30190170,Novel epigenetic-sensitive clinical challenges both in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.,"Epigenetics modulated tissue-specific gene expression during the onset of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and their complications. We searched the PubMed recent studies about the main epigenetic tags involved in type 1 and type 2 diabetes onset and their clinical complications. PubMed studies about the epigenetic tags involved in type 1 and 2 diabetes onset was searched. The epigenetic methylation maps of cord blood samples highlighted differences in the methylation status of CpG sites within the MHC genes between carriers of diabetes type 1 DR3-DQ2 and DR4-DQ8 risk haplotypes. β cell-derived unmethylated INS DNA showed the decline of β-cell mass preserving insulin secretion. Differentially methylated regions in pancreatic islets from type 2 diabetes covered PDX1, TCF7L2, and ADCY5 promoters during islet dysfunction. The recruitment of SET7 and SUV39H1 histone methyltransferases and LSD-1 lysine-specific demethylase-1 at NF-kβ-p65 promoter in vascular cells was involved in coronary heart disease. Neutrophil extracellular trap, activated by protein arginine deiminase-4, impaired wound healing from diabetic foot ulcers. MiR-199a-3p over-expression induced coagulative cascade, swelling and pain by a down-regulation of SERPIN-E2 in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. A DNA hypo-methylation and histone hyper-acetylation at MIOX promoter led an overexpression of ROS, fibronectin, HIF-1α, and NOX-4 associated with diabetic tubulopathy. A hypo-methylation of H3K4 at SOD2 promoter by LSD-1 increased ROS causing diabetic retinopathy. Epigenetics played a relevant role in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetes.",Journal of diabetes and its complications,2018,Linda Sommese; Giuditta Benincasa; Michele Lanza; Antonio Sorriento; Concetta Schiano; Roberta Lucchese; Roberto Alfano; Giovanni Francesco Nicoletti; Claudio Napoli,10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.08.012,Journal Article; Review,diabetes,False,Linda Sommese et al. (2018). Novel epigenetic-sensitive clinical challenges both in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Journal of diabetes and its complications.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30190170/
30176799,Mortality and cardiovascular disease burden of uncontrolled diabetes in a registry-based cohort: the ESCARVAL-risk study.,"Despite the epidemiological evidence about the relationship between diabetes, mortality and cardiovascular disease, information about the population impact of uncontrolled diabetes is scarce. We aimed to estimate the attributable risk associated with HbA1c levels for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular hospitalization. Prospective study of subjects with diabetes mellitus using electronic health records from the universal public health system in the Valencian Community, Spain 2008-2012. We included 19,140 men and women aged 30 years or older with diabetes who underwent routine health examinations in primary care. A total of 11,003 (57%) patients had uncontrolled diabetes defined as HbA1c ≥6.5%, and, among those, 5325 participants had HbA1c ≥7.5%. During an average follow-up time of 3.3 years, 499 deaths, 912 hospitalizations for coronary heart disease (CHD) and 786 hospitalizations for stroke were recorded. We observed a linear and increasingly positive dose-response of HbA1c levels and CHD hospitalization. The relative risk for all-cause mortality and CHD and stroke hospitalization comparing patients with and without uncontrolled diabetes was 1.29 (95 CI 1.08,1.55), 1.38 (95 CI 1.20,1.59) and 1.05 (95 CI 0.91, 1.21), respectively. The population attributable risk (PAR) associated with uncontrolled diabetes was 13.6% (95% CI; 4.0-23.9) for all-cause mortality, 17.9% (95% CI; 10.5-25.2) for CHD and 2.7% (95% CI; - 5.5-10.8) for stroke hospitalization. In a large general-practice cohort of patients with diabetes, uncontrolled glucose levels were associated with a substantial mortality and cardiovascular disease burden.",BMC cardiovascular disorders,2018,Jorge Navarro-Pérez; Domingo Orozco-Beltran; Vicente Gil-Guillen; Vicente Pallares; Francisco Valls; Antonio Fernandez; Ana María Perez-Navarro; Carlos Sanchis; Alejandro Dominguez-Lucas; Jose M Martin-Moreno; Josep Redon; Maria Tellez-Plaza,10.1186/s12872-018-0914-1,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",diabetes,False,Jorge Navarro-Pérez et al. (2018). Mortality and cardiovascular disease burden of uncontrolled diabetes in a registry-based cohort: the ESCARVAL-risk study. BMC cardiovascular disorders.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30176799/
29100895,Obesity phenotypes and their paradoxical association with cardiovascular diseases.,"The pro-inflammatory state of the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is supposed to accelerate cardiovascular (CV) and metabolic diseases in obese subjects. Some studies have recently reported an improved CV prognosis in certain obese and overweight patients as compared with leaner ones. This phenomenon, known as the ""obesity paradox"" (OP), has been described in many chronic diseases. This narrative review is based on the material searched for and obtained via PubMed and Web of Science up to May 2017. The search terms we used were: ""obesity, paradox, adipose tissue"" in combination with ""cardiovascular, coronary heart disease, heart failure, arrhythmias"". Using the current Body Mass Index (BMI)-based obesity definition, individuals with different clinical and biochemical characteristics are gathered together in the same category. Emerging evidence point to the existence of many ""Obesity phenotypes"" with different association with CV risk, accordingly to physical and life-style features. In this narrative review, we discussed if obesity phenotypes may be associated with a different CV risk, potentially explaining the OP. As a globally accepted definition of obesity is still lacking, we emphasized the need of a new approach, which should consider the heterogeneity of obesity. Better defining ""obesities"" and related CV risk is critical to markedly improve the classical BMI-based definition of obesity.",European journal of internal medicine,2018,Alessandra Vecchié; Franco Dallegri; Federico Carbone; Aldo Bonaventura; Luca Liberale; Piero Portincasa; Gema Frühbeck; Fabrizio Montecucco,10.1016/j.ejim.2017.10.020,Journal Article; Review,bmi,False,Alessandra Vecchié et al. (2018). Obesity phenotypes and their paradoxical association with cardiovascular diseases. European journal of internal medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29100895/
30089337,Polycystic ovary syndrome and the risk of cardiometabolic complications in longitudinal studies.,"The purpose of this study was to perform a review of the longitudinal studies to determine whether polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with higher prevalence of metabolic complications and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The primary outcomes included body mass index, metabolic syndrome and its components (waist circumference, lipid profile, arterial hypertension, abnormal glucose metabolism (impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes), insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases like stroke, angina, and coronary heart disease. Complications in pregnant women were beyond the scope of this review. PubMed database (1992-2018) was searched to identify proper publications. Finally, data from 47 articles were analysed. Studies differed in the design (prospective, retrospective, cohort, observational), research methods, polycystic ovary syndrome diagnostic criteria, studied populations, race, and ethnicity of the participants. Based on the data collected, it appears that women with polycystic ovary syndrome have higher prevalence of obesity, abdominal fat distribution, dyslipidaemia and deterioration of glucose metabolism, but increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is not proven.",Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews,2018,Małgorzata Jacewicz-Święcka; Irina Kowalska,10.1002/dmrr.3054,Journal Article; Review,bmi,False,Małgorzata Jacewicz-Święcka et al. (2018). Polycystic ovary syndrome and the risk of cardiometabolic complications in longitudinal studies. Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30089337/
29282509,Predicted Coronary Heart Disease Risk Decreases in Obese Patients After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.,"To assess the reduction of 6 and 12 months postoperatively of Framingham risk score in morbidly obese patients with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). In total, 870 morbid obesity patients received LSG in Taipei Medical University Hospital from June 2007 to June 2014 were retrospectively studied preoperatively, 6 and 12 months after surgery. The coronary heart disease risk was calculated using Framingham risk score. The body mass index in men and women decreased from 43.3 ± 6.9, 39.2 ± 6.0 kg/m Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is efficient not only in the reduction of obesity and its related comorbidities but also in decreasing the long-term coronary event risk. Early intervention for the high-risk group is strongly recommended.",World journal of surgery,2018,Cheng-Chiao Huang; Weu Wang; Ray-Jade Chen; Po-Li Wei; Ching Tzao; Ping-Ling Chen,10.1007/s00268-017-4416-6,Journal Article,bmi,False,Cheng-Chiao Huang et al. (2018). Predicted Coronary Heart Disease Risk Decreases in Obese Patients After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy. World journal of surgery.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29282509/
29320517,Explaining the decline in coronary heart disease mortality rates in the Slovak Republic between 1993-2008.,"Between the years 1993 and 2008, mortality rates from coronary heart disease (CHD) in the Slovak Republic have decreased by almost one quarter. However, this was a smaller decline than in neighbouring countries. The aim of this modelling study was therefore to quantify the contributions of risk factor changes and the use of evidence-based medical therapies to the CHD mortality decline between 1993 and 2008. We identified, obtained and scrutinised the data required for the model. These data detailed trends in the major population cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, blood pressure, total cholesterol, diabetes prevalence, body mass index (BMI) and physical activity levels), and also the uptake of all standard CHD treatments. The main data sources were official statistics (National Health Information Centre and Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic) and national representative studies (AUDIT, SLOVAKS, SLOVASeZ, CINDI, EHES, EHIS). The previously validated IMPACT policy model was then used to combine and integrate these data with effect sizes from published meta-analyses quantifying the effectiveness of specific evidence-based treatments, and population-wide changes in cardiovascular risk factors. Results were expressed as deaths prevented or postponed (DPPs) attributable to risk factor changes or treatments. Uncertainties were explored using sensitivity analyses. Between 1993 and 2008 age-adjusted CHD mortality rates in the Slovak Republic (SR) decreased by 23% in men and 26% in women aged 25-74 years. This represented some 1820 fewer CHD deaths in 2008 than expected if mortality rates had not fallen. The IMPACT model explained 91% of this mortality decline. Approximately 50% of the decline was attributable to changes in acute phase and secondary prevention treatments, particularly acute and chronic treatments for heart failure (≈12%), acute coronary syndrome treatments (≈9%) and secondary prevention following AMI and revascularisation (≈8%). Changes in CHD risk factors explained approximately 41% of the total mortality decrease, mainly reflecting reductions in total serum cholesterol. However, other risk factors demonstrated adverse trends and thus generated approximately 740 additional deaths. Our analysis suggests that approximately half the CHD mortality fall recently observed in the SR may be attributable to the increased use of evidence-based treatments. However, the adverse trends observed in all the major cardiovascular risk factors (apart from total cholesterol) are deeply worrying. They highlight the need for more energetic population-wide prevention policies such as tobacco control, reducing salt and industrial trans fats content in processed food, clearer food labelling and regulated marketing of processed foods and sugary drinks.",PloS one,2018,Marek Psota; Piotr Bandosz; Eva Gonçalvesová; Mária Avdičová; Mária Bucek Pšenková; Martin Studenčan; Jarmila Pekarčíková; Simon Capewell; Martin O'Flaherty,10.1371/journal.pone.0190090,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Validation Study",bmi,False,Marek Psota et al. (2018). Explaining the decline in coronary heart disease mortality rates in the Slovak Republic between 1993-2008. PloS one.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29320517/
29229303,Pretransplant coronary artery disease is a predictor for myocardial infarction and cardiac death after liver transplantation.,"Cardiovascular disease is a serious problem of liver transplant (LT) recipients because of increased cardiovascular risk due to immunosuppressive therapy, higher age, intraoperative risk and comorbidities (such as diabetes and nicotine abuse). Reported frequency of cardiovascular events after LT shows a high variability between different LT cohorts. Our aim was to analyze a cohort of LT recipients from a single center in Germany to evaluate frequency of the cardiovascular endpoints (CVE) myocardial infarction and/or cardiac death after LT and to investigate correlations of CVE post LT with pretransplant patient characteristics. In total, data from 352 LT patients were analyzed. Patients were identified from an administrative transplant database, and all data were retrieved from patients' charts and reports. During the median follow-up of 4.0 (0-13) years, 10 cases of CVE were documented (six myocardial infarctions and four coronary deaths). The frequency of CVE did not differ according to classic cardiovascular risk factors such as body mass index (p=0.071), total cholesterol (p=0.533), hypertension (p=0.747), smoking (p=1.000) and pretransplant diabetes mellitus (p=0.146). In patients with pretransplant coronary heart disease (n=24; 6.8%) CVE were found more frequently (p=0.024). In summary, we found a rate of 2.8% CVE after LT in a German transplant cohort. Pretransplant CHD was the only risk factor for CVE, but showed no significant impact on overall survival.",European journal of internal medicine,2018,F Darstein; M Hoppe-Lotichius; J Vollmar; V Weyer-Elberich; A Zimmermann; J Mittler; G Otto; H Lang; P R Galle; T Zimmermann,10.1016/j.ejim.2017.12.001,Journal Article,bmi,False,F Darstein et al. (2018). Pretransplant coronary artery disease is a predictor for myocardial infarction and cardiac death after liver transplantation. European journal of internal medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29229303/
29048205,Cardiac rehabilitation after percutaneous coronary intervention: Results from a nationwide survey.,"The purpose of this study was to estimate the proportion of Norwegian coronary heart disease patients participating in cardiac rehabilitation programmes after percutaneous coronary intervention, and to determine predictors of cardiac rehabilitation participation. Participants were patients enrolled in the Norwegian Coronary Stent Trial. We assessed cardiac rehabilitation participation in 9013 of these patients who had undergone their first percutaneous coronary intervention during 2008-2011. Of these, 7068 patients (82%) completed a self-administered questionnaire on cardiac rehabilitation participation within three years after their percutaneous coronary intervention. Twenty-eight per cent of the participants reported engaging in cardiac rehabilitation. Participation rate differed among the four regional health authorities in Norway, varying from 20%-31%. Patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for an acute coronary syndrome were more likely to participate in cardiac rehabilitation than patients with stable angina (odds ratio 3.2; 95% confidence interval 2.74-3.76). A multivariate statistical model revealed that men had a 28% lower probability ( p12 years (odds ratio 1.50; 95% confidence interval 1.32-1.71) and body mass index>25 (odds ratio 1.19; 95% confidence interval 1.05-1.36). Prior coronary artery bypass graft was associated with lower odds of cardiac rehabilitation participation (odds ratio 0.47; 95% confidence interval 0.32-0.70) Conclusion: The estimated cardiac rehabilitation participation rate among patients undergoing first-time percutaneous coronary intervention is low in Norway. The typical participant is young, overweight, well-educated, and had an acute coronary event. These results varied by geographical region.",European journal of cardiovascular nursing,2018,Siv Js Olsen; Henrik Schirmer; Kaare H Bønaa; Tove A Hanssen,10.1177/1474515117737766,"Journal Article; Observational Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",bmi,False,Siv Js Olsen et al. (2018). Cardiac rehabilitation after percutaneous coronary intervention: Results from a nationwide survey. European journal of cardiovascular nursing.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29048205/
29519349,"Sustained Physical Activity, Not Weight Loss, Associated With Improved Survival in Coronary Heart Disease.","Individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD) are recommended to be physically active and to maintain a healthy weight. There is a lack of data on how long-term changes in body mass index (BMI) and physical activity (PA) relate to mortality in this population. This study sought to determine the associations among changes in BMI, PA, and mortality in individuals with CHD. The authors studied 3,307 individuals (1,038 women) with CHD from the HUNT (Nord-Trøndelag Health Study) with examinations in 1985, 1996, and 2007, followed until the end of 2014. They calculated the hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality according to changes in BMI and PA, and estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for age, smoking, blood pressure, diabetes, alcohol, and self-reported health. There were 1,493 deaths during 30 years of follow-up (55% from CVD, median 15.7 years). Weight loss, classified as change in BMI <-0.10 kg/m The study observed no mortality risk reductions associated with weight loss in individuals with CHD, and reduced mortality risk associated with weight gain in individuals who were normal weight at baseline. Sustained PA, however, was associated with substantial risk reduction.",Journal of the American College of Cardiology,2018,Trine Moholdt; Carl J Lavie; Javaid Nauman,10.1016/j.jacc.2018.01.011,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",bmi,False,"Trine Moholdt et al. (2018). Sustained Physical Activity, Not Weight Loss, Associated With Improved Survival in Coronary Heart Disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29519349/
29785959,Common Carotid Artery Diameter and Risk of Cardiovascular Events and Mortality: Pooled Analyses of Four Cohort Studies.,"Carotid arterial diameter enlargement is a manifestation of arterial remodeling and may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the association between carotid artery diameter and risk of stroke, coronary heart disease, CVD, and all-cause mortality and explored whether the associations could be explained by processes involved in arterial remodeling, that is, blood pressure-related media thickening, arterial stiffness, arterial wall stress, and atherosclerosis. We included 4887 participants (mean age 67±9 years; 54% women) from 4 cohort studies: Rotterdam Study, NEPHROTEST, Hoorn Study, and a study by Blacher et al. Common carotid artery properties were measured using echotracking. Incident cases were recorded based on medical records. We used Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors and estimates of processes underlying arterial remodeling. During follow-up (mean, 11 years), 379 (8%) individuals had a stroke, 516 had a (11%) coronary heart disease, 807 had a (17%) CVD, and 1486 (30%) had died. After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, individuals in the highest tertile of carotid diameter (diameter >8 mm) compared with those in the lowest tertile (diameter <7 mm) had a higher incidence of stroke (hazard ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.0). From all estimates of processes underlying arterial remodeling, adjustment for carotid intima-media thickness attenuated this association (hazard ratio after adjustment for intima-media thickness, 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.9-1.6). Larger carotid diameter was associated with risk of CVD and mortality but not clearly with coronary heart disease risk. We showed that a larger carotid diameter is associated with incident stroke, CVD, and mortality. Carotid intima-media thickness, a measure of blood pressure-related media thickening, partially explained the association with stroke incidence.","Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)",2018,Sanaz Sedaghat; Thomas T van Sloten; Stéphane Laurent; Gérard M London; Bruno Pannier; Maryam Kavousi; Francesco Mattace-Raso; Oscar H Franco; Pierre Boutouyrie; M Arfan Ikram; Coen D A Stehouwer,10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11253,"Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,False,"Sanaz Sedaghat et al. (2018). Common Carotid Artery Diameter and Risk of Cardiovascular Events and Mortality: Pooled Analyses of Four Cohort Studies. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979).",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29785959/
29574850,Genetic diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia is associated with a premature and high coronary heart disease risk.,"Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common autosomal dominant disease associated with premature coronary heart disease (CHD). Studies tend to show that patients with FH associated with an identified mutation (mutation+ FH) are at higher risk than patients without an identified mutation (mutation- FH). We compared the clinical and biological profile and the risk of CHD in patients with mutation+ FH and mutation- FH. In addition to LDL-C, a pathogenic mutation predicts premature CHD in FH. We successively included all patients with suspected FH (LDL-C > 190 mg/dL if age > 18 years; LDL-C > 160 mg/dL if age < 18 years) and compared patients with a pathogenic mutation with those without an identified pathogenic mutation. We studied 179 patients with mutation+ FH and 147 with mutation- FH. The mean age was 44 (± 18) years. The lipid profile was more atherogenic in those with mutation+ FH, who had higher LDL-C (254 ± 69 mg/dL vs 218 ± 35 mg/dL; P < 0.01) and lower HDL-C (53 ± 14 mg/dL vs 58 ± 17 mg/dL; P < 0.01). Despite the more atherogenic nonlipid cardiovascular profile of patients with mutation- FH, the age of CHD onset was earlier in patients with mutation+ FH (48 vs 56 years; P = 0.026). After multiple adjustment, the presence of a positive mutation was significantly associated with premature CHD (OR: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.38-6.55, P < 0.01). Patients with mutation+ FH have a more atherogenic lipid profile and a 3-fold higher risk of premature CHD, as well as earlier onset of CHD, than patients with mutation- FH.",Clinical cardiology,2018,Florent Séguro; Jean-Pierre Rabès; Dorota Taraszkiewicz; Jean-Bernard Ruidavets; Vanina Bongard; Jean Ferrières,10.1002/clc.22881,Journal Article,age,False,Florent Séguro et al. (2018). Genetic diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia is associated with a premature and high coronary heart disease risk. Clinical cardiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29574850/
30729117,Value of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Albuminuria in Predicting Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes without Cardiovascular Disease.,"Onset of nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) increases the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Association of the parameters of diabetic nephropathy such as albuminuria and estimated Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with predicted CVD risk has not been studied in Sri Lankan patients with T2DM. In a cross-sectional study of patients who underwent single visit screening at a diabetes center in Sri Lanka, we obtained demographic and biochemical data. Those with urine albumin excretion over 30 mg/g creatinine were considered as having albuminuria, and eGFR was calculated using modified diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula. Ten-year coronary heart disease risk (CHDR) in all patients was calculated using United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study risk engine, and those with CHDR > 10% were considered as having high risk. Spearman correlation was used to study the association between eGFR and CHDR, and logistic regression analysis was carried out to study the association of albuminuria and eGFR with high (>10%) CHDR. Of the patients with diabetes studied (n=2434), 64% (1563) were males. Mean (SD) age and duration of diabetes were 52 (11) and 9 (3) years, respectively. Normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria were observed in 16.4%, 14.8%, and 68.7% of patients, respectively. Three hundred ninety-four (16.2%) patients had eGFR 60 ml/min (P < 0.01). On logistic regression, nephropathy according to eGFR became a strong predictor for high CHDR (OR; 3.497, 95% CI 2.08 to 5.87), and nephropathy according to albuminuria and both albuminuria and eGFR was not significant predictor of CHDR. Predicted CHDR shows a moderate and significant association with eGFR in patients with T2DM without symptomatic CVD. eGFR is a stronger predictor than albuminuria in predicting high CHDR in patients with T2DM. Intensification of CVD prevention measures should be done more confidently among patients with T2DM and reduced eGFR than in those with albuminuria alone.",BioMed research international,2018,Thilak Weerarathna; Gayani Liyanage; Meththananda Herath; Miyuru Weerarathna; Isuru Amarasinghe,10.1155/2018/8178043,Journal Article,age,False,Thilak Weerarathna et al. (2018). Value of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Albuminuria in Predicting Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes without Cardiovascular Disease. BioMed research international.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30729117/
29440033,Trajectories of Long-Term Normal Fasting Plasma Glucose and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study.,"Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels can vary over time and its longitudinal changing patterns may predict cardiometabolic risk. We aim to identify different trajectories of FPG in those who remained normoglycemic and investigate the association between trajectory groups and coronary heart disease risk in a large prospective cohort study. A total of 20 514 subjects between ages 20 and 80 years were included at baseline. All participants had maintained normal FPG throughout an average follow-up period of 5.8 years. We identified 3 distinct trajectories using a group-based trajectory model, labeled by initial value and changing pattern: low-increasing (n=12 694), high-increasing-decreasing (n=5330), and high-decreasing-increasing (n=2490). The coronary heart disease incidence density among these 3 groups (3.00, 4.05, and 3.26 per 1000 person-years, respectively) was significantly different ( Distinct trajectories of long-term normal FPG are associated with the development of coronary heart disease, which is independent of other metabolic factors including FPG levels. These findings have implications for intervention and prevention of coronary heart disease among individuals who are normoglycemic.",Journal of the American Heart Association,2018,Zhongshang Yuan; Yang Yang; Chunxia Wang; Jing Liu; Xiubin Sun; Yi Liu; Shengxu Li; Fuzhong Xue,10.1161/JAHA.117.007607,"Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,False,Zhongshang Yuan et al. (2018). Trajectories of Long-Term Normal Fasting Plasma Glucose and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study. Journal of the American Heart Association.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29440033/
29199181,"Takeaway meal consumption and risk markers for coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity in children aged 9-10 years: a cross-sectional study.","To investigate associations between takeaway meal consumption and risk markers for coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity risk markers in children. A cross-sectional, school-based observational study. 85 primary schools across London, Birmingham and Leicester. 1948 UK primary school children in year 5, aged 9-10 years. Children reported their frequency of takeaway meal consumption, completed a 24-hour dietary recall, had physical measurements and provided a fasting blood sample. Among 1948 participants with complete data, 499 (26%) never/hardly ever consumed a takeaway meal, 894 (46%) did so <1/week and 555 (28%) did ≥1/week. In models adjusted for age, sex, month, school, ethnicity and socioeconomic status, more frequent takeaway meal consumption was associated with higher dietary intakes of energy, fat % energy and saturated fat % energy and higher energy density (all P trend <0.001) and lower starch, protein and micronutrient intakes (all P trend <0.05). A higher frequency of takeaway meal consumption was associated with higher serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P trend=0.04, 0.01, respectively); children eating a takeaway meal ≥1/week had total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol 0.09 mmol/L (95% CI 0.01 to 0.18) and 0.10 mmol/L (95% CI 0.02 to 0.18) higher respectively than children never/hardly ever eating a takeaway meal; their fat mass index was also higher. More frequent takeaway meal consumption in children was associated with unhealthy dietary nutrient intake patterns and potentially with adverse longer term consequences for obesity and coronary heart disease risk.",Archives of disease in childhood,2018,Angela S Donin; Claire M Nightingale; Chris G Owen; Alicja R Rudnicka; Derek G Cook; Peter H Whincup,10.1136/archdischild-2017-312981,"Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Observational Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,False,"Angela S Donin et al. (2018). Takeaway meal consumption and risk markers for coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity in children aged 9-10 years: a cross-sectional study. Archives of disease in childhood.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29199181/
29098612,Exercise Benefits Coronary Heart Disease.,"Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a group of diseases that include: no symptoms, angina, myocardial infarction, ischemia cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death. And it results from multiple risks factors consisting of invariable factors (e.g. age, gender, etc.) and variable factors (e.g. dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, etc.). Meanwhile, CHD could cause impact not only localized in the heart, but also on pulmonary function, whole-body skeletal muscle function, activity ability, psychological status, etc. Nowadays, CHD has been the leading cause of death in the world. However, many clinical researches showed that exercise training plays an important role in cardiac rehabilitation and can bring a lot of benefits for CHD patients.",Advances in experimental medicine and biology,2017,Lei Wang; Dongmei Ai; Ning Zhang,10.1007/978-981-10-4304-8_1,Journal Article,diabetes; hypertension; smoking,False,Lei Wang et al. (2017). Exercise Benefits Coronary Heart Disease. Advances in experimental medicine and biology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29098612/
28824916,"Cocoa, Blood Pressure, and Vascular Function.","Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the most common cause of death worldwide. The consumption of natural polyphenol-rich foods, and cocoa in particular, has been related to a reduced risk of CVD, including coronary heart disease and stroke. Intervention studies strongly suggest that cocoa exerts a beneficial impact on cardiovascular health, through the reduction of blood pressure (BP), improvement of vascular function, modulation of lipid and glucose metabolism, and reduction of platelet aggregation. These potentially beneficial effects have been shown in healthy subjects as well as in patients with risk factors (arterial hypertension, diabetes, and smoking) or established CVD (coronary heart disease or heart failure). Several potential mechanisms are supposed to be responsible for the positive effect of cocoa; among them activation of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, increased bioavailability of NO as well as antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is the aim of this review to summarize the findings of cocoa and chocolate on BP and vascular function.",Frontiers in nutrition,2017,Valeria Ludovici; Jens Barthelmes; Matthias P Nägele; Frank Enseleit; Claudio Ferri; Andreas J Flammer; Frank Ruschitzka; Isabella Sudano,10.3389/fnut.2017.00036,Journal Article; Review,smoking,False,"Valeria Ludovici et al. (2017). Cocoa, Blood Pressure, and Vascular Function. Frontiers in nutrition.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28824916/
28877684,Medical and sociodemographic factors predict persistent smoking after coronary events.,"Understanding the determinants of persistent smoking after a coronary event constitutes the basis of modelling interventions of smoking cessation in secondary prevention programs. We aim to identify the potentially modifiable medical, sociodemographic and psychosocial factors, comprising the study factors, associated with unfavourable risk factor control after CHD events. A cross-sectional explorative study used logistic regression analysis to investigate the association between study factors and smoking status in 1083 patients hospitalized with myocardial infarction and/or coronary revascularization. Hospital record data, a self-report questionnaire, clinical examination and blood samples were applied. At the index hospitalization, 390 patients were smoking and at follow-up after 2-36 months 167 (43%) of these had quit, while 230 reported persistent smoking. In adjusted analyses, unemployed or disability benefits (Odds ratio (OR) 4.1), low education (OR 3.5), longer smoking duration (OR 2.3) and not having ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) as index event (OR 2.3) were significantly associated with persistent smoking. Psychosocial factors at follow-up were not associated with persistent smoking. Smokers reported high motivation for cessation, with 68% wanting help to quit. Only 42% had been offered nicotine replacement therapy or other cessation aids. Smokers rated use of tobacco as the most important cause of their coronary disease (6.8 on a 1-10 Likert scale). Low socioeconomic status, prior duration of smoking, and not having STEMI as index event were associated with persisting smoking. Persistent smokers in this study seem to have an acceptable risk perception and were motivated to cease smoking, but needed assistance through cessation programs including prescription of pharmacological aids. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02309255 , registered retrospectively.",BMC cardiovascular disorders,2017,Elise Sverre; Jan Erik Otterstad; Erik Gjertsen; Lars Gullestad; Einar Husebye; Toril Dammen; Torbjørn Moum; John Munkhaugen,10.1186/s12872-017-0676-1,Journal Article,smoking,False,Elise Sverre et al. (2017). Medical and sociodemographic factors predict persistent smoking after coronary events. BMC cardiovascular disorders.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28877684/
28693430,Risk factors for coronary artery disease in patients undergoing elective coronary angiography in Jordan.,"Unhealthy lifestyle factors such as smoking, obesity, inactivity and type 2 diabetes are endemic in the Middle East. The public health consequences might be detrimental; however, local studies on risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) are scarce. Patients referred for coronary angiography at a tertiary hospital in Amman, Jordan, between January and December 2015, were included in this study. Risk factors for CAD were assessed in a multivariate logistic regression model, and presented as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Among 557 participants, 356 (63.9%) had CAD and 201 (36.1%) had a normal cardiogram. The majority (n = 395, 70.9%) were male, and median age was 55 years (interquartile range 47-64). Two-hundred-and-fifteen (38.6%) individuals reported previous diabetes, and 287 (51.5%) were current or previous smokers. In multivariate analysis, male gender (OR 3.7, 95% CI 2.3-6.0), age (45-54 years: OR 4.8, 95% CI 2.7-8.5; 55-64 years: OR 6.0, 95% CI 3.2-11.4; ≥65 years: OR 15.7, 95% CI 7.8-31.3), previous diabetes (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.7-4.1) and current/previous smoking (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.4) were significant predictors of CAD. Age, gender, diabetes and smoking were strong and significant risk factors for CAD in Jordan. Public health interventions to reduce the prevalence of smoking and diabetes are urgently needed.",BMC cardiovascular disorders,2017,Abdel-Ellah Al-Shudifat; Asgeir Johannessen; Mohammed Azab; Amjad Al-Shdaifat; Suhad Sameer AbuMweis; Lana M Agraib; Reema F Tayyem,10.1186/s12872-017-0620-4,Journal Article,smoking,False,Abdel-Ellah Al-Shudifat et al. (2017). Risk factors for coronary artery disease in patients undergoing elective coronary angiography in Jordan. BMC cardiovascular disorders.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28693430/
28645070,Passive smoking and mortality from aortic dissection or aneurysm.,"Evidence on the association between passive smoking and risk of aortic dissection or aneurysm is limited. This study aimed to investigate whether passive smoking increases risk of mortality from aortic dissection or aneurysm. The Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study is a prospective community-based cohort study begun in 1988-90 and followed up to the end of 2009. We examined 48,677 individuals (mean age, 56 years; women, 46%) without history of stroke, coronary heart disease, or cancer, who provided valid responses to a lifestyle questionnaire including questions on active and passive smoking. We used 3 categories (passive smoking out of home, passive smoking at home, and passive smoking out of or at home combined) to divide never-smokers into 3 exposure groups: low, intermediate, and high exposures, respectively. The endpoint was underlying cause of death from aortic dissection or aneurysm. During the median 19-year follow-up of 48,677 study participants, 66 died of aortic dissection, and 75 of aortic aneurysm. Multivariable hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the high passive-smoking group as compared with the low passive-smoking group were 2.45 (1.02-5.88) out of home, 1.82 (0.84-3.96) at home, and 2.35 (1.09-5.09) out of or at home combined. The corresponding hazard ratios for current smokers as compared with the low passive-smoking group were 3.97 (2.14-7.39), 3.41 (1.84-6.32) and 4.09 (1.99-8.39), respectively. Out-of-home passive smoking and out-of- or at-home combined passive smoking were associated with increased mortality from aortic dissection or aneurysm.",Atherosclerosis,2017,Tomomi Kihara; Kazumasa Yamagishi; Hiroyasu Iso; Akiko Tamakoshi,10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.022,Journal Article,smoking,False,Tomomi Kihara et al. (2017). Passive smoking and mortality from aortic dissection or aneurysm. Atherosclerosis.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28645070/
28222901,Pharmacotherapy in smoking cessation: Corticotropin Releasing Factor receptors as emerging intervention targets.,"Smoking represents perhaps the single most important health risk factor and a global contributor to mortality that can unquestionably be prevented. Smoking is responsible for many diseases, including various types of cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease and peptic ulcer, while it adversely affects fetal formation and development. Since smoking habit duration is a critical factor for mortality, the goal of treatment should be its timely cessation and relapse prevention. Drug intervention therapy is an important ally in smoking cessation. Significant positive steps have been achieved in the last few years in the development of supportive compounds. In the present review, we analyze reports studying the role of Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF), the principle neuroendocrine mediator of the stress response and its two receptors (CRF1 and CRF2) in the withdrawal phase as well as in the abstinence from nicotine use. Although still in pre-clinical evaluation, therapeutic implications of these data were investigated in order to highlight potential pharmaceutical interventions.",Neuropeptides,2017,Ioannis Sotiriou; Kleanthi Chalkiadaki; Christos Nikolaidis; Kyriaki Sidiropoulou; Ekaterini Chatzaki,10.1016/j.npep.2017.02.082,Journal Article; Review,smoking,False,Ioannis Sotiriou et al. (2017). Pharmacotherapy in smoking cessation: Corticotropin Releasing Factor receptors as emerging intervention targets. Neuropeptides.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28222901/
28301496,"Equity in healthcare for coronary heart disease, Wales (UK) 2004-2010: A population-based electronic cohort study.","Despite substantial falls in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in the United Kingdom (UK), marked socioeconomic inequalities in CHD risk factors and CHD mortality persist. We investigated whether inequity in CHD healthcare in Wales (UK) could contribute to the observed social gradient in CHD mortality. Linking data from primary and secondary care we constructed an electronic cohort of individuals (n = 1199342) with six year follow-up, 2004-2010. We identified indications for recommended CHD interventions, measured time to their delivery, and estimated risk of receiving the interventions for each of five ordered deprivation groups using a time-to-event approach with Cox regression frailty models. Interventions in primary and secondary prevention included risk-factor measurement, smoking management, statins and antihypertensive therapy, and in established CHD included medication and revascularization. For primary prevention, five of the 11 models favoured the more deprived and one favoured the less deprived. For medication in secondary prevention and established CHD, one of the 15 models favoured the more deprived and one the less deprived. In relation to revascularization, six of the 12 models favoured the less deprived and none favoured the more deprived-this evidence of inequity exemplified by a hazard ratio for revascularization in stable angina of 0.79 (95% confidence interval 0.68, 0.92). The main study limitation is the possibility of under-ascertainment or misclassification of clinical indications and treatment from variability in coding. Primary care components of CHD healthcare were equitably delivered. Evidence of inequity was found for revascularization procedures, although this inequity is likely to have only a modest effect on social gradients in CHD mortality. Policymakers should focus on reducing inequalities in CHD risk factors, particularly smoking, as these, rather than inequity in healthcare, are likely to be key drivers of inequalities in CHD mortality.",PloS one,2017,William King; Arron Lacey; James White; Daniel Farewell; Frank Dunstan; David Fone,10.1371/journal.pone.0172618,Historical Article; Journal Article,smoking,False,"William King et al. (2017). Equity in healthcare for coronary heart disease, Wales (UK) 2004-2010: A population-based electronic cohort study. PloS one.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28301496/
28679436,Effects of aerobic exercise on lipids and lipoproteins.,"Dyslipidemia is the risk of cardiovascular disease, and their relationship is clear. Lowering serum cholesterol can reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. At present, the main treatment is taking medicine, however, drug treatment has its limitations. Exercise not only has a positive effect on individuals with dyslipidemia, but can also help improve lipids profile. This review is intending to provide information on the effects of exercise training on both tranditional lipids, for example, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and new lipids and lipoproteins such as non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and postprandial lipoprotein. The mechanisms of aerobic exercise on lipids and lipoproteins are also briefly described.",Lipids in health and disease,2017,Yating Wang; Danyan Xu,10.1186/s12944-017-0515-5,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,Yating Wang et al. (2017). Effects of aerobic exercise on lipids and lipoproteins. Lipids in health and disease.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28679436/
29103089,HDL Cholesterol Metabolism and the Risk of CHD: New Insights from Human Genetics.,"Elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the blood (HDL-C) represent one of the strongest epidemiological surrogates for protection against coronary heart disease (CHD), but recent human genetic and pharmacological intervention studies have raised controversy about the causality of this relationship. Here, we review recent discoveries from human genome studies using new analytic tools as well as relevant animal studies that have both addressed, and in some cases, fueled this controversy. Methodologic developments in genotyping and sequencing, such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS), exome sequencing, and exome array genotyping, have been applied to the study of HDL-C and risk of CHD in large, multi-ethnic populations. Some of these efforts focused on population-wide variation in common variants have uncovered new polymorphisms at novel loci associated with HDL-C and, in some cases, CHD risk. Other efforts have discovered loss-of-function variants for the first time in genes previously implicated in HDL metabolism through common variant studies or animal models. These studies have allowed the genetic relationship between these pathways, HDL-C and CHD to be explored in humans for the first time through analysis tools such as Mendelian randomization. We explore these discoveries for selected key HDL-C genes CETP, LCAT, LIPG, SCARB1, and novel loci implicated from GWAS including GALNT2, KLF14, and TTC39B. Recent human genetics findings have identified new nodes regulating HDL metabolism while reshaping our current understanding of known candidate genes to HDL and CHD risk through the study of critical variants across model systems. Despite their effect on HDL-C, variants in many of the reviewed genes were found to lack any association with CHD. These data collectively indicate that HDL-C concentration, which represents a static picture of a very dynamic and heterogeneous metabolic milieu, is unlikely to be itself causally protective against CHD. In this context, human genetics represent an extremely valuable tool to further explore the biological mechanisms regulating HDL metabolism and investigate what role, if any, HDL plays in the pathogenesis of CHD.",Current cardiology reports,2017,Cecilia Vitali; Sumeet A Khetarpal; Daniel J Rader,10.1007/s11886-017-0940-0,"Journal Article; Review; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural",cholesterol,False,Cecilia Vitali et al. (2017). HDL Cholesterol Metabolism and the Risk of CHD: New Insights from Human Genetics. Current cardiology reports.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29103089/
29050566,"How Low to Go With Glucose, Cholesterol, and Blood Pressure in Primary Prevention of CVD.","Diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension are modifiable risk factors that predict cardiovascular disease events. The effect of these risk factors on incident cardiovascular disease increases with progressively higher levels of glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure. The thresholds for initiating treatment of these modifiable risk factors and the optimal goals of risk factor modification are a focus of primary prevention research. Although an aggressive approach is appealing, adverse events may occur, and potential physiological barriers may exist. This paper discusses primary prevention of coronary heart disease that may be achieved through modification of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension by summarizing current guidelines and pertinent clinical trial data from intervention trials that included a primary prevention cohort.",Journal of the American College of Cardiology,2017,Kimberly N Hong; Valentin Fuster; Robert S Rosenson; Clive Rosendorff; Deepak L Bhatt,10.1016/j.jacc.2017.09.001,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,"Kimberly N Hong et al. (2017). How Low to Go With Glucose, Cholesterol, and Blood Pressure in Primary Prevention of CVD. Journal of the American College of Cardiology.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29050566/
27690713,Targeting microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and lipoprotein assembly to treat homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.,"Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is a polygenic disease arising from defects in the clearance of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which results in extremely elevated plasma LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and increased risk of atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and premature death. Conventional lipid-lowering therapies, such as statins and ezetimibe, are ineffective at lowering plasma cholesterol to safe levels in these patients. Other therapeutic options, such as LDL apheresis and liver transplantation, are inconvenient, costly, and not readily available. Recently, lomitapide was approved by the Federal Drug Administration as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of HoFH. Lomitapide inhibits microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), reduces lipoprotein assembly and secretion, and lowers plasma cholesterol levels by over 50%. Here, we explain the steps involved in lipoprotein assembly, summarize the role of MTP in lipoprotein assembly, explore the clinical and molecular basis of HoFH, and review pre-clinical studies and clinical trials with lomitapide and other MTP inhibitors for the treatment of HoFH. In addition, ongoing research and new approaches underway for better treatment modalities are discussed.",Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences,2017,Meghan T Walsh; M Mahmood Hussain,10.1080/10408363.2016.1221883,"Journal Article; Review; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.",cholesterol,False,Meghan T Walsh et al. (2017). Targeting microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and lipoprotein assembly to treat homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27690713/
28969682,Current knowledge on the mechanism of atherosclerosis and pro-atherosclerotic properties of oxysterols.,"Due to the fact that one of the main causes of worldwide deaths are directly related to atherosclerosis, scientists are constantly looking for atherosclerotic factors, in an attempt to reduce prevalence of this disease. The most important known pro-atherosclerotic factors include: elevated levels of LDL, low HDL levels, obesity and overweight, diabetes, family history of coronary heart disease and cigarette smoking. Since finding oxidized forms of cholesterol - oxysterols - in lesion in the arteries, it has also been presumed they possess pro-atherosclerotic properties. The formation of oxysterols in the atherosclerosis lesions, as a result of LDL oxidation due to the inflammatory response of cells to mechanical stress, is confirmed. However, it is still unknown, what exactly oxysterols cause in connection with atherosclerosis, after gaining entry to the human body e.g., with food containing high amounts of cholesterol, after being heated. The in vivo studies should provide data to finally prove or disprove the thesis regarding the pro-atherosclerotic prosperities of oxysterols, yet despite dozens of available in vivo research some studies confirm such properties, other disprove them. In this article we present the current knowledge about the mechanism of formation of atherosclerotic lesions and we summarize available data on in vivo studies, which investigated whether oxysterols have properties to cause the formation and accelerate the progress of the disease. Additionally we will try to discuss why such different results were obtained in all in vivo studies.",Lipids in health and disease,2017,Adam Zmysłowski; Arkadiusz Szterk,10.1186/s12944-017-0579-2,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,Adam Zmysłowski et al. (2017). Current knowledge on the mechanism of atherosclerosis and pro-atherosclerotic properties of oxysterols. Lipids in health and disease.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28969682/
28209226,"Sleep Apnea: Types, Mechanisms, and Clinical Cardiovascular Consequences.","Sleep apnea is highly prevalent in patients with cardiovascular disease. These disordered breathing events are associated with a profile of perturbations that include intermittent hypoxia, oxidative stress, sympathetic activation, and endothelial dysfunction, all of which are critical mediators of cardiovascular disease. Evidence supports a causal association of sleep apnea with the incidence and morbidity of hypertension, coronary heart disease, arrhythmia, heart failure, and stroke. Several discoveries in the pathogenesis, along with developments in the treatment of sleep apnea, have accumulated in recent years. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of sleep apnea, the evidence that addresses the links between sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease, and research that has addressed the effect of sleep apnea treatment on cardiovascular disease and clinical endpoints. Finally, we review the recent development in sleep apnea treatment options, with special consideration of treating patients with heart disease. Future directions for selective areas are suggested.",Journal of the American College of Cardiology,2017,Shahrokh Javaheri; Ferran Barbe; Francisco Campos-Rodriguez; Jerome A Dempsey; Rami Khayat; Sogol Javaheri; Atul Malhotra; Miguel A Martinez-Garcia; Reena Mehra; Allan I Pack; Vsevolod Y Polotsky; Susan Redline; Virend K Somers,10.1016/j.jacc.2016.11.069,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,"Shahrokh Javaheri et al. (2017). Sleep Apnea: Types, Mechanisms, and Clinical Cardiovascular Consequences. Journal of the American College of Cardiology.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28209226/
27814628,Inflammatory biomarkers of coronary heart disease.,"Coronary heart disease (CHD), characterized by inflammation and accumulation of plaques mainly comprised of lipids, calcium and inflammatory cells in the walls of coronary arteries. CHD is exacerbated by specific cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. The current review focuses on the critical role of traditional inflammatory biomarkers, including interleukin-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), complement, CD40 and myeloperoxidase (MPO), in the pathogenesis of CHD.",Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition),2017,Hongyu Li; Kai Sun; Ruiping Zhao; Jiang Hu; Zhiru Hao; Fei Wang; Yaojun Lu; Fu Liu; Yong Zhang,10.2741/4498,"Journal Article; Review; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",diabetes; hypertension,False,Hongyu Li et al. (2017). Inflammatory biomarkers of coronary heart disease. Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition).,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27814628/
27815926,Hypertension Is a Risk Factor for Several Types of Heart Disease: Review of Prospective Studies.,"Many prospective cohort studies have demonstrated that hypertension is a strong risk factor for total mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Heart disease includes coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure, atrial fibrillation, valvular disease, sudden cardiac death (SCD), sick sinus syndrome (SSS), cardiomyopathy, and aortic aneurysms. Most of the epidemiologic prospective studies of heart disease focused on coronary/ischemic heart disease. Here we comprehensively reviewed the association between hypertension and the above-mentioned heart diseases. We found that CHD, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, aortic valvular disease, SCD, SSS, left ventricular hypertrophy, and abdominal aortic aneurysms were all associated with hypertension. Those relations tended to be stronger in men. The prevention of hypertension and lowering one's blood pressure may help reduce the risk of developing heart disease.",Advances in experimental medicine and biology,2017,Yoshihiro Kokubo; Chisa Matsumoto,10.1007/5584_2016_99,"Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review",hypertension,False,Yoshihiro Kokubo et al. (2017). Hypertension Is a Risk Factor for Several Types of Heart Disease: Review of Prospective Studies. Advances in experimental medicine and biology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27815926/
28185122,Multidisciplinary Approach in the Treatment of Resistant Hypertension.,"With its high prevalence and the eminent number of undetected or poorly controlled patients, the management of arterial hypertension is still a challenging task. Uncontrolled blood pressure is the major adjustable risk factor for cardiovascular end organ damage for coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, and renal disease. Patients with resistant hypertension often need a multidisciplinary approach in order to control their blood pressure sustainably. In cooperation with hypertension specialists, the underlying cause for therapy resistance should be evaluated. Pseudohypertension, white coat hypertension, and non-adherence need to be addressed. The medication can often be optimized and simplified. Reducing the number of pills per day can enhance the drug-adherence remarkably. The multidisciplinary evaluation of secondary causes of hypertension includes an endocrinological work-up, ruling out relevant sleeping disorders, and renal diagnostics. If there are no causative treatments possible and pharmacological and non-pharmacological measurements are not sufficient to control the blood pressure, one has to consider multidisciplinary approaches bringing nurses, pharmacists, dieticians, physiotherapists, social workers, psychologists, and community health workers onboard. Utilizing various strategies might improve medication management, patient follow-up, adherence, and self-management. Interventional therapy such as renal renervation, baroreflex activation therapy, or carotid body modulation is the final option that can be discussed with interventional active colleagues. However, large randomized controlled trials proving a benefit of these interventional therapies are still missing. The use of these still experimental approaches should be restricted to randomized controlled trials accordingly.",Current hypertension reports,2017,S A Potthoff; O Vonend,10.1007/s11906-017-0698-1,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,S A Potthoff et al. (2017). Multidisciplinary Approach in the Treatment of Resistant Hypertension. Current hypertension reports.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28185122/
28102522,Present and Future of Interventional Treatment of Resistant Hypertension.,"The increasing prevalence of hypertension, a significant cause of disability and premature death throughout the world, is a major public health concern. This is especially true for the subset of patients who suffer from resistant hypertension, which is associated with a fourfold greater risk of cardiovascular events as compared to those hypertensive patients able to achieve target blood pressure. Though quite daunting in number and ill effect, hypertension remains the most common and the most important modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, stroke, and chronic kidney disease. Therefore, the ongoing development of novel therapies for the management of hypertension is of utmost importance. This review evaluates the present and future of interventional treatment of resistant hypertension, most of which remains investigational and warrants critical assessment.",Current hypertension reports,2017,Ayhan Yoruk; Sinan S Tankut; John P Gassler; John D Bisognano,10.1007/s11906-017-0702-9,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Ayhan Yoruk et al. (2017). Present and Future of Interventional Treatment of Resistant Hypertension. Current hypertension reports.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28102522/
28965561,Obesity and CardiovascularDiseases.,"Obesity has reached epidemic proportions both in the United States and worldwide. There are numerous adverse effects on cardiac structure, hemodynamics, and cellular abnormalities, as well as increases in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, and depression. Despite these overwhelming findings, large amounts of evidence support the presence of an ""obesity paradox,"" where obese patients with CVD have a better prognosis than do lean or normal weight in patients with CVD. This review discusses the role of obesity in CVD risk factors and the implications of the obesity paradox in this subset of patients.",Current problems in cardiology,2017,Parham Parto; Carl J Lavie,10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2017.04.004,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Parham Parto et al. (2017). Obesity and CardiovascularDiseases. Current problems in cardiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28965561/
28669352,Impact of comorbidities on gout and hyperuricaemia: an update on prevalence and treatment options.,"Gout, the most prevalent inflammatory arthritis worldwide, is associated with cardiovascular and renal diseases, and is an independent predictor of premature death. The frequencies of obesity, chronic kidney disease (CKD), hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemias, cardiac diseases (including coronary heart disease, heart failure and atrial fibrillation), stroke and peripheral arterial disease have been repeatedly shown to be increased in gout. Therefore, the screening and care of these comorbidities as well as of cardiovascular risk factors are of outmost importance in patients with gout. Comorbidities, especially CKD, and drugs prescribed for their treatment, also impact gout management. Numerous epidemiological studies have shown the association of asymptomatic hyperuricaemia with the above-mentioned diseases and cardiovascular risk factors. Animal studies have also produced a mechanistic approach to the vascular toxicity of soluble urate. However, causality remains uncertain because confounders, reverse causality or common etiological factors might explain the epidemiological results. Additionally, these uncertainties remain unsolved despite recent studies using Mendelian randomisation or therapeutic approaches. Thus, large randomised placebo-controlled trials are still needed to assess the benefits of treating asymptomatic hyperuricaemia.",BMC medicine,2017,Thomas Bardin; Pascal Richette,10.1186/s12916-017-0890-9,Journal Article; Review,diabetes; hypertension,False,Thomas Bardin et al. (2017). Impact of comorbidities on gout and hyperuricaemia: an update on prevalence and treatment options. BMC medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28669352/
28545843,Diabetes and lifetime risk of coronary heart disease.,"Epidemiological estimate lifetime risk (LTR) is a measure that expresses the probability of disease in the remaining lifetime for individuals of a specific index age. These estimates can be useful for general audience targeted knowledge translation activities against diabetes. There are only a few reports on lifetime of impact of diabetes on coronary heart disease (CHD) events. The Suita Study, a cohort study of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), was established in 1989. We included all participants who were CVD free at baseline. Age (in years) was used as the time scale. Age-specific incidence rates were calculated with person-year method within ten-year bands. We estimated the sex and index-age specific LTR of first-ever CHD with taking the competing risk of death into account. We followed 5559 participants without CHD history during 1989-2007 for 71,745.4 person-years. At age 40 years the competing risk of death adjusted LTR for all CHD were 16.61% for men without diabetes and 21.06% for men with diabetes. Therefore the LTD for CHD was higher by 4.45% for men with diabetes compared to men without. The competing risk adjusted LTR of CHD at 40 years of aged women was 9.18% for without diabetes and 14.21% for with diabetes. This increased LTR of CHD for diabetic patients were observed among both men and women across all index ages. In this urban community based population we observed that diabetes has significant effect on the residual LTR of CHD among both men and women of middle age. This easy understandable knowledge can be used as important indexes to assist public health education and planning.",Primary care diabetes,2017,Tanvir Chowdhury Turin; Tomonori Okamura; Nahid Rumana; Arfan Raheen Afzal; Makoto Watanabe; Aya Higashiyama; Yoko M Nakao; Michikazu Nakai; Misa Takegami; Kunihiro Nishimura; Yoshihiro Kokubo; Akira Okayama; Yoshihiro Miyamoto,10.1016/j.pcd.2017.04.007,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",diabetes,False,Tanvir Chowdhury Turin et al. (2017). Diabetes and lifetime risk of coronary heart disease. Primary care diabetes.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28545843/
27515855,"Obesity, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases in India: Public Health Challenges.","Non-communicable diseases (NCDs; including coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes) are rapidly increasing in India causing nearly 5.8 million deaths per year. Primary reasons for rise in NCDs in India are nutrition and lifestyle transitions. Further, presence of higher body fat, abdominal fat, liver and pancreatic fat and lower lean mass than whites, contribute to heightened metabolic and cardiovascular risk in Asian Indians. Importantly, conversion from pre-diabetes to diabetes occurs more rapidly, and reversion to normal glucose regulation with appropriate lifestyle measures is more difficult in Asian Indians than white population. Huge number of patients with diabetes and with complications increase morbidity, mortality and pose substantial economic burden. It is difficult, though not impossible, to decrease pace of rapidly expanding juggernaut of NCDs in India. Only concerted efforts from multiple stakeholders, consistently sincere efforts and intensely focused attention from health officialdom and clear political will may help counter this increasingly difficult challenge. Finally, all prevention and management approaches should be cost-effective, pragmatic, and focused on children and underprivileged populations.",Current diabetes reviews,2017,U Shrivastava; A Misra; V Mohan; R Unnikrishnan; D Bachani,10.2174/1573399812666160805153328,Journal Article; Review,diabetes,False,"U Shrivastava et al. (2017). Obesity, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases in India: Public Health Challenges. Current diabetes reviews.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27515855/
28220465,Assessing Cardiovascular Risk and Testing in Type 2 Diabetes.,"Type 2 diabetes confers approximately twofold-increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Early risk stratification of these patients may help reduce cardiovascular events. This review discusses the state of the art of risk factors, biomarkers, and subclinical disease parameters potentially useful in cardiovascular risk assessment in type 2 diabetes. Scientific progress in the past decade has identified a spectrum of risk in diabetic individuals rather than categorizing diabetes as a coronary heart disease equivalent as previously done. Recent data on emerging biomarkers and diagnostic imaging, along with traditional risk factors, provide evidence to help inform individualized cardiovascular risk assessment. Comprehensive assessment of traditional risk factors, biomarkers, complications of diabetes, and subclinical atherosclerosis may help classify diabetic individuals as low, intermediate, or high risk for determining the intensity of lifestyle modification and pharmacotherapy. Further research may lead to a comprehensive pathway for cardiovascular disease risk assessment in diabetic patients.",Current cardiology reports,2017,Anum Saeed; Christie M Ballantyne,10.1007/s11886-017-0831-4,Journal Article; Review,diabetes,False,Anum Saeed et al. (2017). Assessing Cardiovascular Risk and Testing in Type 2 Diabetes. Current cardiology reports.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28220465/
28424377,Sex differences in micro- and macro-vascular complications of diabetes mellitus.,"Vascular complications are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both men and women with type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus, however the prevalence, progression and pathophysiology of both microvascular (nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy) and macrovascular [coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and stroke] disease are different in the two sexes. In general, men appear to be at a higher risk for diabetic microvascular complications, while the consequences of macrovascular complications may be greater in women. Interestingly, in the absence of diabetes, women have a far lower risk of either micro- or macro-vascular disease compared with men for much of their lifespan. Thus, the presence of diabetes confers greater risk for vascular complications in women compared with men and some of the potential reasons, including contribution of sex hormones and sex-specific risk factors are discussed in this review. There is a growing body of evidence that sex hormones play an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular function. While estrogens are generally considered to be cardioprotective and androgens detrimental to cardiovascular health, recent findings challenge these assumptions and demonstrate diversity and complexity of sex hormone action on target tissues, especially in the setting of diabetes. While some progress has been made toward understanding the underlying mechanisms of sex differences in the pathophysiology of diabetic vascular complications, many questions and controversies remain. Future research leading to understanding of these mechanisms may contribute to personalized- and sex-specific treatment for diabetic micro- and macro-vascular disease.","Clinical science (London, England : 1979)",2017,Christine Maric-Bilkan,10.1042/CS20160998,Journal Article; Review,diabetes,False,"Christine Maric-Bilkan et al. (2017). Sex differences in micro- and macro-vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Clinical science (London, England : 1979).",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28424377/
31646114,Cardiovascular risk assessment and screening in diabetes.,"Diabetes used to be considered as a coronary heart disease equivalence and universally classified high cardiovascular risk population. However increasing epidemiological evidence now indicates the heterogeneity of risk among the diabetic patients and imposes animportance of stratifying those with relative low-risk from high-risk ones. Despite the existing risk assessment tools, current cardivoascualr disease prevention guidelines fail to provide more detailed stratification strategies for patient with diabetes and expose them to either overtreatment or undertreatment. On the other hand, various screening modality, including novel biomarkers and subclinical asthrosclerosis scanning, including coronary calcium scanning, carotid intima-media thickness, myocardial perfusion imaging and coronary computed tomography angiography, have provided very promising usage is risk stratification. With better developed test techniques and more extensive evidence, these modalities may serve in standardized screening algorithm to improve the cardiovascular risk assessment of patients with diabetes and better instruct their individualized preventive therapy.",Cardiovascular endocrinology,2017,Yanglu Zhao,10.1097/XCE.0000000000000115,Journal Article; Review,diabetes,False,Yanglu Zhao et al. (2017). Cardiovascular risk assessment and screening in diabetes. Cardiovascular endocrinology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31646114/
28766246,Can Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Clinical Trials Close the Risk Management Gap Between Diabetes and Prediabetes?,"We reviewed published literature to determine the relationship between A1c and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and summarize the need and implications for CVD risk reduction with interventions, focusing in the prediabetic A1c range (<6.5%). Strong evidence supports a continuous relationship between A1c and CVD-even below the current levels of A1c-defined prediabetes and after adjustment for known risk factors for CVD. Clinical trials have demonstrated a reduction in CV morbidity and/or mortality when interventions are invoked in the prediabetic A1c range. Guidelines advocating CV risk factor management in prediabetes have not been widely adopted, subsequently leading to comparable coronary heart disease risk between people with prediabetes (HR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.7-2.1 vs normoglycemia) and diabetes itself (HR=2.0, 95% CI 1.8-2.2 vs no diabetes). This review highlights the missed opportunity to utilize multiple risk factor interventions to reduce CVD in high-risk people with prediabetes.",Current diabetes reports,2017,Leigh Perreault; Kristine Færch; Edward W Gregg,10.1007/s11892-017-0899-7,Journal Article; Review,diabetes,False,Leigh Perreault et al. (2017). Can Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Clinical Trials Close the Risk Management Gap Between Diabetes and Prediabetes? Current diabetes reports.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28766246/
28911506,Metabolically Healthy Obese and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Events Among 3.5 Million Men and Women.,"Previous studies have been unclear about the cardiovascular risks for metabolically healthy obese individuals. This study examined the associations among metabolically healthy obese individuals and 4 different presentations of incident cardiovascular disease in a contemporary population. We used linked electronic health records (1995 to 2015) in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) to assemble a cohort of 3.5 million individuals, 18 years of age or older and initially free of cardiovascular disease. We created body size phenotypes defined by body mass index categories (underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity) and 3 metabolic abnormalities (diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia). The primary endpoints were the first record of 1 of 4 cardiovascular presentations (coronary heart disease [CHD], cerebrovascular disease, heart failure, and peripheral vascular disease). During a mean follow-up of 5.4 years, obese individuals with no metabolic abnormalities had a higher risk of CHD (multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.45 to 1.54), cerebrovascular disease (HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.11), and heart failure (HR: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.86 to 2.06) compared with normal weight individuals with 0 metabolic abnormalities. Risk of CHD, cerebrovascular disease, and heart failure in normal weight, overweight, and obese individuals increased with increasing number of metabolic abnormalities. Metabolically healthy obese individuals had a higher risk of coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and heart failure than normal weight metabolically healthy individuals. Even individuals who are normal weight can have metabolic abnormalities and similar risks for cardiovascular disease events.",Journal of the American College of Cardiology,2017,Rishi Caleyachetty; G Neil Thomas; Konstantinos A Toulis; Nuredin Mohammed; Krishna M Gokhale; Kumarendran Balachandran; Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar,10.1016/j.jacc.2017.07.763,Journal Article,bmi,False,Rishi Caleyachetty et al. (2017). Metabolically Healthy Obese and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Events Among 3.5 Million Men and Women. Journal of the American College of Cardiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28911506/
28121618,Leptin and adiponectin: pathophysiological role and possible therapeutic target of inflammation in ischemic stroke.,"Stroke is a multifactorial disease contributing to significant noncommunicable disease burden in developing countries. Risk of stroke is largely a consequence of morbidities of diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and heart diseases. Incidence of stroke is directly proportional to body mass index. Adipose tissue stores energy as well as acts as an active endocrine organ, which secretes numerous humoral factors. Adiponectin and leptin are the commonest adipocytokines and have been invariably linked to the development of coronary heart disease and may be involved in the underlying biological mechanism of stroke. Leptin and adiponectin mediate proatherogenic and antiatherogenic responses, respectively, and hence, determining the plasma or serum levels of leptin and adiponectin alone or in combination may act as a novel prognostic biomarker for inflammation and atherosclerosis in stroke. This review addresses leptin- and adiponectin-mediated inflammatory mechanism in ischemic stroke and their potential as therapeutic targets.",Reviews in the neurosciences,2017,Jitender Gairolla; Rupinder Kler; Manish Modi; Dheeraj Khurana,10.1515/revneuro-2016-0055,"Journal Article; Review; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",bmi,False,Jitender Gairolla et al. (2017). Leptin and adiponectin: pathophysiological role and possible therapeutic target of inflammation in ischemic stroke. Reviews in the neurosciences.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28121618/
28646923,Predictive value of body mass index to metabolic syndrome risk factors in Syrian adolescents.,"Obesity has become a serious epidemic health problem in both developing and developed countries. There is much evidence that obesity among adolescents contributed significantly to the development of type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease in adulthood. Very limited information exists on the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and associated metabolic risk factors among Syrian adolescents. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between obesity determined by body mass index and the major metabolic risk factors among Syrian adolescents. A cross-sectional study of a randomly selected sample of 2064 apparently healthy Syrian adolescents aged 18 to 19 years from Damascus city, in Syria, was performed. Body mass index and blood pressure were measured. Serum concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were determined. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the national criteria for each determined metabolic risk factor. Individuals with a body mass index 25 to 29.9 were classified as overweight, whereas individuals with a body mass index ≥30 were classified as obese. A receiver operating characteristics curve was drawn to determine appropriate cut-off points of the body mass index for defining overweight and obesity, and to indicate the performance of body mass index as a predictor of risk factors. The obtained data showed that blood pressure and the overall mean concentrations of fasting blood sugar, triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were significantly higher in overweight and obese adolescent groups (p <0.0001) in comparison with the normal group. Based on receiver operating characteristics calculation for body mass index and some metabolic risks, the data suggest the best body mass index cut-offs ranged between 23.25 and 24.35 kg/m A strong association between overweight and obesity as determined by body mass index and high concentrations of metabolic syndrome components has been demonstrated. Although body mass index values were lower than the international cut-offs, these values were good predictors of some metabolic abnormalities in Syrian adolescents; body mass index is a good predictor of these abnormalities in this population.",Journal of medical case reports,2017,Mahfouz Al-Bachir; Mohamad Adel Bakir,10.1186/s13256-017-1315-2,Journal Article,bmi,False,Mahfouz Al-Bachir et al. (2017). Predictive value of body mass index to metabolic syndrome risk factors in Syrian adolescents. Journal of medical case reports.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28646923/
28802304,Coffee consumption and coronary heart disease risk using the Framingham risk score.,"Although concerns regarding the influence of coffee consumption on human health have accompanied the massive increase in coffee consumption, the effects of coffee intake on the risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) remain controversial. Therefore, we evaluated the association between coffee consumption and CHD risk as estimated using the Framingham risk model in Korean adults. This cross-sectional study involved 3,987 participants aged 30-74 years who participated in the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2010. The frequency of coffee consumption was self-reported and classified into 4 categories (non-drinker, 1, 2, and >=3 cups/day). The 10-year risk for CHD was determined from the Framingham risk score. Across the levels of coffee consumption, there were significant differences in the frequency of smoking among men and advanced age, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, diabetes, and smoking among women. In the multiple logistic regression analyses, the adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for >=20% 10-year CHD risk was 0.211 (0.060-0.745) for women who consumed >=3 cups of coffee per day compared with women who consumed <1 cup per day. For women, a significant dose-response inverse association between the level of coffee consumption and 10-year CHD risk persisted even after adjusting for multiple confounding factors. For the men, however, there was no significant association between coffee consumption and 10-year CHD risk. Coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk for CHD in Korean women.",Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition,2017,Hye-Mi Noh; Yong Soon Park; Jeong-Hyeon Kim,10.6133/apjcn.082016.05,Journal Article,age,False,Hye-Mi Noh et al. (2017). Coffee consumption and coronary heart disease risk using the Framingham risk score. Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28802304/
27927629,Central Haemodynamics and Prediction of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Erectile Dysfunction.,"We investigated whether central hemodynamics predict major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in erectile dysfunction (ED) patients beyond traditional risk factors. MACEs in relation to aortic pressures and augmentation index (AIx) were analyzed in 398 patients (mean age, 56 years) with ED but without established cardiovascular (CV) disease. During the mean follow-up period of 6.5 years, a total of 29 (6.5%) MACEs occurred. The adjusted relative risk of MACEs was 1.062 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.016-1.116) for a 10-mm Hg increase of aortic systolic pressure, 1.119 (95% CI, 1.036-1.155) for a 10-mm Hg increase of aortic pulse pressure (PP), and 1.191 (95% CI, 1.056-1.372) for a 10% absolute increase of AIx. While aortic pressures and AIx did not significantly improve the C-statistic models, the calibration for all indices was satisfactory. Regarding reclassification, the integrated discrimination improvement index (IDI) indicated improvement in risk discrimination of the models that included AIx and aortic PP compared to the reference model in identifying MACEs (IDI = 0.0069; P = 0.024, and IDI = 0.0060; P = 0.036, respectively). The based on categories for 10-year coronary heart disease risk and adapted at 6.5 years overall net reclassification index showed marginal and indicative risk reclassification for AIx (15.7%, P = 0.12) and aortic PP (7.2%, P = 0.20) respectively. Our results show for the first time that higher central pressures and AIx are associated with increased risk for a MACE in ED patients without known CV disease. Considering the adverse prognostic role of central hemodynamics on outcomes, the present findings may explain part of the increased CV risk associated with ED.",American journal of hypertension,2017,Charalambos Vlachopoulos; Nikolaos Ioakeimidis; Konstantinos Rokkas; Athanassios Angelis; Dimitrios Terentes-Printzios; Zisis Kratiras; Christos Georgakopoulos; Dimitrios Tousoulis,10.1093/ajh/hpw150,Journal Article,age,False,Charalambos Vlachopoulos et al. (2017). Central Haemodynamics and Prediction of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Erectile Dysfunction. American journal of hypertension.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27927629/
28025448,Cholesterol Levels of Six Fractionated Serum Lipoproteins and its Relevance to Coronary Heart Disease Risk Scores.,"Evaluation of serum lipoprotein profiles including triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoprotein, that is, intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and chylomicron (CM) remnant is important to manage coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. The purpose of this study was to investigate CHD or cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk scores with cholesterol levels of six fractionated lipoprotein classes {high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], IDL, VLDL, CM including CM remnant, and lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)]} in Japanese healthy men. The present study enrolled 161 healthy men without any medications. Lipoprotein profiles (fractionated lipoprotein cholesterol levels) were measured by anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (AEX-HPLC) method and were compared with age, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and three risk scores, that is, NIPPON DATA, Hisayama risk predicting model, and Suita score. Levels of LDL-cholesterol (C), VLDL-C, and CM-C significantly differed with age, while values of HDL-C, IDL-C, and Lp(a)-C were not different. The eGFR inversely correlated with LDL-C, IDL-C, VLDL-C, and CM-C. In a stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis, VLDL-C only correlated independently with eGFR. Three risk scores significantly correlated with CM-C. These results suggested that VLDL-C concentration contributes to an increased risk at early stages of renal dysfunction, and CM-C may serve as a marker for estimating CHD risk in Japanese healthy men.",Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis,2017,Daisuke Manita; Hiroshi Yoshida; Yuji Hirowatari,10.5551/jat.34728,Journal Article,age,False,Daisuke Manita et al. (2017). Cholesterol Levels of Six Fractionated Serum Lipoproteins and its Relevance to Coronary Heart Disease Risk Scores. Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28025448/
28428501,Job stress and behavioral characteristics in relation to coronary heart disease risk among Japanese police officers.,"This study examined the association between job-related behavioral characteristics and the risk of coronary heart diseases (CHD) in Japanese male police officers. Compared to office clerks, police officers exhibited greater age-related increases of the prevalence of CHD risk factors, and a clustering number of CHD risk factors was significantly higher in the group of those over 45 yr of age. Among the police officers, coronary-prone behavior was more frequent than that seen in office clerks. The police officers with coronary-prone behavior tended to engage in shift work and to work overtime more; yet they were less likely to perceive job stress and to express the relevant physical and psychological symptoms than those without coronary-prone behavior. The subjects with such behavioral characteristics had a significantly greater number of CHD risk factors. In a multiple regression analysis, coronary-prone behavior together with age, social support, walking hours per day, and amount of alcohol consumption were selected as significant determinants of a cluster of CHD risk factors. These results suggest that coronary-prone behavior may contribute to the higher prevalence of CHD risk factors in police officers via leading the long working hours and the work-related unfavorable lifestyles, such as alcohol drinking and physical inactivity.",Industrial health,2017,Maki Shiozaki; Nobuyuki Miyai; Ikuharu Morioka; Miyoko Utsumi; Sonomi Hattori; Hiroaki Koike; Mikio Arita; Kazuhisa Miyashita,10.2486/indhealth.2016-0179,Journal Article,age,False,Maki Shiozaki et al. (2017). Job stress and behavioral characteristics in relation to coronary heart disease risk among Japanese police officers. Industrial health.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28428501/
29120587,Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 and Osteoprotegrin as New Markers of Increased Atherosclerotic Risk in Egyptian Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.,"The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rising continuously. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is among the leading causes of death and premature mortality of patients with CKD. It has been suggested that the assessment of CKD-associated CVD risk factors together with conventional risk factors should be performed in order to improve the prediction of coronary heart disease risk. The reduction of these factors seems to be effective in lowering cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in patients with CKD. Measuring subclinical atherosclerosis in CKD may significantly improve CVD risk prediction. Additionally, novel early atherosclerosis biomarkers, as well as possible therapeutic targets, are greatly needed in CKD patients. Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) may fall into this category of both useful markers and targets in CKD disease. The aim of this study was to investigate MMP2 and OPG as markers of increased risk of atherosclerosis in CKD. The present study included 40 patients with CKD divided into two groups: 20 patients with stage 1-4 (group I) and 20 patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) (group II). They were compared with 20 sex and age matched healthy individuals as a control group (group III). Levels of MMP2, OPG were measured by ELISA. Cardiac echocardiography was performed to assess structural integrity and function. There was highly significant increase in MMP2 and OPG levels in group II when compared with group I and group III (P=0.000 and P=0.000 respectively) and in group I when compared with group III (P=0.000). A highly significant difference was also found between the three groups as regard mitral and aortic calcification (P=0.000) and mitral, aortic and tricuspid regurge (P=0.000, 0.002 and 0.001 respectively). There was a positive correlation between OPG and MMP2 and significant relation between OPG and mitral and aortic calcification. In conclusion, MMP-2 and OPG may be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in patients with CKD and could potentially be of use as biomarkers of subclinical atherosclerosis in these patients. The increase in mitral and aortic calcifications may suggest the reasons for increased CV risk in these patients.",The Egyptian journal of immunology,2017,Amany M Elsaeed; Amal H Ibrahiem; Asmaa A Ali,,Journal Article,age,False,Amany M Elsaeed et al. (2017). Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 and Osteoprotegrin as New Markers of Increased Atherosclerotic Risk in Egyptian Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. The Egyptian journal of immunology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29120587/
27372534,Trends in Coronary Heart Disease Epidemiology in India.,"Cardiovascular diseases, especially coronary heart disease (CHD), are epidemic in India. The Registrar General of India reported that CHD led to 17% of total deaths and 26% of adult deaths in 2001-2003, which increased to 23% of total and 32% of adult deaths in 2010-2013. The World Health Organization (WHO) and Global Burden of Disease Study also have highlighted increasing trends in years of life lost (YLLs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from CHD in India. In India, studies have reported increasing CHD prevalence over the last 60 years, from 1% to 9%-10% in urban populations and <1% to 4%-6% in rural populations. Using more stringent criteria (clinical ± Q waves), the prevalence varies from 1%-2% in rural populations and 2%-4% in urban populations. This may be a more realistic prevalence of CHD in India. Case-control studies have reported that important risk factors for CHD in India are dyslipidemias, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, abdominal obesity, psychosocial stress, unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity. Suitable preventive strategies are required to combat this epidemic.",Annals of global health,2016,Rajeev Gupta; Indu Mohan; Jagat Narula,10.1016/j.aogh.2016.04.002,Journal Article; Review,hypertension; smoking,False,Rajeev Gupta et al. (2016). Trends in Coronary Heart Disease Epidemiology in India. Annals of global health.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27372534/
27047396,Depression and the Link with Cardiovascular Disease.,"This review provides an outline of the association between major depressive disorder (MDD) and coronary heart disease (CHD). Much is known about the two individual clinical conditions; however, it is not until recently, biological mechanisms have been uncovered that link both MDD and CHD. The activation of stress pathways have been implicated as a neurochemical mechanism that links MDD and CHD. Depression is known to be associated with poorer outcomes of CHD. Psychological factors, such as major depression and stress, are now known as risk factors for developing CHD, which is as important and is independent of classic risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cigarette smoking. Both conditions have great socioeconomic importance given that depression and CHD are likely to be two of the three leading causes of global burden of disease. Better understanding of the common causal pathways will help us delineate more appropriate treatments.",Frontiers in psychiatry,2016,Arup K Dhar; David A Barton,10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00033,Journal Article; Review,hypertension; smoking,False,Arup K Dhar et al. (2016). Depression and the Link with Cardiovascular Disease. Frontiers in psychiatry.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27047396/
27602082,Epidemiological aspects of heart diseases.,"Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the main cause of mortality in heart patients following stroke, rheumatic heart disease and myocardial infarctions. Approximately 80% of individuals succumb to CVDs, due to poor living conditions in low and middle income families and malnutrition. Infectious diseases, human immunodeficiency, tuberculosis, malaria, high blood pressure or hypertension, obesity and overweight, and nutritional disorders including smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, high salt and sugar intake, as well as other factors are responsible for CVDs and CHDs in young as well as elderly individuals. The focus of the present review are recent epidemiological aspects of CVD and CHD as well as the usefulness of a Mediterranean diet for heart patients and the prevention of heart diseases.",Experimental and therapeutic medicine,2016,Aimin Shi; Ziqi Tao; Peng Wei; Jing Zhao,10.3892/etm.2016.3541,Journal Article,hypertension; smoking,False,Aimin Shi et al. (2016). Epidemiological aspects of heart diseases. Experimental and therapeutic medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27602082/
27543113,Trends in risk factors for coronary heart disease in the Netherlands.,"Favourable trends in risk factor levels in the general population may partly explain the decline in coronary heart disease (CHD) morbidity and mortality. Our aim was to present long-term national trends in established risk factors for CHD. Data were obtained from five data sources including several large scale population based surveys, cohort studies and general practitioner registers between 1988 and 2012. We applied linear regression models to age-standardized time trends to test for statistical significant trends. Analyses were stratified by sex and age (younger <65 and older ≥65 years adults). The results demonstrated favourable trends in smoking (except in older women) and physical activity (except in older men). Unfavourable trends were found for body mass index (BMI) and diabetes mellitus prevalence. Although systolic blood pressure (SBP) and total cholesterol trends were favourable for older persons, SBP and total cholesterol remained stable in younger persons. Four out of six risk factors for CHD showed a favourable or stable trend. The rise in diabetes mellitus and BMI is worrying with respect to CHD morbidity and mortality.",BMC public health,2016,C Koopman; I Vaartjes; A Blokstra; W M M Verschuren; M Visser; D J H Deeg; M L Bots; I van Dis,10.1186/s12889-016-3526-7,Journal Article,bmi; cholesterol; diabetes; smoking,False,C Koopman et al. (2016). Trends in risk factors for coronary heart disease in the Netherlands. BMC public health.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27543113/
24916106,Community programmes for coronary heart disease in Spanish primary care.,"To explore the added value of community-orientated programmes aimed at enhancing healthy lifestyles associated with the key components of cardiovascular risk management (CVRM) in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. Observational study in Spain, including 36 practices, 36 health professionals, and 722 CHD patients (mean (SD) age 72 (11.73)). Our predictor variable of interest was reported deliveries from primary care practices (PCPs) concerning community-orientated programmes such as physical exercise and smoking cessation groups. Data were obtained through structured questionnaires administered to PCP health professionals. Our CVRM outcome measures were as follows: recorded risk factors, drug prescriptions, and intermediate patient outcomes (blood pressure levels, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and body mass index). Thirty practices delivered community programmes: most delivered one [17 (47.2%) practices] or two [11 (30.5%) practices]. These educational programmes aimed to encourage enhanced healthy lifestyles through group counselling sessions, mailed print material, and one-to-one counselling. In PCPs delivering community programmes, more patients received antihypertensives (89.7%), antiplatelet therapy (80.5%), and statins (70.8%) than those PCPs without programmes, although there were no statistically significant differences between them. No evidence was found for the added value of community-orientated CVRM programmes that could help health professionals refine criteria when including CHD patients in preventive programmes.",The International journal of health planning and management,2016,Eva Frigola-Capell; Jan van Lieshout; Miguel A Muñoz; Jose Verdú-Rotellar; Francesc Orfila; Rosa Suñol; Michel Wensing,10.1002/hpm.2262,"Journal Article; Observational Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",bmi; smoking,False,Eva Frigola-Capell et al. (2016). Community programmes for coronary heart disease in Spanish primary care. The International journal of health planning and management.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24916106/
27265644,"Myocardial Infarction in the ""Young"": Risk Factors, Presentation, Management and Prognosis.","Myocardial infarction (MI) in the ""young"" is a significant problem, however there is scarcity of data on premature coronary heart disease (CHD) and MI in the ""young"". This may lead to under-appreciation of important differences that exist between ""young"" MI patients versus an older cohort. Traditional differences described in the risk factor profile of younger MI compared to older patients include a higher prevalence of smoking, family history of premature CHD and male gender. Recently, other potentially important differences have been described. Most ""young"" MI patients will present with non-ST elevation MI but the proportion presenting with ST-elevation MI is increasing. Coronary angiography usually reveals less extensive disease in ""young"" MI patients, which has implications for management. Short-term prognosis of ""young"" MI patients is better than for older patients, however contemporary data raises concerns regarding longer-term outcomes, particularly in those with reduced left ventricular systolic function. Here we review the differences in rate, risk factor profile, presentation, management and prognosis between ""young"" and older MI patients.","Heart, lung & circulation",2016,Nadim Shah; Anne-Maree Kelly; Nicholas Cox; Chiew Wong; Kean Soon,10.1016/j.hlc.2016.04.015,Journal Article; Review,smoking,False,"Nadim Shah et al. (2016). Myocardial Infarction in the ""Young"": Risk Factors, Presentation, Management and Prognosis. Heart, lung & circulation.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27265644/
27010844,"Cigarette Smoking, Reduction and Quit Attempts: Prevalence Among Veterans With Coronary Heart Disease.","Cigarette smoking increases the risk of illness and early death for people with coronary heart disease. In 2010, Brown estimated prevalence rates for smoking among veterans and nonveterans with or without coronary heart disease in the United States, based on the 2003 through 2007 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Recent changes in BRFSS methods promise more accurate estimates for veterans. To inform assessment of efforts to reduce smoking, we sought to provide prevalence rates for smoking behaviors among US veterans with coronary heart disease and to compare rates for veterans with those for civilians. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of participants who responded to BRFSS from 2009 to 2012. Accounting for complex BRFSS sampling, we estimated national prevalence rates by sex for smoking status, frequency, and quit attempts; for those with and those without coronary heart disease; for civilians; for veterans and active duty personnel combined; and, after adjusting for BRFSS mingling of active duty personnel and veterans, for veterans only. We examined differences between veterans and civilians by using age-standardized national estimates. Among men with coronary heart disease, more veterans than civilians smoked and more were daily smokers, but veterans were no more likely to attempt to quit. Among women with coronary heart disease, we found no differences between civilians and veterans. Cigarette smoking is more prevalent among male veterans with coronary heart disease than among their civilian counterparts. Not distinguishing active duty personnel from veterans can materially affect prevalence estimates intended to apply solely to veterans.",Preventing chronic disease,2016,Troy A Shahoumian; Barbara R Phillips; Lisa I Backus,10.5888/pcd13.150282,"Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.",smoking,False,"Troy A Shahoumian et al. (2016). Cigarette Smoking, Reduction and Quit Attempts: Prevalence Among Veterans With Coronary Heart Disease. Preventing chronic disease.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27010844/
27242089,Predicting Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke: The FINRISK Calculator.,"The FINRISK risk calculator predicts 10-year risk for coronary heart disease, stroke incidence, and their combination. The model is based on 10-year cohort follow-up from 3 different cohorts in 1982, 1987, and 1992 from a random population sample in 3 areas in Finland. Coronary heart disease, stroke, and their combination are predicted by smoking, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diabetes, and family history. The Internet-based calculator is commonly used in Finland in health services to assess the need for hypertension and hypercholesterolemia treatment and is used also in patients' counseling.",Global heart,2016,Erkki Vartiainen; Tiina Laatikainen; Markku Peltonen; Pekka Puska,10.1016/j.gheart.2016.04.007,"Journal Article; Review; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",smoking,False,Erkki Vartiainen et al. (2016). Predicting Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke: The FINRISK Calculator. Global heart.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27242089/
26586275,The Evidence for Saturated Fat and for Sugar Related to Coronary Heart Disease.,"Dietary guidelines continue to recommend restricting intake of saturated fats. This recommendation follows largely from the observation that saturated fats can raise levels of total serum cholesterol (TC), thereby putatively increasing the risk of atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (CHD). However, TC is only modestly associated with CHD, and more important than the total level of cholesterol in the blood may be the number and size of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles that contain it. As for saturated fats, these fats are a diverse class of compounds; different fats may have different effects on LDL and on broader CHD risk based on the specific saturated fatty acids (SFAs) they contain. Importantly, though, people eat foods, not isolated fatty acids. Some food sources of SFAs may pose no risk for CHD or possibly even be protective. Advice to reduce saturated fat in the diet without regard to nuances about LDL, SFAs, or dietary sources could actually increase people's risk of CHD. When saturated fats are replaced with refined carbohydrates, and specifically with added sugars (like sucrose or high fructose corn syrup), the end result is not favorable for heart health. Such replacement leads to changes in LDL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides that may increase the risk of CHD. Additionally, diets high in sugar may induce many other abnormalities associated with elevated CHD risk, including elevated levels of glucose, insulin, and uric acid, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin and leptin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and altered platelet function. A diet high in added sugars has been found to cause a 3-fold increased risk of death due to cardiovascular disease, but sugars, like saturated fats, are a diverse class of compounds. The monosaccharide, fructose, and fructose-containing sweeteners (e.g., sucrose) produce greater degrees of metabolic abnormalities than does glucose (either isolated as a monomer, or in chains as starch) and may present greater risk of CHD. This paper reviews the evidence linking saturated fats and sugars to CHD, and concludes that the latter is more of a problem than the former. Dietary guidelines should shift focus away from reducing saturated fat, and from replacing saturated fat with carbohydrates, specifically when these carbohydrates are refined. To reduce the burden of CHD, guidelines should focus particularly on reducing intake of concentrated sugars, specifically the fructose-containing sugars like sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup in the form of ultra-processed foods and beverages.",Progress in cardiovascular diseases,2016,James J DiNicolantonio; Sean C Lucan; James H O'Keefe,10.1016/j.pcad.2015.11.006,"Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Review",cholesterol,False,James J DiNicolantonio et al. (2016). The Evidence for Saturated Fat and for Sugar Related to Coronary Heart Disease. Progress in cardiovascular diseases.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26586275/
26892969,The Success Story of LDL Cholesterol Lowering.,"We can look back at >100 years of cholesterol research that has brought medicine to a stage where people at risk of severe or fatal coronary heart disease have a much better prognosis than before. This progress has not come about without resistance. Perhaps one of the most debated topics in medicine, the cholesterol controversy, could only be brought to rest through the development of new clinical research methods that were capable of taking advantage of the amazing achievements in basic and pharmacological science after the second World War. It was only after understanding the biochemistry and physiology of cholesterol synthesis, transport and clearance from the blood that medicine could take advantage of drugs and diets to reduce the risk of atherosclerotic diseases. This review points to the highlights of the history of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol lowering, with the discovery of the low-density lipoprotein receptor and its physiology and not only the development of statins as the stellar moments but also the development of clinical trial methodology as an effective tool to provide scientifically convincing evidence.",Circulation research,2016,Terje R Pedersen,10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306297,Historical Article; Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,Terje R Pedersen et al. (2016). The Success Story of LDL Cholesterol Lowering. Circulation research.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26892969/
27302716,"High-Density Lipoprotein, Lecithin: Cholesterol Acyltransferase, and Atherosclerosis.","Epidemiological data clearly show the existence of a strong inverse correlation between plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations and the incidence of coronary heart disease. This relation is explained by a number of atheroprotective properties of HDL, first of all the ability to promote macrophage cholesterol transport. HDL are highly heterogeneous and are continuously remodeled in plasma thanks to the action of a number of proteins and enzymes. Among them, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) plays a crucial role, being the only enzyme able to esterify cholesterol within lipoproteins. LCAT is synthetized by the liver and it has been thought to play a major role in reverse cholesterol transport and in atheroprotection. However, data from animal studies, as well as human studies, have shown contradictory results. Increased LCAT concentrations are associated with increased HDL-C levels but not necessarily with atheroprotection. On the other side, decreased LCAT concentration and activity are associated with decreased HDL-C levels but not with increased atherosclerosis. These contradictory results confirm that HDL-C levels per se do not represent the functionality of the HDL system.","Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)",2016,Alice Ossoli; Chiara Pavanello; Laura Calabresi,10.3803/EnM.2016.31.2.223,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,"Alice Ossoli et al. (2016). High-Density Lipoprotein, Lecithin: Cholesterol Acyltransferase, and Atherosclerosis. Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea).",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27302716/
27888903,[PCSK9: Structure and function. PCSK9 and low-density lipoprotein receptor. Mutations and their effects].,"Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) binds to the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) and then targets it for lysosomal degradation in cells, thus preventing LDLr from recycling back to the hepatocyte surface, with a consequent decrease in LDLr density and clearance of LDL-cholesterol (LDLc). There have been reports of both gain-of-function mutations in the PCSK9 gene that cause a marked increase in LDLc conentrations and loss-of-function mutations, which lead to modest reductions in LDLc and low rates of coronary heart disease. The PCSK9 gene has become a promising therapeutic target to reduce blood cholesterol levels. This review discusses the most interesting recent data on PCSK9 regulation and its molecular function in cholesterol homeostasis.",Clinica e investigacion en arteriosclerosis : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Arteriosclerosis,2016,Juan Pedro-Botet; Lina Badimón,10.1016/S0214-9168(16)30164-4,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,Juan Pedro-Botet et al. (2016). [PCSK9: Structure and function. PCSK9 and low-density lipoprotein receptor. Mutations and their effects]. Clinica e investigacion en arteriosclerosis : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Arteriosclerosis.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27888903/
26690693,Hemorheological and Glycemic Parameters and HDL Cholesterol for the Prediction of Cardiovascular Events.,"Hemorheological and glycemic parameters and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are used as biomarkers of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. To investigate the association and clinical relevance of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), fibrinogen, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and HDL cholesterol in the prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in an outpatient population. 708 stable patients who visited the outpatient department were enrolled and followed for a mean period of 28.5 months. Patients were divided into two groups, patients without MACE and patients with MACE, which included cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction, newly diagnosed CHD, and cerebral vascular accident. We compared hemorheological and glycemic parameters and lipid profiles between the groups. Patients with MACE had significantly higher ESR, fibrinogen, fasting glucose, and HbA1c, while lower HDL cholesterol compared with patients without MACE. High ESR and fibrinogen and low HDL cholesterol significantly increased the risk of MACE in multivariate regression analysis. In patients with MACE, high fibrinogen and HbA1c levels increased the risk of multivessel CHD. Furthermore, ESR and fibrinogen were significantly positively correlated with HbA1c and negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol, however not correlated with fasting glucose. Hemorheological abnormalities, poor glycemic control, and low HDL cholesterol are correlated with each other and could serve as simple and useful surrogate markers and predictors for MACE and CHD in outpatients.",Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia,2016,Sung Woo Cho; Byung Gyu Kim; Byung Ok Kim; Young Sup Byun; Choong Won Goh; Kun Joo Rhee; Hyuck Moon Kwon; Byoung Kwon Lee,10.5935/abc.20150146,Journal Article,cholesterol,False,Sung Woo Cho et al. (2016). Hemorheological and Glycemic Parameters and HDL Cholesterol for the Prediction of Cardiovascular Events. Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26690693/
27663421,Serum uric acid as prognostic marker of coronary heart disease (CHD).,"A substantial body of epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests the significance of serum uric acid as an important and independent risk factor of cardio vascular and renal diseases especially in patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension. Hyperuricemia is a risk factor of coronary heart disease. Several studies showed positive association between hyperuricemia and CHD risk factors. To analyze the serum uric acid levels in patients with diabetes and hypertension, which helps in understanding its role as prognostic marker of coronary heart disease. The study was conducted in population of Wadi-Al Dawasir (K.S.A.) aged 20-80 years through random sampling from October 2012 to June 2013. It included 250 samples and the cases were categorized into diabetic and hypertensive. In the cases, purely hypertensive were 52, diabetic were 57 and mixed group included both diabetic and hypertensive patients 65. Fasting blood was collected to analyze lipid profile which included (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein) and serum uric acid in association with age and heredity was also studied. Patient demographics were recorded. The study revealed significant association of serum uric acid (p<0.014*) and total cholesterol (p<0.007**) triglycerides (p<0.009**) low density lipoprotein (p<0.044*) in hypertensive group. Serum uric acid levels in the mixed group patients with diabetes and hypertension reported serum uric acid (p<0.0037), total cholesterol (p<0.089+) proved to have increased risk of coronary heart disease. When compared to controls (non-diabetic p<0.529) and (non-hypertensive p<0.021*) with respect to serum uric acid levels show the magnitude of risk to coronary heart disease. With progressing age the association of lipid profile and serum uric acid reported (p<0.001**) in diabetics. Significant correlations were found between serum uric acid and risk factors for CHD. This is first study of its kind in this region of K.S.A., which helps the community to understand the role of serum uric acid in coronary heart disease, justifies the objective of research in taking preventive measures to combat the deleterious effect of coronary heart disease. Prevention and early detection of elevated uric acid in both hypertensive and diabetic patients could serve as effective investigative tool in reducing coronary heart disease.",Clinica e investigacion en arteriosclerosis : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Arteriosclerosis,2016,Samudrala Purnima; Bahiga Galal Abd El-Aal,10.1016/j.arteri.2016.05.006,Journal Article,cholesterol; diabetes,False,Samudrala Purnima et al. (2016). Serum uric acid as prognostic marker of coronary heart disease (CHD). Clinica e investigacion en arteriosclerosis : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Arteriosclerosis.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27663421/
27250030,The associations between serum biomarkers and stenosis of the coronary arteries.,"Serum biochemical indices reflect dynamic physiological and pathophysiological processes within the body, the associations between these markers and the number of stenotic coronary arteries have been rarely studied. 627 healthy controls and 1,049 coronary heart disease (CHD) patients were sequentially recruited in our hospital. The association patterns between serum biochemical markers and the numbers of stenotic coronary arteries were evaluated in a cross-sectional manner. Upon binary multiple logistic regression analysis, the risk factor patterns differed by gender. Age, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and homocysteine (HCY) were common risk factors for CHD in both males and females. Upon ordinal multiple logistic regression analysis, age, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and lipoprotein (Lp) (a) increased, and HDL decreased, as the number of stenotic coronary arteries increased in male patients. Age and Lp(a) were positively associated with the number of stenotic coronary arteries and total bilirubin (TBil) was negatively associated with the number of stenotic coronary arteries in female patients. Age and Lp(a) were common risk factors positively associated with the number of stenotic coronary arteries in both male and female patients. HDL and LDL were male-specific risk factors and TBil was a female-specific risk factor for an increasing number of stenotic coronary arteries. In conclusion, serum biomarker levels correlated with the number of stenotic coronary arteries and showed gender different patterns.",Oncotarget,2016,Lei Feng; Shiyan Nian; Shu Zhang; Wenbo Xu; Xingfeng Zhang; Dan Ye; Lei Zheng,10.18632/oncotarget.9645,Journal Article,cholesterol,False,Lei Feng et al. (2016). The associations between serum biomarkers and stenosis of the coronary arteries. Oncotarget.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27250030/
26408658,"Screening for suspected coronary heart disease in patients, using integrated serum biochemical indices.","Many serum biochemical indices have been found to be associated with coronary heart disease (CHD); however, few studies have evaluated the value on screening CHD of the integrated serum biochemical indices. In this study, 627 healthy controls and 1049 patients with CHD were recruited to develop CHD screening models for males and females using unconditional logistic regression. The performance of the screening models was evaluated by areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUCs), and externally validated in another population comprised of 190 healthy controls and 246 patients with CHD. Backward stepwise variable selection showed that increasing age, total cholesterol (TC), logarithm-transformed homocysteine (lnHCY), logarithm-transformed γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (lnGGT), and decreasing uric acid, logarithm-transformed triglyceride, apolipoprotein A (apoA) and apolipoprotein B (apoB), increased the detection of CHD in males. In comparison, increasing age, TC, lnHCY, lnGGT and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol versus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and decreasing apoA, apoB, logarithm transformed lipoprotein (A) and logarithm transformed total bilirubin, increased the detection of CHD in females. The AUCs for the screening models for males and females were 0.958 (95% CI 0.946 to 0.969) and 0.986 (95% CI 0.977 to 0.994), respectively. The performance of the screening models was further evaluated in external validation samples, the AUCs for males and females were 0.907 and 0.992, respectively. Our study suggests that integrated serum biochemical indices may be used to screen for suspected CHD in participants.",Journal of epidemiology and community health,2016,Lei Feng; Chunfang Zhang; Shiyan Nian; Yinglu Hao; Wenbo Xu; Xingfeng Zhang; Jun Zhang; Li Li,10.1136/jech-2015-206357,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",cholesterol,False,"Lei Feng et al. (2016). Screening for suspected coronary heart disease in patients, using integrated serum biochemical indices. Journal of epidemiology and community health.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26408658/
27603889,[Dyslipidemia and hypertension].,"Most of the recent observational studies have failed to find an association between dairy intake and increased risk of cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease and stroke, regardless of milk fat content. The purpose of this review is to examine the published research on the relationship between milk products containing milk fat and cardiovascular health. Despite their saturated fat content, there is no clear evidence of an association between dairy intake and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Consequently, the current dietary recommendations to restrict saturated fat should be assessed for every case.",Gaceta medica de Mexico,2016,Ulices Alvirde-García,,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Ulices Alvirde-García et al. (2016). [Dyslipidemia and hypertension]. Gaceta medica de Mexico.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27603889/
27028574,Molecular genetics of essential hypertension.,"Hypertension is a major public health problem in the developing as well as in developed countries due to its high prevalence and its association with coronary heart disease, renal disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and related disorders. Essential hypertension (EH) is the most common diagnosis in this disease, suggesting that a monocausal etiology has not been identified. However, a number of risk factors associated with EH have also been identified such as age, sex, demographic, environmental, genetic, and vascular factors. Recent advances in molecular biological research had achieved clarifying the molecular basis of Mendelian hypertensive disorders. Molecular genetic studies have now identified mutations in several genes that cause Mendelian forms of hypertension in humans. However, none of the single genetic variants has emerged from linkage or association analyses as consistently related to the blood pressure level in every sample and in all populations. Besides, a number of polymorphisms in candidate genes have been associated with differences in blood pressure. The most prominent candidate has been the polymorphisms in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. In total, EH is likely to be a polygenic disorder that results from inheritance of a number of susceptibility genes and involves multiple environmental determinants. These determinants complicate the study of blood pressure variations in the general population. The complex nature of the hypertension phenotype makes large-scale studies indispensable, when screening of familial and genetic factors was intended. In this review, recent genetic studies exploring the molecular basis of EH, including different molecular pathways, are highlighted.","Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993)",2016,M Singh; A K Singh; P Pandey; S Chandra; K A Singh; I S Gambhir,10.3109/10641963.2015.1116543,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review",hypertension,False,"M Singh et al. (2016). Molecular genetics of essential hypertension. Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993).",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27028574/
27872051,Management of mild hypertension in adults.,"Elevated blood pressure is a common risk factor for cardiovascular disease and affects one in three adults. Blood pressure lowering drugs substantially reduce the risk of stroke, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and premature death, but most clinical trials showing benefits have primarily included patients with moderate to severe hypertension, known cardiovascular disease, or elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. The benefits of treating mild hypertension in patients without cardiovascular disease are less clear, but recent meta-analyses offer some insights. Pooled data from trials that include a large percentage of participants with mild hypertension show significant reductions in stroke, death from cardiovascular disease, and total mortality. Meta-analyses comparing lower blood pressure targets also suggest a benefit of treating patients with mild hypertension, although net benefits are greater for patients at higher absolute levels of cardiovascular disease risk. Before starting drug treatment, most patients should have out-of-office monitoring to confirm hypertension. Lifestyle modifications for reducing blood pressure are appropriate for all patients and may be recommended while delaying drug treatment for those at lower absolute levels of cardiovascular disease risk. Patient level control of blood pressure is supported by home monitoring and by once daily, low cost drug. Control of blood pressure for a population of patients is enhanced by system level interventions such as registries, implementation of evidence based protocols, drug titration visits, and performance metrics.",BMJ (Clinical research ed.),2016,Anthony J Viera; Emily M Hawes,10.1136/bmj.i5719,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Anthony J Viera et al. (2016). Management of mild hypertension in adults. BMJ (Clinical research ed.).,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27872051/
27922586,Hyperuricemia as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease: clinical review.,"Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Several risk factors have been associated with the development of these pathologies. However, there is controversy about whether hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. To answer this question, we performed a recent literature review of relevant published material to assess the association of hyperuricemia with four major cardiovascular diseases: hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure and atrial fibrillation.",Medwave,2016,Álvaro Gudiño Gomezjurado,10.5867/medwave.2016.10.6606,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Álvaro Gudiño Gomezjurado et al. (2016). Hyperuricemia as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease: clinical review. Medwave.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27922586/
28065222,The Effect of Sleep Deprivation on Coronary Heart Disease.,"Sleep deprivation (SD) has been associated with an increased morbidity and mortality of coronary heart disease (CHD). SD could induce autonomic nervous dysfunction, hypertension, arrhythmia, hormonal dysregulation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and metabolic disorder in CHD patients. This paper reviewed the study results of SD in clinical trials and animal experiments and concluded that SD was associated with cardiovascular risk factors, which aggravated CHD in pathogenesis and outcomes.",Chinese medical sciences journal = Chung-kuo i hsueh k'o hsueh tsa chih,2016,Rong Yuan; Jie Wang; Lili Guo,10.1016/s1001-9294(17)30008-1,Journal Article; Review,hypertension,False,Rong Yuan et al. (2016). The Effect of Sleep Deprivation on Coronary Heart Disease. Chinese medical sciences journal = Chung-kuo i hsueh k'o hsueh tsa chih.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28065222/
26892999,Statins and Diabetes.,"A statin is first-line drug therapy for dyslipidemia. Clinical trial data suggest there is an increase in the incidence of new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus with statin use. The National Lipid Association (NLA) Statin Diabetes Safety Task Force concluded that the cardiovascular benefit of statin therapy outweighs the risk for developing diabetes. The NLA panel advocated following the standards of care from the American Diabetes Association for screening and diagnosis of diabetes, and emphasized the importance of lifestyle modification. This article summarizes NLA's review of the evidence, expanding it to include recent results, and outlines the clinical recommendations.",Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America,2016,Kevin C Maki; Mary R Dicklin; Seth J Baum,10.1016/j.ecl.2015.09.006,Journal Article; Review,diabetes,False,Kevin C Maki et al. (2016). Statins and Diabetes. Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26892999/
27398023,Significance of HbA1c Test in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Diabetic Patients.,Diabetes is a global endemic with rapidly increasing prevalence in both developing and developed countries. The American Diabetes Association has recommended glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as a possible substitute to fasting blood glucose for diagnosis of diabetes. HbA1c is an important indicator of long-term glycemic control with the ability to reflect the cumulative glycemic history of the preceding two to three months. HbA1c not only provides a reliable measure of chronic hyperglycemia but also correlates well with the risk of long-term diabetes complications. Elevated HbA1c has also been regarded as an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke in subjects with or without diabetes. The valuable information provided by a single HbA1c test has rendered it as a reliable biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of diabetes. This review highlights the role of HbA1c in diagnosis and prognosis of diabetes patients.,Biomarker insights,2016,Shariq I Sherwani; Haseeb A Khan; Aishah Ekhzaimy; Afshan Masood; Meena K Sakharkar,10.4137/BMI.S38440,Journal Article; Review,diabetes,False,Shariq I Sherwani et al. (2016). Significance of HbA1c Test in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Diabetic Patients. Biomarker insights.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27398023/
27627083,[Type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure].,"Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with a substantial increase in the risk of development of heart failure. The mechanisms causing this complication are complex and include coronary heart disease, myocardial changes induced by hypertension, increased aortic stiffness, arrhythmias, renal failure and last but not least by direct metabolic alterations causing diabetic cardiomyopathy. The heart failure could be induced by several drugs used for diabetes therapy. This review debates the current evidence of harms and benefits of diabetes treatment related to heart failure in the light of results of recent randomized trials. An increased risk of heart failure was reported with sulphonylureas, glizatones and some DPP4 inhibitors. In contrast a considerable risk reduction was demonstrated in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial using empagliflozin. aortic stiffness - arrhythmias - coronary heart disease - diabetes treatment - diabetic cardiomyopathy - hypertension - type 2 diabetes mellitus.",Vnitrni lekarstvi,2016,Aleš Linhart; Jan Bělohlávek,,Journal Article; Review,diabetes,False,Aleš Linhart et al. (2016). [Type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure]. Vnitrni lekarstvi.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27627083/
27179751,Stratifying cardiovascular risk in diabetes: The role of diabetes-related clinical characteristics and imaging.,"Diabetes is a major coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor and has traditionally been classified as a CHD risk equivalent. CVD risk, however, is heterogeneous among diabetic patients and thus further evaluation is warranted before initiating or titrating preventive pharmacotherapy. Prognostic clinical characteristics of diabetes such as age of onset, duration, and severity of diabetes, as well as concomitant cardiometabolic factors account for much of the variability in CHD and CVD risk. This heterogeneity can also be evaluated directly using non-invasive imaging, which allows for a more individualized risk assessment in order to minimize both under and overtreatment. In this paper, we review guideline recommendations for atherosclerotic CVD risk assessment driving the use of statins or aspirin for certain subgroups of patients with diabetes. We further discuss imaging techniques, such as stress myocardial perfusion imaging, coronary computed tomography angiography, and coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring that can guide the decision to treat high-risk patients. Among imaging tests, current guidelines consider CAC scoring the most appropriate risk stratification tool for asymptomatic individuals with diabetes that can guide initiating/intensifying or withholding the most aggressive pharmacological therapies among high-risk (CAC>100) or low-risk (CAC=0) individuals, respectively.",Journal of diabetes and its complications,2016,Sina Kianoush; Mahmoud Al Rifai; Seamus P Whelton; Gabriel E Shaya; Aaron L Bush; Garth Graham; Nathan D Wong; Michael J Blaha,10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.04.021,Journal Article; Review,diabetes,False,Sina Kianoush et al. (2016). Stratifying cardiovascular risk in diabetes: The role of diabetes-related clinical characteristics and imaging. Journal of diabetes and its complications.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27179751/
27449710,Prevalence and comorbidities of double diabetes.,"A growing number of people with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) are identified with features of metabolic syndrome (MS) known as ""double diabetes"", but epidemiologic data on the prevalence of MS in T1DM and its comorbidities are still lacking. Aim of this cross sectional study is to better estimate the prevalence of MS in T1DM, and to assess its association with comorbidities. Data of 31,119 persons with autoimmune diabetes mellitus were analysed for signs of MS and presence of late complications. Double diabetes was defined as T1DM coexisting with MS (obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia). Multiple linear or logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associations between double diabetes and late complications. 25.5% (n=7926) of persons with T1DM presented additionally the MS. Persons with double diabetes showed significantly more macrovascular comorbidities (coronary heart disease 8.0% versus 3.0% w/o MS, stroke 3.6% versus 1.6%, diabetic foot syndrome 5.5% versus 2.1%). Also microvascular diseases were increased in people with double diabetes (retinopathy 32.4% versus 21.7%, nephropathy 28.3% versus 17.8%). Both macrovascular and microvascular comorbidities were increased independent of glucose control, even if patients with good metabolic control (HbA1c <7.0%, 53mmol/mol) showed significantly less macrovascular (coronary heart disease 2.3% versus 1.8%, p<0.0001) and microvascular problems (retinopathy 8.7% versus 6.6%, p<0.0001). Double diabetes seems to be an independent and important risk factor for persons with T1DM in developing macrovascular and microvascular comorbidities. Therefore, patients should be identified and development of MS should be avoided. Longterm studies are needed to observe the effect of insulin resistance on patients with autoimmune diabetes.",Diabetes research and clinical practice,2016,S R Merger; W Kerner; M Stadler; A Zeyfang; P Jehle; M Müller-Korbsch; R W Holl,10.1016/j.diabres.2016.06.003,Journal Article,diabetes,False,S R Merger et al. (2016). Prevalence and comorbidities of double diabetes. Diabetes research and clinical practice.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27449710/
27280390,The Interaction Between Gender and Diabetes Mellitus in the Coronary Heart Disease Risk.,"Cardiovascular disease (CVD) despite the advances in medical management keeps on as the primary cause of morbidity and mortality for both genders in Western societies. Sex differences though modify the clinical picture as well as the effectiveness of treatment. In this literature review article we searched publications in Englishlanguage on MEDLINE and the Cochrane Database from the beginning of the databases to January 2016. Among the specific key words and phrases we used were Diabetes Mellitus; Gender; Coronary artery disease; Stroke and Cardiovascular disease. Various studies have found that diabetic women have increased risk of coronary heart disease than their male counterparts; however, further research into this field has questioned this finding and there is much controversy among many researchers. Women have a different risk factor profile, are usually treated less effectively than men, and have a variance in the levels of sex hormones throughout their life which complicate the study and understanding of the mechanisms involved in insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk profile. The connection between diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease is variable according to gender and further studies are needed to elucidate the lenient differentiations in gender specific hormones, risk factor profile, and therapeutic implications between genders.",Current pharmaceutical design,2016,Evangelos Oikonomou; Vasiliki Tsigkou; George Lazaros; Georgios Angelos Papamikroulis; Spyridon Papaioannou; Gerasimos Siasos; Dimitris Tousoulis,10.2174/1381612822666160606202111,Journal Article; Review,diabetes,False,Evangelos Oikonomou et al. (2016). The Interaction Between Gender and Diabetes Mellitus in the Coronary Heart Disease Risk. Current pharmaceutical design.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27280390/
27215685,"Coronary Heart Disease, Diabetes, and Sexuality in Men.","Erectile dysfunction (ED) has been well recognized as a marker of increased cardiovascular risk for more than 15 years, especially in younger men. Early detection of ED represents an opportunity to intervene to decrease the risk of future cardiovascular events and limit the progression of ED severity. Evidence suggests there is a window of opportunity of 3 to 5 years from the onset of ED to subsequent cardiovascular events. This opportunity is usually missed if the onus is placed on the patient to seek care for his sexual problems. Unfortunately, these clear messages have not been incorporated into routine cardiovascular care. The reasons for these disparities within specialties are discussed in this article, in addition to management algorithms. Lifestyle modification is usually recommended as the first-line treatment to correct ED and lessen cardiovascular risk, but evidence suggests that this might be effective only in men without established cardiovascular comorbidities. In men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease, lifestyle modification alone is unlikely to be effective. Cardiovascular medications are often associated with sexual dysfunction but changes in medication are more likely to be beneficial in men with milder recent-onset ED. A balanced view must be taken related to medication adverse events, taking into account optimal management of established cardiovascular disease. Testosterone deficiency has been associated with different metabolic disorders, especially metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Testosterone deficiency syndrome has been associated with an independent burden on sexual function globally and increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Testosterone replacement therapy has been shown to improve multiple aspects of sexual function and, in some studies, has been associated with a decrease in mortality, especially in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent studies have suggested that phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, the first-line medications to treat ED, could decrease cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, through multiple mechanisms, predominantly related to improved endothelial function.",The journal of sexual medicine,2016,Geoff Hackett; Michael Krychman; David Baldwin; Nelson Bennett; Ahmed El-Zawahry; Alessandra Graziottin; Monika Lukasiewicz; Kevin McVary; Yoshikazu Sato; Luca Incrocci,10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.01.023,Journal Article; Published Erratum,diabetes,False,"Geoff Hackett et al. (2016). Coronary Heart Disease, Diabetes, and Sexuality in Men. The journal of sexual medicine.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27215685/
27405510,From the BMI paradox to the obesity paradox: the obesity-mortality association in coronary heart disease.,"Despite a strong association between body weight and mortality in the general population, clinical evidence suggests better clinical outcome of overweight or obese individuals with established coronary heart disease. This finding has been termed the 'obesity paradox', but its existence remains a point of debate, because it is mostly observed when body mass index (BMI) is used to define obesity. Inherent limitations of BMI as an index of adiposity, as well as methodological biases and the presence of confounding factors, may account for the observed findings of clinical studies. In this review, our aim is to present the data that support the presence of a BMI paradox in coronary heart disease and then explore whether next to a BMI paradox a true obesity paradox exists as well. We conclude by attempting to link the obesity paradox notion to available translational research data supporting a 'healthy', protective adipose tissue phenotype. © 2016 World Obesity.",Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity,2016,A S Antonopoulos; E K Oikonomou; C Antoniades; D Tousoulis,10.1111/obr.12440,Journal Article; Review,bmi,False,A S Antonopoulos et al. (2016). From the BMI paradox to the obesity paradox: the obesity-mortality association in coronary heart disease. Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27405510/
27468925,Obesity and Subtypes of Incident Cardiovascular Disease.,"Obesity is a risk factor for various subtypes of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure (HF), and stroke. Nevertheless, there are limited comparisons of the associations of obesity with each of these CVD subtypes, particularly regarding the extent to which they are unexplained by traditional CVD mediators. We followed 13 730 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study who had a body mass index ≥18.5 and no CVD at baseline (visit 1, 1987-1989). We compared the association of higher body mass index with incident HF, CHD, and stroke before and after adjusting for traditional CVD mediators (including systolic blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, and lipid measures). Over a median follow-up of 23 years, there were 2235 HF events, 1653 CHD events, and 986 strokes. After adjustment for demographics, smoking, physical activity, and alcohol intake, higher body mass index had the strongest association with incident HF among CVD subtypes, with hazard ratios for severe obesity (body mass index ≥35 versus normal weight) of 3.74 (95% CI 3.24-4.31) for HF, 2.00 (95% CI 1.67-2.40) for CHD, and 1.75 (95% CI 1.40-2.20) for stroke (P<0.0001 for comparisons of HF versus CHD or stroke). Further adjustment for traditional mediators fully explained the association of higher body mass index with CHD and stroke but not with HF (hazard ratio 2.27, 95% CI 1.94-2.64). The link between obesity and HF was stronger than those for other CVD subtypes and was uniquely unexplained by traditional risk factors. Weight management is likely critical for optimal HF prevention, and nontraditional pathways linking obesity to HF need to be elucidated.",Journal of the American Heart Association,2016,Chiadi E Ndumele; Kunihiro Matsushita; Mariana Lazo; Natalie Bello; Roger S Blumenthal; Gary Gerstenblith; Vijay Nambi; Christie M Ballantyne; Scott D Solomon; Elizabeth Selvin; Aaron R Folsom; Josef Coresh,10.1161/JAHA.116.003921,Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Observational Study,bmi,False,Chiadi E Ndumele et al. (2016). Obesity and Subtypes of Incident Cardiovascular Disease. Journal of the American Heart Association.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27468925/
27453423,The impact of inflammation on the obesity paradox in coronary heart disease.,"Despite the well-known adverse effects of obesity on almost all aspects of coronary heart disease, many studies of coronary heart disease cohorts have demonstrated an inverse relationship between obesity, as defined by body mass index (BMI), and subsequent prognosis: the 'obesity paradox'. The etiology of this and the potential role of inflammation in this process remain unknown. We studied 519 patients with coronary heart disease before and after cardiac rehabilitation, dividing them into groups based on C-reactive protein ((CRP)⩾3 mg l During >3-year follow-up, all-cause mortality was higher in the high inflammation and in the low BMI group. In proportional hazard analysis, even after adjusting for ejection fraction and peak O The obesity paradox has multiple underlying etiologies. Body composition has a different role in different populations with an obesity paradox by BMI. Especially in the subpopulation with persistently high CRP levels, body fat seems protective.",International journal of obesity (2005),2016,A De Schutter; S Kachur; C J Lavie; R S Boddepalli; D A Patel; R V Milani,10.1038/ijo.2016.125,Journal Article,bmi,False,A De Schutter et al. (2016). The impact of inflammation on the obesity paradox in coronary heart disease. International journal of obesity (2005).,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27453423/
26569537,Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Men With Poor Emotional Control: A Prospective Study.,"Many psychosocial factors have been associated with coronary heart disease (CHD), including hostility, anger, and depression. We tested the hypothesis that these factors may have their basis in emotion regulation abilities. Our aim was to determine whether poor emotional control predicted long-term risk of CHD. This Swedish national study includes 46,393 men who were conscripted for military service in 1969 and 1970. The men were aged 18 to 20 years at the time of conscription. Psychologists used a brief semistructured interview to retrospectively assess the conscripts' level of emotional control in childhood and adolescence. The outcome measure was a first fatal or nonfatal event of CHD. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for poor and adequate versus good emotional control. After 38 years of follow-up (1971-2009), 2456 incident cases of CHD had occurred. Poor emotional control increased the risk of CHD (HR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.18-1.45), adjusting for childhood socioeconomic position, anxiety, depression, and parental history of CHD. Further adjustment for life-style-related factors, for example, smoking and body mass index, attenuated the HR to 1.08 (95% CI = 0.97-1.21). In stratified analyses, the fully adjusted association between poor emotional control with CHD remained significantly elevated among men with a parental history of CHD (HR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.11-2.01, p interaction = .037). In the overall study population, poor emotional control had no direct effect on CHD beyond life-style-related factors. However, in men with a parental history of CHD, poor emotional control in adolescence remained significantly predictive of long-term CHD risk even when adjusting for life-style-related factors.",Psychosomatic medicine,2016,Marieke R Potijk; Imre Janszky; Sijmen A Reijneveld; Daniel Falkstedt,10.1097/PSY.0000000000000254,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",bmi,False,Marieke R Potijk et al. (2016). Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Men With Poor Emotional Control: A Prospective Study. Psychosomatic medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26569537/
27822315,Outcomes of a multidisciplinary coronary heart disease prevention programme in southern India.,"Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major cause for mortality and morbidity in India but the focus on lifestyle interventions is very low. This study aims to evaluate the role of a multidisciplinary CHD prevention programme in southern India. All patients enrolled between May 2014 and March 2016 with CHD (disease group) or with risk factors but no CHD (risk group) were included. Participants attended one-two sessions per week for 6-12 weeks; each session lasted 90-120 min, including exercise and education, and was adapted to the participants' sociocultural requirements. Resting heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and functional capacity (FC) were documented at start and end of programme. Disease group was older (61±10 vs 51±14 years, p<0.01), had lower BMI and WC (26±4 vs 30±7 kg/m A multidisciplinary approach to preventing CHD is lacking in India. This study shows that a comprehensive lifestyle intervention programme has significant benefits and can be incorporated in the routine management of all patients and at-risk individuals in the region.",Heart Asia,2016,Priya Chockalingam; N Sakthi Vinayagam; N Ezhil Vani; V Chockalingam,10.1136/heartasia-2016-010791,Journal Article,bmi,False,Priya Chockalingam et al. (2016). Outcomes of a multidisciplinary coronary heart disease prevention programme in southern India. Heart Asia.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27822315/
27226910,Knowledge of Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors among a Community Sample in Oman: Pilot study.,"The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of Omani adults regarding conventional coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors and to identify demographic variables associated with these knowledge levels. This descriptive cross-sectional pilot study was carried out among a convenience sample of 130 adults attending a health awareness fair held in a local shopping mall in Muscat, Oman, in November 2012. A modified version of the Heart Disease Facts Questionnaire in both English and Arabic was used to assess knowledge of CHD risk factors. Scores were calculated by summing the correct answers for each item (range: 0-21). Inadequate knowledge was indicated by a mean score of <70%. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to establish the participants' knowledge levels and identify associated demographic variables. A total of 114 subjects participated in the study (response rate: 87.7%). Of these, 69 participants (60.5%) had inadequate mean CHD knowledge scores. Knowledge of CHD risk factors was significantly associated with body mass index (odds ratio [OR] = 0.739; P = 0.023), marital status (OR = 0.057; P = 0.036) and education level (OR = 9.243; P = 0.006). Low knowledge levels of CHD risk factors were observed among the studied community sample in Oman; this is likely to limit the participants' ability to engage in preventative practices. These findings support the need for education programmes to enhance awareness of risk factors and prevention of CHD in Oman.",Sultan Qaboos University medical journal,2016,Ali A Ammouri; Ayman Tailakh; Chandrani Isac; Joy K Kamanyire; Joshua Muliira; Shreedevi Balachandran,10.18295/squmj.2016.16.02.009,Journal Article,bmi,False,Ali A Ammouri et al. (2016). Knowledge of Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors among a Community Sample in Oman: Pilot study. Sultan Qaboos University medical journal.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27226910/
26416995,Social participation and coronary heart disease risk in a large prospective study of UK women.,"Participation in social activities is thought to prevent heart disease, but evidence is inconclusive. We assessed whether participating in social activities reduces the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in a large prospective study of 735,159 middle-aged UK women. Women reported their participation in eight social activities (religious group, voluntary work, adult education, art/craft/music, dancing, sports club, yoga, bingo) and were followed for first CHD event (hospital admission or death) over the next 8.6 years. Cox regression models were used to estimate relative risks for CHD incidence by participation in each and in any of the social activities. After adjustment for age and region only, every activity except bingo was associated with a reduced risk of CHD (n = 30,756 cases in total). However, after additional adjustment for 11 factors (deprivation, education, smoking, physical activity, body mass index, alcohol, marital status, self-rated health, happiness, hypertension, diabetes), every relative risk estimate moved close to 1.0. For example, for participation in any of the activities compared with none, the relative risk adjusted for age and region only was 0.83 (99% confidence interval 0.81-0.86), but changed to 1.06 (99% confidence interval 1.02-1.09) after additional adjustment. Adjustment for education, self-rated health, smoking and physical activity attenuated the associations most strongly. Residual confounding and other unmeasured factors may well account for any small remaining associations. Associations between participation in various social activities and CHD risk appear to be largely or wholly due to confounding by personal characteristics of the participants.",European journal of preventive cardiology,2016,Sarah Floud; Angela Balkwill; Dexter Canoy; Gillian K Reeves; Jane Green; Valerie Beral; Benjamin J Cairns,10.1177/2047487315607056,Journal Article,age,False,Sarah Floud et al. (2016). Social participation and coronary heart disease risk in a large prospective study of UK women. European journal of preventive cardiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26416995/
27606796,Prenatal Undernutrition and Autonomic Function in Adulthood.,"Early-life adversity has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality in later life, but little is known about the mechanisms that underlie this association. Prenatal undernutrition, a severe early-life stressor, is associated with double the risk of coronary heart disease and increased blood pressure responses to psychological stress. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that prenatal undernutrition induces alterations in the autonomic nervous system, which may increase the risk of developing heart disease. We studied autonomic function in 740 men and women (mean [SD] age, 58 [0.9] years) who were members of the Dutch famine birth cohort. We compared those exposed to famine during early (n = 64), mid (n = 107), or late gestation (n = 127) to those unexposed to famine in utero (n = 442). Participants underwent a series of 3 psychological stressors (Stroop, mirror tracing, and speech) while their blood pressure and heart rate were recorded continuously. Data had sufficient quality in 602 participants for derivation of autonomic function indices by spectral analysis. The stress protocol led to significant sample-level changes in systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and all cardiovascular control measures (all p values .050) according to prenatal famine exposure. Prenatal undernutrition was not associated with autonomic function in late adulthood. We conclude that altered autonomic function does not seem to explain our previous findings of increased coronary heart disease risk among those exposed to famine prenatally.",Psychosomatic medicine,2016,Susanne R de Rooij; Alexander Jones; David I Phillips; Clive Osmond; John M Karemaker; Tessa J Roseboom; Rebecca C Painter,10.1097/PSY.0000000000000393,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,False,Susanne R de Rooij et al. (2016). Prenatal Undernutrition and Autonomic Function in Adulthood. Psychosomatic medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27606796/
27022033,Physical Activity Types and Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Middle-Aged and Elderly Persons: The Rotterdam Study.,"Physical activity is associated with decreased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). The specific physical activity types that provide beneficial effects in an older population remain unclear. We assessed the association of total physical activity, walking, cycling, domestic work, sports, and gardening with CHD by using Cox proportional hazard models among 5,901 participants aged >55 (median age, 67) years from the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study, enrolled between 1997 and 2001. Activities were categorized into tertiles, and the lowest tertiles were used as reference. In the multivariable model, we adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, education, diet, and other physical activity types. During 15 years of follow-up (median, 10.3 (interquartile range, 8.0-11.8) years), 642 participants (10.9%) experienced a CHD event. In the multivariable model, the respective hazard ratios for the medium and high categories compared with the low category were 0.79 (95% confidence interval CI): 0.66, 0.96) and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.58, 0.87) for total physical activity, 0.76 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.92) and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.57, 0.88) for cycling, and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.98) and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.56, 0.90) for domestic work. Walking, sports, and gardening were not associated with CHD. In conclusion, in this long-term follow-up study of older adults, domestic work and cycling were associated with reduced CHD risk. Physical activity should be promoted in this population with the aim to prevent CHD.",American journal of epidemiology,2016,Chantal M Koolhaas; Klodian Dhana; Rajna Golubic; Josje D Schoufour; Albert Hofman; Frank J A van Rooij; Oscar H Franco,10.1093/aje/kwv244,Journal Article,age,False,Chantal M Koolhaas et al. (2016). Physical Activity Types and Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Middle-Aged and Elderly Persons: The Rotterdam Study. American journal of epidemiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27022033/
26523709,Predictors of Cognitive and Functional Decline in Patients With Alzheimer Disease Dementia From Brazil.,"Little is known on how risk factors for Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia affect disease progression, much less for populations with low mean schooling, whereas the transcription of APOE may be regulated by nongenetic factors. In this 44-month cohort study, 214 consecutive outpatients with late-onset AD were assessed for rates of cognitive and functional decline by way of Clinical Dementia Rating and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, keeping blinded assessment of APOE haplotypes. Subjects were evaluated for sex, schooling, age of dementia onset, and cerebrovascular risk factors (including Framingham risk scores). Of the 214 patients, there were 146 (68.2%) women and 113 (52.8%) APOE4+ carriers. The mean age of AD onset was 73.4±6.5 years-old, negatively correlated with time to Clinical Dementia Rating >1.0 (β=-0.132; ρ<0.001), MMSE=20 (β=-0.105; ρ<0.001), and MMSE=15 (β=-0.124; ρ=0.003), more significantly for women and APOE4+ carriers. Mean schooling was 4.18±3.7 years, correlated with time to MMSE=20 and MMSE=15 for women and APOE4+ carriers. Body mass index was correlated with time to MMSE=20 only for men (ρ=0.006). The 10-year coronary heart disease risk was correlated with time to MMSE=20 only for APOE4+ carriers (ρ=0.015). These outcomes suggest interactions among genomic effects of cognitive reserve, cerebral perfusion, and hormonal changes over mechanisms of neurodegeneration.",Alzheimer disease and associated disorders,2016,Fabricio F Oliveira; Elizabeth S Chen; Marilia C Smith; Paulo H F Bertolucci,10.1097/WAD.0000000000000117,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,False,Fabricio F Oliveira et al. (2016). Predictors of Cognitive and Functional Decline in Patients With Alzheimer Disease Dementia From Brazil. Alzheimer disease and associated disorders.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26523709/
26283652,Educational level and risk profile and risk control in patients with coronary heart disease.,"The purpose of this study was to ascertain way in which conventional risk factors, readiness to modify behaviour and to comply with recommended medication, and the effect of this medication were associated with education in patients with established coronary heart disease (CHD). The EUROASPIRE IV (EUROpean Action on Secondary Prevention by Intervention to Reduce Events) study was a cross-sectional survey undertaken in 24 European countries to ascertain how recommendations on secondary CHD prevention are being followed in clinical practice. Consecutive patients, men and women ≤80 years of age who had been hospitalized for an acute coronary syndrome or revascularization procedure, were identified retrospectively. Data were collected through an interview with examinations at least six months and no later than three years after hospitalization. A total of 7937 patients (1934 (24.37%) women) were evaluated. Patients with primary education were older, with a larger proportion of women. Control of risk factors, as defined by Joint European Societies 4 and 5 guidelines, was significantly better with higher education for current smoking (p = 0.001), overweight and obesity (p = 0.047 and p = 0.029, respectively), low physical activity (p < 0.001) and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (p = 0.011) in men, and for obesity (p = 0.005), high blood pressure (p < 0.005 and p < 0.001), low physical activity (p = 0.001), diabetes (p < 0.001) and low HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.023) in women. Patients with primary and secondary education were more often treated with diuretics and antidiabetic drugs. Better control of hypertension was achieved in patients with higher education. Particular risk communication and control are needed in secondary CHD prevention for patients with lower educational status.",European journal of preventive cardiology,2016,Jan Bruthans; Otto Mayer; Dirk De Bacquer; Delphine De Smedt; Zeljko Reiner; Kornelia Kotseva; Renata Cífková,10.1177/2047487315601078,"Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,False,Jan Bruthans et al. (2016). Educational level and risk profile and risk control in patients with coronary heart disease. European journal of preventive cardiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26283652/
25725995,Epidemiology of coronary heart disease in HIV-infected versus uninfected individuals in developed countries.,"The widespread use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) among people living with HIV in developed countries has lead to significantly improved life expectancy. However, extensive use of the effective cART coincides with increasing reports of coronary heart disease (CHD) among people living with HIV, and CHD has become a major cause of death. CHD results from a complex and multifactorial atherosclerotic process involving the over-representation of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, particularly smoking, uncontrolled viral replication, chronic inflammation, immune activation, and exposure to antiretroviral drugs. Consequently careful selection of antiretroviral drugs, cardiovascular risk reduction, and lifestyle modifications are needed. In individuals living with HIV, cardiovascular risk assessment is becoming an important element of care.",Archives of cardiovascular diseases,2015,Sylvie Lang; Franck Boccara; Murielle Mary-Krause; Ariel Cohen,10.1016/j.acvd.2015.01.004,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review",smoking,False,Sylvie Lang et al. (2015). Epidemiology of coronary heart disease in HIV-infected versus uninfected individuals in developed countries. Archives of cardiovascular diseases.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25725995/
26422012,Modelling Future Coronary Heart Disease Mortality to 2030 in the British Isles.,"Despite rapid declines over the last two decades, coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates in the British Isles are still amongst the highest in Europe. This study uses a modelling approach to compare the potential impact of future risk factor scenarios relating to smoking and physical activity levels, dietary salt and saturated fat intakes on future CHD mortality in three countries: Northern Ireland (NI), Republic of Ireland (RoI) and Scotland. CHD mortality models previously developed and validated in each country were extended to predict potential reductions in CHD mortality from 2010 (baseline year) to 2030. Risk factor trends data from recent surveys at baseline were used to model alternative future risk factor scenarios: Absolute decreases in (i) smoking prevalence and (ii) physical inactivity rates of up to 15% by 2030; relative decreases in (iii) dietary salt intake of up to 30% by 2030 and (iv) dietary saturated fat of up to 6% by 2030. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses were then conducted. Projected populations in 2030 were 1.3, 3.4 and 3.9 million in NI, RoI and Scotland respectively (adults aged 25-84). In 2030: assuming recent declining mortality trends continue: 15% absolute reductions in smoking could decrease CHD deaths by 5.8-7.2%. 15% absolute reductions in physical inactivity levels could decrease CHD deaths by 3.1-3.6%. Relative reductions in salt intake of 30% could decrease CHD deaths by 5.2-5.6% and a 6% reduction in saturated fat intake might decrease CHD deaths by some 7.8-9.0%. These projections remained stable under a wide range of sensitivity analyses. Feasible reductions in four cardiovascular risk factors (already achieved elsewhere) could substantially reduce future coronary deaths. More aggressive polices are therefore needed in the British Isles to control tobacco, promote healthy food and increase physical activity.",PloS one,2015,John Hughes; Zubair Kabir; Kathleen Bennett; Joel W Hotchkiss; Frank Kee; Alastair H Leyland; Carolyn Davies; Piotr Bandosz; Maria Guzman-Castillo; Martin O'Flaherty; Simon Capewell; Julia Critchley,10.1371/journal.pone.0138044,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",smoking,False,John Hughes et al. (2015). Modelling Future Coronary Heart Disease Mortality to 2030 in the British Isles. PloS one.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26422012/
26174809,Endodontic medicine: connections between apical periodontitis and systemic diseases.,"The prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) in Europe has been reported to affect 61% of individuals and 14% of teeth, and increase with age. Likewise, the prevalence of root canal treatment (RCT) in Europe is estimated to be around 30-50% of individuals and 2-9% of teeth with radiographic evidence of chronic persistent AP in 30-65% of root filled teeth (RFT). AP is not only a local phenomenon and for some time the medical and dental scientific community have analysed the possible connection between apical periodontits and systemic health. Endodontic medicine has developed, with increasing numbers of reports describing the association between periapical inflammation and systemic diseases. The results of studies carried out both in animal models and humans are not conclusive, but suggest an association between endodontic variables, that is AP and RCT, and diabetes mellitus (DM), tobacco smoking, coronary heart disease and other systemic diseases. Several studies have reported a higher prevalence of periapical lesions, delayed periapical repair, greater size of osteolityc lesions, greater likelihood of asymptomatic infections and poorer prognosis for RFT in diabetic patients. On the other hand, recent studies have found that a poorer periapical status correlates with higher HbA1c levels and poor glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic patients. However, there is no scientific evidence supporting a causal effect of periapical inflammation on diabetes metabolic control. The possible association between smoking habits and endodontic infection has also been investigated, with controversial results. The aim of this paper was to review the literature on the association between endodontic variables and systemic health (especially DM and smoking habits).",International endodontic journal,2015,J J Segura-Egea; J Martín-González; L Castellanos-Cosano,10.1111/iej.12507,Journal Article; Review,smoking,False,J J Segura-Egea et al. (2015). Endodontic medicine: connections between apical periodontitis and systemic diseases. International endodontic journal.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26174809/
26301663,Lifestyle behaviour and lifetime incidence of heart diseases.,"Investigate the relationship of some behavioural characteristics of a male population with lifetime incidence of heart diseases. In the Italian Rural Areas of the Seven Countries Study of Cardiovascular Diseases, 1677 heart disease-free men aged 40-59 years were followed up during 50 years for lifetime incidence of heart disease up to the age of 90 years. They were classified as coronary heart disease (CHD) and heart diseases of uncertain etiology (HDUE). Baseline cigarette smoking habits (non-smokers and ex-smokers, moderate smokers, heavy smokers), physical activity (sedentary, moderate, vigorous) and eating habits (non-Mediterranean Diet, Prudent Diet and Mediterranean Diet) were related to incidence of heart disease. Incidence of CHD and HDUE up to the age of 90 years was 28.8 and 17.7%, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed strong association of behavioural characteristics with CHD incidence, but not with HDUE incidence. Cox proportional hazard rates for CHD were 1.45 (95% confidence intervals, CI: 1.11-1.90) for heavy smokers versus non-smokers; 0.67 (CI 0.50-0.89) for vigorous activity versus sedentary habits and 0.62 (CI 0.47-0.83) for Mediterranean Diet versus non-Mediterranean Diet. Combining CHD cases with HDUE cases made the predictive picture similar to that of CHD. When some basic risk factors were added to the model results remained substantially unaltered, despite the existence of some correlations of behaviours with risk factors. Behavioural factors including cigarette smoking, physical activity and diet are strong predictors of lifetime incidence of common heart diseases even adding other traditional risk factors.",International journal of cardiology,2015,Alessandro Menotti; Paolo Emilio Puddu; Giuseppe Maiani; Giovina Catasta,10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.08.050,Journal Article; Multicenter Study,smoking,False,Alessandro Menotti et al. (2015). Lifestyle behaviour and lifetime incidence of heart diseases. International journal of cardiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26301663/
26025183,Association of lipoprotein lipase gene with coronary heart disease in Sudanese population.,"Cardiovascular disease is stabilizing in high-income countries and has continued to rise in low-to-middle-income countries. Association of lipid profile with lipoprotein lipase gene was studied in case and control subject. The family history, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking and alcohol consumption were the most risk factors for early-onset of coronary heart disease (CHD). Sudanese patients had significantly (P<0.05) lower TC and LDL-C levels compared to controls. Allele frequency of LPL D9N, N291S and S447X carrier genotype was 4.2%, 30.7% and 7.1%, respectively. We conclude that lipoprotein lipase polymorphism was not associated with the incidence of CHD in Sudan.",Journal of epidemiology and global health,2015,Muzamil M Abdel Hamid; Safa Ahmed; Awatif Salah; Etayeb M A Tyrab; Lemya M Yahia; Elbagire A Elbashir; Hassan H Musa,10.1016/j.jegh.2015.04.007,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",smoking,False,Muzamil M Abdel Hamid et al. (2015). Association of lipoprotein lipase gene with coronary heart disease in Sudanese population. Journal of epidemiology and global health.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26025183/
25975589,Screening Men with Coronary Heart Disease for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Prospective Cohort Study.,"The prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is higher among patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) compared with control population. To assess and determine the prevalence of non-diagnosed AAA in men with CHD. A total of 438 active male out-patients with CHD were screened for AAA by abdominal ultrasound (US) examination. The largest infrarenal aortic dimension was registered. The patient was regarded to have AAA when the aortic diameter was greater than 30 mm. We found altogether 25 AAAs. The incidence of AAA was 5.7%. One AAA patient was operated on, and the other AAA patients are under surveillance. Independent predictors for AAA among CHD patients were increased age, family history of AAA, and current or previous smoking. The screening process took on average 5 min per patient, and the cost of screening was 15 ($18.50) per patient or 257 ($325) per found AAA. The prevalence of previously undiagnosed AAAs among patients with CHD is considerable. Screening of AAA should be considered among active patients with CHD. The most feasible and simplest option would be to perform the screening during any routine or elective cardiac US by a cardiologist, and we recommend to adopt it as a standard practice.",World journal of surgery,2015,Ville Vänni; Jussi Hernesniemi; Matti Turtiainen; Johanna Turtiainen; Tapio Hakala,10.1007/s00268-015-3091-8,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",smoking,False,Ville Vänni et al. (2015). Screening Men with Coronary Heart Disease for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Prospective Cohort Study. World journal of surgery.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25975589/
24692337,Risk factors for coronary heart disease among Asian Indians living in Australia.,"The aim of this study was to assess the coronary heart disease risk factors in the Asian Indian community living in a large city in Australia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the Australia India Friendship Fair in 2010. All people of Asian Indian descent who attended the Fair and visited the health promotion stall were eligible to participate in the study if they self-identified as of Asian Indian origin, were aged between 18 and 80 years, and were able to speak English. Blood pressure, blood glucose, waist circumference, height, and weight were measured by a health professional. Smoking, cholesterol levels, and physical activity status were obtained through self-reports. Data were analyzed for 169 participants. More than a third of the participants under the age of 65 years had high blood pressure. Prevalence of diabetes (16%) and obesity (61%) was significantly higher compared with the national average. Ten women identified themselves as smokers. Physical activity patterns were similar to that of the wider Australian population. The study has provided a platform for raising awareness among nurses and promoting advocacy on the cardiovascular risk among Asian Indians. Strategies involving Asian Indian nurses and other Asian Indian health professionals as well as support from the private and public sectors can assist in the reduction of the coronary heart disease risk factors among this extremely susceptible population.",Journal of transcultural nursing : official journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society,2015,Ritin Fernandez; John X Rolley; Rohan Rajaratnam; Subbaram Sundar; Navin C Patel; Patricia M Davidson,10.1177/1043659614523996,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",smoking,False,Ritin Fernandez et al. (2015). Risk factors for coronary heart disease among Asian Indians living in Australia. Journal of transcultural nursing : official journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24692337/
25471466,"Valued Life Activities, Smoking Cessation, and Mood in Post-Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients.","Continued engagement in valued life activities is a protective factor for depression and has been linked to readiness to quit smoking in medical populations but has never been examined among acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. The purpose of this study is to investigate relationships among valued life activities, mood, and smoking post-ACS. Participants were 54 post-ACS patients who were smoking before ACS hospitalization. Data on mood, smoking status, engagement in valued activities, restriction of valued activities, and satisfactory replacement of restricted activities was collected 1-12 months post-ACS. Depressive symptoms were associated with both less valued activity engagement and greater valued activity restriction. Positive affect was associated with greater valued activity engagement and negative affect was associated with greater valued activity restriction. Satisfactory replacement of restricted activities was associated with greater positive affect, fewer depressive symptoms, and quitting smoking post-ACS. The majority of these relationships remained significant after controlling for relevant covariates, including physical functioning. Valued activity restriction and engagement may contribute to depressed mood and failure to quit smoking in ACS patients. Psychotherapies that target greater engagement in valued life activities deserve further investigation in ACS patients.",International journal of behavioral medicine,2015,Andrew M Busch; John Fani Srour; James A Arrighi; Christopher W Kahler; Belinda Borrelli,10.1007/s12529-014-9456-9,"Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural",smoking,False,"Andrew M Busch et al. (2015). Valued Life Activities, Smoking Cessation, and Mood in Post-Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients. International journal of behavioral medicine.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25471466/
25815993,A century of cholesterol and coronaries: from plaques to genes to statins.,"One-fourth of all deaths in industrialized countries result from coronary heart disease. A century of research has revealed the essential causative agent: cholesterol-carrying low-density lipoprotein (LDL). LDL is controlled by specific receptors (LDLRs) in liver that remove it from blood. Mutations that eliminate LDLRs raise LDL and cause heart attacks in childhood, whereas mutations that raise LDLRs reduce LDL and diminish heart attacks. If we are to eliminate coronary disease, lowering LDL should be the primary goal. Effective means to achieve this goal are currently available. The key questions are: who to treat, when to treat, and how long to treat.",Cell,2015,Joseph L Goldstein; Michael S Brown,10.1016/j.cell.2015.01.036,"Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review",cholesterol,False,Joseph L Goldstein et al. (2015). A century of cholesterol and coronaries: from plaques to genes to statins. Cell.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25815993/
26192490,HDL-cholesterol and cardiovascular disease: rethinking our approach.,"A low level of plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a strong and independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, several large studies recently revealed that pharmacologic interventions that increase HDL-C concentration have not improved cardiovascular outcomes when added to standard therapy. In addition, specific genetic variants that raise HDL-C levels are not clearly associated with reduced risk of coronary heart disease. These observations have challenged the 'HDL hypothesis' that HDL-C is causally related to ASCVD and that intervention to raise HDL-C will reduce ASCVD events. This article will present the current data on the HDL hypothesis and provide a revised paradigm of considering HDL in the atherosclerotic pathway. Recent evidence has shed light on the complex nature of HDL-C metabolism and function. There are compelling data that the ability of HDL to promote cholesterol efflux from macrophages, the first step in the 'reverse cholesterol transport' (RCT) pathway, is inversely associated with risk for ASCVD even after controlling for HDL-C. This has led to the 'HDL flux hypothesis' that therapeutic intervention that targets macrophage cholesterol efflux and RCT may reduce risk. Preclinical studies of such interventions show promise and early phase clinical studies, though small, are encouraging. The role of HDL-C in modulating atherosclerotic disease is as yet uncertain. However, new findings and therapies targeting HDL-C show early promise and may provide an important intervention in attenuating the burden of ASCVD in the future.",Current opinion in cardiology,2015,Hasan K Siddiqi; Daniel Kiss; Daniel Rader,10.1097/HCO.0000000000000211,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,Hasan K Siddiqi et al. (2015). HDL-cholesterol and cardiovascular disease: rethinking our approach. Current opinion in cardiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26192490/
26072738,The dual nature of HDL: Anti-Inflammatory and pro-Inflammatory.,"High density lipoprotein (HDL) has long been considered a protective factor against the development of coronary heart disease. Two important roles of HDL include reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and the modulation of inflammation. The main protein component of HDL; apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) is primarily responsible for RCT. Apo A-I can be damaged by oxidative mechanisms, which reduce the protein's ability to promote RCT. In disease states such as diabetes, associated with a chronic acute-phase response, HDL has been found to be dysfunctional and pro-inflammatory. HDL cholesterol levels do not predict composition and/or function and therefore it is important to evaluate the quality and not just the quantity of HDL cholesterol when considering the risk of cardiovascular events. In clinical practice, there are currently no widely available tests for measuring the composition, functionality, and inflammatory properties of HDL. Small peptides that mimic some of the properties of apo A-I have been shown in pre-clinical models to improve HDL function and reduce atherosclerosis without altering HDL cholesterol levels. Clinical trials using HDL and HDL mimetics as therapeutic agents are currently underway. Results in animal studies and early clinical trials will be reviewed.","BioFactors (Oxford, England)",2015,Ryan Namiri-Kalantari; Feng Gao; Arnab Chattopadhyay; Aerin Alese Wheeler; Kaveh D Navab; Robin Farias-Eisner; Srinivasa T Reddy,10.1002/biof.1205,"Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review",cholesterol,False,"Ryan Namiri-Kalantari et al. (2015). The dual nature of HDL: Anti-Inflammatory and pro-Inflammatory. BioFactors (Oxford, England).",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26072738/
25623155,Hyperlipidemia in early adulthood increases long-term risk of coronary heart disease.,"Many young adults with moderate hyperlipidemia do not meet statin treatment criteria under the new American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology cholesterol guidelines because they focus on 10-year cardiovascular risk. We evaluated the association between years of exposure to hypercholesterolemia in early adulthood and future coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. We examined Framingham Offspring Cohort data to identify adults without incident cardiovascular disease to 55 years of age (n=1478), and explored the association between duration of moderate hyperlipidemia (non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥ 160 mg/dL) in early adulthood and subsequent CHD. At median 15-year follow-up, CHD rates were significantly elevated among adults with prolonged hyperlipidemia exposure by 55 years of age: 4.4% for those with no exposure, 8.1% for those with 1 to 10 years of exposure, and 16.5% for those with 11 to 20 years of exposure (P<0.001); this association persisted after adjustment for other cardiac risk factors including non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol at 55 years of age (hazard ratio, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.85 per decade of hyperlipidemia). Overall, 85% of young adults with prolonged hyperlipidemia would not have been recommended for statin therapy at 40 years of age under current national guidelines. However, among those not considered statin therapy candidates at 55 years of age, there remained a significant association between cumulative exposure to hyperlipidemia in young adulthood and subsequent CHD risk (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-2.64). Cumulative exposure to hyperlipidemia in young adulthood increases the subsequent risk of CHD in a dose-dependent fashion. Adults with prolonged exposure to even moderate elevations in non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol have elevated risk for future CHD and may benefit from more aggressive primary prevention.",Circulation,2015,Ann Marie Navar-Boggan; Eric D Peterson; Ralph B D'Agostino; Benjamin Neely; Allan D Sniderman; Michael J Pencina,10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.012477,"Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.",cholesterol,False,Ann Marie Navar-Boggan et al. (2015). Hyperlipidemia in early adulthood increases long-term risk of coronary heart disease. Circulation.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25623155/
26015858,Mitochondrial function and regulation of macrophage sterol metabolism and inflammatory responses.,"The aim of this review is to explore the role of mitochondria in regulating macrophage sterol homeostasis and inflammatory responses within the aetiology of atherosclerosis. Macrophage generation of oxysterol activators of liver X receptors (LXRs), via sterol 27-hydroxylase, is regulated by the rate of flux of cholesterol to the inner mitochondrial membrane, via a complex of cholesterol trafficking proteins. Oxysterols are key signalling molecules, regulating the transcriptional activity of LXRs which coordinate macrophage sterol metabolism and cytokine production, key features influencing the impact of these cells within atherosclerotic lesions. The precise identity of the complex of proteins mediating mitochondrial cholesterol trafficking in macrophages remains a matter of debate, but may include steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and translocator protein. There is clear evidence that targeting either of these proteins enhances removal of cholesterol via LXRα-dependent induction of ATP binding cassette transporters (ABCA1, ABCG1) and limits the production of inflammatory cytokines; interventions which influence mitochondrial structure and bioenergetics also impact on removal of cholesterol from macrophages. Thus, molecules which can sustain or improve mitochondrial structure, the function of the electron transport chain, or increase the activity of components of the protein complex involved in cholesterol transfer, may therefore have utility in limiting or regressing atheroma development, reducing the incidence of coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction.",World journal of cardiology,2015,Annette Graham; Anne-Marie Allen,10.4330/wjc.v7.i5.277,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,Annette Graham et al. (2015). Mitochondrial function and regulation of macrophage sterol metabolism and inflammatory responses. World journal of cardiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26015858/
26086252,Natural Dietary Phytosterols.,"Most clinical phytosterol studies are performed by adding purified supplements to smaller phytosterol amounts present in the natural diet. However, natural dietary phytosterols themselves may also have important effects on cholesterol metabolism. Epidemiological work using food frequency questionnaires to estimate dietary intake suggest that extremes of normal consumption may be associated with 3-14% changes in LDL cholesterol. Standardized food databases do not have enough phytosterol values to allow calculation of phytosterol intake for individuals outside of specialized studies. Natural diets contain phytosterol amounts ranging from less than 60 mg/2000 kcal to over 500 mg/2000 kcal. Physiological studies in which whole body cholesterol metabolism is investigated show large effects of natural dietary phytosterols on cholesterol absorption efficiency, cholesterol biosynthesis and cholesterol excretion which exceed the magnitude of changes in LDL cholesterol. The dual effects of natural phytosterols on both LDL-C and whole body cholesterol metabolism need to be considered in relating them to potential protection from coronary heart disease risk.",Journal of AOAC International,2015,Susan B Racette; Xiaobo Lin; Lina Ma; Richard E Ostlund,10.5740/jaoacint.SGERacette,Journal Article; Review,cholesterol,False,Susan B Racette et al. (2015). Natural Dietary Phytosterols. Journal of AOAC International.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26086252/
26632652,"Total and High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Adults: United States, 2011-2014.","High levels of total cholesterol and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (the ""good cholesterol"") are risk factors for coronary heart disease (1-3). During 2009-2010, 13.4% of adults had high total cholesterol and 21.3% had low HDL cholesterol (4). This report presents estimates of the percentage of adults with high total and low HDL cholesterol during 2011-2014, and trends in prevalence of high total and low HDL cholesterol from 2007-2008 to 2013-2014. Analysis is based on measured cholesterol only and does not account for cholesterol-lowering medication use.",NCHS data brief,2015,Margaret D Carroll; Cheryl D Fryar; Brian K Kit,,Journal Article,cholesterol,False,"Margaret D Carroll et al. (2015). Total and High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Adults: United States, 2011-2014. NCHS data brief.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26632652/
26393992,A Prospective Trial of Ayurveda for Coronary Heart Disease: A Pilot Study.,"Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, and its incidence is rapidly accelerating in developing nations. Patients often search for therapies that are alternatives to traditional treatments, such as heart medicines, coronary bypass surgery, or coronary stenting. Ayurveda is an ancient, East Indian, holistic approach to health care, and its use has never been formally evaluated for patients with coronary heart disease. The study intended to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of comprehensive ayurvedic therapy-incorporating diet, meditation, breathing exercises, yoga, and herbs-for patients with established coronary heart disease. The study was a prospective, single-group, pilot study. The study took place at the University of New Mexico Cardiology Clinic and at the Ayurvedic Institute in Albuquerque, NM, USA. The participants were adults with a history of a prior heart attack, coronary bypass surgery, or a coronary intervention (ie, a coronary angioplasty and/or stent). All enrolled patients were evaluated by a single ayurvedic physician with >40 y of experience, and each received therapy consisting of a calorically unrestricted ayurvedic diet; instruction in yoga, meditation, and breathing; and use of ayurvedic herbs. The primary endpoint was arterial pulse wave velocity, a marker of arterial function and vascular health. Secondary endpoints included the following measurements: (1) body mass index (BMI); (2) blood pressure (BP) and amount of reduction in BP medications; and (3) levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides. All parameters were measured at baseline and after 90 d of therapy. Twenty-two patients were enrolled in the study, and 19 patients completed it. The research team observed significant improvements in arterial pulse wave velocity (P = .015), and favorable reductions in BMI (P < .0001), total cholesterol (P = .028), LDL cholesterol (P = .024), and triglycerides (P = .046). HDL cholesterol did not change significantly (P = .90). A majority of hypertensive patients were able to reduce or eliminate their antihypertensive medications (P = .0058). The study's results suggest a favorable effect for ayurveda on arterial function and multiple risk factors in patients with established coronary heart disease.",Alternative therapies in health and medicine,2015,Robert DuBroff; Vasant Lad; Cristina Murray-Krezan,,Clinical Trial; Journal Article,cholesterol,False,Robert DuBroff et al. (2015). A Prospective Trial of Ayurveda for Coronary Heart Disease: A Pilot Study. Alternative therapies in health and medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26393992/
25516072,Arterial pre-hypertension and hypertension in intracranial versus extracranial cerebrovascular stenosis.,"Since it has remained unclear whether arterial pre-hypertension is a risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases, potential associations between arterial pre-hypertension and intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS) and extracranial arterial stenosis (ECAS) were assessed. The population-based Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities in Community Study was a sub-study of employees and retirees of the coal mining industry in China. Our study examined asymptomatic polyvascular abnormalities in a general population and with an age of 40+ years without history of stroke, transient ischaemic attacks and coronary heart disease. ICAS was diagnosed by transcranial Doppler sonography and was defined by peak flow velocity criteria; ECAS was diagnosed by carotid duplex sonography and was defined by the diameter of the common carotid artery or internal carotid artery. Out of 4422 study participants, 711 (16.1%) subjects showed an asymptomatic ICAS and 292 (6.6%) showed an asymptomatic ECAS. After adjusting for relevant risk factors, higher prevalence of ICAS was significantly associated with higher prevalence of pre-hypertension [odds ratio (OR) 1.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11, 2.16; P = 0.010] and hypertension (OR 1.80; 95% CI 1.53, 2.11; P < 0.001). Stratified by gender, the association was stronger for men than for women. Asymptomatic ECAS was not significantly associated with the prevalence of pre-hypertension (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.55, 1.10) or of hypertension (OR 1.06; 95% CI 0.91, 1.24). The results suggest that arterial pre-hypertension in addition to hypertension is associated with a higher prevalence of asymptomatic ICAS, more in men.",European journal of neurology,2015,D Wang; Y Zhou; Y Guo; C Wang; A Wang; Z Jin; X Gao; S Wu; X Zhao; J B Jonas,10.1111/ene.12611,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",hypertension,False,D Wang et al. (2015). Arterial pre-hypertension and hypertension in intracranial versus extracranial cerebrovascular stenosis. European journal of neurology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25516072/
26306015,[Sleep-disordered breathing and cardiac disease].,"The prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is ca. 30 % in patients with coronary heart disease, ca. 30 % in patients with Hypertonus, ca. 50 % in patients with congestive heart failure and ca. 60 % in patients with atrial fibrillation. In patients with resistent hypertension, prevalence of SDB is about 80 %. However, patients with SDB and associated cardiac disease like atrial fibrillation or congestive heart failure do not report daytime symptoms like excessive daytime sleepiness. Ambulatory cardiorespiratory polygraphy is used to screen for SDB in patients with cardiac disease. An effective treatment of SDB can reduced blood pressure and can avoid arrhythmias. The effect of treatment of SDB in patients with congestive heart failure is currently investigated in clinical randomized trials.",Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946),2015,Dominik Linz; Michael Arzt,10.1055/s-0041-102916,English Abstract; Journal Article,hypertension,False,Dominik Linz et al. (2015). [Sleep-disordered breathing and cardiac disease]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946).,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26306015/
25438973,Targeting drugs to APJ receptor: the prospect of treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.,"The APJ is a class A, rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with high sequence similarity to the angiotensin receptor AT1. APJ has been shown to be widely expressed in humans tissues, including the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, adipocytes and others. APJ plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases including atherosclerosis (AS), coronary heart disease (CAD), heart failure(HF), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), myocardial hypertrophy and atrial fibrillation, especially hypertension. Previous researchers found that apelin/APJ could induce vasodilation and then reduce blood pressure. Despite APJ is closely associated with many diseases, there are no drugs that can activate or inhibit APJ directly. In the current review, we have summarized recently reported peptides, small molecule agonists and antagonists targeting APJ. Given the role of apelin/APJ in hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases, we believe that the peptides and compounds based on APJ will be developed for treatment of these diseases.",Current drug targets,2015,Jiangang Cao; Hening Li; Linxi Chen,10.2174/1389450115666141128120053,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review",hypertension,False,Jiangang Cao et al. (2015). Targeting drugs to APJ receptor: the prospect of treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Current drug targets.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25438973/
26606383,Exercise as medicine - evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases.,"This review provides the reader with the up-to-date evidence-based basis for prescribing exercise as medicine in the treatment of 26 different diseases: psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, stress, schizophrenia); neurological diseases (dementia, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis); metabolic diseases (obesity, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovarian syndrome, type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes); cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, cerebral apoplexy, and claudication intermittent); pulmonary diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, cystic fibrosis); musculo-skeletal disorders (osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, back pain, rheumatoid arthritis); and cancer. The effect of exercise therapy on disease pathogenesis and symptoms are given and the possible mechanisms of action are discussed. We have interpreted the scientific literature and for each disease, we provide the reader with our best advice regarding the optimal type and dose for prescription of exercise.",Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports,2015,B K Pedersen; B Saltin,10.1111/sms.12581,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review",diabetes,False,B K Pedersen et al. (2015). Exercise as medicine - evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26606383/
25939296,Statins and diabetes.,"A statin is first-line drug therapy for dyslipidemia. Clinical trial data suggest there is an increase in the incidence of new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus with statin use. The National Lipid Association (NLA) Statin Diabetes Safety Task Force concluded that the cardiovascular benefit of statin therapy outweighs the risk for developing diabetes. The NLA panel advocated following the standards of care from the American Diabetes Association for screening and diagnosis of diabetes, and emphasized the importance of lifestyle modification. This article summarizes NLA's review of the evidence, expanding it to include recent results, and outlines the clinical recommendations.",Cardiology clinics,2015,Kevin C Maki; Mary R Dicklin; Seth J Baum,10.1016/j.ccl.2015.02.004,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review",diabetes,False,Kevin C Maki et al. (2015). Statins and diabetes. Cardiology clinics.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25939296/
26225201,Cholesterol confusion and statin controversy.,"The role of blood cholesterol levels in coronary heart disease (CHD) and the true effect of cholesterol-lowering statin drugs are debatable. In particular, whether statins actually decrease cardiac mortality and increase life expectancy is controversial. Concurrently, the Mediterranean diet model has been shown to prolong life and reduce the risk of diabetes, cancer, and CHD. We herein review current data related to both statins and the Mediterranean diet. We conclude that the expectation that CHD could be prevented or eliminated by simply reducing cholesterol appears unfounded. On the contrary, we should acknowledge the inconsistencies of the cholesterol theory and recognize the proven benefits of a healthy lifestyle incorporating a Mediterranean diet to prevent CHD.",World journal of cardiology,2015,Robert DuBroff; Michel de Lorgeril,10.4330/wjc.v7.i7.404,Journal Article; Review,diabetes,False,Robert DuBroff et al. (2015). Cholesterol confusion and statin controversy. World journal of cardiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26225201/
26031671,Predicting cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes: the heterogeneity challenges.,"Type 2 diabetes mellitus has reached epidemic proportions around the world, and the increase in cardiovascular risk attributable to diabetes estimated to range from 2- to 4-fold poses grave public health concern. Though in some contexts type 2 diabetes has been equated with coronary heart disease equivalent risk, there is considerable evidence that incremental cardiovascular risk does not uniformly affect all people with type 2 diabetes. This heterogeneity in cardiovascular risk is multifactorial and only partially understood but is a key consideration for our understanding of the nexus of diabetes and cardiovascular disease and for the development of optimal and individualized cardiovascular risk reduction strategies. This review provides a brief synopsis of the concept of cardiovascular risk heterogeneity in diabetes, including epidemiologic evidence, discussion of established and potential determinants of heterogeneity, and clinical, research, and regulatory implications.",Current cardiology reports,2015,M Odette Gore; Darren K McGuire; Ildiko Lingvay; Julio Rosenstock,10.1007/s11886-015-0607-7,Journal Article; Review,diabetes,False,M Odette Gore et al. (2015). Predicting cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes: the heterogeneity challenges. Current cardiology reports.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26031671/
26139859,Exercise and the cardiovascular system: clinical science and cardiovascular outcomes.,"Substantial evidence has established the value of high levels of physical activity, exercise training (ET), and overall cardiorespiratory fitness in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This article reviews some basics of exercise physiology and the acute and chronic responses of ET, as well as the effect of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness on cardiovascular diseases. This review also surveys data from epidemiological and ET studies in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary heart disease and heart failure. These data strongly support the routine prescription of ET to all patients and referrals for patients with cardiovascular diseases, especially coronary heart disease and heart failure, to specific cardiac rehabilitation and ET programs.",Circulation research,2015,Carl J Lavie; Ross Arena; Damon L Swift; Neil M Johannsen; Xuemei Sui; Duck-Chul Lee; Conrad P Earnest; Timothy S Church; James H O'Keefe; Richard V Milani; Steven N Blair,10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.305205,Journal Article; Review,bmi,False,Carl J Lavie et al. (2015). Exercise and the cardiovascular system: clinical science and cardiovascular outcomes. Circulation research.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26139859/
26543431,The Obesity Epidemic and Its Impact on Urologic Care.,"Although heart disease and cancer are the number one and two causes of death in the United States, respectively, obesity is gaining speed as a contributing cause to both of those conditions, along with diabetes, arthritis, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease, gallbladder disease, and certain malignancies. Nearly one-third of the adults in the United States is overweight with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 25 kg/m(2), and another third of the adult population is obese, with a BMI greater than 30 kg/m(2). This article reviews the root causes of obesity, the societal implications, and the implications of obesity on various urologic diseases.",Reviews in urology,2015,David Mobley; Neil Baum,,Journal Article,bmi,False,David Mobley et al. (2015). The Obesity Epidemic and Its Impact on Urologic Care. Reviews in urology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26543431/
26449133,10-Year Coronary Heart Disease Risk Prediction Using Coronary Artery Calcium and Traditional Risk Factors: Derivation in the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) With Validation in the HNR (Heinz Nixdorf Recall) Study and the DHS (Dallas Heart Study).,"Several studies have demonstrated the tremendous potential of using coronary artery calcium (CAC) in addition to traditional risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) risk prediction. However, to date, no risk score incorporating CAC has been developed. The goal of this study was to derive and validate a novel risk score to estimate 10-year CHD risk using CAC and traditional risk factors. Algorithm development was conducted in the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis), a prospective community-based cohort study of 6,814 participants age 45 to 84 years, who were free of clinical heart disease at baseline and followed for 10 years. MESA is sex balanced and included 39% non-Hispanic whites, 12% Chinese Americans, 28% African Americans, and 22% Hispanic Americans. External validation was conducted in the HNR (Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study) and the DHS (Dallas Heart Study). Inclusion of CAC in the MESA risk score offered significant improvements in risk prediction (C-statistic 0.80 vs. 0.75; p < 0.0001). External validation in both the HNR and DHS studies provided evidence of very good discrimination and calibration. Harrell's C-statistic was 0.779 in HNR and 0.816 in DHS. Additionally, the difference in estimated 10-year risk between events and nonevents was approximately 8% to 9%, indicating excellent discrimination. Mean calibration, or calibration-in-the-large, was excellent for both studies, with average predicted 10-year risk within one-half of a percent of the observed event rate. An accurate estimate of 10-year CHD risk can be obtained using traditional risk factors and CAC. The MESA risk score, which is available online on the MESA web site for easy use, can be used to aid clinicians when communicating risk to patients and when determining risk-based treatment strategies.",Journal of the American College of Cardiology,2015,Robyn L McClelland; Neal W Jorgensen; Matthew Budoff; Michael J Blaha; Wendy S Post; Richard A Kronmal; Diane E Bild; Steven Shea; Kiang Liu; Karol E Watson; Aaron R Folsom; Amit Khera; Colby Ayers; Amir-Abbas Mahabadi; Nils Lehmann; Karl-Heinz Jöckel; Susanne Moebus; J Jeffrey Carr; Raimund Erbel; Gregory L Burke,10.1016/j.jacc.2015.08.035,"Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,False,Robyn L McClelland et al. (2015). 10-Year Coronary Heart Disease Risk Prediction Using Coronary Artery Calcium and Traditional Risk Factors: Derivation in the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) With Validation in the HNR (Heinz Nixdorf Recall) Study and the DHS (Dallas Heart Study). Journal of the American College of Cardiology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26449133/
25999764,"Dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease risk profiles of patients attending an HIV treatment clinic in Harare, Zimbabwe.","The chronic inflammation induced by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) contributes to increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in HIV-infected individuals. HIV-infected patients generally benefit from being treated with antiretroviral drugs, but some antiretroviral agents have side effects, such as dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. There is general consensus that antiretroviral drugs induce a long-term risk of CHD, although the levels of that risk are somewhat controversial. The intention of this cross-sectional study was to describe the lipid profile and the long-term risk of CHD among HIV-positive outpatients at an HIV treatment clinic in Harare, Zimbabwe. Two hundred and fifteen patients were investigated (females n=165, mean age 39.8 years; males n=50; mean age 42.0 years). Thirty of the individuals were antiretroviral-naïve and 185 had been on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for a mean 3.9±3.4 years. All participants had average lipid and glucose values within normal ranges, but there was a small difference between the ART and ART-for total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Those on a combination of D4T or ZDV/NVP/3TC and PI-based ART were on average oldest and had the highest TC levels. Framingham risk showed 1.4% prevalence of high CHD risk within the next ten years. After univariate analysis age, sex, TC/HDL ratio, HDL, economic earnings and systolic BP were associated with medium to high risk of CHD. After multivariate regression analysis and adjusting for age or sex only age, sex and economic earnings were associated with medium to high risk of CHD. There is small risk of developing CHD, during the next decade in HIV infected patients at an HIV treatment clinic in Harare.","HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.)",2015,Danai Tavonga Zhou; Vitaris Kodogo; Kudzai Fortunate Vongai Chokuona; Exnevia Gomo; Olav Oektedalen; Babill Stray-Pedersen,10.2147/HIV.S78523,Journal Article,age,False,"Danai Tavonga Zhou et al. (2015). Dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease risk profiles of patients attending an HIV treatment clinic in Harare, Zimbabwe. HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.).",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25999764/
26346935,Variation among cardiovascular risk calculators in relative risk increases with identical risk factor increases.,"Risk estimates for the same patient can vary substantially among cardiovascular risk calculators and the reasons are not fully explained. We compared the relative risk increases for consistent risk factors changes across different cardiovascular risk calculators. Five clinicians independently selected 16 calculators providing absolute risk estimations. Hypothetical patients were generated using a combination of seven risk factors [age, gender, smoking, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol and diabetes] dichotomized to high and low risk, generating 2(7) patients (128 total). Relative risk increases due to specific risk factors were determined and compared. The 16 selected calculators were from six countries, used 5- and 10-year predictions, and estimated CVD or coronary heart disease risk. Across the different calculators for non-diabetic patients, changing age from 50 to 70 produced average relative risk increases from 82 to 395%, gender (female to male) 35-225%, smoking status 31-118%, systolic blood pressure (120-160 mmHg) 16-124%, total cholesterol (4-7 mmol/L) 51-302% and HDL (1.3-0.8 mmol/L) 27-133%. Similar results were found among diabetic patients. Some calculators appeared to have consistently higher relative risk increases over multiple risk factors. Cardiovascular risk calculators weigh the same risk factors differently. For each risk factor, the relative risk increase from the calculator with the highest increase was generally three to eight times greater than the relative risk increase from the calculator with lowest increase. This likely contributes to some of the inconsistency in risk calculator estimation. It also limits the use of risk calculators in estimating the benefits of therapy.",BMC research notes,2015,G Michael Allan; Faeze Nouri; Christina Korownyk; Michael R Kolber; Ben Vandermeer; James McCormack,10.1186/s13104-015-1401-8,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,False,G Michael Allan et al. (2015). Variation among cardiovascular risk calculators in relative risk increases with identical risk factor increases. BMC research notes.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26346935/
26025389,Association of HDL cholesterol efflux capacity with incident coronary heart disease events: a prospective case-control study.,"Although HDL cholesterol concentrations are strongly and inversely associated with risk of coronary heart disease, interventions that raise HDL cholesterol do not reduce risk of coronary heart disease. HDL cholesterol efflux capacity-a prototypical measure of HDL function-has been associated with coronary heart disease after adjusting for HDL cholesterol, but its effect on incident coronary heart disease risk is uncertain. We measured cholesterol efflux capacity and assessed its relation with vascular risk factors and incident coronary heart disease events in a nested case-control sample from the prospective EPIC-Norfolk study of 25 639 individuals aged 40-79 years, assessed in 1993-97 and followed up to 2009. We quantified cholesterol efflux capacity in 1745 patients with incident coronary heart disease and 1749 control participants free of any cardiovascular disorders by use of a validated ex-vivo radiotracer assay that involved incubation of cholesterol-labelled J774 macrophages with apoB-depleted serum from study participants. Cholesterol efflux capacity was positively correlated with HDL cholesterol concentration (r=0·40; p<0·0001) and apoA-I concentration (r=0·22; p<0·0001). It was also inversely correlated with type 2 diabetes (r=-0·18; p<0·0001) and positively correlated with alcohol consumption (r=0·12; p<0·0001). In analyses comparing the top and bottom tertiles, cholesterol efflux capacity was significantly and inversely associated with incident coronary heart disease events, independent of age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, smoking and alcohol use, waist:hip ratio, BMI, LDL cholesterol concentration, log-triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol or apoA-I concentrations (odds ratio 0·64, 95% CI 0·51-0·80). After a similar multivariable adjustment the risk of incident coronary heart disease was 0·80 (95% CI 0·70-0·90) for a per-SD change in cholesterol efflux capacity. HDL cholesterol efflux capacity might provide an alternative mechanism for therapeutic modulation of the HDL pathway beyond HDL cholesterol concentration to help reduce risk of coronary heart disease. US National Institutes of Health, UK Medical Research Council, Cancer Research UK.",The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology,2015,Danish Saleheen; Robert Scott; Sundas Javad; Wei Zhao; Amrith Rodrigues; Antonino Picataggi; Daniya Lukmanova; Megan L Mucksavage; Robert Luben; Jeffery Billheimer; John J P Kastelein; S Matthijs Boekholdt; Kay-Tee Khaw; Nick Wareham; Daniel J Rader,10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00126-6,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,False,Danish Saleheen et al. (2015). Association of HDL cholesterol efflux capacity with incident coronary heart disease events: a prospective case-control study. The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26025389/
25896357,"Coronary heart disease risk factors, coronary artery calcification and epicardial fat volume in the Young Finns Study.","We investigated associations of pre-clinical coronary heart disease (CHD), adolescence and adulthood CHD risk factors, and epicardial fat volume (EFV), which is thought to influence CHD pathology. EFV and coronary calcium scores were quantified using computed tomography imaging for 557 subjects from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study in 2007. CHD risk marker levels were assessed repeatedly from 1980 to 2007. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), carotid distensibility, and brachial flow-mediated dilatation were measured by vascular ultrasound in 2007. Increased EFV was cross-sectionally associated with male sex, increased waist circumference, body-mass index (BMI), cIMT, metabolic syndrome prevalence, levels of apolipoprotein B, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, blood pressure, insulin, and fasting glucose, as well as ever smoking, alcoholic intake, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), carotid distensibility and physical activity in adulthood. In BMI-adjusted analyses, only apolipoprotein B, ever smoking, alcohol intake and metabolic syndrome prevalence were independently associated with EFV. In adolescence, skinfold thickness, BMI, and insulin levels were higher and HDL-C lower with increasing EFV. Subjects in the lowest vs. highest quarter of EFV had consistently lower BMI across the early life-course. Associations of CHD risk markers with EFV were attenuated after multivariable adjustment. We found no evidence of increased EFV being independently associated with pre-clinical atherosclerosis. EFV was most strongly associated with BMI and waist circumference. Subjects with higher EFV had consistently higher BMI from age 12 suggesting that life-long exposure to higher BMI influences the development of EFV.",European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging,2015,Olli Hartiala; Costan G Magnussen; Marco Bucci; Sami Kajander; Juhani Knuuti; Heikki Ukkonen; Antti Saraste; Irina Rinta-Kiikka; Sakari Kainulainen; Mika Kähönen; Nina Hutri-Kähönen; Tomi Laitinen; Terho Lehtimäki; Jorma S A Viikari; Jaakko Hartiala; Markus Juonala; Olli T Raitakari,10.1093/ehjci/jev085,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,False,"Olli Hartiala et al. (2015). Coronary heart disease risk factors, coronary artery calcification and epicardial fat volume in the Young Finns Study. European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25896357/
25431228,"Education and coronary heart disease risk: potential mechanisms such as literacy, perceived constraints, and depressive symptoms.","Education is inversely associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk; however the mechanisms are poorly understood. The study objectives were to evaluate the extent to which rarely measured factors (literacy, time preference, sense of control) and more commonly measured factors (income, depressive symptomatology, body mass index) in the education-CHD literature explain the associations between education and CHD risk. The study sample included 346 participants, aged 38 to 47 years (59.5% women), of the New England Family Study birth cohort. Ten-year CHD risk was calculated using the validated Framingham risk algorithm that utilizes diabetes, smoking, blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, age, and gender. Multivariable regression and mediation analyses were performed. Regression analyses adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and childhood confounders (e.g., parental socioeconomic status, intelligence) demonstrated that relative to those with greater than or equal to college education, men and women with less than high school had 73.7% (95% confidence interval [CI; 29.5, 133.0]) and 48.2% (95% CI [17.5, 86.8]) higher 10-year CHD risk, respectively. Mediation analyses demonstrated significant indirect effects for reading comprehension in women (7.2%; 95% CI [0.7, 19.4]) and men (7.2%; 95% CI [0.8, 19.1]), and depressive symptoms (11.8%; 95% CI [2.5, 26.6]) and perceived constraint (6.7%, 95% CI [0.7, 19.1]) in women. Evidence suggested that reading comprehension in women and men, and depressive symptoms and perceived constraint in women, may mediate some of the association between education and CHD risk. If these mediated effects are interpreted causally, interventions targeting reading, depressive symptoms, and perceived constraint could reduce educational inequalities in CHD.",Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education,2015,Eric B Loucks; Stephen E Gilman; Chanelle J Howe; Ichiro Kawachi; Laura D Kubzansky; Rima E Rudd; Laurie T Martin; Arijit Nandi; Aude Wilhelm; Stephen L Buka,10.1177/1090198114560020,"Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural",age,False,"Eric B Loucks et al. (2015). Education and coronary heart disease risk: potential mechanisms such as literacy, perceived constraints, and depressive symptoms. Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25431228/
25880982,The association between triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and all-cause mortality in acute coronary syndrome after coronary revascularization.,"High triglycerides (TG) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are cardiovascular risk factors. A positive correlation between elevated TG/HDL-C ratio and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events exists in women. However, utility of TG to HDL-C ratio for prediction is unknown among acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Fasting lipid profiles, detailed demographic data, and clinical data were obtained at baseline from 416 patients with ACS after coronary revascularization. Subjects were stratified into three levels of TG/HDL-C. We constructed multivariate Cox-proportional hazard models for all-cause mortality over a median follow-up of 3 years using log TG to HDL-C ratio as a predictor variable and analyzing traditional cardiovascular risk factors. We constructed a logistic regression model for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) to prove that the TG/HDL-C ratio is a risk factor. The subject's mean age was 64 ± 11 years; 54.5% were hypertensive, 21.8% diabetic, and 61.0% current or prior smokers. TG/HDL-C ratio ranged from 0.27 to 14.33. During the follow-up period, there were 43 deaths. In multivariate Cox models after adjusting for age, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and severity of angiographic coronary disease, patients in the highest tertile of ACS had a 5.32-fold increased risk of mortality compared with the lowest tertile. After adjusting for conventional coronary heart disease risk factors by the logistic regression model, the TG/HDL-C ratio was associated with MACEs. The TG to HDL-C ratio is a powerful independent predictor of all-cause mortality and is a risk factor of cardiovascular events.",PloS one,2015,Ke Wan; Jianxun Zhao; Hao Huang; Qing Zhang; Xi Chen; Zhi Zeng; Li Zhang; Yucheng Chen,10.1371/journal.pone.0123521,Journal Article,age,False,Ke Wan et al. (2015). The association between triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and all-cause mortality in acute coronary syndrome after coronary revascularization. PloS one.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25880982/
25437893,Novel coronary heart disease risk factors at 60-64 years and life course socioeconomic position: the 1946 British birth cohort.,"Social disadvantage across the life course is associated with a greater risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and with established CHD risk factors, but less is known about whether novel CHD risk factors show the same patterns. The Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development was used to investigate associations between occupational socioeconomic position during childhood, early adulthood and middle age and markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6), endothelial function (E-selectin, tissue-plasminogen activator), adipocyte function (leptin, adiponectin) and pancreatic beta cell function (proinsulin) measured at 60-64 years. Life course models representing sensitive periods, accumulation of risk and social mobility were compared with a saturated model to ascertain the nature of the relationship between social class across the life course and each of these novel CHD risk factors. For interleukin-6 and leptin, low childhood socioeconomic position alone was associated with high risk factor levels at 60-64 years, while for C-reactive protein and proinsulin, cumulative effects of low socioeconomic position in both childhood and early adulthood were associated with higher (adverse) risk factor levels at 60-64 years. No associations were observed between socioeconomic position at any life period with either endothelial marker or adiponectin. Associations for C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, leptin and proinsulin were reduced considerably by adjustment for body mass index and, to a lesser extent, cigarette smoking. In conclusion, socioeconomic position in early life is an important determinant of several novel CHD risk factors. Body mass index may be an important mediator of these relationships.",Atherosclerosis,2015,Rebecca Jones; Rebecca Hardy; Naveed Sattar; John E Deanfield; Alun Hughes; Diana Kuh; Emily T Murray; Peter H Whincup; Claudia Thomas,10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.11.011,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,False,Rebecca Jones et al. (2015). Novel coronary heart disease risk factors at 60-64 years and life course socioeconomic position: the 1946 British birth cohort. Atherosclerosis.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25437893/
26183615,Low Impact of Traditional Risk Factors on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: The ELSA-Brasil Cohort.,"There is little information about how much traditional cardiovascular risk factors explain common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) variance. We aimed to study to which extent CCA-IMT values are determined by traditional risk factors and which commonly used measurements of blood pressure, glucose metabolism, lipid profile, and adiposity contribute the most to this determination in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) cohort baseline. We analyzed 9792 individuals with complete data and CCA-IMT measurements. We built multiple linear regression models using mean left and right CCA-IMT as the dependent variable. All models were stratified by sex. We also analyzed individuals stratified by 10-year coronary heart disease risk and, in separate, those with no traditional risk factors. Main models' R(2) varied between 0.141 and 0.373. The major part of the explained variance in CCA-IMT was because of age and race. Indicators of blood pressure, lipid profile, and adiposity that most frequently composed the best models were pulse pressure, low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio, and neck circumference. The association between neck circumference and CCA-IMT persisted significant even after further adjustment for vessel sizes and body mass index. Indicators of glucose metabolism had smaller contribution. We found that >60% of CCA-IMT were not explained by demographic and traditional cardiovascular risk factors, which highlights the need to study novel risk factors. Pulse pressure, low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio, and neck circumference were the most consistent contributors.","Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology",2015,Itamar S Santos; Airlane P Alencar; Tatjana Rundek; Alessandra C Goulart; Sandhi M Barreto; Alexandre C Pereira; Isabela M Benseñor; Paulo A Lotufo,10.1161/ATVBAHA.115.305765,"Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,False,"Itamar S Santos et al. (2015). Low Impact of Traditional Risk Factors on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: The ELSA-Brasil Cohort. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26183615/
24794068,"Normal thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, autoimmune activation, and coronary heart disease risk.","Whether euthyroid status affects cardiovascular disease risk is unclear. We aimed to investigate whether serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels within the normal range are related to the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). In participants of the Turkish Adult Risk Factor Study (mean age 52.7±11.5), in whom TSH was measured in the 2004/05 survey, cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were performed. Subjects with TSH concentrations4.2 mIU/L were excluded to ensure euthyroid status leaving 956 individuals as the study sample. Mean follow-up was 4.81±1.3 years. Men had 18% lower (p<0.001) geometric mean TSH levels (1.10 mIU/L) than women (1.35 mIU/L). Correlations of TSH with risk variables were notably virtually absent except weakly positive ones in men with age and systolic blood pressure (SBP). The age-adjusted TSH mid-tertile in men was associated with lowest lipoprotein [Lp](a), apoB, and total cholesterol values. Incident CHD was predicted in Cox regression analyses in men [HR of 2.45 (95 %CI 1.05; 5.74] and in combined sexes by the lowest compared with the highest TSH tertile, after adjustment for age, smoking status, SBP, and LDL-cholesterol. Analysis for combined prevalent and incident CHD stratified by metabolic syndrome (MetS) confirmed the independent association with the lowest TSH tertile in men, specifically in men without MetS. TSH levels within normal range, low due to partial assay failure, may manifest as independent predictors of incident CHD, particularly in middle-aged men. Autoimmune responses involving serum Lp(a) under oxidative stress might be implicated mechanistically.",Endocrine,2015,Altan Onat; Mesut Aydın; Günay Can; Etem Çelik; Servet Altay; Ahmet Karagöz; Evin Ademoğlu,10.1007/s12020-014-0269-z,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,False,"Altan Onat et al. (2015). Normal thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, autoimmune activation, and coronary heart disease risk. Endocrine.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24794068/
26069232,"Plasma apolipoprotein C-III levels, triglycerides, and coronary artery calcification in type 2 diabetics.","Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins have emerged as causal risk factors for developing coronary heart disease independent of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) modulates triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism through inhibition of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic uptake of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Mutations causing loss-of-function of ApoC-III lower triglycerides and reduce coronary heart disease risk, suggestive of a causal role for ApoC-III. Little data exist about the relationship of ApoC-III, triglycerides, and atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here, we examined the relationships between plasma ApoC-III, triglycerides, and coronary artery calcification in patients with T2DM. Plasma ApoC-III levels were measured in a cross-sectional study of 1422 subjects with T2DM but without clinically manifest coronary heart disease. ApoC-III levels were positively associated with total cholesterol (Spearman r=0.36), triglycerides (r=0.59), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=0.16), fasting glucose (r=0.16), and glycosylated hemoglobin (r=0.12; P<0.0001 for all). In age, sex, and race-adjusted analysis, ApoC-III levels were positively associated with coronary artery calcification (Tobit regression ratio, 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.27-2.50 per SD increase in ApoC-III; P<0.001). As expected for an intermediate mediator, these findings were attenuated when adjusted for both triglycerides (Tobit regression ratio, 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.94-2.18; P=0.086) and separately for very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Tobit regression ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 0.75-1.71; P=0.53). In persons with T2DM, increased plasma ApoC-III is associated with higher triglycerides, less favorable cardiometabolic phenotypes, and higher coronary artery calcification, a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis. Therapeutic inhibition of ApoC-III may thus be a novel strategy for reducing plasma triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and cardiovascular risk in T2DM.","Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology",2015,Arman Qamar; Sumeet A Khetarpal; Amit V Khera; Atif Qasim; Daniel J Rader; Muredach P Reilly,10.1161/ATVBAHA.115.305415,"Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,False,"Arman Qamar et al. (2015). Plasma apolipoprotein C-III levels, triglycerides, and coronary artery calcification in type 2 diabetics. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.",https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26069232/
25092016,Do clinicians recommend aspirin to patients for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease?,"The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) released updated guidelines in 2009 recommending aspirin to prevent myocardial infarction among at-risk men and stroke among at-risk women. Our aim was to examine clinician aspirin recommendation among eligible persons based on cardiovascular risk scores and USPSTF cutoffs. We used across-sectional analysis of a current nationally representative sample. Participants were aged 40 years and older, and in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2011-2012). We determined aspirin eligibility for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention for each participant based on reported and assessed cardiovascular risk factors. We assessed men's risk using a published coronary heart disease risk calculator based on Framingham equations, and used a similar calculator for stroke to assess risk for women. We applied the USPSTF risk cutoffs for sex and age that account for offsetting risk for gastrointestinal hemorrhage. We assessed clinician recommendation for aspirin based on participant report. Among men 45-79 years and women 55-79 years, 87 % of men and 16 % of women were potentially eligible for primary CVD aspirin prevention. Clinician recommendation rates for aspirin among those eligible were low, 34 % for men and 42 % for women. Rates were highest among diabetics (63 %), those 65 to 79 years (52 %) or those in poor health (44 %). In contrast, aspirin recommendation rates were 76 % for CVD secondary prevention. After accounting for patient factors, particularly age, eligibility for aspirin prevention was not significantly associated with receiving a clinician's recommendation for aspirin (AOR 0.99 %; CI 0.7-1.4). Despite an ""A recommendation"" from the USPSTF for aspirin for primary prevention of CVD, the majority of men and women potentially eligible for aspirin did not recall a clinical recommendation from their clinician.",Journal of general internal medicine,2015,Kevin Fiscella; Paul C Winters; Michael Mendoza; Gary J Noronha; Carlos M Swanger; John D Bisognano; Robert J Fortuna,10.1007/s11606-014-2985-8,Journal Article,age,False,Kevin Fiscella et al. (2015). Do clinicians recommend aspirin to patients for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease? Journal of general internal medicine.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25092016/
25858663,Short Communication: Coronary Heart Disease Risk by Framingham Risk Score in Hepatitis C and HIV/Hepatitis C-Coinfected Persons.,"We compared the Framingham risk score (FRS) for 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in age- and race-matched hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected and HCV-uninfected persons: 114,073 HCV-infected (111,436 HCV-monoinfected and 2,637 HIV/HCV-coinfected) and 122,996 HCV-uninfected (121,380 HIV and HCV-uninfected and 1,616 HIV-monoinfected) males without cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or hepatitis B. In unadjusted analyses, FRS was similar between the HCV-infected and HCV-uninfected groups [median (interquartile range, IQR) risk points 13 (10-14) vs. 13 (10-14), p=0.192]. Cholesterol levels were lower and current smoking more prevalent in the HCV groups (both HCV and HIV/HCV) compared with the uninfected groups (p<0.001 for both). Prevalence of non-FRS CHD risk factors, such as substance abuse and chronic kidney disease, in the cohort was high, and differed by HCV and HIV status. Adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, chronic kidney disease, drug and alcohol use, and HIV status, HCV infection was associated with minimally lower FRS (β=-0.095 risk points, p<0.001), suggesting a small but significant difference in 10-year CHD risk estimation in HCV-infected as compared to HCV-uninfected persons when measuring risk by FRS. Given the complex relationship between HCV, HIV, and CHD risk factors, some of which are not captured by the FRS, the FRS may underestimate CHD risk in HCV-monoinfected and HIV/HCV-coinfected persons. HCV- and HIV/HCV-specific risk scores may be needed to optimize CHD risk stratification.",AIDS research and human retroviruses,2015,Kara W Chew; Debika Bhattacharya; Kathleen A McGinnis; Tamara B Horwich; Chi-Hong Tseng; Judith S Currier; Adeel A Butt,10.1089/AID.2014.0284,"Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.",age,False,Kara W Chew et al. (2015). Short Communication: Coronary Heart Disease Risk by Framingham Risk Score in Hepatitis C and HIV/Hepatitis C-Coinfected Persons. AIDS research and human retroviruses.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25858663/
25377022,Hot flushes and night sweats are associated with coronary heart disease risk in midlife: a longitudinal study.,"The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between vasomotor menopausal symptoms (VMS), i.e. hot flushes and night sweats, and the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD). A prospective cohort study. 11 725 women, aged 45-50 years at baseline in 1996, were followed up at 3-year intervals for 14 years. Self-reported VMS and incident CHD were measured at each survey. We determined the association between VMS and CHD at the subsequent survey, using generalised estimating equation analysis, adjusting for time-varying covariates. At baseline, 14% reported rarely, 17% reported sometimes, and 7% reported often having night sweats. During follow-up, 187 CHD events occurred. In the age-adjusted analysis, women who reported their frequency of experiencing hot flushes and night sweats as 'often' had a greater than two-fold increased odds of CHD (OR hot flushes 2.18, 95% CI 1.49-3.18; OR night sweats 2.38, 95% CI 1.62-3.50) compared with women with no symptoms (P trend < 0.001 for frequency of symptoms). Adjustment for menopausal status, lifestyle factors, body mass index, diabetes, and hypertension attenuated the associations (OR hot flushes 1.70, 95% CI 1.16-2.51, P trend = 0.01; OR night sweats 1.84, 95% CI 1.24-2.73), P trend = 0.004). Women who report having hot flushes or night sweats 'often' have an increased risk of developing CHD over a period of 14 years, even after taking the effects of age, menopause status, lifestyle, and other chronic disease risk factors into account.",BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology,2015,Gcm Herber-Gast; W J Brown; G D Mishra,10.1111/1471-0528.13163,"Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't",age,False,Gcm Herber-Gast et al. (2015). Hot flushes and night sweats are associated with coronary heart disease risk in midlife: a longitudinal study. BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25377022/
26089693,Medical costs associated with cardiovascular events among high-risk patients with hyperlipidemia.,"This study descriptively examined acute and longer term direct medical costs associated with a major cardiovascular (CV) event among high-risk coronary heart disease risk-equivalent (CHD-RE) patients. It also gives a firsthand look at fatal versus nonfatal CV events. The MarketScan(®) Commercial Claims and Encounters Database was used to identify adults with a CV event in 2006-2012 with hyperlipidemia or lipid-lowering therapy use in the 18 months prior to one of the following inpatient CV events: myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, unstable angina, transient ischemic attack, percutaneous coronary intervention, or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Patients were required to have a preindex diagnosis of at least one of the following: peripheral arterial disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, carotid artery disease, or diabetes. A subset analysis was conducted with patients with data linkable to the Social Security Administration Master Death File. Direct medical costs were reported for each quarter following a CV event, for up to 36 months after the first CV event. In total, 38,609 CHD-RE patients were included, mean age 57 years, 31% female. CABG, myocardial infarction, and percutaneous coronary intervention were the most frequent and most expensive first CV events, accounting for >75% of all first CV events with mean first quarter costs ranging from $17,454 (nonfatal transient ischemic attack) to $125,690 (fatal CABG). Overall, 15% of those with a first CV event went on to have a second event during the 36-month study period with mean first quarter nonfatal and fatal costs similar to first event levels. Third CV events were rare, happening in less than 3% of patients. CV events among CHD-RE patients were costly regardless of sequence, averaging $47,433 in the first 90 days following an event and remaining high, never returning to preevent levels. When fatal, first CV event costs were 1.2 to 2.9 times higher than when nonfatal.",ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR,2015,Machaon M Bonafede; Barbara H Johnson; Akshara Richhariya; Shravanthi R Gandra,10.2147/CEOR.S76972,Journal Article,age,False,Machaon M Bonafede et al. (2015). Medical costs associated with cardiovascular events among high-risk patients with hyperlipidemia. ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26089693/
25629574,Association between liver fibrosis and coronary heart disease risk in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.,"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is being increasingly recognized as the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. It has been shown that NAFLD in adults is associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Because of the limitations of liver biopsy, noninvasive scoring indexes such as the NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) were developed. The Framingham risk score (FRS) provides an estimate of CHD risk. In our study we aimed to investigate whether the severity of liver fibrosis estimated with the NFS is associated with a higher risk of CHD among individuals with ultrasonography-diagnosed NAFLD. A total of 155 patients and controls (81 patients with NAFLD and 74 controls) with ages ranging from 18 to 70 years were enrolled in this cross-sectional prospective study. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical, and laboratory data were obtained from each individual. The NAFLD patients were divided into subgroups on the basis of the severity of fatty liver. The FRS and NFS were adopted to predict the risk of CHD and the severity of hepatic fibrosis. In our study, we found that the FRS was higher in NAFLD patients than in controls (P<0.05). According to the FRS category, NFSs were higher in the intermediate/high probability CHD risk group in NAFLD (P<0.05). In multiple models, only age, sex, cholesterol, and HDL were independently associated with intermediate/high CHD risk (P<0.05). We also found a positive correlation between the NFS and the FRS (r=0.373, P<0.001). The optimum NFS cutoff point for identifying intermediate/high CHD risk in NAFLD patients was -2.1284, with a sensitivity and specificity of 95.20 and 48.30%, respectively. The predictive performance of the NFS in the determination of intermediate/high CHD risk in NAFLD patients was found to be 72% based on the area under the curve value. The FRS is associated with the NFS in NAFLD. The assessment of liver fibrosis may be useful for the risk stratification of CHD in the absence of liver biopsy in clinical practice.",European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology,2015,Serkan Dogan; Mehmet Celikbilek; Yunus K Yilmaz; Savas Sarikaya; Gokmen Zararsiz; Halil I Serin; Elif Borekci; Lütfi Akyol; Ilyas Pirti; Sena E Davarci,10.1097/MEG.0000000000000286,Journal Article,age,False,Serkan Dogan et al. (2015). Association between liver fibrosis and coronary heart disease risk in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology.,https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25629574/